“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan...“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.展开更多
Given recent technological developments, ultrasound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of blood velocity/flow in the conduit artery with high temporal resolution. In human-applied science such as exercise physi...Given recent technological developments, ultrasound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of blood velocity/flow in the conduit artery with high temporal resolution. In human-applied science such as exercise physiology, hemodynamic measurements in the conduit artery is commonly performed by blood flow feeding the exercising muscle, as the increase in oxygen uptake (calculated as a product of arterial blood flow to the exercising limb and the arterio-venous oxygen difference) is directly proportional to the work performed. The increased oxygen demand with physical activity is met through a central mechanism, an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure, as well as a peripheral mechanism, an increase in vascular conductance and oxygen extraction (a major part of the whole exercising muscles) from the blood. The increase in exercising muscle blood flow in relation to the target workload (quantitative response) may be one indicator in circulatory adjustment for the ac- tivity of muscle metabolism. Therefore, the determination of local blood flow dynamics (potential oxygen supply) feeding repeated (rhythmic) muscle contractions can contribute to the understanding of the factors limiting work capacity including, for instance, muscle metabolism, substance utilization and magnitude of vasodilatation in the exercising muscle. Using non-invasive measures of pulsed Doppler ultrasound, the validity of blood velocity/flow in the forearm or lower limb conduit artery feeding to the muscle has been previously demonstrated during rhythmic muscle exercise. For the evaluation of exercising blood flow, not only muscle contraction induced internal physiological variability, or fluctuations in the magnitude of blood velocity due to spontaneous muscle contraction and relaxation induced changes in force curve intensity, superimposed in cardiac beat-by-beat, but also the alterations in the blood velocity (external variability) due to a temporary sudden change in the achieved workload, compared to the target workload, should be considered. Furthermore, a small amount of inconsistency in the voluntary muscle contraction force at each kick seems to be unavoidable, and may influence exercising muscle blood flow, although subjects attempt to perform precisely similar repeated voluntary muscle contractions at target workload (muscle contraction force). This review presents the methodological considerations for the variability of exercising blood velocity/flow in the limb conduit artery during dynamic leg exercise assessed by pulsed Doppler ultrasound in relation to data previously reported in original research.展开更多
Given the recent technological developments, ultra-sound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of arterial blood flow with high temporal resolution. In a clinical setting, measurements of hemodynamics is used to m...Given the recent technological developments, ultra-sound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of arterial blood flow with high temporal resolution. In a clinical setting, measurements of hemodynamics is used to monitor, diagnose and manage changes in blood velocity profile for cardiac valve disease, relatively large vessel stenosis and other cardiovascular diseases. In health science and preventive medicine for cardiovascular disease with exercise therapy, evaluation of cardiac and vascular function is a useful indicator not only at rest but also during exercise, leading to improved exercise tolerance as well as physical activity. During exercise, the increase in oxygen uptake (calculated as product of arterial blood flow to the exercising limb and the arteriovenous oxygen difference) is directly proportional to the work performed. The increased oxygen demand is met through a central mechanism, an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure, as well as a peripheral mechanism, an increase in vascular conductance and oxygen extraction (major part in the whole exercising muscles) from the blood. Therefore, the determination of the local blood flow dynamics (potential oxygen supply) feeding to rhythmic muscle contractions can contribute to the understanding of the factors limiting the work capacity including, for instance the muscle metabolism, substance utilization and vasodilatation in the exercising muscle. Using non-invasive measures of pulsed Doppler ultrasound the validity of evaluating blood velocity/flow in the fore- arm or lower limb conduit artery feeding to the mus- cle is demonstrated during rhythmic muscle exercise;however the exercising blood velocity profile (fast Fourier transformation) due to muscle contractions is always seen as a physiological variability or fluctuations in the magnitude in blood velocity due to the spontaneous muscle contraction and relaxation induced changes in force curve intensity. Considering the above mentioned variation in blood velocity in relation to muscle contractions may provide valuable information for evaluating the blood flow dynamics during exercise. This review presents the methodological concept that underlines the methodological considerations for determining the exercising blood velocity/flow in the limb conduit artery in relation the exercise model of dynamic leg exercise assessed by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.展开更多
The story goes back to October 24, 2003 when Xiong Dem-ing, a woman living in a poverty-stricken village in southwest China, was on herway back home with a sack of pig feed on her shoulder. She happened to meet Premie...The story goes back to October 24, 2003 when Xiong Dem-ing, a woman living in a poverty-stricken village in southwest China, was on herway back home with a sack of pig feed on her shoulder. She happened to meet Premier Wen Jiabao, who was visiting her village in Yunyang County, Chongqing展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the effect of pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus exercising on obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. Methods： We conducted a non-randomized retrospective clinical trial...Objective： To evaluate the effect of pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus exercising on obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. Methods： We conducted a non-randomized retrospective clinical trial of 75 patients with OSAHS. Fifty-four patients were managed by exercising of the pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus （exercising group）. Twenty-one patients, who refused to undertake any treatment, were defined as the control group. We took the Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS）, checked patients＇ polysomnography, and took 320- detector computed tomography （CT） before treatment. Six and twelve months later, we made records of apnea hypopnea index （AHI）, lowest arterial oxygen saturation （LSaO2）, body mass index （BMI）, the shortest sagittal diameter, and transverse