As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colo...As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetry and AlCl_(3)colorimetry to total flavonoids content of the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometry.At the same time,we determined hydroxyl radical(OH·-)inhibition rate,superoxide anion radical(O_(2)·-)inhibition rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical free radical(DPPH·)scavenging rate of total flavonoids extracted from Aronia melanocarpa.It is found that AlCl_(3)colorimetry has good repeatability,precision,and accuracy.The method is suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa.Thus,by the established method the content of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa was determined as high as(36.711±0.034)mg/g.The results of antioxidant activity showed superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging ability of the total flavonoids extract reached 45.33%,87.87%and 98.05%,respectively,indicating that it had good antioxidant activity.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba is an economic tree species with broad applications in the ornamental,medicine,and food industry.To efficiently harness Ginkgo biloba seed exocarp(GBSE),an agricultural waste during seed production,this ...Ginkgo biloba is an economic tree species with broad applications in the ornamental,medicine,and food industry.To efficiently harness Ginkgo biloba seed exocarp(GBSE),an agricultural waste during seed production,this study established resin purification processes to prepare proanthocyanidins with different purities from GBSE for the first time.And,the structure,stability,antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity and in vitro digestibility of proanthocyanidins were comprehensively evaluated.The optimal resins and the fractions of low,medium,and high-purity proanthocyanidins(GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH)were DA201 resin and 10%-90%ethanol fractions,DA201 resin and 30%-60%ethanol fractions,and ADS7 resin and 40%-60%ethanol fractions,respectively.After optimization,the purities of GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH were 22.19%,45.01%,and 57.41%,respectively.The proanthocyanidins from GBSE may consist of procyanidin monomers and dimers.GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH exhibited better stability in the dark,at low temperature,in acid,in the presence of common metal ions at 0.1 and 1 mM,and in food additives(not containing sodium nitrite).They exhibited better inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,and Salmonella typhimurium,with GBSEL showing the superior efficacy.They also exhibited lower gastrointestinal digestibility compared to grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSP).GBSEH exhibited strong scavenging abilities of ABTS,DPPH and•OH radicals and the total reducing power,which were higher than the ascorbic acid(VC).These findings highlight the potential of GBSE as a sustainable source of proanthocyanidins for functional foods,dietary supplements,and pharmaceutical formulations,while addressing environmental and economic challenges associated with agricultural waste.展开更多
Color development in avocado fruits is a complex mechanism influenced by several factors.To understand this process,a comparative analysis was conducted between fruits of’Fuerte’and’Hass’avocado cultivars using me...Color development in avocado fruits is a complex mechanism influenced by several factors.To understand this process,a comparative analysis was conducted between fruits of’Fuerte’and’Hass’avocado cultivars using metabolomic approaches.Pigment content in the exocarp differs between cultivars,accumulating anthocyanins in’Hass’avocado.Carbohydrate abundance differed at ready-to-eat stage showing that’Hass’accumulated higher amounts of sucrose,mannoheptulose,and perseitol than‘Fuerte’in both tissues.Higher amounts of fatty acids were observed in both tissues of’Fuerte’.Polar metabolites indicated differences in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms between cultivars.Hormone analysis suggested that abscisic acid is involved in pigment biosynthesis.These findings showed that hormone and primary metabolites cross-talk plays an important role in color development in the exocarp and in the softening in the mesocarp of‘Hass’,opening new perspectives about this metabolic interplay and its relation to the development of the exocarp-mesocarp synchronization during ripening.展开更多
文摘As a kind of berry food rich in flavonoids,the determination method of total flavonoids content of Aronia melanocarpa is of great significance.This paper compares the applicability of NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH colorimetry and AlCl_(3)colorimetry to total flavonoids content of the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometry.At the same time,we determined hydroxyl radical(OH·-)inhibition rate,superoxide anion radical(O_(2)·-)inhibition rate and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical free radical(DPPH·)scavenging rate of total flavonoids extracted from Aronia melanocarpa.It is found that AlCl_(3)colorimetry has good repeatability,precision,and accuracy.The method is suitable for the determination of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa.Thus,by the established method the content of total flavonoids in the exocarp of Aronia melanocarpa was determined as high as(36.711±0.034)mg/g.The results of antioxidant activity showed superoxide anion radical scavenging ability,hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and DPPH radical scavenging ability of the total flavonoids extract reached 45.33%,87.87%and 98.05%,respectively,indicating that it had good antioxidant activity.
