Drilling,seismic and logging data were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the mound-shoal complexes in the platform margin of the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in the east side of...Drilling,seismic and logging data were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the mound-shoal complexes in the platform margin of the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in the east side of the Mianzhu-Changning intracratonic rift in the Sichuan Basin.The four understandings are:(1)The platform margin belt of the Deng 4 Member can be divided into three sections,northern,middle and southern;the middle section is at the core of the Gaoshiti-Moxi paleouplift and the structural high now,while the southern and northern sections are at the slope of the paleouplift and the structural lows now;the three sections have similar development characteristics and reservoir features of platform margin mound-shoal complex.(2)In the margin of the east side of the rift,there are several faults nearly perpendicular to the platform margin belt,the faults divide the platform margin belt into rugged paleo-landform,and the high part developed platform margin mound-shoal complexes and the reservoirs are good in physical properties,while the low part developed inter-beach depression and no mound-shoal complexes,where the reservoirs are poor in physical properties.(3)The six groups of faults nearly perpendicular to the platform margin belt divide the platform margin belt into seven large mound-shoal complexes which have similar hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and accumulation evolution process and are rich in petroleum.(4)The inter shoal depressions between the mound-shoal complexes are characterized by tighter lithology,which can block the updip direction of the mounds and shoals at the lower part of the slope of the paleouplift and are favorable for the later preservation of mound-shoal gas reservoirs.This has been proved by Well Jiaotan 1 and Heshen 2 drilled successfully.The mound-shoal complexes on the platform margin of the structural slope area have a good exploration prospect.展开更多
In recent years,encouraging progress has been made in the Middle Permian natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin e numerous wells have obtained high-yield industrial gas flows in the dolomite porous reservoir sec...In recent years,encouraging progress has been made in the Middle Permian natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin e numerous wells have obtained high-yield industrial gas flows in the dolomite porous reservoir sections in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation and the Qixia Formation,making the Middle Permian one of the most realistic replacement strata at present.In order to clarify the further exploration prospect of the basin,the Middle Permian depositional settings and prospective reservoir types were analyzed.The results show that:(1)the depositional environment was predominately open,shallow water;the paleogeomorphology was high in the west and low in the east,with bioclastic flat reservoirs more extensive in the middle-west part than the east part;crustal extension made Middle Permian deposits have good conditions for thermal water deposition and hydrothermal alteration;and(2)the prospect reservoirs for exploration were shoal facies dolomite porous reservoir of the Qixia Formation,thermal water dolomite porous reservoir and karst reservoir of the Maokou Formation,thus,dolomite porous reservoir was the most perspective target in the Middle Permian.It is concluded that Middle Permian limestone source rocks have large hydrocarbon generation intensity in the northern part of Western and Central Sichuan Basin and have the material basis for the formation of large-medium gas fields;the thick dolomite reservoir of the Qixia Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin is the most prospective reservoir in the Middle Permian;three types of reservoirs are distributed in the Central Sichuan Basin,and they are superimposed vertically with large exploration potential;JiangeeNanchongeFengdu region is located in the thermal sub-basin zone,where the thermal water dolomite reservoir of the Maokou formation is pervasive and superimposed on the karst reservoir of the Maokou Formation,showing good natural gas exploration prospects.展开更多
Deep marine carbonate rocks have become one of the key targets of onshore oil and gas exploration and development for reserves replacement in China.Further geological researches of such rocks may practically facilitat...Deep marine carbonate rocks have become one of the key targets of onshore oil and gas exploration and development for reserves replacement in China.Further geological researches of such rocks may practically facilitate the sustainable,steady and smooth development of the petroleum industry in the country.Therefore,through a deep investigation into the fundamental geological conditions of deep marine carbonate reservoirs,we found higher-than-expected resource potential therein,which may uncover large oil or gas fields.The findings were reflected in four aspects.Firstly,there are two kinds of hydrocarbon kitchens which were respectively formed by conventional source rocks and liquid hydrocarbons cracking that were detained in source rocks,and both of them can provide large-scale hydrocarbons.Secondly,as controlled by the bedding and interstratal karstification,as well as the burial and hydrothermal dolomitization,effective carbonate reservoirs may be extensively developed in the deep and ultra-deep strata.Thirdly,under the coupling action