diameter, and the effective rates of exercising were calculated and compared with the 21 patients without any treatment （control group） at the same time. SPSS 10.0 was used to analyze the data. Results： Before treatment, the ESS value was 7.67; 6 and 12 months later, the values were 3.54 and 3.25, respectively in the exercising group. AHI was decreased to 15.36 after 6 months and 13.79 after 12 months from 22.84 at the beginning. LSaO2 values were up to 81.18% after 6 months and 81.93% after 12 months from 74.05% at the beginning. There were significant differences in ESS scores, AHI, and LSaO2 between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the exercising group （P〈0.05）. However, there was no statistical difference in all the parameters between 6 and 12 months of exercising. The effective rates were 70.37% and 74.07% after 6- and 12-month exercising, respectively. There were significant differences between the exercising and control groups （P〈0.0001）. There was no statistical difference in the effective rate of the exercising group between 6 and 12 months of exercising （P〉0.05）. At 12 months of exercising, the compliance of the anteroposterior pharyngeal wall of the retropalatal area was lower （P〈0.01） than that before treatment. There was no significant change of BMI in either group. Conclusions： Exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus is a kind of non-invasive and cost-effective method to treat some OSAHS patients, especially those who are old, without surgical complications, and especially mild and moderate OSAHS patients who do not want to take surgery and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment. In addition, exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus can be considered as remedial treatment of OSAHS to surgery and other therapies.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a s...Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.展开更多
Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially...Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.展开更多
Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity o...Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.展开更多
1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR wer...Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neu...Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.展开更多
Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effec...Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Objective: This review aims to explore the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and its underlying mechanisms, summarizing recent research advances and focusing on the potential biological and ps...Objective: This review aims to explore the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and its underlying mechanisms, summarizing recent research advances and focusing on the potential biological and psychological pathways through which exercise exerts its anxiolytic effects.Methods: To ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant studies, we conducted a systematic search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, combining MeSH terms with free-text terms. Keywords included“exercise,” “physical activity,” and “anxiety disorder.”Results and conclusions: Current research widely supports exercise as a safe and effective intervention for anxiety.Both aerobic exercise and resistance training have shown significant anxiety-reducing effects across various populations. The mechanisms of action can be categorized into three main types: cellular and molecular mechanisms, systemic immune effects, and behavioral and cognitive pathways. Different forms of exercise have distinct advantages: aerobic exercise is suitable for the general population, resistance training is beneficial for individuals with coexisting physical conditions, and low-intensity exercises such as yoga and Tai Chi are suitable for pregnant women, the elderly, or postoperative recovery patients. Given its good safety profile and broad applicability, moderate exercise should be considered a first-line treatment for mild anxiety and an adjunctive intervention for moderate to severe anxiety. Future research should further clarify the mechanistic differences between various exercise modalities and promote the development of individualized exercise prescriptions.展开更多
Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly underst...Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespir...Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy...Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.展开更多
文摘“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.
文摘Given recent technological developments, ultrasound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of blood velocity/flow in the conduit artery with high temporal resolution. In human-applied science such as exercise physiology, hemodynamic measurements in the conduit artery is commonly performed by blood flow feeding the exercising muscle, as the increase in oxygen uptake (calculated as a product of arterial blood flow to the exercising limb and the arterio-venous oxygen difference) is directly proportional to the work performed. The increased oxygen demand with physical activity is met through a central mechanism, an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure, as well as a peripheral mechanism, an increase in vascular conductance and oxygen extraction (a major part of the whole exercising muscles) from the blood. The increase in exercising muscle blood flow in relation to the target workload (quantitative response) may be one indicator in circulatory adjustment for the ac- tivity of muscle metabolism. Therefore, the determination of local blood flow dynamics (potential oxygen supply) feeding repeated (rhythmic) muscle contractions can contribute to the understanding of the factors limiting work capacity including, for instance, muscle metabolism, substance utilization and magnitude of vasodilatation in the exercising muscle. Using non-invasive measures of pulsed Doppler ultrasound, the validity of blood velocity/flow in the forearm or lower limb conduit artery feeding to the muscle has been previously demonstrated during rhythmic muscle exercise. For the evaluation of exercising blood flow, not only muscle contraction induced internal physiological variability, or fluctuations in the magnitude of blood velocity due to spontaneous muscle contraction and relaxation induced changes in force curve intensity, superimposed in cardiac beat-by-beat, but also the alterations in the blood velocity (external variability) due to a temporary sudden change in the achieved workload, compared to the target workload, should be considered. Furthermore, a small amount of inconsistency in the voluntary muscle contraction force at each kick seems to be unavoidable, and may influence exercising muscle blood flow, although subjects attempt to perform precisely similar repeated voluntary muscle contractions at target workload (muscle contraction force). This review presents the methodological considerations for the variability of exercising blood velocity/flow in the limb conduit artery during dynamic leg exercise assessed by pulsed Doppler ultrasound in relation to data previously reported in original research.
