目的数字视频通常经过压缩后传输,结合视频编码标准嵌入秘密信息是视频信息隐藏的主流技术。然而,现有基于HEVC(high-efficiency video coding)的视频信息隐藏技术存在码率增长过快、视频质量下降等问题。针对以上问题,提出结合恰可察...目的数字视频通常经过压缩后传输,结合视频编码标准嵌入秘密信息是视频信息隐藏的主流技术。然而,现有基于HEVC(high-efficiency video coding)的视频信息隐藏技术存在码率增长过快、视频质量下降等问题。针对以上问题,提出结合恰可察觉编码失真模型(JNCD)的HEVC大容量信息隐藏方法。方法 JNCD模型是一种面向HEVC视频编码的视觉感知模型。该模型充分考虑编码过程的模糊和块效应,有效去除视频感知冗余,在相同码率下可获得更高的主观感知质量。结合JNCD模型,调节I帧中编码单元(CU)的最优量化参数(QP)值,并利用基于方向调整(EMD)算法嵌入秘密信息,进一步增加信息隐藏容量。为了提高信息的安全性,用密钥对秘密信息进行置乱加密处理,在解码端只有持有该密钥的用户才能正确解密,获得秘密信息。结果实验使用HEVC参考软件HM16.0,选取分辨率不同的序列进行测试。结果表明,秘密信息嵌入后,视频测试序列的PSNR平均值为41.16 d B,与现有的信息隐藏方法相比,不仅保持较好的主观和客观视频质量,而且信息隐藏容量平均提升2倍左右。结论采用本方法在保证原视频图像的质量的情况下,能够有效增加信息隐藏的容量,并能够一定程度阻止码率增长,符合信息隐藏的不可见性、安全性和实时性要求。展开更多
The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosomal core particle, containing 147 bp of DNA that wraps twice around an octamer of core histones. The core histones bear a highly dynamic N-terminal amino acid tail around 20-...The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosomal core particle, containing 147 bp of DNA that wraps twice around an octamer of core histones. The core histones bear a highly dynamic N-terminal amino acid tail around 20-35 residues in length and rich in basic amino acids. These tails extending from the surface of nucleosome play an important role in folding of nucleosomal arrays into higher order chromatin structure, which plays an important role in eukaryotic gene regulation. The amino terminal tails protruding from the nuclesomes get modified by the addition of small groups such as methyl, acetyl and phosphoryl groups. In this review, we focus on these complex modi- fication patterns and their biological functions. Moreover, these modifications seem to be part of a complex scheme where distinct histone modifications act in a sequential manner or in combination to form a ＂histone code＂ read by other proteins to control the structure and/or function of the chromatin fiber. Errors in this histone code may be involved in many human diseases especially cancer, the nature of which could be therapeutically exploited. Increasing evidence suggests that many proteins bear multiple, distinct modifications, and the ability of one modification to antagonize or synergize the deposition of another can have significant biological consequences.展开更多
文摘目的数字视频通常经过压缩后传输,结合视频编码标准嵌入秘密信息是视频信息隐藏的主流技术。然而,现有基于HEVC(high-efficiency video coding)的视频信息隐藏技术存在码率增长过快、视频质量下降等问题。针对以上问题,提出结合恰可察觉编码失真模型(JNCD)的HEVC大容量信息隐藏方法。方法 JNCD模型是一种面向HEVC视频编码的视觉感知模型。该模型充分考虑编码过程的模糊和块效应,有效去除视频感知冗余,在相同码率下可获得更高的主观感知质量。结合JNCD模型,调节I帧中编码单元(CU)的最优量化参数(QP)值,并利用基于方向调整(EMD)算法嵌入秘密信息,进一步增加信息隐藏容量。为了提高信息的安全性,用密钥对秘密信息进行置乱加密处理,在解码端只有持有该密钥的用户才能正确解密,获得秘密信息。结果实验使用HEVC参考软件HM16.0,选取分辨率不同的序列进行测试。结果表明,秘密信息嵌入后,视频测试序列的PSNR平均值为41.16 d B,与现有的信息隐藏方法相比,不仅保持较好的主观和客观视频质量,而且信息隐藏容量平均提升2倍左右。结论采用本方法在保证原视频图像的质量的情况下,能够有效增加信息隐藏的容量,并能够一定程度阻止码率增长,符合信息隐藏的不可见性、安全性和实时性要求。
文摘The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosomal core particle, containing 147 bp of DNA that wraps twice around an octamer of core histones. The core histones bear a highly dynamic N-terminal amino acid tail around 20-35 residues in length and rich in basic amino acids. These tails extending from the surface of nucleosome play an important role in folding of nucleosomal arrays into higher order chromatin structure, which plays an important role in eukaryotic gene regulation. The amino terminal tails protruding from the nuclesomes get modified by the addition of small groups such as methyl, acetyl and phosphoryl groups. In this review, we focus on these complex modi- fication patterns and their biological functions. Moreover, these modifications seem to be part of a complex scheme where distinct histone modifications act in a sequential manner or in combination to form a ＂histone code＂ read by other proteins to control the structure and/or function of the chromatin fiber. Errors in this histone code may be involved in many human diseases especially cancer, the nature of which could be therapeutically exploited. Increasing evidence suggests that many proteins bear multiple, distinct modifications, and the ability of one modification to antagonize or synergize the deposition of another can have significant biological consequences.