of progressive burial and annealing heating,some marine source rocks could form hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases,and large quantity of liquid hydrocarbons could be kept in late stage,contributing to rich oil and gas in such deep marine strata.Fourthly,large-scale uplifts were formed by the stacking of multi-episodic tectonism and oil and gas could be accumulated in three modes(i.e.,stratoid large-area reservoir-forming mode of karst reservoirs in the slope area of uplift,back-flow type large-area reservoir-forming mode of buried hill weathered crust karst reservoirs,and wide-range reservoir-forming mode of reef-shoal reservoirs);groups of stratigraphic and lithologic traps were widely developed in the areas of periclinal structures of paleohighs and continental margins.In conclusion,deep marine carbonate strata in China onshore contain the conditions for widely and intensively preserving hydrocarbons,so large oil or gas fields are expected.展开更多
In recent years,major breakthroughs have been made in natural gas exploration in deep and ultra-deep strata in the Sichuan Basin,but the overall successful rate is low.To further clarify the prospects there,it is nece...In recent years,major breakthroughs have been made in natural gas exploration in deep and ultra-deep strata in the Sichuan Basin,but the overall successful rate is low.To further clarify the prospects there,it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the previously discovered large-scale reef-shoal gasfields such as Puguang,Yuanba,Anyue and Longgang and deep shale gas discovery in Dingshan and Dongxi,southern Sichuan Basin.On one hand,large high-energy facies are the basis for controlling the development of large-scale reef-shoal reservoirs in conventional reef-shoal areas.The reservoir original porosity is high.The atmospheric freshwater dissolution in the early diagenetic stage,dolomitization,unconformity karst,and“poreefracture coupling”mainly control the development of secondary pores.The contribution of hydrothermalfluids to reservoir is double-sided,and such early pores can be preserved till present due to those retention processes such as early hydrocarbon charging.Apart from continuous preservation as the key factor,most gas reservoirs are featured by“near-source enrichment,phase transformation,and dynamic adjustment”.On the other hand,deep shale gas generally has the characteristics of“high pressure,high porosity,and high gas content”,that is,“overpressure and rich gas”.The key to the development of high-quality deep shales with high pores are“quartz compression retaining pore”and“reservoirfluid overpressure”.The weak tectonic effect in the late stage is the main reason for deep shale gas to maintain the“high pressure and high gas content”.In conclusion,technological advances like geological target identification and“sweet spot”prediction,as well as deep,high-temperature and high-pressure engineering processes,are the guarantee for efficient exploration of conventional and unconventional deep and ultra-deep natural gas,which has great potential in the Sichuan Basin.展开更多
A steady high yield natural gas flow was tapped in the Ordovician strata of Well Gucheng 6 drilled in the Gucheng lower uplift in the Tarim Basin in 2012,marking the discovery of another carbonate gas exploration fiel...A steady high yield natural gas flow was tapped in the Ordovician strata of Well Gucheng 6 drilled in the Gucheng lower uplift in the Tarim Basin in 2012,marking the discovery of another carbonate gas exploration field after the other two fields in the middle and northern Tarim Basin(the so called Tazhong and Tabei in the industry).The exploration in the Gucheng lower uplift has experienced three stages:the first stage,marine facies clastic exploration from 1995 to 2003,focusing on the Devonian Donghe sandstone lithologic traps,the Silurian overlapping lithologic traps,and the Upper Ordovician shelf slope turbidites;the second stage focusing on the reef shoal carbonate reservoirs from 2003 to 2006,during which oil and gas were first discovered in Well Gucheng 4;the third stage can be divided into two periods,in the first period,deeper insight into interbed karstification reservoir exploration,intense research on tricky seismic issues,selection of favorable zones,and 3D seismic deployment in advance laid a robust foundation for breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration;and during 2009-2012,through an in-depth investigation,Well Gucheng 6 was drilled,bringing about the major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in this study area.This success proves that the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Gucheng area have good geological conditions and broad prospect for oil and gas exploration,which give us enlightenment in three aspects:a.new insight into geologic understanding is the prerequisite of exploration breakthrough;b.addressing bottleneck technologies,and acquiring 3D seismic data are the guarantees of exploration breakthrough;and c.emancipation of mind and persistent exploration are key to the findings in new domains.展开更多
The Baguamiao superlarge gold deposit in Shaanxi Province is one of the typical cases in China that are hosted by sedimentary rocks. Explorers and researchers have discussed the gold mineralization enrichment conditio...The Baguamiao superlarge gold deposit in Shaanxi Province is one of the typical cases in China that are hosted by sedimentary rocks. Explorers and researchers have discussed the gold mineralization enrichment conditions by studying sulphur, oxygen, carbon, silicon stable isotopes and mineralizing fluid features of the Baguamiao gold deposit and proposed a hydrothermal sedimentation-magmatic reconstructing gold mineralization model featuring multi-sources of ore-forming materials and multistage mineralizations. In addition, prospecting for “Baguamiao-type” gold deposits was started in the Fengtai Basin and a great number of important prospecting targets such as Tonglinggou, Simaoling, Guoansi and Dachaigou were discovered.展开更多
