Objective To investigate the effects of antihistamine agents, loratadine and ketotifen, on the model of exercise-induced asthma in guinea pigs with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and metyapone. Methods Nineteen guinea pig...Objective To investigate the effects of antihistamine agents, loratadine and ketotifen, on the model of exercise-induced asthma in guinea pigs with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and metyapone. Methods Nineteen guinea pigs were injected peritoneolly with LPS （ 1mg/kg, i. p. ） and metyapone （ 50mg/kg, i. p. ）. Then they were randomized into 3 groups. The control group （ n = 7） did not take any drug, ketotifen group （ n = 6） administered orally ketotifen （ Img·kg^-1· d^-1 ） and loratadine group （ n = 6） administered orally loratadine （ 2mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ） for 4 days. On thefifth day, lung resistance （RL） and dynamic compliance of respiratory system （Cdyn） of 3 groups were measured before and after exercise challenge. The total number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） from 3 groups was counted and differentiated cell type count was measured. Morphometric examination of the animal lungs was performed. Results In control group, RLincreased and Cdyn decreased significantly after exercise challenge. In ketotifen group and loratadine group with no change. There was a significant increase in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils in BALF from control group. The infiltration of neutrophils in the bronchial mucosa was shown in control group in the morphometric study. Conclusion Loratadine and ketotifen can inhibit the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs pretreated with LPS and metyrapone. Inhibiting the formation of inflammation in airway may be the therapeutic mechanism of these H-I receptor antagonists.展开更多
Background: There are links between physical exercise, fine particles and the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exercise-induced bronch...Background: There are links between physical exercise, fine particles and the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students of sciences and techniques of physical activities and sports (STAPS) exercising in a hot, humid and relatively polluted environment. Methods: Twenty-two first-year undergraduate students, including 11 in PE and 11 in SPORT, aged 21.64 ± 1.80 years, participated in a football match. Resting spirometry was performed before and 5 minutes after the match. During the match, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was measured every 10 minutes around the football pitch. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The diagnosis of EIB was based on a decrease in FEV1 of at least 10% after the match. If there was a decrease, the participant was considered susceptible to EIB. Results: Five subjects were positive for exercise-induced bronchospasm, a percentage of 22%. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were 34.22˚C ± 1.38˚C and 52.2% ± 4.97%, respectively. Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were between 53.3 - 115.5 µg/m3 and 75.5 - 168.2 µg/m3, respectively, exceeding WHO limits. Conclusion: These results show a high incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students without a history of asthma but exercising in a hot, humid and environment polluted by fine particles.展开更多
This article summarizes recent advances in the understanding of RNA-binding proteins(RBPs),with a focus on their roles in exercise-induced mRNA regulation and their implications for schizophrenia(SZ).RBPs are critical...This article summarizes recent advances in the understanding of RNA-binding proteins(RBPs),with a focus on their roles in exercise-induced mRNA regulation and their implications for schizophrenia(SZ).RBPs are critical regulators of mRNA stability,splicing,transport,translation,and degradation,directly influencing gene expression through sequence-and structure-specific binding.In the nervous system,RBPs sustain synaptic plasticity,neural development,and neuronal homeostasis.Emerging evidence shows that exercise modulates the expression and activity of RBPs,thereby influencing mRNA translation and neurotransmitter signaling,which may underlie its beneficial effects on brain function.Dysregulation of specific RBPs has been identified in SZ,implicating them in disrupted synaptic transmission,impaired plasticity,and neuroinflammation.RBPs involved in memory and emotional regulation show marked dysfunction in SZ patients.Some RBPs have been proposed as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring.Moreover,therapeutic modulation of RBPs,through pharmacological or behavioral interventions such as exercise,may restore neuronal function by targeting post-transcriptional gene regulation.Exercise,as a non-invasive modulator of RBP expression,holds promise as an adjunctive strategy in SZ treatment,particularly in early stages.Further research into RBP-mediated pathways may offer novel insights into SZ pathophysiology and inform the development of targeted interventions.展开更多
AIM:To comprehensively assess the relationship between asthma and myopia based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database combined with Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Initially,20497 ...AIM:To comprehensively assess the relationship between asthma and myopia based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database combined with Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Initially,20497 subjects from the complete questionnaire cycle in the NHANES database from 2005 to 2008 were included.By exclusion criteria,8460 subjects were screened with 1676 myopia samples and 6784 control samples.Subsequently,baseline characteristics,association analyses,risk stratification analyses,and receive operating characteristic curve(ROC)were used to investigate the associations between covariates and myopia.Then,the causal relationship was explored in depth by MR analysis,and was estimated the reliability by sensitivity analyses and directionality tests.RESULTS:Baseline characteristics illustrated a significant difference between myopia and controls for both asthma and covariates(excluding gender;P<0.05).The results in all three models indicated that asthma was strongly associated with myopia and the effect on myopia was not significantly confounded by other covariates[model 3:odd ratio(OR)=1.31;95%CI=1.07-1.62;P=0.0133].The risk stratification analysis again verified that asthma remained strongly associated with myopia and was a risk factor for myopia(P<0.05,OR>1).ROC proved that the model was accurate in its prediction[area under curve(AUC)=0.7].Subsequently,the causal relationship between them was statistically significant(P<0.05)according to the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method in MR.Scatterplot showed that asthma and myopia had significant positive causality and were not affected by confounders.Forest plot displayed an increasing risk of myopia on asthma(OR>1).The funnel plot demonstrated compliance with Mendel’s second law.Sensitivity analysis and directional analysis further confirmed the confidence of the MR analysis results and a unidirectional causal relationship between them.CONCLUSION:A significant association and causality between asthma and myopia is found through the NHANES database and MR analysis,which is important implications for public health policy development and clinical practice.展开更多
