Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based o...Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based on the new round of resource evaluation and exploration and development research in the western South China Sea, the in-depth research on underground oil and gas resources, surface development facilities, external factors and economic indexes are carried out to clarify the industrial layout of oil and gas development. The potential and prospect of oil and gas exploration and development were implemented, and the main external factors and corresponding measures affecting the planning were clarified in this paper. The economic evaluation model suitable for the region is established based on the analysis of internal rate of return, comprehensive barrel oil cost, critical price, financial net present value and other important indicators, and a set of planning and research methods suitable for the integration of exploration and development in the western South China Sea is finally formed. This method has been applied to the replacement reserve study of Weizhou X and Weizhou Y oil fields. It is found that the planned reserves and production are consistent with the actual ones, and good practical results have been achieved.展开更多
In the turn of 12th and 13th“Five-Year Plan”of China,the global oil and gas market changes greatly.In this regard,the target post-evaluation of the“12th Five-Year”oil and gas exploration and development planning w...In the turn of 12th and 13th“Five-Year Plan”of China,the global oil and gas market changes greatly.In this regard,the target post-evaluation of the“12th Five-Year”oil and gas exploration and development planning was conducted,which is of significant importance to scientifically and reasonably making the specific“13th Five-Year”oil and gas exploration and development target planning.The post-evaluation results indicate that,in the period of“12th Five-Year Plan”,the oil and gas exploration and development targets of China were satisfactorily completed,but some deficiencies still existed.For example,the target of oil production(2×10^(8)t)was overfulfilled,while the target of oil reserves(65×10^(8)t)remained 6.4%outstanding.The target of gas reserves(3.5×10^(12)m^(3))was overfulfilled,while the target of gas production(1385×10^(8)m^(3))remained 6.2%outstanding.Moreover,the targets of unconventional gases were not satisfactorily completed-shale gas being better than coalbed methane(CBM).Failures to fulfill some targets in“12th Five-Year Plan”were primarily attributed to the slowdown of oil and gas consumption growth,sharp drop of oil price,downgrading of resources,and changes of statistic basis under the new normal.The forecast results suggest that,in the period of“13th Five-Year Plan”,given USD50e70/bbl of world oil price,China's annual average incremental conventional oil and gas in place will be 10.0×10^(8)-12.0×10^(8)t and 6000×10^(8)-8000×10^(8)m^(3)respectively,annual average incremental shale gas and CBM in place will be 1000×10^(8)e2000×10^(8)m^(3)and 500×10^(8)e1000×10^(8)m^(3)respectively,and annual oil production will be about 2.0×10^(8)t.By 2020,China's annual gas production will approach 1800×10^(8)-2000×10^(8)m^(3)(shale gas:200×10^(8)m^(3),and CBM:150×10^(8)m^(3)).展开更多
China has made significant progress in the exploration and development of natural gas in the past 70 years,from the gas-poor country to the world’s sixth largest gas production country.In 1949,the annual gas output i...China has made significant progress in the exploration and development of natural gas in the past 70 years,from the gas-poor country to the world’s sixth largest gas production country.In 1949,the annual gas output in China was 1117×104 m3,the proved gas reserves were 3.85×108 m3,and the average annual gas consumption and available reserves of per person were 0.0206 m3 and 0.7107 m3,respectively.By 2018,the average domestic annual gas production per person was 114.8576 m3 and the reserves were 12011.08 m3,and the average domestic annual gas production and reserves per person in the past 70 years increased by 5575 times and 16900 times,respectively.The exploration and development of large gas fields is the main way to rapidly develop the natural gas industry.72 large gas fields have been discovered in China so far,mainly distributed in three basins,Sichuan(25),Ordos(13)and Tarim(10).In 2018,the total gas production of the large gas fields in these three basins was 1039.26×108 m3,accounting for 65%of the total gas production in China.By the end of 2018,the cumulative proved gas reserves of the 72 large gas fields had amounted to 124504×108 m3,accounting for 75%of the total national gas reserves(16.7×1012 m3).New theories of natural gas have promoted the development of China’s natural gas industry faster.Since 1979,the new theory of coal-derived gas has boosted the discovery of gas fields mainly from coal-measure source rocks in China.In 2018,the gas production of large coal-derived gas fields in China accounted for 50.93%and 75.47%of the total national gas production and total gas production of large gas fields,respectively.Guided by shale gas theories,shale gas fields such as Fuling,Changning,Weiyuan and Weirong have been discovered.In 2018,the total proved geological reserves of shale gas were 10455.67×108 m3,and the annual gas production was 108.8×108 m3,demonstrating a good prospect of shale gas in China.展开更多