In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achi...In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.展开更多
20162866 Li Jianxing(Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China);Chen Shefa A Comparison of Geological Mapping Between Geological Survey of Western Australia and China Geological Su...20162866 Li Jianxing(Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China);Chen Shefa A Comparison of Geological Mapping Between Geological Survey of Western Australia and China Geological Survey and Its Enlightenment for China’s Geological Mapping(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,34(12),2015,p.2143-2149,15refs.,with English abstract)展开更多
20162136Du Jianjun(Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard,Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100081,China);Ma Yinsheng New Generation 1∶5 000 000Map of Region Stability Evaluation in China(Journal o...20162136Du Jianjun(Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard,Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100081,China);Ma Yinsheng New Generation 1∶5 000 000Map of Region Stability Evaluation in China(Journal of Geomechanics,ISSN1006-6616,CN11-3672/P,21(3),2015,p.309-317,3illus.,2tables,14refs.)展开更多
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007-002)
文摘Drilling,seismic and logging data were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the mound-shoal complexes in the platform margin of the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in the east side of the Mianzhu-Changning intracratonic rift in the Sichuan Basin.The four understandings are:(1)The platform margin belt of the Deng 4 Member can be divided into three sections,northern,middle and southern;the middle section is at the core of the Gaoshiti-Moxi paleouplift and the structural high now,while the southern and northern sections are at the slope of the paleouplift and the structural lows now;the three sections have similar development characteristics and reservoir features of platform margin mound-shoal complex.(2)In the margin of the east side of the rift,there are several faults nearly perpendicular to the platform margin belt,the faults divide the platform margin belt into rugged paleo-landform,and the high part developed platform margin mound-shoal complexes and the reservoirs are good in physical properties,while the low part developed inter-beach depression and no mound-shoal complexes,where the reservoirs are poor in physical properties.(3)The six groups of faults nearly perpendicular to the platform margin belt divide the platform margin belt into seven large mound-shoal complexes which have similar hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and accumulation evolution process and are rich in petroleum.(4)The inter shoal depressions between the mound-shoal complexes are characterized by tighter lithology,which can block the updip direction of the mounds and shoals at the lower part of the slope of the paleouplift and are favorable for the later preservation of mound-shoal gas reservoirs.This has been proved by Well Jiaotan 1 and Heshen 2 drilled successfully.The mound-shoal complexes on the platform margin of the structural slope area have a good exploration prospect.
文摘In recent years,encouraging progress has been made in the Middle Permian natural gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin e numerous wells have obtained high-yield industrial gas flows in the dolomite porous reservoir sections in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation and the Qixia Formation,making the Middle Permian one of the most realistic replacement strata at present.In order to clarify the further exploration prospect of the basin,the Middle Permian depositional settings and prospective reservoir types were analyzed.The results show that:(1)the depositional environment was predominately open,shallow water;the paleogeomorphology was high in the west and low in the east,with bioclastic flat reservoirs more extensive in the middle-west part than the east part;crustal extension made Middle Permian deposits have good conditions for thermal water deposition and hydrothermal alteration;and(2)the prospect reservoirs for exploration were shoal facies dolomite porous reservoir of the Qixia Formation,thermal water dolomite porous reservoir and karst reservoir of the Maokou Formation,thus,dolomite porous reservoir was the most perspective target in the Middle Permian.It is concluded that Middle Permian limestone source rocks have large hydrocarbon generation intensity in the northern part of Western and Central Sichuan Basin and have the material basis for the formation of large-medium gas fields;the thick dolomite reservoir of the Qixia Formation in the Western Sichuan Basin is the most prospective reservoir in the Middle Permian;three types of reservoirs are distributed in the Central Sichuan Basin,and they are superimposed vertically with large exploration potential;JiangeeNanchongeFengdu region is located in the thermal sub-basin zone,where the thermal water dolomite reservoir of the Maokou formation is pervasive and superimposed on the karst reservoir of the Maokou Formation,showing good natural gas exploration prospects.