Objective To observe modulatory effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal （HPA） axis, thymus-exponent （TE）, γ-IFN and interleukin-2 （IL-2） in rats with exercise-induced immunosuppre...Objective To observe modulatory effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal （HPA） axis, thymus-exponent （TE）, γ-IFN and interleukin-2 （IL-2） in rats with exercise-induced immunosuppression. Methods Forty-three SD rats were randomly, by using digits, divided into three groups： group A, B and C. Group A （n=10） was taken as a control group. Rats in group B （n=17） accepted intense swimming exercise for 150 min each time, 6 times each week for 8 weeks. Rats in group C （n=16） accepted EA intervention following each swimming since the second week of swimming exercise with the same duration and times as those in group B. The indices reflecting functional states of the HPA axis such as hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone （CRH）, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）, corticosterone （CORT） etc. and changes in TE, serum γ-IFN, and IL-2 were determined. Results （1） Compared with group A, the values of ACTH and CORT in group B significantly increased （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, but no significant differences were found in group C （both P〉0.05） though they were somewhat elevated. Compared with group A, CRH values increased by 85.14% in group B and decreased by 64.09% in group C, respectively, but both differences were without statistical significance （both P〉0.05）. Serum IL-2, γ-IFN and TE values in group B were significantly lower than those in group A（P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）, among which γ-IFN decreased by 32.19%. The values of IL-2, γ-IFN and TE in group C tended to reduce but without significance, compared with group A. （2） Compared with group B, ACTH value in group C was very significantly lowered than that in group B （P〈0.01）, and CRH value was lower while CORT value was higher than those in group B but without significance （both P〉0.05）. The values of TE and γ-IFN in group C were significantly higher than those in group B （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） Long-term of intense exercise induces accentuation of functions of the HPA axis and sustained high level of CORT, resulting in neuroendocrine disturbance and inhibition of immune functions. （2） EA provides favorable modulation on long-term of intense exercise-induced lowering of immune function and on the HPA axis.展开更多
The occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue can be delayed and exercise endurance can be strengthened by removing lactic acid, decreasing serum creatine kinase, elevating hemoglobin, maintaining blood glucose, eliminat...The occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue can be delayed and exercise endurance can be strengthened by removing lactic acid, decreasing serum creatine kinase, elevating hemoglobin, maintaining blood glucose, eliminating free radical, regulating amino acid metabolism and retaining heart rate with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation （TEAS）. Problems in the above researching field are generalized in this paper. For instance, the point selection is relatively simple; the selection of wave band, frequency and duration during the application of TEAS apparatus are not unified; and observation indices mainly remained in the aspect of biochemistry. It also prospects the future directions of TEAS relieving exercise-induced fatigue including selecting acupuncture point by differentiation of symptoms and signs, setting uniform standards for TEAS, and studying the mechanisms of TEAS relieving exercise-induced fatigue by testing gonadal axis, adrenal axis, gene and protein .展开更多
Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domain-containing 5(FNDC5)protein.Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure,irisin stimulates browning of...Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domain-containing 5(FNDC5)protein.Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure,irisin stimulates browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)and uncoupling protein I(UCP1)expression,leading to an increase in total body energy expenditure by augmented UCPl-mediated thermogenesis.It is currently unknown whether irisin is secreted by bone upon exercise or whether it regulates bone metabolism in vivo.In this study,we found that 2 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise induced high levels of FNDC5 messenger RNA as well as FNDC5/irisin protein expression in murine bone tissues.Increased immunoreactivity due to exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin expression was detected in different regions of exercised femoral bones,including growth plate,trabecular bone,cortical bone,articular cartilage,and bone-tendon interface.Exercise also increased expression of osteogenic markers in bone and that of UCP1 in WAT,and led to bodyweight loss.Irisin intraperitoneal(IP)administration resulted in increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness and osteoblasts numbers,and concurrently induced UCP1 expression in subcutaneous WAT.Lentiviral FNDC5 IP administration increased cortical bone thickness.In vitro studies in bone cells revealed irisin increases osteoblastogenesis and mineralization,and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis.Taken together,our findings show that voluntary exercise increases irisin production in bone,and that an increase in circulating irisin levels enhances osteogenesis in mice.展开更多
Food-dependent,exercise-induced anaphylaxis(FDEIA)is a potentially life-threatening disorder that often occurs with exercise,and patients typically have eaten a specific food within hours before disease onset.This dis...Food-dependent,exercise-induced anaphylaxis(FDEIA)is a potentially life-threatening disorder that often occurs with exercise,and patients typically have eaten a specific food within hours before disease onset.This disease is exceedingly rare,with a prevalence of 0.02%.No well-recognized prevention or treatment strategy has been available for FDEIA except avoiding triggers strictly.Here we report an 11-year-old boy with a history of recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown etiology more than 10 times within two years.As the anaphylactic symptoms had not been controlled after traditional treatments,the patient was given subcutaneous injection of dupilumab seven times within 33 weeks.During dupilumab treatments,the patient was exposed to culprit mushrooms plus exercises at least twice a month but without notable anaphylaxis.Thus,dupilumab may improve the allergic reactions in FDEIA patients.展开更多
Background:Platelet rich plasma(PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury.However,the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not...Background:Platelet rich plasma(PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury.However,the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise-induced muscle damage.The purpose of this investigation the effects of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses and recovery strategy muscle damage induced by high intensity muscle exercise(exercise-induced muscle damage,EIMD).Methods:Moderately active male volunteers participated in this study and were assigned to a control group(control,n = 6) and PRP administration group(PRP,n = 6).The subjects performed exercise with a load of 80% one repetition maximum(1RM) maximal voluntary contraction of the elbow flexors until point of exhaustion of the non-dominant arm was reached.The arms were treated with saline or autologous PRP post-24 h EIMD.Venous blood samples were obtained in the morning to establish a baseline value and 1–4 days post-exercise and were analyzed for serum ferritin,iron,iron binding capacity(IBC),creatinine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Results:The baseline levels of plasma iron,ferritin,IBC,CK,LDH,AST,and ALT were similar in both the control and PRP groups.However,24-h following exercise a significant increase in these parameters was observed in both groups between 1 and 4 days during the recovery period.Interestingly,PRP administration decreased plasma iron levels compared to the control on the second day post-exercise.Plasma IBC increased in PRP group from Days 2 to 4 post-exercise compared to the control group whilst PRP administration had no effect on plasma ferritin,CK,AST,ALT,or LDH.Conclusion:Acute exhaustive exercise increased muscle damage markers,including plasma iron,IBC,and ferritin levels,indicating muscle damage induced by exercise.PRP administration improves inflammation by reversing the increase in the iron levels post-exercise without displaying any myotoxicity and may have a role to play in the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage.展开更多
BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showe...BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine,in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis(EIAn).CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative,with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS.CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.展开更多