Fifty-one large gas fields had been proved in China until 2013.Specifically,exploration characteristics of those discovered since 2000 are as follows:(1)Large gas fields are only found in basins with sedimentary area ...Fifty-one large gas fields had been proved in China until 2013.Specifically,exploration characteristics of those discovered since 2000 are as follows:(1)Large gas fields are only found in basins with sedimentary area larger than 10×10^(4) km^(2);(2)Large gas fields have been proved in 9 basins,with total proved reserves of 27085.88×10^(8) m^(3) before 2005,much less than that after 2005,which reached 81683.77×10^(8) m^(3) by the end of 2013;(3)The reserve abundance of large gas fields varies a lot.The Kela2 gas field has the largest reserve abundance of 59.05×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),which is 86 times that of the smallest reserve abundance,i.e.0.684×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2) of the Jingbian gas field;and(4)The reservoirs of large gas fields between 3000 m and 4500 m share a large proportion of proved reserves,accounting for 46.11%of the total.Development characteristics of the large gas fields in China are as follows:(1)The yield of large gas fields is essential to the natural gas industry of China.In 2013,the total yield was 922.72×10^(8) m^(3),accounting for 76.3%of the nation’s total natural gas yield;(2)The yield is dominated by coal-derived gas,which reached 710.13×10^(8) m^(3) in 2013,accounting for 77.0%of the total yield of large gas fields in China;and(3)The yield of key large gas fields(Sulige,Jingbian,Daniudi,Puguang,and Kela2)is fundamental in making China a major gas producer.展开更多
In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achi...In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.展开更多
文摘Under the requirement of high-quality development, the research method of integrated model planning for offshore oil and gas exploration and development suitable for the western South China Sea is put forward. Based on the new round of resource evaluation and exploration and development research in the western South China Sea, the in-depth research on underground oil and gas resources, surface development facilities, external factors and economic indexes are carried out to clarify the industrial layout of oil and gas development. The potential and prospect of oil and gas exploration and development were implemented, and the main external factors and corresponding measures affecting the planning were clarified in this paper. The economic evaluation model suitable for the region is established based on the analysis of internal rate of return, comprehensive barrel oil cost, critical price, financial net present value and other important indicators, and a set of planning and research methods suitable for the integration of exploration and development in the western South China Sea is finally formed. This method has been applied to the replacement reserve study of Weizhou X and Weizhou Y oil fields. It is found that the planned reserves and production are consistent with the actual ones, and good practical results have been achieved.
文摘In the turn of 12th and 13th“Five-Year Plan”of China,the global oil and gas market changes greatly.In this regard,the target post-evaluation of the“12th Five-Year”oil and gas exploration and development planning was conducted,which is of significant importance to scientifically and reasonably making the specific“13th Five-Year”oil and gas exploration and development target planning.The post-evaluation results indicate that,in the period of“12th Five-Year Plan”,the oil and gas exploration and development targets of China were satisfactorily completed,but some deficiencies still existed.For example,the target of oil production(2×10^(8)t)was overfulfilled,while the target of oil reserves(65×10^(8)t)remained 6.4%outstanding.The target of gas reserves(3.5×10^(12)m^(3))was overfulfilled,while the target of gas production(1385×10^(8)m^(3))remained 6.2%outstanding.Moreover,the targets of unconventional gases were not satisfactorily completed-shale gas being better than coalbed methane(CBM).Failures to fulfill some targets in“12th Five-Year Plan”were primarily attributed to the slowdown of oil and gas consumption growth,sharp drop of oil price,downgrading of resources,and changes of statistic basis under the new normal.The forecast results suggest that,in the period of“13th Five-Year Plan”,given USD50e70/bbl of world oil price,China's annual average incremental conventional oil and gas in place will be 10.0×10^(8)-12.0×10^(8)t and 6000×10^(8)-8000×10^(8)m^(3)respectively,annual average incremental shale gas and CBM in place will be 1000×10^(8)e2000×10^(8)m^(3)and 500×10^(8)e1000×10^(8)m^(3)respectively,and annual oil production will be about 2.0×10^(8)t.By 2020,China's annual gas production will approach 1800×10^(8)-2000×10^(8)m^(3)(shale gas:200×10^(8)m^(3),and CBM:150×10^(8)m^(3)).