基金Special and Significant Project of National Science and Technology“Development of Large Oil/gas Fields and Coalbed Methane”(No.2011ZX05004-001).
文摘Deep marine carbonate rocks have become one of the key targets of onshore oil and gas exploration and development for reserves replacement in China.Further geological researches of such rocks may practically facilitate the sustainable,steady and smooth development of the petroleum industry in the country.Therefore,through a deep investigation into the fundamental geological conditions of deep marine carbonate reservoirs,we found higher-than-expected resource potential therein,which may uncover large oil or gas fields.The findings were reflected in four aspects.Firstly,there are two kinds of hydrocarbon kitchens which were respectively formed by conventional source rocks and liquid hydrocarbons cracking that were detained in source rocks,and both of them can provide large-scale hydrocarbons.Secondly,as controlled by the bedding and interstratal karstification,as well as the burial and hydrothermal dolomitization,effective carbonate reservoirs may be extensively developed in the deep and ultra-deep strata.Thirdly,under the coupling action of progressive burial and annealing heating,some marine source rocks could form hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases,and large quantity of liquid hydrocarbons could be kept in late stage,contributing to rich oil and gas in such deep marine strata.Fourthly,large-scale uplifts were formed by the stacking of multi-episodic tectonism and oil and gas could be accumulated in three modes(i.e.,stratoid large-area reservoir-forming mode of karst reservoirs in the slope area of uplift,back-flow type large-area reservoir-forming mode of buried hill weathered crust karst reservoirs,and wide-range reservoir-forming mode of reef-shoal reservoirs);groups of stratigraphic and lithologic traps were widely developed in the areas of periclinal structures of paleohighs and continental margins.In conclusion,deep marine carbonate strata in China onshore contain the conditions for widely and intensively preserving hydrocarbons,so large oil or gas fields are expected.
基金supported by the Special and Significant Project of National Science and Technology"Shale Gas Zone Target Evaluation and Exploration Technology"(No.:2017ZX05036)Distribution and Exploration Evalu-ation of Southern Marine Carbonate Large and Medium-Scale Oil and Gas Fields"(No:2017ZX05005-003).
文摘In recent years,major breakthroughs have been made in natural gas exploration in deep and ultra-deep strata in the Sichuan Basin,but the overall successful rate is low.To further clarify the prospects there,it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the previously discovered large-scale reef-shoal gasfields such as Puguang,Yuanba,Anyue and Longgang and deep shale gas discovery in Dingshan and Dongxi,southern Sichuan Basin.On one hand,large high-energy facies are the basis for controlling the development of large-scale reef-shoal reservoirs in conventional reef-shoal areas.The reservoir original porosity is high.The atmospheric freshwater dissolution in the early diagenetic stage,dolomitization,unconformity karst,and“poreefracture coupling”mainly control the development of secondary pores.The contribution of hydrothermalfluids to reservoir is double-sided,and such early pores can be preserved till present due to those retention processes such as early hydrocarbon charging.Apart from continuous preservation as the key factor,most gas reservoirs are featured by“near-source enrichment,phase transformation,and dynamic adjustment”.On the other hand,deep shale gas generally has the characteristics of“high pressure,high porosity,and high gas content”,that is,“overpressure and rich gas”.The key to the development of high-quality deep shales with high pores are“quartz compression retaining pore”and“reservoirfluid overpressure”.The weak tectonic effect in the late stage is the main reason for deep shale gas to maintain the“high pressure and high gas content”.In conclusion,technological advances like geological target identification and“sweet spot”prediction,as well as deep,high-temperature and high-pressure engineering processes,are the guarantee for efficient exploration of conventional and unconventional deep and ultra-deep natural gas,which has great potential in the Sichuan Basin.