To explore the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced local muscle fatigue in patients with idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease （PD）,we used surface electromyography to record myoelectric signals from the tibialis anter...To explore the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced local muscle fatigue in patients with idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease （PD）,we used surface electromyography to record myoelectric signals from the tibialis anterior muscle during isometric contraction-induced fatigue until exhaustion.The results revealed no significant differences between patients with idiopathic PD and healthy controls in maximum voluntary contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle.The basic characteristics of surface electromyography were also similar between the two groups.The duration of isometric contraction at 50% maximum voluntary contraction was shortened in PD patients.In addition,PD patients exhibited a stronger increase in mean square amplitude,but a weaker decrease in median frequency and mean power frequency compared with healthy controls during isometric contraction.The skeletal muscles of PD patients revealed specificity of surface electromyography findings,indicating increased fatigability compared with healthy controls.展开更多
Chronic neck pain(CNP)is a worldwide health problem with several risk factors.One of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise,which could generate a response called exercisei...Chronic neck pain(CNP)is a worldwide health problem with several risk factors.One of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise,which could generate a response called exerciseinduced hypoalgesia(EIH).There is no consensus on the best exercise modality to induce hypoalgesia.Therefore,this review aims to analyze and synthesize the state-of-the-art about the hypoalgesic effect of exercise in subjects with CNP.We included articles on EIH and CNP in patients older than 18 years,with pain for more than three months,where the EIH response was measured.Articles that studied CNP associated with comorbidities or measured the response to treatments other than exercise were excluded.The studies reviewed reported variable results.Exercise in healthy subjects has been shown to reduce indicators of pain sensitivity;however,in people with chronic pain,the response is variable.Some investigations reported adverse effects with increased pain intensity and decreased pain sensitivity,others found no clinical response,and some even reported EIH with decreased pain and increased sensitivity.EIH is an identifiable,stimulable,and helpful therapeutic response in people with pain.More research is still needed on subjects with CNP to clarify the protocols and therapeutic variables that facilitate the EIH phenomenon.In addition,it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence EIH in people with CNP.展开更多
Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can ...Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to observe the mechanism of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on gastrocnemius muscle in rats with exercise-induced muscle damage(EIMD).[Methods]The micro-injury model of skelet...[Objectives]This study was conducted to observe the mechanism of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on gastrocnemius muscle in rats with exercise-induced muscle damage(EIMD).[Methods]The micro-injury model of skeletal muscle was established by treadmill training.Forty two SD rats were randomly divided into a control group,1,12 and 24 h exercise groups,D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group,and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group,with 6 rats in each group.Various D.officinale groups were given the drug once in the morning and once in the evening at a dose of 2 ml/time,a week in advance.Except for the quiet group,the samples were collected from the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively,and the D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group were also sampled after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively.The contents of ATP,CK-MM and CK in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The histopathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle were observed by HE staining.PCR and Western-blot detection were carried out to analyze the effects of D.officinale on IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in gastrocnemius muscle.[Results]Compared with the quiet group,the ATP contents in the serum of rats in the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly increased(P<0.01).The expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the 1 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+1 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.05),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the 12 h exercise group,the D.officinale liquid+12 h exercise group showed a significant increase in ATP content(P<0.01),significant increases in IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue(P<0.01),and significant decreases in CK and CK-MM contents(P<0.01).Compared with the 24 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+24 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).From the pathological tissue morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats with EIMD treated with D.officinale,it could be concluded that the gastrocnemius muscle of each exercise group was significantly damaged,and the damage was significantly alleviated after administration of D.officinale liquid.[Conclusions]The effects and mechanism of D.officinale on prevention and treatment of EIMD in rats might be related to the promotion of IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in injured tissues by reducing ATP energy consumption,CK-MM and CK activity.展开更多
BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and diseas...BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease control.METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma,focusing on their impacts,mechanisms,and therapeutic implications.Various studies were assessed,which investigated the effect of glycemic control on asthma outcomes,lung function,and exacerbations.The study highlighted the role of specific diabetes medications in managing asthma.RESULTS The results showed that poor glycemic control in diabetes can exacerbate asthma,increase hospitalizations,and reduce lung function.Conversely,severe asthma,especially in obese individuals,can complicate diabetes management and make glycemic control more difficult.The diabetes-associated mechanisms,such as inflammation,microangiopathy,and oxidative stress,can exacerbate asthma and decrease lung function.Some diabetes medications exhibit anti-inflammatory effects that show promise in mitigating asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION The complex interrelationship between diabetes and asthma suggests bidirectional influences that affect disease course and outcomes.Inflammation and microvascular complications associated with diabetes may worsen asthma outcomes,while asthma severity,especially in obese individuals,complicates diabetes control.However,the current research has limitations,and more diverse longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and identify effective treatment strategies for individuals with both conditions.展开更多
Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is related to increased ventilation (VE) during exercise and describes the transient airway narrowing following exercise. A reliable diagnosis is essential for optimal treatm...Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is related to increased ventilation (VE) during exercise and describes the transient airway narrowing following exercise. A reliable diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment. The impact of a repeated exercise challenge test (ECT) in a clinical setting is not well established and conducting a repeated ECT with the possibility to adjust the exercise intensity on an individual basis may give more information. The aim of the study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of an ECT for EIB and its association with exercise intensity. Methods: After examination by a pulmonologist, 20 referred subjects with symptoms strong indications of Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction performed two consecutive exercise challenge tests on a treadmill. The exercise intensity of the repeated test was adjusted. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured before and 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15 minutes after exercise. EIB was defined as a reduction of ≥ 10% in FEV1. Ventilation and heart rate were measured during exercise. Results: Five subjects tested positive in both tests, and ten subjects tested negative in both tests. Three subjects tested positive in the first test only, while two subjects tested positive in the second test only. The exercise intensity was not significantly different between the two tests for any of the subjects. Conclusion: There were 25% divergences in the diagnostic results of two consecutive exercise challenge tests. The difference in the test results was not explained by a difference in the exercise intensity.展开更多
