As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colo...As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetry and AlCl_(3)colorimetry to total flavonoids content of the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometry.At the same time,we determined hydroxyl radical(OH·-)inhibition rate,superoxide anion radical(O_(2)·-)inhibition rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical free radical(DPPH·)scavenging rate of total flavonoids extracted from Aronia melanocarpa.It is found that AlCl_(3)colorimetry has good repeatability,precision,and accuracy.The method is suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa.Thus,by the established method the content of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa was determined as high as(36.711±0.034)mg/g.The results of antioxidant activity showed superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging ability of the total flavonoids extract reached 45.33%,87.87%and 98.05%,respectively,indicating that it had good antioxidant activity.展开更多
Peanuts pods grow underground and mature unevenly, resulting that choosing the correct time to harvest is more complicated than other crops. Pod maturity can be determined by blasting with a pressure washer to remove ...Peanuts pods grow underground and mature unevenly, resulting that choosing the correct time to harvest is more complicated than other crops. Pod maturity can be determined by blasting with a pressure washer to remove outer skin of the pod (exocarp) to expose the color of the middle layer (mesocarp). The mesocarp color changes with maturity from white to yellow, orange, brown and finally black. The sum of percentage from orange, brown, and black mesocarp (OBB) color and black color (BL) represents the kernels that are mature enough to harvest. The goal of this research is to identify methodologies to estimate OBB and BL of the pods using RGB images taken in the field and validate the proposed model using other pod images. The Mahalanobis distance classification method was used to process sets of images and calculate pod area (number of pixels) corresponding to two classes (mesocarp and background) with nine different color groups. The results showed a performance of 94% effectiveness for mesocarp using Mahalanobis distance classification. Statistical regression for OBB and BL was developed based on 315 images of peanut pods taken from the field. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual OBB were 0.93 and 4.1%, respectively. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual BL were 0.88 and 1.8%, respectively. The validation of OBB using other images provided reasonable estimation (R2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 2.73%). This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for estimating peanut maturity using RGB imagery and Mahalanobis distance classification in the field. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of traditional methods and offers a robust alternative for real-time maturity assessment.展开更多
为探究银杏外种皮提取物(GBEE)对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的毒杀作用,本文测定了不同溶剂GBEE对3龄小菜蛾幼虫的胃毒活性和拒食活性,及其对小菜蛾幼虫3种解毒酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,3种溶剂提取GBEE对小菜蛾幼虫均有一定毒杀作...为探究银杏外种皮提取物(GBEE)对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的毒杀作用,本文测定了不同溶剂GBEE对3龄小菜蛾幼虫的胃毒活性和拒食活性,及其对小菜蛾幼虫3种解毒酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,3种溶剂提取GBEE对小菜蛾幼虫均有一定毒杀作用,其中甲醇银杏外种皮提取物对小菜蛾的24 h LC_(50)为216.884 mg/mL,48 h LC_(50)为48.781 mg/mL;12 h AFC_(50)为230.083 mg/mL,24 h AFC_(50)57.560 mg/mL。LC_(50)剂量下处理小菜蛾后,CarE、GSTs和MFO活性引导24 h降低,表现为抑制作用,之后活性诱导升高,表现为激活作用。综上所述,银杏外种皮提取物对小菜蛾具有一定的毒杀作用,主要作用方式为胃毒作用和拒食作用,CarE、GSTs和MFO 3种解毒酶活性表现为先降低后升高。展开更多
文摘As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetry and AlCl_(3)colorimetry to total flavonoids content of the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometry.At the same time,we determined hydroxyl radical(OH·-)inhibition rate,superoxide anion radical(O_(2)·-)inhibition rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical free radical(DPPH·)scavenging rate of total flavonoids extracted from Aronia melanocarpa.It is found that AlCl_(3)colorimetry has good repeatability,precision,and accuracy.The method is suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa.Thus,by the established method the content of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa was determined as high as(36.711±0.034)mg/g.The results of antioxidant activity showed superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging ability of the total flavonoids extract reached 45.33%,87.87%and 98.05%,respectively,indicating that it had good antioxidant activity.
文摘Peanuts pods grow underground and mature unevenly, resulting that choosing the correct time to harvest is more complicated than other crops. Pod maturity can be determined by blasting with a pressure washer to remove outer skin of the pod (exocarp) to expose the color of the middle layer (mesocarp). The mesocarp color changes with maturity from white to yellow, orange, brown and finally black. The sum of percentage from orange, brown, and black mesocarp (OBB) color and black color (BL) represents the kernels that are mature enough to harvest. The goal of this research is to identify methodologies to estimate OBB and BL of the pods using RGB images taken in the field and validate the proposed model using other pod images. The Mahalanobis distance classification method was used to process sets of images and calculate pod area (number of pixels) corresponding to two classes (mesocarp and background) with nine different color groups. The results showed a performance of 94% effectiveness for mesocarp using Mahalanobis distance classification. Statistical regression for OBB and BL was developed based on 315 images of peanut pods taken from the field. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual OBB were 0.93 and 4.1%, respectively. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual BL were 0.88 and 1.8%, respectively. The validation of OBB using other images provided reasonable estimation (R2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 2.73%). This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for estimating peanut maturity using RGB imagery and Mahalanobis distance classification in the field. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of traditional methods and offers a robust alternative for real-time maturity assessment.
文摘为探究银杏外种皮提取物(GBEE)对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的毒杀作用,本文测定了不同溶剂GBEE对3龄小菜蛾幼虫的胃毒活性和拒食活性,及其对小菜蛾幼虫3种解毒酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,3种溶剂提取GBEE对小菜蛾幼虫均有一定毒杀作用,其中甲醇银杏外种皮提取物对小菜蛾的24 h LC_(50)为216.884 mg/mL,48 h LC_(50)为48.781 mg/mL;12 h AFC_(50)为230.083 mg/mL,24 h AFC_(50)57.560 mg/mL。LC_(50)剂量下处理小菜蛾后,CarE、GSTs和MFO活性引导24 h降低,表现为抑制作用,之后活性诱导升高,表现为激活作用。综上所述,银杏外种皮提取物对小菜蛾具有一定的毒杀作用,主要作用方式为胃毒作用和拒食作用,CarE、GSTs和MFO 3种解毒酶活性表现为先降低后升高。
