Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemio...Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.展开更多
To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,mo...To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.展开更多
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role ...BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.展开更多
The polystyrene (PS) materials tend to yellow over time. The yellowing phenomenon is an indicator of the material’s reduced performance and structural integrity. In the natural environment, sunlight is a major contri...The polystyrene (PS) materials tend to yellow over time. The yellowing phenomenon is an indicator of the material’s reduced performance and structural integrity. In the natural environment, sunlight is a major contributor to the yellowing, and elevated temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions that lead to yellowing. The natural environmental factors are difficult to control, making it challenging to predict the yellowing process accurately. In this paper, we established a model to quantify the relationship between the yellowing index and key factors, solar radiation and temperature, from outdoor monitored climatic data. The model is trained and tested by the datasets collected from atmospheric exposure test stations located in Guangzhou and Qionghai. Same kinds of PS materials were exposed to external natural environments at the stations for one year. The parameters were estimated by least squares method. The results indicated that the model fits training and testing datasets well with R2 of 0.980 and 0.985, respectively.展开更多
The increase in extreme precipitation(EP)may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of population in arid and semi-arid regions.The current research on the impact of EP on population in Central Asia(CA)is insu...The increase in extreme precipitation(EP)may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of population in arid and semi-arid regions.The current research on the impact of EP on population in Central Asia(CA)is insufficient and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment.Hence,we opted for precipitation and temperature data under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)from ten Global Climate Models(GCMs),which were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP-CMIP6).By integrating population data in 2020 and 2050(SSP2 and SSP5),we investigated the future changes in EP and population exposure in CA under 1.5℃and 2℃global warming scenarios(GWSs).Our analysis indicates that EP in CA is projected to increase with global warming.Under the SSP5-8.5,the maximum daily precipitation(Rx1day)exhibits an average response rate to global warming of 3.58%/K(1.99-4.06%/K).With rising temperatures,an increasing number of areas and populations in CA will be impacted by EP,especially in the Fergana valley.Approximately 25%of the population(land area)in CA is exposed to Rx1day with increases of more than 8.31%(9.32%)under 1.5℃GWS and 14.18%(13.25%)under 2℃GWS.Controlling temperature rise can be effective in reducing population exposures to EP.For instance,limiting the temperature increase to 1.5℃instead of 2℃results in a 2.79%(1.75%-4.59%)reduction in population exposure to Rx1day.Finally,we found that climate change serves as the predominant factor influencing the population exposure to EP,while the role of population redistribution,although relatively minor,should not be disregarded.Particularly for prolonged drought,the role of population redistribution manifests negatively.展开更多
A traditional belief widespread across the biomedical community was that dietary habits and genetic predisposition were the basic factors causing colorectal cancer.In more recent times,however,a growing evidence has s...A traditional belief widespread across the biomedical community was that dietary habits and genetic predisposition were the basic factors causing colorectal cancer.In more recent times,however,a growing evidence has shown that other determinants can be very important in increasing(or reducing) incidence of this malignancy.The hypothesis that environmental and occupational risk factors are associated with colorectal cancer is gaining ground,and high risks of colorectal cancer have been reported among workers in some industrial branches.The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic relationship between colorectal cancer and occupational exposures to several industrial activities,by means of a scientific literature review and meta-analysis.This work pointed out increased risks of colorectal cancer for labourers occupied in industries with a wide use of chemical compounds,such as leather(RR = 1.70,95%CI:1.24-2.34),basic metals(RR = 1.32,95%CI:1.07-1.65),plastic and rubber manufacturing(RR = 1.30,95%CI:0.98-1.71 and RR = 1.27,95%CI:0.92-1.76,respectively),besides workers in the sector of repair and installation of machinery exposed to asbestos(RR = 1.40,95%CI:1.07-1.84).Based on our results,the estimated crude excess risk fraction attributable to occupational exposure ranged from about 11% to about 15%.However,homogeneous pattern of association between colorectal cancer and industrial branches did not emerge from this review.展开更多
Exposure to market risk is a core objective of the Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM)with a focus on systematic risk.However,traditional OLS Beta model estimations(Ordinary Least Squares)are plagued with several statis...Exposure to market risk is a core objective of the Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM)with a focus on systematic risk.However,traditional OLS Beta model estimations(Ordinary Least Squares)are plagued with several statistical issues.Moreover,the CAPM considers only one source of risk and supposes that investors only engage in similar behaviors.In order to analyze short and long exposures to different sources of risk,we developed a Time–Frequency Multi-Betas Model with ARMA-EGARCH errors(Auto Regressive Moving Average Exponential AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity).Our model considers gold,oil,and Fama–French factors as supplementary sources of risk and wavelets decompositions.We used 30 French stocks listed on the CAC40(Cotations Assistées Continues 40)within a daily period from 2005 to 2015.The conjugation of the wavelet decompositions and the parameters estimates constitutes decision-making support for managers by multiplying the interpretive possibilities.In the short-run,(“Noise Trader”and“High-Frequency Trader”)only a few equities are insensitive to Oil and Gold fluctuations,and the estimated Market Betas parameters are scant different compared to the Model without wavelets.Oppositely,in the long-run,(fundamentalists investors),Oil and Gold affect all stocks but their impact varies according to the Beta(sensitivity to the market).We also observed significant differences between parameters estimated with and without wavelets.展开更多