The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response t...The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response to airborne irritants,this chronic condition is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory factors and symptoms such as dyspnea,cough,wheezing,and chest tightness.Conventional asthma therapies,such as corticosteroids,long-actingβ-agonists,and antiinflammatory agents,often evoke diverse adverse reactions and fail to reduce symptoms and hospitalization rates over the long term effectively.These limitations have prompted researchers to explore innovative therapeutic strategies,including stem cell-related interventions,offering hope to those afflicted with this incurable disease.In this review,we describe the characteristics of stem cells and critically assess the potential and challenges of stem cell-based therapies to improve disease management and treatment outcomes for asthma and other diseases.展开更多
Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specif...Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specific subset of cytokines.In recent years,type 2 asthma has become the research hotspot in the field of asthma.For type 2 asthma,targeted therapies have become effective treatments and widely used in clinical practice.In order to further understand the progress of biologic drugs for bronchial asthma,as well as the disease outcomes in patients with type 2 asthma,and improve asthma control and remission,this article reviewed the progress and achievements of biologic drugs for asthma from May 1,2023 to April 30,2024,providing clinical perspective for the choosing appropriate targeted treatment of asthma.It also highlights selected poster pre-sentations from the ATS 2024 Annual Meeting to provide clinical insights for choosing appropriate targeted treatments for Type 2 asthma.展开更多
Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compou...Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compounds and LD50 study of aqueous extract of A.sativum were achieved using standard biochemical methods.Twenty-four(24)male Wistar rats averagely weighing between 168–255 g were grouped into four of six animals in each steel-metal cage.Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and positive groups respectively.Rats in groups 2–4 were sensitized and challenged with a combination of OVA and LPS.Groups 3 and 4 were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of aqueous extract of A.sativum respectively for two weeks.The effect of aqueous extracts of A.sativum in OVA and LPS-induced asthma on alterations in differential white blood cells,inflammatory cytokines,some serum biochemical as well as histological indicators of experimental rats were assessed.Results:The aqueous extract of 600 g of plant material yielded 74.1 g accounting for 11.9%of sample material used.The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed higher number of glycosides,flavonoids and phenols.The animals displayed zero behavioral adverse reaction when administered the aqueous extract up to the highest dose of 5,000 mg/kg b.w.Administrations of aqueous extract of A.sativum remarkably(P<0.05;95%confidence intervals CI)declined the levels of neutrophils,eosinophils and total white blood cell count as opposed to the untreated group.Levels of interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)of groups 3 and 4 had a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)varying percentage reduction(IL-4=39.78%,49.51%;IL-5=34.66%,40.05%;IL-13=31.96%,30.81%;33.45%,21.38%)respectively in comparison to group 2(untreated).The result showed a significantly(P<0.05,95%CI)declined malonaldehyde(MDA)concentration and elevated catalase,decreased glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity of the treatment groups compared to the untreated.Serum liver function enzymes including alkaline phosphatase,alanine transaminase,and aspartate transaminase in the groups receiving aqueous extract of A.sativum exhibited a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)reduction in levels compared to group 2(untreated).Conclusion:Findings from this study indicated that aqueous extracts of A.sativum have the potential to improve asthma symptoms by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and mitigating oxidative stress.This effect could enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids,including cortisone,hydrocortisone,dexamethasone,and prednisone,as well as bronchodilators,leukotriene modifiers,and biologic therapies.Further studies need to be carried out on human subjects and also expanded to other respiratory disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019.展开更多
The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA t...The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA therapy,including the precise optimization of nonselective toβ2-selective agonists,im-provement from short-acting to ultra-long-acting agents,shift from targeted monotherapy to combination regimens,and alterations in drug formulation.Additionally,this review summarizes recent advances in acupuncture treatment for asthma,including the development of novel targeted therapies,application of acupuncture-based combination regimens,and optimization of the mode of administration.Taken to-gether,this article discusses key insights from research on AA that inform acupuncture approaches,with a focus on:(1)precision targeting:identifying acupuncture-specific targets to improve efficacy;(2)syn-ergistic treatment:employing multi-target combination regimens to enhance therapeutic outcomes;(3)formulation innovation:advancing acupuncture delivery methods to improve patient compliance;and(4)evidence-based development:strengthening clinical research to generate high-quality evidence to inform the discovery of novel targets and treatment strategies for asthma.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of antihistamine agents, loratadine and ketotifen, on the model of exercise-induced asthma in guinea pigs with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and metyapone. Methods Nineteen guinea pigs were injected peritoneolly with LPS （ 1mg/kg, i. p. ） and metyapone （ 50mg/kg, i. p. ）. Then they were randomized into 3 groups. The control group （ n = 7） did not take any drug, ketotifen group （ n = 6） administered orally ketotifen （ Img·kg^-1· d^-1 ） and loratadine group （ n = 6） administered orally loratadine （ 2mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ） for 4 days. On thefifth day, lung resistance （RL） and dynamic compliance of respiratory system （Cdyn） of 3 groups were measured before and after exercise challenge. The total number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） from 3 groups was counted and differentiated cell type count was measured. Morphometric examination of the animal lungs was performed. Results In control group, RLincreased and Cdyn decreased significantly after exercise challenge. In ketotifen group and loratadine group with no change. There was a significant increase in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils in BALF from control group. The infiltration of neutrophils in the bronchial mucosa was shown in control group in the morphometric study. Conclusion Loratadine and ketotifen can inhibit the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs pretreated with LPS and metyrapone. Inhibiting the formation of inflammation in airway may be the therapeutic mechanism of these H-I receptor antagonists.