基金supported by the Danish National Research Foundation Grant 504-14,Uehara Memorial Foundation in 2002,a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)in Scientific Research(No.16700471)the“Excellent Young Researchers Overseas Visit Program”in Scientific Research(No.21-8285)2010 from MEXT and JSPS.
文摘Given the recent technological developments, ultra-sound Doppler can provide valuable measurements of arterial blood flow with high temporal resolution. In a clinical setting, measurements of hemodynamics is used to monitor, diagnose and manage changes in blood velocity profile for cardiac valve disease, relatively large vessel stenosis and other cardiovascular diseases. In health science and preventive medicine for cardiovascular disease with exercise therapy, evaluation of cardiac and vascular function is a useful indicator not only at rest but also during exercise, leading to improved exercise tolerance as well as physical activity. During exercise, the increase in oxygen uptake (calculated as product of arterial blood flow to the exercising limb and the arteriovenous oxygen difference) is directly proportional to the work performed. The increased oxygen demand is met through a central mechanism, an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure, as well as a peripheral mechanism, an increase in vascular conductance and oxygen extraction (major part in the whole exercising muscles) from the blood. Therefore, the determination of the local blood flow dynamics (potential oxygen supply) feeding to rhythmic muscle contractions can contribute to the understanding of the factors limiting the work capacity including, for instance the muscle metabolism, substance utilization and vasodilatation in the exercising muscle. Using non-invasive measures of pulsed Doppler ultrasound the validity of evaluating blood velocity/flow in the fore- arm or lower limb conduit artery feeding to the mus- cle is demonstrated during rhythmic muscle exercise;however the exercising blood velocity profile (fast Fourier transformation) due to muscle contractions is always seen as a physiological variability or fluctuations in the magnitude in blood velocity due to the spontaneous muscle contraction and relaxation induced changes in force curve intensity. Considering the above mentioned variation in blood velocity in relation to muscle contractions may provide valuable information for evaluating the blood flow dynamics during exercise. This review presents the methodological concept that underlines the methodological considerations for determining the exercising blood velocity/flow in the limb conduit artery in relation the exercise model of dynamic leg exercise assessed by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.
文摘The story goes back to October 24, 2003 when Xiong Dem-ing, a woman living in a poverty-stricken village in southwest China, was on herway back home with a sack of pig feed on her shoulder. She happened to meet Premier Wen Jiabao, who was visiting her village in Yunyang County, Chongqing
基金supported by the Social Development of Science and Technology Program of Ningbo City(No.2010C50031)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(No.2013A610261),China
文摘Objective： To evaluate the effect of pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus exercising on obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS）. Methods： We conducted a non-randomized retrospective clinical trial of 75 patients with OSAHS. Fifty-four patients were managed by exercising of the pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus （exercising group）. Twenty-one patients, who refused to undertake any treatment, were defined as the control group. We took the Epworth Sleepiness Scale （ESS）, checked patients＇ polysomnography, and took 320- detector computed tomography （CT） before treatment. Six and twelve months later, we made records of apnea hypopnea index （AHI）, lowest arterial oxygen saturation （LSaO2）, body mass index （BMI）, the shortest sagittal diameter, and transverse diameter, and the effective rates of exercising were calculated and compared with the 21 patients without any treatment （control group） at the same time. SPSS 10.0 was used to analyze the data. Results： Before treatment, the ESS value was 7.67; 6 and 12 months later, the values were 3.54 and 3.25, respectively in the exercising group. AHI was decreased to 15.36 after 6 months and 13.79 after 12 months from 22.84 at the beginning. LSaO2 values were up to 81.18% after 6 months and 81.93% after 12 months from 74.05% at the beginning. There were significant differences in ESS scores, AHI, and LSaO2 between pre-treatment and post-treatment in the exercising group （P〈0.05）. However, there was no statistical difference in all the parameters between 6 and 12 months of exercising. The effective rates were 70.37% and 74.07% after 6- and 12-month exercising, respectively. There were significant differences between the exercising and control groups （P〈0.0001）. There was no statistical difference in the effective rate of the exercising group between 6 and 12 months of exercising （P〉0.05）. At 12 months of exercising, the compliance of the anteroposterior pharyngeal wall of the retropalatal area was lower （P〈0.01） than that before treatment. There was no significant change of BMI in either group. Conclusions： Exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus is a kind of non-invasive and cost-effective method to treat some OSAHS patients, especially those who are old, without surgical complications, and especially mild and moderate OSAHS patients who do not want to take surgery and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） treatment. In addition, exercising pharyngeal musculature and genioglossus can be considered as remedial treatment of OSAHS to surgery and other therapies.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472611)The“14th Five Year Plan”Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Chengdu Sport University(23CXTD02)Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China(2025-A028)。
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1104500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108002 and82225005 to JX and 82370277 to HW)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1422900 to HW and 23410750100 to JX)supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)International Partnering Award。
文摘Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32371244 and 92057118 to M.H.)and the 2023 Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan Leading Project(to M.H.)supported by the innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai(grant numbers SHSMUZDCX20212000 and SHSMU-ZDCX20211202 to M.H.)+1 种基金the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities to M.H.labsupported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(grant number 2025GXNSFAA069105 to M.H.).