The paper embarks to investigate the relationship between currency risk and stock prices of the oil and natural gas exploitation industry in the value-weighted Hushen-300 stock market, by applying the standard Capital...The paper embarks to investigate the relationship between currency risk and stock prices of the oil and natural gas exploitation industry in the value-weighted Hushen-300 stock market, by applying the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model （CAPM） and nonlinear exchange rate exposure model to the Renminbi against US dollar. The results show that the currency exposure does vary in the oil-gas stock prices throughout the bull and bear market. The study suggests that the models of the equilibrium exchange rate exposure must be extended to considering the nonlinear exchange rate exposure, the regime periods of bull and bear market, and the industry types that is sensitive to the currency exposures. The nonlinear dynamic relationship between the exchange rate changes and the Chinese energy stock prices throughout the bull and bear market add to the recent empirical evidences that foreign exchange markets and stock markets are closely correlated.展开更多
Revision knee arthroplasty is fraught with complications such as delayed wound healing, arthrofibrosis, increased chances of infection, instability and extensor mechanism disruption. The key to avoiding these complica...Revision knee arthroplasty is fraught with complications such as delayed wound healing, arthrofibrosis, increased chances of infection, instability and extensor mechanism disruption. The key to avoiding these complications is to handle the soft tissue with care and to have an adequate surgical exposure at the same time. As the number of revisions has gone up, there has been a renewed interest in getting the basics right to have an adequate surgical exposure. Numerous surgical approaches have been proposed and subsequently modified. We present a concise review of the various surgical approaches for a revision knee replacement.展开更多
The effect of long-term thermal exposure on the tensile behavior of a high W content nickel-based superalloy K416B was investigated.The microstructure and the deformation characteristics were observed by scanning elec...The effect of long-term thermal exposure on the tensile behavior of a high W content nickel-based superalloy K416B was investigated.The microstructure and the deformation characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,and the phase transformation of the alloy during long-term thermal exposure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns and differential thermal analysis.Results showed that after thermal exposure at 1000℃,the MC carbides in the K416 B alloy decomposed into M_(6)C.During tensile deformation,dislocations slipping inγmatrix crossed over the M_(6)C by Orowan bowing mechanism.With the increase of thermal exposure time,the secondary M_(6)C reduced greatly the yield strength of the alloy at room temperature.Meanwhile,the continuous distribution of the secondary M_(6)C with great brittleness in the grain boundary could become the main source of crack,which might change the fracture characteristic of the alloy from trans-granular to intergranular.展开更多
Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures i...Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures in workers at two underground gold mines, to compare exposure levels within and between the mines, and to compare different methods of measuring DE exposures, namely respirable combustible dust(RCD), elemental carbon(EC) and total carbon(TC). Ambient and personal breathing zone(PBZ) measurements were taken. Side-by-side monitoring of RCD and of the respirable fraction of EC and TC(EC_Rand TC_R) was carried out in the workers' breathing zone during full-shift work.Regarding ambient measurements, in addition to EC_R, TC_Rand RCD, a submicron aerosol fraction(less than 1 mm) of EC and TC was also sampled(EC_1and TC_1). Average ambient results of 240 mg/m^3 in RCD, 150 mg/m^3 in EC_Rand 210 mg/m^3 in TC_Rare obtained. Average PBZ results of 190 mg/m^3 in RCD,84 mg/m^3 in EC3Rand 150 mg/min TC_Rare obtained. Very good correlation is found between EC_Rand EC_1 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99(p < 0.01) calculated between the two logtransformed concentrations. No differences are reported between EC_Rand EC_1, nor between TC_Rand TC_1, since ratios are equal to 1.04, close to 1, in both cases. Highest exposures are reported for loadhaul-dump(LHD) and jumbo drill operators and conventional miners. Significant exposure differences are reported between mines for truck and LHD operators(p < 0.01). The average TC_R/EC_Rratio is 1.6 for PBZ results, and 1.3 for ambient results. The variability observed in the TC_R/EC_Rratio shows that interferences from non-diesel related organic carbon can skew the interpretation of results when relying only on TC data.展开更多
Workers in many occupational settings areexposed to toxic chemicals and/or chemicalmixtures.Many of these chemicals or theirmetabolites are electrophilic genotoxic agentsand potential carcinogens which can covalentlyb...Workers in many occupational settings areexposed to toxic chemicals and/or chemicalmixtures.Many of these chemicals or theirmetabolites are electrophilic genotoxic agentsand potential carcinogens which can covalentlybind to cellular nucleophiles such as DNA toform DNA adducts.DNA adducts,therefore,展开更多
Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are employed in traditional health care workplaces face a serious danger that may threaten their life;it is their exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). In Lebanon, the introduction of ...Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are employed in traditional health care workplaces face a serious danger that may threaten their life;it is their exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). In Lebanon, the introduction of a hospital accreditation system has put a particular emphasis on staff safety, and on the evaluation of professional practice (EPP) programs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 277 HCWs working in 4 general hospitals in South Lebanon. Objective: 1) describe the prevalence and the risk factors for occupational exposure to BBF among HCWs;2) evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCW concerning blood-borne pathogens and adherence to universal safety precautions. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.14 years (SD = 10.33), 57.4% were females. 43.3% of HCWs expressed that they use gloves all the time for every activeity of care. 67.1% were aware that needles should not be recapped after use;registered nurses and nursing students were more aware than physicians and nursing assistants (nurse) in this subject. 30% of HCWs declared having had at least one occupational exposure to BBF;62.7% of all accidental exposure was reported to the department responsible for managing exposures. Percutaneous injuries were the most frequently reported. Vaccination coverage was 88.4% for hepatitis B, and 48.4% against influenza. The source patient was tested in 43.4% of reported BBF exposures. Accidental exposure to BBF was more frequent in older people (OR = 3.42;p = 0.03) and the more experienced. Subjects working in intensive care unit ward reported more exposure to BBF (OR = 3;p = 0.04). Participants incurring exposure to BBF resorted to different measures after the injury suggesting a lack of a uniform policy for post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: Exposure to BBF represents an important and frequently preventable occupational hazard for HCWs in Lebanon that requires continuous EPP of HCWs, and a comprehensive approach for prevention and management.展开更多
Nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge actuators with powered electrodes of different exposures were investigated numerically by using a newly proposed plasma kinetic model. The governing equations include the...Nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge actuators with powered electrodes of different exposures were investigated numerically by using a newly proposed plasma kinetic model. The governing equations include the coupled continuity plasma discharge equation, drift-diffusion equation, electron energy equation, Poisson＇s equation, and the Navier–Stokes equations.Powered electrodes of three different exposures were simulated to understand the effect of surface exposure on plasma discharge and surrounding flow field. Our study showed that the fully exposed powered electrode resulted in earlier reduced electric field breakdown and more intensive discharge characteristics than partially exposed and rounded-exposed ones. Our study also showed that the reduced electric field and heat release concentrated near the right upper tip of the powered electrode. The fully exposed electrode also led to stronger shock wave, higher heating temperature, and larger heated area.展开更多
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical found in a wide range of consumer products and consumables that humans are exposed to. The aim of this study was to determine BPA contamination levels in 51 milk samples sold ...Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical found in a wide range of consumer products and consumables that humans are exposed to. The aim of this study was to determine BPA contamination levels in 51 milk samples sold in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Bisphenol A was detected (≥limit of detection, LOD) in five of the analyzed samples (9.8%) and quantified (≥limit of quantification, LOQ) in two (3.8%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) for children aged up to 12 months ranged from 24.95 to 97.72 ng/kg body weight/day, lower than the established European Union tolerable daily intake value. Recent evidence, however, suggests that even low doses of endocrine disruptors such as BPA may pose potential health risks, even more so when exposure occurs at such an early life stage.展开更多
Twenty-eight environmental samples (eight well water, sixteen granitic rocks and four soils) were collected from different parts of Adham governorate (Adham, Haqal and Al-Jaizah), to assess the radiological hazard and...Twenty-eight environmental samples (eight well water, sixteen granitic rocks and four soils) were collected from different parts of Adham governorate (Adham, Haqal and Al-Jaizah), to assess the radiological hazard and cancer risk from different perspectives. Adham is situated in a valley between two granitic mountain chains, where much of water supply for drinking, house use and irrigation comes from wells collecting water rains. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th and radionuclides were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry for all samples using RGK-1, RGU-1 and RGTh-1, IAEA reference standards issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency, for detector efficiency calibration. The measured values were utilized to evaluate the internal and external exposures both outdoors and indoors. Different standard room models were adopted for this respect to evaluate the indoor gamma-rays exposure from construction materials as well as internal exposure to radon gas emanating from them. Radon concentration indoors, exceeded the upper reference level in dwellings set at 300 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> by the world health organization, in many scenarios. The mean value of the total excess lifetime cancer risk (due to external exposure from gamma-rays) was 2.29 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, above the world average value of 1.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. Furthermore, the measured radon concentrations in all water samples exceeded the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 11.1 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup> standard for drinking water, ranging from 12 to 38 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup> with a mean value of 27 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup>. The total annual effective dose (due to inhalation and ingestion) from radon in water, ranged from 58 to 192 μSv/y (for adults) exceeding the international permissible limit of 100 μSv/y, in seven out of eight samples. According to obtained results, the internal exposure from radon in directly used water from wells, might be the major reason of any suspected radiological health hazard especially in Haqal. The second reason might be the internal exposure from indoor radon gas inhalation in poorly ventilated dwellings.展开更多