文摘Background: There are links between physical exercise, fine particles and the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students of sciences and techniques of physical activities and sports (STAPS) exercising in a hot, humid and relatively polluted environment. Methods: Twenty-two first-year undergraduate students, including 11 in PE and 11 in SPORT, aged 21.64 ± 1.80 years, participated in a football match. Resting spirometry was performed before and 5 minutes after the match. During the match, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was measured every 10 minutes around the football pitch. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The diagnosis of EIB was based on a decrease in FEV1 of at least 10% after the match. If there was a decrease, the participant was considered susceptible to EIB. Results: Five subjects were positive for exercise-induced bronchospasm, a percentage of 22%. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were 34.22˚C ± 1.38˚C and 52.2% ± 4.97%, respectively. Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were between 53.3 - 115.5 µg/m3 and 75.5 - 168.2 µg/m3, respectively, exceeding WHO limits. Conclusion: These results show a high incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in students without a history of asthma but exercising in a hot, humid and environment polluted by fine particles.
文摘This article summarizes recent advances in the understanding of RNA-binding proteins(RBPs),with a focus on their roles in exercise-induced mRNA regulation and their implications for schizophrenia(SZ).RBPs are critical regulators of mRNA stability,splicing,transport,translation,and degradation,directly influencing gene expression through sequence-and structure-specific binding.In the nervous system,RBPs sustain synaptic plasticity,neural development,and neuronal homeostasis.Emerging evidence shows that exercise modulates the expression and activity of RBPs,thereby influencing mRNA translation and neurotransmitter signaling,which may underlie its beneficial effects on brain function.Dysregulation of specific RBPs has been identified in SZ,implicating them in disrupted synaptic transmission,impaired plasticity,and neuroinflammation.RBPs involved in memory and emotional regulation show marked dysfunction in SZ patients.Some RBPs have been proposed as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring.Moreover,therapeutic modulation of RBPs,through pharmacological or behavioral interventions such as exercise,may restore neuronal function by targeting post-transcriptional gene regulation.Exercise,as a non-invasive modulator of RBP expression,holds promise as an adjunctive strategy in SZ treatment,particularly in early stages.Further research into RBP-mediated pathways may offer novel insights into SZ pathophysiology and inform the development of targeted interventions.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.825RC898)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center。
文摘AIM:To comprehensively assess the relationship between asthma and myopia based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database combined with Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS:Initially,20497 subjects from the complete questionnaire cycle in the NHANES database from 2005 to 2008 were included.By exclusion criteria,8460 subjects were screened with 1676 myopia samples and 6784 control samples.Subsequently,baseline characteristics,association analyses,risk stratification analyses,and receive operating characteristic curve(ROC)were used to investigate the associations between covariates and myopia.Then,the causal relationship was explored in depth by MR analysis,and was estimated the reliability by sensitivity analyses and directionality tests.RESULTS:Baseline characteristics illustrated a significant difference between myopia and controls for both asthma and covariates(excluding gender;P<0.05).The results in all three models indicated that asthma was strongly associated with myopia and the effect on myopia was not significantly confounded by other covariates[model 3:odd ratio(OR)=1.31;95%CI=1.07-1.62;P=0.0133].The risk stratification analysis again verified that asthma remained strongly associated with myopia and was a risk factor for myopia(P<0.05,OR>1).ROC proved that the model was accurate in its prediction[area under curve(AUC)=0.7].Subsequently,the causal relationship between them was statistically significant(P<0.05)according to the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method in MR.Scatterplot showed that asthma and myopia had significant positive causality and were not affected by confounders.Forest plot displayed an increasing risk of myopia on asthma(OR>1).The funnel plot demonstrated compliance with Mendel’s second law.Sensitivity analysis and directional analysis further confirmed the confidence of the MR analysis results and a unidirectional causal relationship between them.CONCLUSION:A significant association and causality between asthma and myopia is found through the NHANES database and MR analysis,which is important implications for public health policy development and clinical practice.