基金Supported by the PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2013B-0601).
文摘China has made significant progress in the exploration and development of natural gas in the past 70 years,from the gas-poor country to the world’s sixth largest gas production country.In 1949,the annual gas output in China was 1117×104 m3,the proved gas reserves were 3.85×108 m3,and the average annual gas consumption and available reserves of per person were 0.0206 m3 and 0.7107 m3,respectively.By 2018,the average domestic annual gas production per person was 114.8576 m3 and the reserves were 12011.08 m3,and the average domestic annual gas production and reserves per person in the past 70 years increased by 5575 times and 16900 times,respectively.The exploration and development of large gas fields is the main way to rapidly develop the natural gas industry.72 large gas fields have been discovered in China so far,mainly distributed in three basins,Sichuan(25),Ordos(13)and Tarim(10).In 2018,the total gas production of the large gas fields in these three basins was 1039.26×108 m3,accounting for 65%of the total gas production in China.By the end of 2018,the cumulative proved gas reserves of the 72 large gas fields had amounted to 124504×108 m3,accounting for 75%of the total national gas reserves(16.7×1012 m3).New theories of natural gas have promoted the development of China’s natural gas industry faster.Since 1979,the new theory of coal-derived gas has boosted the discovery of gas fields mainly from coal-measure source rocks in China.In 2018,the gas production of large coal-derived gas fields in China accounted for 50.93%and 75.47%of the total national gas production and total gas production of large gas fields,respectively.Guided by shale gas theories,shale gas fields such as Fuling,Changning,Weiyuan and Weirong have been discovered.In 2018,the total proved geological reserves of shale gas were 10455.67×108 m3,and the annual gas production was 108.8×108 m3,demonstrating a good prospect of shale gas in China.
文摘Fifty-one large gas fields had been proved in China until 2013.Specifically,exploration characteristics of those discovered since 2000 are as follows:(1)Large gas fields are only found in basins with sedimentary area larger than 10×10^(4) km^(2);(2)Large gas fields have been proved in 9 basins,with total proved reserves of 27085.88×10^(8) m^(3) before 2005,much less than that after 2005,which reached 81683.77×10^(8) m^(3) by the end of 2013;(3)The reserve abundance of large gas fields varies a lot.The Kela2 gas field has the largest reserve abundance of 59.05×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2),which is 86 times that of the smallest reserve abundance,i.e.0.684×10^(8) m^(3)/km^(2) of the Jingbian gas field;and(4)The reservoirs of large gas fields between 3000 m and 4500 m share a large proportion of proved reserves,accounting for 46.11%of the total.Development characteristics of the large gas fields in China are as follows:(1)The yield of large gas fields is essential to the natural gas industry of China.In 2013,the total yield was 922.72×10^(8) m^(3),accounting for 76.3%of the nation’s total natural gas yield;(2)The yield is dominated by coal-derived gas,which reached 710.13×10^(8) m^(3) in 2013,accounting for 77.0%of the total yield of large gas fields in China;and(3)The yield of key large gas fields(Sulige,Jingbian,Daniudi,Puguang,and Kela2)is fundamental in making China a major gas producer.
文摘In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.