Painting contractors have struggled with implementation and assessment of lead exposure controls leading to persistently elevated blood lead levels in this high-risk group of workers. The objective of this study was t...Painting contractors have struggled with implementation and assessment of lead exposure controls leading to persistently elevated blood lead levels in this high-risk group of workers. The objective of this study was to assess the intensity of lead exposures based on commonly used air velocities inside field containment structures during abrasive blasting and vacuuming. Exposures were assessed over 14 days from April to July 2021 at a tainter gate and bridge lead paint removal project. Personal air samples, skin wipes, air velocity readings, and blood lead samples were collected. The geometric mean (GM) lead exposure for abrasive blasters and vacuumers was ≥4 × the OSHA Lead Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. There was high variability in the personal lead exposures (Geometric standard deviation (GSD) 4.0 - 5.0). The GM hand wipe exposures exceeded a Dermal PEL of 500 μg/wipe (abrasive blaster 564 μg/wipe and vacuumer 754 μg/wipe). Residual lead was measured on workers’ hands in 67% of the post hand washing samples. Air velocities measured inside of the field containments ranged from 107 feet per minute to 229 feet per minute. The effect of air velocity on the concentration of lead on workers’ hands after work (F = 0.58, p = 0.35) and airborne lead concentration was not significant (F = 0.36, p = 0.48). Six of the eight workers’ blood lead levels increased after exposure to lead. There was a non-statistically significant relationship between lead remaining on workers’ hands after handwashing and an increase in blood lead level. This is the first study that assessed both ventilation flow rates used in the industrial painting industry and measurements of airborne and dermal (hands) lead exposures. For the projects evaluated, the collected exposure data indicate that air velocities frequently used in the industrial painting industry to ventilate field containment structures did not tend to prevent an increase in worker blood lead and were ineffective for adequately controlling elevated concentrations of airborne lead and preventing contact with workers’ hands.展开更多
Despite increasing alarms over the health impacts of microplastics(MPs)due to their detection in human organs and feces,precise exposure evaluations remain scarce.To comprehend their risks,there is a distinct need to ...Despite increasing alarms over the health impacts of microplastics(MPs)due to their detection in human organs and feces,precise exposure evaluations remain scarce.To comprehend their risks,there is a distinct need to prioritize quantitive estimates in MP exposome,particularly at the environmentallyrealistic level.Here we used a method rooted in real-world MP measurements and activity patterns to determine the daily intake of MPs through inhalation and from ground dust/soil ingestion.We found that nearly 80%of this intake comes from residential sectors,with activity intensity and behavioral types significantly affecting the human MP burden.The data showed a peak in MP exposure for those aged 18-64.When compared to dietary MP intake sources like seafood,salt,and water,we identified a previously underestimated exposure from inhalation and dust/soil ingestion,emphasizing the need for more realistic evaluations that incorporate activity factors.This discovery raises questions about the accuracy of past studies and underscores MP's potential health risks.Moreover,our time-based simulations revealed increased MP intake during the COVID-19 lockdown due to more surface dust ingestion,shedding light on how global health crises may inadvertently elevate MP exposure risks.展开更多
The interaction between humans and their environment significantly impacts the health of urban residents.However,there is limited research on assessing the spatiotemporal variations of human thermal exposure as well a...The interaction between humans and their environment significantly impacts the health of urban residents.However,there is limited research on assessing the spatiotemporal variations of human thermal exposure as well as inequalities and their relationships with greenspace based on remote sensing data,especially in developing countries.This study offers a framework utilizing pixel-wise data on land surface coolness index(LSCI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and population metrics to evaluate population-weighted thermal and greenspace exposures in China’s Greater Bay Area(GBA)over eleven years(2010–2020).It further examines thermal exposure inequality using the Gini index and explores both natural and socio-economical drivers of thermal exposure and its inequality.The results indicate an increasing trend of cities within the GBA being experiencing detrimental thermal conditions.Over the study period,the proportion of cities with high exposure to LSCI and NDVI exhibited a general decline.Approximately 63.6%of major cities observed growing imbalances in LSCI and NDVI exposures over eleven years.Notably,there were positive correlations between NDVI exposure and LSCI exposure,along with their associated inequalities.Moreover,coastal cities characterized by lower elevations,higher precipitation rates,and rapid economic growth experienced higher levels of LSCI and NDVI exposures yet these cities also demonstrated greater disparities.展开更多
China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environme...China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82304253)(and 82273709)the Foundation for Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022KQNCX021)the PhD Starting Project of Guangdong Medical University(Grant No.GDMUB2022054).