基金Supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation Project: 050042740
文摘Objective To observe modulatory effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal （HPA） axis, thymus-exponent （TE）, γ-IFN and interleukin-2 （IL-2） in rats with exercise-induced immunosuppression. Methods Forty-three SD rats were randomly, by using digits, divided into three groups： group A, B and C. Group A （n=10） was taken as a control group. Rats in group B （n=17） accepted intense swimming exercise for 150 min each time, 6 times each week for 8 weeks. Rats in group C （n=16） accepted EA intervention following each swimming since the second week of swimming exercise with the same duration and times as those in group B. The indices reflecting functional states of the HPA axis such as hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone （CRH）, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）, corticosterone （CORT） etc. and changes in TE, serum γ-IFN, and IL-2 were determined. Results （1） Compared with group A, the values of ACTH and CORT in group B significantly increased （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, but no significant differences were found in group C （both P〉0.05） though they were somewhat elevated. Compared with group A, CRH values increased by 85.14% in group B and decreased by 64.09% in group C, respectively, but both differences were without statistical significance （both P〉0.05）. Serum IL-2, γ-IFN and TE values in group B were significantly lower than those in group A（P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）, among which γ-IFN decreased by 32.19%. The values of IL-2, γ-IFN and TE in group C tended to reduce but without significance, compared with group A. （2） Compared with group B, ACTH value in group C was very significantly lowered than that in group B （P〈0.01）, and CRH value was lower while CORT value was higher than those in group B but without significance （both P〉0.05）. The values of TE and γ-IFN in group C were significantly higher than those in group B （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） Long-term of intense exercise induces accentuation of functions of the HPA axis and sustained high level of CORT, resulting in neuroendocrine disturbance and inhibition of immune functions. （2） EA provides favorable modulation on long-term of intense exercise-induced lowering of immune function and on the HPA axis.
基金Supported by Shanghai Sports Technology Soaring Program: 09 Tf015
文摘The occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue can be delayed and exercise endurance can be strengthened by removing lactic acid, decreasing serum creatine kinase, elevating hemoglobin, maintaining blood glucose, eliminating free radical, regulating amino acid metabolism and retaining heart rate with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation （TEAS）. Problems in the above researching field are generalized in this paper. For instance, the point selection is relatively simple; the selection of wave band, frequency and duration during the application of TEAS apparatus are not unified; and observation indices mainly remained in the aspect of biochemistry. It also prospects the future directions of TEAS relieving exercise-induced fatigue including selecting acupuncture point by differentiation of symptoms and signs, setting uniform standards for TEAS, and studying the mechanisms of TEAS relieving exercise-induced fatigue by testing gonadal axis, adrenal axis, gene and protein .
基金supported by a R01DE21464 through the National Institutes of Healthan Innovation in Oral Care Award through International Association for Dental Research and Glaxo Smith Kline Consumer Healthcare+2 种基金an Award through International Team of Implantology to JCby GZUCM Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(2016KYTD10)GZUCM Torch Program(A1-AFD015142Z08)to JZ
文摘Irisin is a polypeptide hormone derived from the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin-type III domain-containing 5(FNDC5)protein.Once released to circulation upon exercise or cold exposure,irisin stimulates browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)and uncoupling protein I(UCP1)expression,leading to an increase in total body energy expenditure by augmented UCPl-mediated thermogenesis.It is currently unknown whether irisin is secreted by bone upon exercise or whether it regulates bone metabolism in vivo.In this study,we found that 2 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise induced high levels of FNDC5 messenger RNA as well as FNDC5/irisin protein expression in murine bone tissues.Increased immunoreactivity due to exercise-induced FNDC5/irisin expression was detected in different regions of exercised femoral bones,including growth plate,trabecular bone,cortical bone,articular cartilage,and bone-tendon interface.Exercise also increased expression of osteogenic markers in bone and that of UCP1 in WAT,and led to bodyweight loss.Irisin intraperitoneal(IP)administration resulted in increased trabecular and cortical bone thickness and osteoblasts numbers,and concurrently induced UCP1 expression in subcutaneous WAT.Lentiviral FNDC5 IP administration increased cortical bone thickness.In vitro studies in bone cells revealed irisin increases osteoblastogenesis and mineralization,and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis.Taken together,our findings show that voluntary exercise increases irisin production in bone,and that an increase in circulating irisin levels enhances osteogenesis in mice.
文摘Food-dependent,exercise-induced anaphylaxis(FDEIA)is a potentially life-threatening disorder that often occurs with exercise,and patients typically have eaten a specific food within hours before disease onset.This disease is exceedingly rare,with a prevalence of 0.02%.No well-recognized prevention or treatment strategy has been available for FDEIA except avoiding triggers strictly.Here we report an 11-year-old boy with a history of recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown etiology more than 10 times within two years.As the anaphylactic symptoms had not been controlled after traditional treatments,the patient was given subcutaneous injection of dupilumab seven times within 33 weeks.During dupilumab treatments,the patient was exposed to culprit mushrooms plus exercises at least twice a month but without notable anaphylaxis.Thus,dupilumab may improve the allergic reactions in FDEIA patients.
文摘Background:Platelet rich plasma(PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury.However,the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise-induced muscle damage.The purpose of this investigation the effects of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses and recovery strategy muscle damage induced by high intensity muscle exercise(exercise-induced muscle damage,EIMD).Methods:Moderately active male volunteers participated in this study and were assigned to a control group(control,n = 6) and PRP administration group(PRP,n = 6).The subjects performed exercise with a load of 80% one repetition maximum(1RM) maximal voluntary contraction of the elbow flexors until point of exhaustion of the non-dominant arm was reached.The arms were treated with saline or autologous PRP post-24 h EIMD.Venous blood samples were obtained in the morning to establish a baseline value and 1–4 days post-exercise and were analyzed for serum ferritin,iron,iron binding capacity(IBC),creatinine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Results:The baseline levels of plasma iron,ferritin,IBC,CK,LDH,AST,and ALT were similar in both the control and PRP groups.However,24-h following exercise a significant increase in these parameters was observed in both groups between 1 and 4 days during the recovery period.Interestingly,PRP administration decreased plasma iron levels compared to the control on the second day post-exercise.Plasma IBC increased in PRP group from Days 2 to 4 post-exercise compared to the control group whilst PRP administration had no effect on plasma ferritin,CK,AST,ALT,or LDH.Conclusion:Acute exhaustive exercise increased muscle damage markers,including plasma iron,IBC,and ferritin levels,indicating muscle damage induced by exercise.PRP administration improves inflammation by reversing the increase in the iron levels post-exercise without displaying any myotoxicity and may have a role to play in the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage.