基金supported by the“Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Extension Project(LYKJ[2024]01)”.
文摘Ginkgo biloba is an economic tree species with broad applications in the ornamental,medicine,and food industry.To efficiently harness Ginkgo biloba seed exocarp(GBSE),an agricultural waste during seed production,this study established resin purification processes to prepare proanthocyanidins with different purities from GBSE for the first time.And,the structure,stability,antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity and in vitro digestibility of proanthocyanidins were comprehensively evaluated.The optimal resins and the fractions of low,medium,and high-purity proanthocyanidins(GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH)were DA201 resin and 10%-90%ethanol fractions,DA201 resin and 30%-60%ethanol fractions,and ADS7 resin and 40%-60%ethanol fractions,respectively.After optimization,the purities of GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH were 22.19%,45.01%,and 57.41%,respectively.The proanthocyanidins from GBSE may consist of procyanidin monomers and dimers.GBSEL,GBSEM,and GBSEH exhibited better stability in the dark,at low temperature,in acid,in the presence of common metal ions at 0.1 and 1 mM,and in food additives(not containing sodium nitrite).They exhibited better inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,and Salmonella typhimurium,with GBSEL showing the superior efficacy.They also exhibited lower gastrointestinal digestibility compared to grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSP).GBSEH exhibited strong scavenging abilities of ABTS,DPPH and•OH radicals and the total reducing power,which were higher than the ascorbic acid(VC).These findings highlight the potential of GBSE as a sustainable source of proanthocyanidins for functional foods,dietary supplements,and pharmaceutical formulations,while addressing environmental and economic challenges associated with agricultural waste.
基金supported by Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo(ANID)through the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnologico,ANID-FONDECYT N◦1220223 and N°1220484,ANIDFONDEQUIP EQM140074,ANID-REDESBIO0001 and ANID-MILENIOICN2021_044by the RTI2018-099139-B-C21 and PID2022-141851OB-I00 from Ministry of Science and Innovation(Spain)-National Research Agency(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)by“ERDF A way of making Europe”,of the European Union.P.Olmedo acknowledges the postdoctoral grant 2023 PUCV VINCI.G.Núnez-Lillo acknowledges Fondecyt N◦3210011 grant from ANID.R.Pedreschi and E.Aguayo are thankful to the grant of Fundacion Seneca(Murcia,Spain)through the‘Jimenez de la Espada’Program of Visiting Researchers.
文摘Color development in avocado fruits is a complex mechanism influenced by several factors.To understand this process,a comparative analysis was conducted between fruits of’Fuerte’and’Hass’avocado cultivars using metabolomic approaches.Pigment content in the exocarp differs between cultivars,accumulating anthocyanins in’Hass’avocado.Carbohydrate abundance differed at ready-to-eat stage showing that’Hass’accumulated higher amounts of sucrose,mannoheptulose,and perseitol than‘Fuerte’in both tissues.Higher amounts of fatty acids were observed in both tissues of’Fuerte’.Polar metabolites indicated differences in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms between cultivars.Hormone analysis suggested that abscisic acid is involved in pigment biosynthesis.These findings showed that hormone and primary metabolites cross-talk plays an important role in color development in the exocarp and in the softening in the mesocarp of‘Hass’,opening new perspectives about this metabolic interplay and its relation to the development of the exocarp-mesocarp synchronization during ripening.