文摘Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
基金supported by grants from the Hong Kong Re-search Grants Council(General Research Fund Grants No.14605920,14611621,14606922,14603724Collaborative Research Fund Grant No.C4023-20GF+3 种基金Research Matching Grants RMG 8601219,8601242,3110151)RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship No.PDFS2425-4H01)a grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Re-search Grants Council Funding Schemes(Grant No.3133235)of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)grant from the Vice-Chancellor’s One-offDiscretionary Fund(Smart and Sustainable Cities:City of Commons)(4930787)of CUHK.
文摘To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.
文摘BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.
文摘The polystyrene (PS) materials tend to yellow over time. The yellowing phenomenon is an indicator of the material’s reduced performance and structural integrity. In the natural environment, sunlight is a major contributor to the yellowing, and elevated temperatures can accelerate the chemical reactions that lead to yellowing. The natural environmental factors are difficult to control, making it challenging to predict the yellowing process accurately. In this paper, we established a model to quantify the relationship between the yellowing index and key factors, solar radiation and temperature, from outdoor monitored climatic data. The model is trained and tested by the datasets collected from atmospheric exposure test stations located in Guangzhou and Qionghai. Same kinds of PS materials were exposed to external natural environments at the stations for one year. The parameters were estimated by least squares method. The results indicated that the model fits training and testing datasets well with R2 of 0.980 and 0.985, respectively.
基金supported by the Tienshan Talent Program in Xinjiang(Grant No.2023TSYCLJ0050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42122004)the West Light Founda-tion of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-202208).
文摘The increase in extreme precipitation(EP)may pose a serious threat to the health and safety of population in arid and semi-arid regions.The current research on the impact of EP on population in Central Asia(CA)is insufficient and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment.Hence,we opted for precipitation and temperature data under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)from ten Global Climate Models(GCMs),which were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP-CMIP6).By integrating population data in 2020 and 2050(SSP2 and SSP5),we investigated the future changes in EP and population exposure in CA under 1.5℃and 2℃global warming scenarios(GWSs).Our analysis indicates that EP in CA is projected to increase with global warming.Under the SSP5-8.5,the maximum daily precipitation(Rx1day)exhibits an average response rate to global warming of 3.58%/K(1.99-4.06%/K).With rising temperatures,an increasing number of areas and populations in CA will be impacted by EP,especially in the Fergana valley.Approximately 25%of the population(land area)in CA is exposed to Rx1day with increases of more than 8.31%(9.32%)under 1.5℃GWS and 14.18%(13.25%)under 2℃GWS.Controlling temperature rise can be effective in reducing population exposures to EP.For instance,limiting the temperature increase to 1.5℃instead of 2℃results in a 2.79%(1.75%-4.59%)reduction in population exposure to Rx1day.Finally,we found that climate change serves as the predominant factor influencing the population exposure to EP,while the role of population redistribution,although relatively minor,should not be disregarded.Particularly for prolonged drought,the role of population redistribution manifests negatively.
文摘A traditional belief widespread across the biomedical community was that dietary habits and genetic predisposition were the basic factors causing colorectal cancer.In more recent times,however,a growing evidence has shown that other determinants can be very important in increasing(or reducing) incidence of this malignancy.The hypothesis that environmental and occupational risk factors are associated with colorectal cancer is gaining ground,and high risks of colorectal cancer have been reported among workers in some industrial branches.The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic relationship between colorectal cancer and occupational exposures to several industrial activities,by means of a scientific literature review and meta-analysis.This work pointed out increased risks of colorectal cancer for labourers occupied in industries with a wide use of chemical compounds,such as leather(RR = 1.70,95%CI:1.24-2.34),basic metals(RR = 1.32,95%CI:1.07-1.65),plastic and rubber manufacturing(RR = 1.30,95%CI:0.98-1.71 and RR = 1.27,95%CI:0.92-1.76,respectively),besides workers in the sector of repair and installation of machinery exposed to asbestos(RR = 1.40,95%CI:1.07-1.84).Based on our results,the estimated crude excess risk fraction attributable to occupational exposure ranged from about 11% to about 15%.However,homogeneous pattern of association between colorectal cancer and industrial branches did not emerge from this review.
