Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor cos...Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor costs and the large size of the markets in the hostcountries.While these two economic factors seem quite展开更多
While the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)is associated with response to immune therapy,PD-L1-negative patients may still benefit from immune treatment.Programmed death ligand-2(PD-L2),another crucial im...While the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)is associated with response to immune therapy,PD-L1-negative patients may still benefit from immune treatment.Programmed death ligand-2(PD-L2),another crucial immune checkpoint molecule interacting with PD-1,correlates with the efficacy of various tumor immune therapies.This study investigates the expression of PD-L2 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients following anti-PD-1 therapy and its predictive value for clinical survival outcomes.Additionally,we explore the noninvasive,real-time,and dynamic quantitative analysis potential of PD-L2 positron emission tomography(PET)imaging in transplanted tumors.We utilized[^(68)Ga]Ga-labeled peptide HN11-1 for PD-L2 PET imaging.The results indicate a higher response rate to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients positive for both PD-L1 and PD-L2,with PD-L2 status independently predicting progression-free survival(PFS)with pembrolizumab treatment.Furthermore,[^(68)Ga]Ga-HN11-1 PET imaging demonstrates specificity in assessing PD-L2 status.Overall,we confirm the correlation between high PD-L2 expression and favorable PFS in NSCLC patients post anti-PD-1 therapy and highlight the promising potential of[^(68)Ga]Ga-HN11-1 as a specific tracer for PD-L2 in preclinical and initial human trials.展开更多
Adequate preliminary research is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on acupuncture.This paper proposes that prior to conducting a new RCT of acupuncture,an evidence-based rese...Adequate preliminary research is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on acupuncture.This paper proposes that prior to conducting a new RCT of acupuncture,an evidence-based research(EBR)approach and exploratory studies should be adopted to ensure value and avoid waste of research.EBR,defined as using systematic reviews of relevant clinical studies and obtain the perspectives of end users in a systematic and transparent way to justify research questions and inform trial design,is recommended as the first step before embarking on an acupuncture RCT to ensure its value and rationality.The subsequent exploratory studies can aid researchers in pre-evaluating the effect of acupuncture treatment protocols,identifying key factors that influence the outcome,and test trial feasibility for protocol optimization.This article elucidates the significance and implementation of the EBR approach and exploratory studies,with the aim of providing practical methods to enhance the quality of acupuncture RCTs。展开更多
文摘Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor costs and the large size of the markets in the hostcountries.While these two economic factors seem quite
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 91859207 and 81771873)the Science and Technology Innovation Team Talent Project of Hunan Province(Grant number 2021RC4056)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant number 2023JJ30976)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82372003)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant number GZC20233586).
文摘While the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)is associated with response to immune therapy,PD-L1-negative patients may still benefit from immune treatment.Programmed death ligand-2(PD-L2),another crucial immune checkpoint molecule interacting with PD-1,correlates with the efficacy of various tumor immune therapies.This study investigates the expression of PD-L2 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients following anti-PD-1 therapy and its predictive value for clinical survival outcomes.Additionally,we explore the noninvasive,real-time,and dynamic quantitative analysis potential of PD-L2 positron emission tomography(PET)imaging in transplanted tumors.We utilized[^(68)Ga]Ga-labeled peptide HN11-1 for PD-L2 PET imaging.The results indicate a higher response rate to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients positive for both PD-L1 and PD-L2,with PD-L2 status independently predicting progression-free survival(PFS)with pembrolizumab treatment.Furthermore,[^(68)Ga]Ga-HN11-1 PET imaging demonstrates specificity in assessing PD-L2 status.Overall,we confirm the correlation between high PD-L2 expression and favorable PFS in NSCLC patients post anti-PD-1 therapy and highlight the promising potential of[^(68)Ga]Ga-HN11-1 as a specific tracer for PD-L2 in preclinical and initial human trials.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:8197396882274660。
文摘Adequate preliminary research is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on acupuncture.This paper proposes that prior to conducting a new RCT of acupuncture,an evidence-based research(EBR)approach and exploratory studies should be adopted to ensure value and avoid waste of research.EBR,defined as using systematic reviews of relevant clinical studies and obtain the perspectives of end users in a systematic and transparent way to justify research questions and inform trial design,is recommended as the first step before embarking on an acupuncture RCT to ensure its value and rationality.The subsequent exploratory studies can aid researchers in pre-evaluating the effect of acupuncture treatment protocols,identifying key factors that influence the outcome,and test trial feasibility for protocol optimization.This article elucidates the significance and implementation of the EBR approach and exploratory studies,with the aim of providing practical methods to enhance the quality of acupuncture RCTs。