文摘BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine,in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis(EIAn).CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative,with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS.CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.
文摘To explore the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced local muscle fatigue in patients with idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease （PD）,we used surface electromyography to record myoelectric signals from the tibialis anterior muscle during isometric contraction-induced fatigue until exhaustion.The results revealed no significant differences between patients with idiopathic PD and healthy controls in maximum voluntary contraction of the tibialis anterior muscle.The basic characteristics of surface electromyography were also similar between the two groups.The duration of isometric contraction at 50% maximum voluntary contraction was shortened in PD patients.In addition,PD patients exhibited a stronger increase in mean square amplitude,but a weaker decrease in median frequency and mean power frequency compared with healthy controls during isometric contraction.The skeletal muscles of PD patients revealed specificity of surface electromyography findings,indicating increased fatigability compared with healthy controls.
文摘Chronic neck pain(CNP)is a worldwide health problem with several risk factors.One of the most widely used treatments for managing this condition is therapeutic exercise,which could generate a response called exerciseinduced hypoalgesia(EIH).There is no consensus on the best exercise modality to induce hypoalgesia.Therefore,this review aims to analyze and synthesize the state-of-the-art about the hypoalgesic effect of exercise in subjects with CNP.We included articles on EIH and CNP in patients older than 18 years,with pain for more than three months,where the EIH response was measured.Articles that studied CNP associated with comorbidities or measured the response to treatments other than exercise were excluded.The studies reviewed reported variable results.Exercise in healthy subjects has been shown to reduce indicators of pain sensitivity;however,in people with chronic pain,the response is variable.Some investigations reported adverse effects with increased pain intensity and decreased pain sensitivity,others found no clinical response,and some even reported EIH with decreased pain and increased sensitivity.EIH is an identifiable,stimulable,and helpful therapeutic response in people with pain.More research is still needed on subjects with CNP to clarify the protocols and therapeutic variables that facilitate the EIH phenomenon.In addition,it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence EIH in people with CNP.
文摘Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZYDCHZ[2019]42)National Key R&D Plan(2019YFC1712500)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(QKHHBZ[2020]3003),QSKH[2019006].
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to observe the mechanism of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo on gastrocnemius muscle in rats with exercise-induced muscle damage(EIMD).[Methods]The micro-injury model of skeletal muscle was established by treadmill training.Forty two SD rats were randomly divided into a control group,1,12 and 24 h exercise groups,D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group,and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group,with 6 rats in each group.Various D.officinale groups were given the drug once in the morning and once in the evening at a dose of 2 ml/time,a week in advance.Except for the quiet group,the samples were collected from the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively,and the D.officinale 2 ml+1 h exercise group,D.officinale 2 ml+12 h exercise group and D.officinale 2 ml+24 h exercise group were also sampled after anesthesia following 1,12 and 24 h of exercise for the last time,respectively.The contents of ATP,CK-MM and CK in rat serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The histopathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle were observed by HE staining.PCR and Western-blot detection were carried out to analyze the effects of D.officinale on IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in gastrocnemius muscle.[Results]Compared with the quiet group,the ATP contents in the serum of rats in the 1,12 and 24 h exercise groups significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly increased(P<0.01).The expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the 1 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+1 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.05),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the 12 h exercise group,the D.officinale liquid+12 h exercise group showed a significant increase in ATP content(P<0.01),significant increases in IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue(P<0.01),and significant decreases in CK and CK-MM contents(P<0.01).Compared with the 24 h exercise group,the ATP content and IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the D.officinale liquid+24 h exercise group significantly increased(P<0.01),while the CK and CK-MM contents significantly decreased(P<0.01).From the pathological tissue morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats with EIMD treated with D.officinale,it could be concluded that the gastrocnemius muscle of each exercise group was significantly damaged,and the damage was significantly alleviated after administration of D.officinale liquid.[Conclusions]The effects and mechanism of D.officinale on prevention and treatment of EIMD in rats might be related to the promotion of IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression in injured tissues by reducing ATP energy consumption,CK-MM and CK activity.
文摘BACKGROUND The relationship between diabetes mellitus(DM)and asthma is complex and can impact disease trajectories.AIM To explore the bidirectional influences between the two conditions on clinical outcomes and disease control.METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between DM and asthma,focusing on their impacts,mechanisms,and therapeutic implications.Various studies were assessed,which investigated the effect of glycemic control on asthma outcomes,lung function,and exacerbations.The study highlighted the role of specific diabetes medications in managing asthma.RESULTS The results showed that poor glycemic control in diabetes can exacerbate asthma,increase hospitalizations,and reduce lung function.Conversely,severe asthma,especially in obese individuals,can complicate diabetes management and make glycemic control more difficult.The diabetes-associated mechanisms,such as inflammation,microangiopathy,and oxidative stress,can exacerbate asthma and decrease lung function.Some diabetes medications exhibit anti-inflammatory effects that show promise in mitigating asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION The complex interrelationship between diabetes and asthma suggests bidirectional influences that affect disease course and outcomes.Inflammation and microvascular complications associated with diabetes may worsen asthma outcomes,while asthma severity,especially in obese individuals,complicates diabetes control.However,the current research has limitations,and more diverse longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and identify effective treatment strategies for individuals with both conditions.