文摘Exposure to market risk is a core objective of the Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM)with a focus on systematic risk.However,traditional OLS Beta model estimations(Ordinary Least Squares)are plagued with several statistical issues.Moreover,the CAPM considers only one source of risk and supposes that investors only engage in similar behaviors.In order to analyze short and long exposures to different sources of risk,we developed a Time–Frequency Multi-Betas Model with ARMA-EGARCH errors(Auto Regressive Moving Average Exponential AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity).Our model considers gold,oil,and Fama–French factors as supplementary sources of risk and wavelets decompositions.We used 30 French stocks listed on the CAC40(Cotations Assistées Continues 40)within a daily period from 2005 to 2015.The conjugation of the wavelet decompositions and the parameters estimates constitutes decision-making support for managers by multiplying the interpretive possibilities.In the short-run,(“Noise Trader”and“High-Frequency Trader”)only a few equities are insensitive to Oil and Gold fluctuations,and the estimated Market Betas parameters are scant different compared to the Model without wavelets.Oppositely,in the long-run,(fundamentalists investors),Oil and Gold affect all stocks but their impact varies according to the Beta(sensitivity to the market).We also observed significant differences between parameters estimated with and without wavelets.
文摘The paper embarks to investigate the relationship between currency risk and stock prices of the oil and natural gas exploitation industry in the value-weighted Hushen-300 stock market, by applying the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model （CAPM） and nonlinear exchange rate exposure model to the Renminbi against US dollar. The results show that the currency exposure does vary in the oil-gas stock prices throughout the bull and bear market. The study suggests that the models of the equilibrium exchange rate exposure must be extended to considering the nonlinear exchange rate exposure, the regime periods of bull and bear market, and the industry types that is sensitive to the currency exposures. The nonlinear dynamic relationship between the exchange rate changes and the Chinese energy stock prices throughout the bull and bear market add to the recent empirical evidences that foreign exchange markets and stock markets are closely correlated.
文摘Revision knee arthroplasty is fraught with complications such as delayed wound healing, arthrofibrosis, increased chances of infection, instability and extensor mechanism disruption. The key to avoiding these complications is to handle the soft tissue with care and to have an adequate surgical exposure at the same time. As the number of revisions has gone up, there has been a renewed interest in getting the basics right to have an adequate surgical exposure. Numerous surgical approaches have been proposed and subsequently modified. We present a concise review of the various surgical approaches for a revision knee replacement.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2010CB631200 and 2010CB631206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51701212,50931004,51571196,51601192 and 51671188)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(SKLSP201747)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019-MS-336)。
文摘The effect of long-term thermal exposure on the tensile behavior of a high W content nickel-based superalloy K416B was investigated.The microstructure and the deformation characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,and the phase transformation of the alloy during long-term thermal exposure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns and differential thermal analysis.Results showed that after thermal exposure at 1000℃,the MC carbides in the K416 B alloy decomposed into M_(6)C.During tensile deformation,dislocations slipping inγmatrix crossed over the M_(6)C by Orowan bowing mechanism.With the increase of thermal exposure time,the secondary M_(6)C reduced greatly the yield strength of the alloy at room temperature.Meanwhile,the continuous distribution of the secondary M_(6)C with great brittleness in the grain boundary could become the main source of crack,which might change the fracture characteristic of the alloy from trans-granular to intergranular.
基金financially supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec Nature et technologies (FRQNT)
文摘Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(DE) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess DE exposures in workers at two underground gold mines, to compare exposure levels within and between the mines, and to compare different methods of measuring DE exposures, namely respirable combustible dust(RCD), elemental carbon(EC) and total carbon(TC). Ambient and personal breathing zone(PBZ) measurements were taken. Side-by-side monitoring of RCD and of the respirable fraction of EC and TC(EC_Rand TC_R) was carried out in the workers' breathing zone during full-shift work.Regarding ambient measurements, in addition to EC_R, TC_Rand RCD, a submicron aerosol fraction(less than 1 mm) of EC and TC was also sampled(EC_1and TC_1). Average ambient results of 240 mg/m^3 in RCD, 150 mg/m^3 in EC_Rand 210 mg/m^3 in TC_Rare obtained. Average PBZ results of 190 mg/m^3 in RCD,84 mg/m^3 in EC3Rand 150 mg/min TC_Rare obtained. Very good correlation is found between EC_Rand EC_1 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99(p < 0.01) calculated between the two logtransformed concentrations. No differences are reported between EC_Rand EC_1, nor between TC_Rand TC_1, since ratios are equal to 1.04, close to 1, in both cases. Highest exposures are reported for loadhaul-dump(LHD) and jumbo drill operators and conventional miners. Significant exposure differences are reported between mines for truck and LHD operators(p < 0.01). The average TC_R/EC_Rratio is 1.6 for PBZ results, and 1.3 for ambient results. The variability observed in the TC_R/EC_Rratio shows that interferences from non-diesel related organic carbon can skew the interpretation of results when relying only on TC data.