文摘Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.
基金supported by an AIMS fellowship grant from the University of West Florida(04523:YL)partially by the National Institutes of Health grant under Award Number R16-GM149358the National Science Foundation grant DUE 2344997.
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.
基金MAF is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant(APP1194141)Research in his laboratory was supported by project grants from the NHMRC(APP1042465,APP1041760,and APP1156511).
文摘Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金Suppored by Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Physical Education and Sports Research Bureau Management Subjects (NJTY2023-104)Nanjing "Sports and Health Integration" New Model (JSYGY-3-2023-505)。
文摘Objective: This review aims to explore the efficacy of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and its underlying mechanisms, summarizing recent research advances and focusing on the potential biological and psychological pathways through which exercise exerts its anxiolytic effects.Methods: To ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant studies, we conducted a systematic search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, combining MeSH terms with free-text terms. Keywords included“exercise,” “physical activity,” and “anxiety disorder.”Results and conclusions: Current research widely supports exercise as a safe and effective intervention for anxiety.Both aerobic exercise and resistance training have shown significant anxiety-reducing effects across various populations. The mechanisms of action can be categorized into three main types: cellular and molecular mechanisms, systemic immune effects, and behavioral and cognitive pathways. Different forms of exercise have distinct advantages: aerobic exercise is suitable for the general population, resistance training is beneficial for individuals with coexisting physical conditions, and low-intensity exercises such as yoga and Tai Chi are suitable for pregnant women, the elderly, or postoperative recovery patients. Given its good safety profile and broad applicability, moderate exercise should be considered a first-line treatment for mild anxiety and an adjunctive intervention for moderate to severe anxiety. Future research should further clarify the mechanistic differences between various exercise modalities and promote the development of individualized exercise prescriptions.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(P01HL040962)。
文摘Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011703).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model(HBM)-based electronic education program combined with individualized supervised exercise in improving exercise adherence and pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational hypertension.Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen,China.A total of 142 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.The experimental group received routine antenatal care plus a 6-week HBM-based e-education intervention delivered via a mobile application and short messaging service(SMS)reminders,complemented by individualized in-person exercise guidance.The control group received routine antenatal care only.After the 6-week intervention,outcomes were assessed using the 6-min walk test,a disease knowledge and attitudes questionnaire,and the Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.Primary outcomes included exercise adherence,blood pressure control,incidence of preeclampsia,and other pregnancy-related outcomes.Results A total of 129 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=65],the control group[n=64]).At 6 weeks post-intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in exercise adherence,blood pressure control,preeclampsia incidence,disease-related knowledge and attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy(all P<0.05).Specifically,participants in the experimental group engaged in more frequent and longer-duration exercise sessions(P<0.05).Their blood pressure was maintained within a more stable and clinically optimal range(systolic:135.2±4.7 mmHg;diastolic:85.4±4.5 mmHg),which was significantly better than that of the control group(systolic:138.4±10.4 mmHg;diastolic:90.9±6.9 mmHg;P<0.05).The incidence of preeclampsia was also significantly lower in the experimental group(P<0.05).Additionally,scores for disease knowledge,attitudes,and exercise self-efficacy were higher in the experimental group(P<0.05).Within-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group showed significant improvements from baseline in exercise frequency,duration,total physical activity,and knowledge/attitude scores(P<0.05),whereas the control group showed no significant changes(P>0.05).Conclusion By embedding video-based education,real-time monitoring,and personalized support into routine prenatal care,this intervention facilitated positive behavioral changes in physical activity among pregnant women.The approach offers a scalable model for clinical nurses to delivering tailored remote exercise support for women with other pregnancy-related complications.