文摘A steady high yield natural gas flow was tapped in the Ordovician strata of Well Gucheng 6 drilled in the Gucheng lower uplift in the Tarim Basin in 2012,marking the discovery of another carbonate gas exploration field after the other two fields in the middle and northern Tarim Basin(the so called Tazhong and Tabei in the industry).The exploration in the Gucheng lower uplift has experienced three stages:the first stage,marine facies clastic exploration from 1995 to 2003,focusing on the Devonian Donghe sandstone lithologic traps,the Silurian overlapping lithologic traps,and the Upper Ordovician shelf slope turbidites;the second stage focusing on the reef shoal carbonate reservoirs from 2003 to 2006,during which oil and gas were first discovered in Well Gucheng 4;the third stage can be divided into two periods,in the first period,deeper insight into interbed karstification reservoir exploration,intense research on tricky seismic issues,selection of favorable zones,and 3D seismic deployment in advance laid a robust foundation for breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration;and during 2009-2012,through an in-depth investigation,Well Gucheng 6 was drilled,bringing about the major breakthrough in oil and gas exploration in this study area.This success proves that the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the Gucheng area have good geological conditions and broad prospect for oil and gas exploration,which give us enlightenment in three aspects:a.new insight into geologic understanding is the prerequisite of exploration breakthrough;b.addressing bottleneck technologies,and acquiring 3D seismic data are the guarantees of exploration breakthrough;and c.emancipation of mind and persistent exploration are key to the findings in new domains.
文摘The Baguamiao superlarge gold deposit in Shaanxi Province is one of the typical cases in China that are hosted by sedimentary rocks. Explorers and researchers have discussed the gold mineralization enrichment conditions by studying sulphur, oxygen, carbon, silicon stable isotopes and mineralizing fluid features of the Baguamiao gold deposit and proposed a hydrothermal sedimentation-magmatic reconstructing gold mineralization model featuring multi-sources of ore-forming materials and multistage mineralizations. In addition, prospecting for “Baguamiao-type” gold deposits was started in the Fengtai Basin and a great number of important prospecting targets such as Tonglinggou, Simaoling, Guoansi and Dachaigou were discovered.
文摘In order to better promote the sustainable,effective and rapid development of natural gas business and the on-schedule realization of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal,this paper summarizes and reviews the achievements and experience in the development of natural gas industry in China.Then,the influence of energy environmental policies on the development of natural gas industry is analyzed,and domestic natural gas exploration and development situations are dissected.Finally,domestic natural gas exploration and development prospect is forecasted,and the corresponding development suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,under the commitment of the Paris Agreement and the strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,China's natural gas industry faces unprecedented development opportunities.Second,domestic natural gas is characterized by abundant resource bases,low proven rate of resource and clear target and field of reserve and production increase,but the complexity of the resources and the rise of exploration and development cost make it more difficult to realize the large-scale efficient increase of natural gas production.Third,nevertheless,in order to ensure national energy security and reach the dual goals of economic development and environmental protection,China continues to powerfully enhance domestic oil and gas exploration and development.According to the growth trend of new proved gas reserves,it is predicted that the domestic new proved gas reserves by 2040 will be 16×10^(12)-20×10^(12) m^(3),the peak natural gas production of 2900×108-3300×108 m^(3) will be reached in 2030,and the proven rate of recoverable gas resources will be around 14%,which indicates the sustainability of the development goal.In order to realize these development goals,five suggestions are put forward:(1)Maintain continuous and stable investment in exploration and development,so that new breakthroughs and discoveries can be achieved continuously in natural gas exploration and natural gas development can keep the production arrow upward while compensating the production decline;(2)Strengthen technological researches and make use of technological and managerial innovation to break through forbidden exploration areas and improve the development benefits of gas fields;(3)Enhance the comprehensive management of developed gas fields to increase their ultimate recovery factor;(4)Optimize domestic and foreign gas sources,conventional and unconventional gas compositions as a whole to improve the ability to deal with gas supply risks;(5)Provide taxation preferences and subsidy policies continuously for unconventional natural gas to speed up the large-scale benefit production increase of unconventional natural gas.
文摘20162866 Li Jianxing(Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China);Chen Shefa A Comparison of Geological Mapping Between Geological Survey of Western Australia and China Geological Survey and Its Enlightenment for China’s Geological Mapping(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,34(12),2015,p.2143-2149,15refs.,with English abstract)
文摘20162136Du Jianjun(Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard,Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100081,China);Ma Yinsheng New Generation 1∶5 000 000Map of Region Stability Evaluation in China(Journal of Geomechanics,ISSN1006-6616,CN11-3672/P,21(3),2015,p.309-317,3illus.,2tables,14refs.)