文摘Workers in many occupational settings areexposed to toxic chemicals and/or chemicalmixtures.Many of these chemicals or theirmetabolites are electrophilic genotoxic agentsand potential carcinogens which can covalentlybind to cellular nucleophiles such as DNA toform DNA adducts.DNA adducts,therefore,
文摘Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are employed in traditional health care workplaces face a serious danger that may threaten their life;it is their exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). In Lebanon, the introduction of a hospital accreditation system has put a particular emphasis on staff safety, and on the evaluation of professional practice (EPP) programs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 277 HCWs working in 4 general hospitals in South Lebanon. Objective: 1) describe the prevalence and the risk factors for occupational exposure to BBF among HCWs;2) evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCW concerning blood-borne pathogens and adherence to universal safety precautions. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.14 years (SD = 10.33), 57.4% were females. 43.3% of HCWs expressed that they use gloves all the time for every activeity of care. 67.1% were aware that needles should not be recapped after use;registered nurses and nursing students were more aware than physicians and nursing assistants (nurse) in this subject. 30% of HCWs declared having had at least one occupational exposure to BBF;62.7% of all accidental exposure was reported to the department responsible for managing exposures. Percutaneous injuries were the most frequently reported. Vaccination coverage was 88.4% for hepatitis B, and 48.4% against influenza. The source patient was tested in 43.4% of reported BBF exposures. Accidental exposure to BBF was more frequent in older people (OR = 3.42;p = 0.03) and the more experienced. Subjects working in intensive care unit ward reported more exposure to BBF (OR = 3;p = 0.04). Participants incurring exposure to BBF resorted to different measures after the injury suggesting a lack of a uniform policy for post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: Exposure to BBF represents an important and frequently preventable occupational hazard for HCWs in Lebanon that requires continuous EPP of HCWs, and a comprehensive approach for prevention and management.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11472221)funded by the 111 project of China
文摘Nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge actuators with powered electrodes of different exposures were investigated numerically by using a newly proposed plasma kinetic model. The governing equations include the coupled continuity plasma discharge equation, drift-diffusion equation, electron energy equation, Poisson＇s equation, and the Navier–Stokes equations.Powered electrodes of three different exposures were simulated to understand the effect of surface exposure on plasma discharge and surrounding flow field. Our study showed that the fully exposed powered electrode resulted in earlier reduced electric field breakdown and more intensive discharge characteristics than partially exposed and rounded-exposed ones. Our study also showed that the reduced electric field and heat release concentrated near the right upper tip of the powered electrode. The fully exposed electrode also led to stronger shock wave, higher heating temperature, and larger heated area.
文摘Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical found in a wide range of consumer products and consumables that humans are exposed to. The aim of this study was to determine BPA contamination levels in 51 milk samples sold in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Bisphenol A was detected (≥limit of detection, LOD) in five of the analyzed samples (9.8%) and quantified (≥limit of quantification, LOQ) in two (3.8%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) for children aged up to 12 months ranged from 24.95 to 97.72 ng/kg body weight/day, lower than the established European Union tolerable daily intake value. Recent evidence, however, suggests that even low doses of endocrine disruptors such as BPA may pose potential health risks, even more so when exposure occurs at such an early life stage.
文摘Twenty-eight environmental samples (eight well water, sixteen granitic rocks and four soils) were collected from different parts of Adham governorate (Adham, Haqal and Al-Jaizah), to assess the radiological hazard and cancer risk from different perspectives. Adham is situated in a valley between two granitic mountain chains, where much of water supply for drinking, house use and irrigation comes from wells collecting water rains. The activity concentrations of naturally occurring <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th and radionuclides were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry for all samples using RGK-1, RGU-1 and RGTh-1, IAEA reference standards issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency, for detector efficiency calibration. The measured values were utilized to evaluate the internal and external exposures both outdoors and indoors. Different standard room models were adopted for this respect to evaluate the indoor gamma-rays exposure from construction materials as well as internal exposure to radon gas emanating from them. Radon concentration indoors, exceeded the upper reference level in dwellings set at 300 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> by the world health organization, in many scenarios. The mean value of the total excess lifetime cancer risk (due to external exposure from gamma-rays) was 2.29 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, above the world average value of 1.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. Furthermore, the measured radon concentrations in all water samples exceeded the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 11.1 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup> standard for drinking water, ranging from 12 to 38 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup> with a mean value of 27 Bq·L<sup>-1</sup>. The total annual effective dose (due to inhalation and ingestion) from radon in water, ranged from 58 to 192 μSv/y (for adults) exceeding the international permissible limit of 100 μSv/y, in seven out of eight samples. According to obtained results, the internal exposure from radon in directly used water from wells, might be the major reason of any suspected radiological health hazard especially in Haqal. The second reason might be the internal exposure from indoor radon gas inhalation in poorly ventilated dwellings.