文摘Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is related to increased ventilation (VE) during exercise and describes the transient airway narrowing following exercise. A reliable diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment. The impact of a repeated exercise challenge test (ECT) in a clinical setting is not well established and conducting a repeated ECT with the possibility to adjust the exercise intensity on an individual basis may give more information. The aim of the study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of an ECT for EIB and its association with exercise intensity. Methods: After examination by a pulmonologist, 20 referred subjects with symptoms strong indications of Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction performed two consecutive exercise challenge tests on a treadmill. The exercise intensity of the repeated test was adjusted. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was measured before and 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15 minutes after exercise. EIB was defined as a reduction of ≥ 10% in FEV1. Ventilation and heart rate were measured during exercise. Results: Five subjects tested positive in both tests, and ten subjects tested negative in both tests. Three subjects tested positive in the first test only, while two subjects tested positive in the second test only. The exercise intensity was not significantly different between the two tests for any of the subjects. Conclusion: There were 25% divergences in the diagnostic results of two consecutive exercise challenge tests. The difference in the test results was not explained by a difference in the exercise intensity.
基金the Joint Innovation Project Funds of Huaqiao University,No.2022YX001.
文摘The global incidence of asthma,a leading respiratory disorder affecting more than 235 million people,has dramatically increased in recent years.Characterized by chronic airway inflammation and an imbalanced response to airborne irritants,this chronic condition is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory factors and symptoms such as dyspnea,cough,wheezing,and chest tightness.Conventional asthma therapies,such as corticosteroids,long-actingβ-agonists,and antiinflammatory agents,often evoke diverse adverse reactions and fail to reduce symptoms and hospitalization rates over the long term effectively.These limitations have prompted researchers to explore innovative therapeutic strategies,including stem cell-related interventions,offering hope to those afflicted with this incurable disease.In this review,we describe the characteristics of stem cells and critically assess the potential and challenges of stem cell-based therapies to improve disease management and treatment outcomes for asthma and other diseases.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-049)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0529800).
文摘Bronchial asthma is divided into type 2 and non-type 2 asthma based on the immunopathogenesis.Type 2 inflammation is an inflammation mediated by T helper 2 cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and sustained by a specific subset of cytokines.In recent years,type 2 asthma has become the research hotspot in the field of asthma.For type 2 asthma,targeted therapies have become effective treatments and widely used in clinical practice.In order to further understand the progress of biologic drugs for bronchial asthma,as well as the disease outcomes in patients with type 2 asthma,and improve asthma control and remission,this article reviewed the progress and achievements of biologic drugs for asthma from May 1,2023 to April 30,2024,providing clinical perspective for the choosing appropriate targeted treatment of asthma.It also highlights selected poster pre-sentations from the ATS 2024 Annual Meeting to provide clinical insights for choosing appropriate targeted treatments for Type 2 asthma.
文摘Background:To appraise the ameliorative potentials of Allium sativum aqueous extract in ovalbumin(OVA)-lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced asthma.Methods:Extraction,phytochemical analysis,determination of bioactive compounds and LD50 study of aqueous extract of A.sativum were achieved using standard biochemical methods.Twenty-four(24)male Wistar rats averagely weighing between 168–255 g were grouped into four of six animals in each steel-metal cage.Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and positive groups respectively.Rats in groups 2–4 were sensitized and challenged with a combination of OVA and LPS.Groups 3 and 4 were administered 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of aqueous extract of A.sativum respectively for two weeks.The effect of aqueous extracts of A.sativum in OVA and LPS-induced asthma on alterations in differential white blood cells,inflammatory cytokines,some serum biochemical as well as histological indicators of experimental rats were assessed.Results:The aqueous extract of 600 g of plant material yielded 74.1 g accounting for 11.9%of sample material used.The result of the Phytochemical analysis showed higher number of glycosides,flavonoids and phenols.The animals displayed zero behavioral adverse reaction when administered the aqueous extract up to the highest dose of 5,000 mg/kg b.w.Administrations of aqueous extract of A.sativum remarkably(P<0.05;95%confidence intervals CI)declined the levels of neutrophils,eosinophils and total white blood cell count as opposed to the untreated group.Levels of interleukin 4(IL-4),interleukin 5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13)and immunoglobulin E(IgE)of groups 3 and 4 had a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)varying percentage reduction(IL-4=39.78%,49.51%;IL-5=34.66%,40.05%;IL-13=31.96%,30.81%;33.45%,21.38%)respectively in comparison to group 2(untreated).The result showed a significantly(P<0.05,95%CI)declined malonaldehyde(MDA)concentration and elevated catalase,decreased glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity of the treatment groups compared to the untreated.Serum liver function enzymes including alkaline phosphatase,alanine transaminase,and aspartate transaminase in the groups receiving aqueous extract of A.sativum exhibited a significant(P<0.05;95%CI)reduction in levels compared to group 2(untreated).Conclusion:Findings from this study indicated that aqueous extracts of A.sativum have the potential to improve asthma symptoms by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and mitigating oxidative stress.This effect could enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments such as inhaled corticosteroids,including cortisone,hydrocortisone,dexamethasone,and prednisone,as well as bronchodilators,leukotriene modifiers,and biologic therapies.Further studies need to be carried out on human subjects and also expanded to other respiratory disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:No.82374583,82274646.
文摘The development of adrenergic agonists(AAs)for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies.This review describes the historical evolution of AA therapy,including the precise optimization of nonselective toβ2-selective agonists,im-provement from short-acting to ultra-long-acting agents,shift from targeted monotherapy to combination regimens,and alterations in drug formulation.Additionally,this review summarizes recent advances in acupuncture treatment for asthma,including the development of novel targeted therapies,application of acupuncture-based combination regimens,and optimization of the mode of administration.Taken to-gether,this article discusses key insights from research on AA that inform acupuncture approaches,with a focus on:(1)precision targeting:identifying acupuncture-specific targets to improve efficacy;(2)syn-ergistic treatment:employing multi-target combination regimens to enhance therapeutic outcomes;(3)formulation innovation:advancing acupuncture delivery methods to improve patient compliance;and(4)evidence-based development:strengthening clinical research to generate high-quality evidence to inform the discovery of novel targets and treatment strategies for asthma.