文摘Painting contractors have struggled with implementation and assessment of lead exposure controls leading to persistently elevated blood lead levels in this high-risk group of workers. The objective of this study was to assess the intensity of lead exposures based on commonly used air velocities inside field containment structures during abrasive blasting and vacuuming. Exposures were assessed over 14 days from April to July 2021 at a tainter gate and bridge lead paint removal project. Personal air samples, skin wipes, air velocity readings, and blood lead samples were collected. The geometric mean (GM) lead exposure for abrasive blasters and vacuumers was ≥4 × the OSHA Lead Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 50 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. There was high variability in the personal lead exposures (Geometric standard deviation (GSD) 4.0 - 5.0). The GM hand wipe exposures exceeded a Dermal PEL of 500 μg/wipe (abrasive blaster 564 μg/wipe and vacuumer 754 μg/wipe). Residual lead was measured on workers’ hands in 67% of the post hand washing samples. Air velocities measured inside of the field containments ranged from 107 feet per minute to 229 feet per minute. The effect of air velocity on the concentration of lead on workers’ hands after work (F = 0.58, p = 0.35) and airborne lead concentration was not significant (F = 0.36, p = 0.48). Six of the eight workers’ blood lead levels increased after exposure to lead. There was a non-statistically significant relationship between lead remaining on workers’ hands after handwashing and an increase in blood lead level. This is the first study that assessed both ventilation flow rates used in the industrial painting industry and measurements of airborne and dermal (hands) lead exposures. For the projects evaluated, the collected exposure data indicate that air velocities frequently used in the industrial painting industry to ventilate field containment structures did not tend to prevent an increase in worker blood lead and were ineffective for adequately controlling elevated concentrations of airborne lead and preventing contact with workers’ hands.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3105900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42206167)+3 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1410800)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701213)the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research of China(2022RCDW02)Sino-Norwegian cooperation project on capacity building for reducing plastic and microplastic pollution(SINOPLAST),ECNU“Future Scientist”incubation program(WLKXJ202004)and 111 Project from Ministry of Education,China(BP0820020).
文摘Despite increasing alarms over the health impacts of microplastics(MPs)due to their detection in human organs and feces,precise exposure evaluations remain scarce.To comprehend their risks,there is a distinct need to prioritize quantitive estimates in MP exposome,particularly at the environmentallyrealistic level.Here we used a method rooted in real-world MP measurements and activity patterns to determine the daily intake of MPs through inhalation and from ground dust/soil ingestion.We found that nearly 80%of this intake comes from residential sectors,with activity intensity and behavioral types significantly affecting the human MP burden.The data showed a peak in MP exposure for those aged 18-64.When compared to dietary MP intake sources like seafood,salt,and water,we identified a previously underestimated exposure from inhalation and dust/soil ingestion,emphasizing the need for more realistic evaluations that incorporate activity factors.This discovery raises questions about the accuracy of past studies and underscores MP's potential health risks.Moreover,our time-based simulations revealed increased MP intake during the COVID-19 lockdown due to more surface dust ingestion,shedding light on how global health crises may inadvertently elevate MP exposure risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52278108)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2024A1515011415,No.2023A1515012188)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science(No.2023ZB05,No.2023ZB04)。
文摘The interaction between humans and their environment significantly impacts the health of urban residents.However,there is limited research on assessing the spatiotemporal variations of human thermal exposure as well as inequalities and their relationships with greenspace based on remote sensing data,especially in developing countries.This study offers a framework utilizing pixel-wise data on land surface coolness index(LSCI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and population metrics to evaluate population-weighted thermal and greenspace exposures in China’s Greater Bay Area(GBA)over eleven years(2010–2020).It further examines thermal exposure inequality using the Gini index and explores both natural and socio-economical drivers of thermal exposure and its inequality.The results indicate an increasing trend of cities within the GBA being experiencing detrimental thermal conditions.Over the study period,the proportion of cities with high exposure to LSCI and NDVI exhibited a general decline.Approximately 63.6%of major cities observed growing imbalances in LSCI and NDVI exposures over eleven years.Notably,there were positive correlations between NDVI exposure and LSCI exposure,along with their associated inequalities.Moreover,coastal cities characterized by lower elevations,higher precipitation rates,and rapid economic growth experienced higher levels of LSCI and NDVI exposures yet these cities also demonstrated greater disparities.
基金funding from various sources,including the Zhejiang Province Health Innovative Talent Project(A0466)the International Cooperation Seed Program of Women’s Hospital,Zhejiang University(GH2022B008-01 and GH2024005)+3 种基金the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)Centre for Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Study of Environmental Risks(AI4ER,EP/S022961/1)the Start-up Grant from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore(NUHSRO/2024/045/Startup/06),and the US-China Fulbright Program.
文摘China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.
