SmCo/FeCo/SmCo trilayer was deposited with two different thickness configurations for soft phase (FeCo);50 nm/10 nm/50 nm and 50 nm/25 nm/50 nm were deposited on Si (111) substrate and Ta (50 nm) seed layer by RF magn...SmCo/FeCo/SmCo trilayer was deposited with two different thickness configurations for soft phase (FeCo);50 nm/10 nm/50 nm and 50 nm/25 nm/50 nm were deposited on Si (111) substrate and Ta (50 nm) seed layer by RF magnetron sputtering in a pressure, p, of 30 - 35 m Torr. After deposition the films were annealed under Ar atmosphere at temperature T equal to 923 and 973 for different times followed by quenching in water. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained to identified phase presents and calculate average crystallite size. To study the effect of configuration thickness in soft phases, DC magnetic measurements were carried out;the measurements were done in the temperature interval of 300 - 50 K. Hysteresis loops collected at low temperatures exposed an increment in coercivity with the decrease of T and at same time, presented a “knee” in the second quadrant of the demagnetization curve, which suggests that the inter-layer exchange coupling becomes less effective, being more evident for sample with 50 nm/25 nm/50 nm thickness. Moreover, δM (H) plots were calculated from magnetic measurements at three different temperatures, T, equal to 300, 150 and 50 K, which corroborates that the dipolar interactions became stronger when thickness of soft phases increases. Finally, the thickness effect is attributed to the SmCo5 phase magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, which is responsible for the exchange coupling length.展开更多
In present investigation exchange interactions of Pr_(n+1)Co_(3n+5)B_(2n)-type compounds have been evalu- ated in the light of molecular-field theory. The exchange interactions and ferromagnetism in these compounds ar...In present investigation exchange interactions of Pr_(n+1)Co_(3n+5)B_(2n)-type compounds have been evalu- ated in the light of molecular-field theory. The exchange interactions and ferromagnetism in these compounds are discussed in terms of lattice parameters and interatomic distance between Co atom.展开更多
The performance of Single-Molecule Magnets(SMMs)can be enhanced by reducing quantum tunneling of magnetization(QTM),which can be achieved with the aid of strong magnetic exchange interactions and strong magnetic aniso...The performance of Single-Molecule Magnets(SMMs)can be enhanced by reducing quantum tunneling of magnetization(QTM),which can be achieved with the aid of strong magnetic exchange interactions and strong magnetic anisotropy.When 4d ions are mixed with 4f ions,the strong spin–orbit coupling and moderate ligand-field strength of 4d elements complement the highly anisotropic 4f ions,and the combined effect decreases the transverse anisotropy and stabilizes the magnetic easy axis,both of which are essential for lowering QTM.Despite their synthetic challenges,the unique electronic properties of 4d–4f systems make them promising candidates for designing advanced single-molecule magnets.Here,we report the synthesis,magnetic,and theoretical studies of five tetranuclear“butterfly-shaped”complexes of formulae[Ru^(Ⅲ)_(2)Ln^(Ⅲ)_(2)(OMe)_(2)(o-tol)_(4)(mdea)_(2)(NO_(3))_(2)](Ln=Gd(1-Gd),Tb(2-Tb),Dy(3-Dy),Ho(4-Ho),mdeaH2=N-methyldiethanolamine)and[Ru^(Ⅲ)_(2)Er^(Ⅲ)_(2)(OMe)_(2)(o-tol)6(mdea)_(2)]·2MeOH(5-Er).Complexes 2-Tb,4-Ho,and 5-Er are the first reported examples of Ru-4f complexes using these Ln^(Ⅲ)ions.DC magnetic susceptibility studies revealed an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the Ln^(Ⅲ)and Ru^(Ⅲ)metal ions in all complexes.Among the complexes reported,3-Dy and 4-Ho show out-of-phase susceptibility signals in the absence of an external magnetic field,while the remaining complexes exhibit field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization.These observations were attributed to the presence of an ideal crystal field combined with the strong exchange interaction exerted between the Ru^(Ⅲ)and Ln^(Ⅲ)ions in the complexes.Importantly,the 4-Ho is the first non-dysprosium Ru–Ln polynuclear complex to show zero-field SMM behavior.Detailed ab initio CASSCF+RASSI-SO+SINGLE_ANISO+POLY_ANISO and Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the magnitude of exchange interaction increases in the following order:1-Gd(−1.3 cm^(−1))<2-Tb(−1.8 cm^(−1))<3-Dy(−2.7 cm^(−1))<4-Ho(−2.8 cm^(−1))<5-Er(−4.0 cm^(−1)).The larger single-ion anisotropy of the DyⅢions in 3-Dy leads to the largest barrier of 101.8 cm^(−1)(146 K),which increases further to 111 cm^(−1)(158.7 K)when considering the exchange-coupled model,with the strong Ru⋯Ln exchange further quenching QTM effects.These results highlight the importance of strong magnetic exchange between 4d–4f(Ru^(Ⅲ)⋯Ln^(Ⅲ))ions in enhancing the SMM behavior of 4d–4f complexes.展开更多
We report the synthesis and characterization of two symmetric homo-dimetallic lanthanide complexes based on methyl-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline(HMeQ).The aryloxo-bridged core gives rise to weak magnetic coupling bet...We report the synthesis and characterization of two symmetric homo-dimetallic lanthanide complexes based on methyl-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline(HMeQ).The aryloxo-bridged core gives rise to weak magnetic coupling between pairs of ErⅢand YbⅢions,as revealed by magnetic and EPR spectroscopy studies.EPR measurements of magnetically dilute species,coupled with CASSCF-SO calculations,allows modelling of the EPR spectra of the exchange coupled species and the magnetic data simultaneously.This work adds to the database of exchange coupled{Ln}_(2)molecules which have been thoroughly characterised by EPR spectroscopy and modelled using an S_(eff)=1/2 approach to describe the interaction of ground Kramers states,and highlights the differences between centro-symmetric and asymmetric dimetallics.展开更多
The influence of annealing time on the magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocomposite Pr7.5Dy1Fe71Co15Nb1B4.5 ribbons was systematically investigated by the methods of vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, ...The influence of annealing time on the magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocomposite Pr7.5Dy1Fe71Co15Nb1B4.5 ribbons was systematically investigated by the methods of vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. Interaction domains derived from strong exchange coupling interactions between hard and soft magnetic grains were imaged using magnetic force microscopy （MFM）. Maximum remanence, intrinsic coercivity, and maximum energy product values were obtained in the ribbons annealed at 700℃ for 15 min, which were composed of Pr2（Fe, Co）14B, α-（Fe, Co）, and slight Pr2（Fe, CO）17 phases. Although Jr, Hci, and （Bn）max decreased gradually with further increase of annealing time, it is emphasized that comparatively high Jr and Hci and （BH）max were obtained in a wide annealing time period of 15 to 360 min. The shape of initial magnetization curves and hysteresis loops change as a function of annealing time, indicating different magnetization reversal routes, which can be fully explained by the corresponding microstructure.展开更多
Exchange coupling and magnetic properties of SmCo5 alloys containing different amounts of Sn were investigated in sintered magnets. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of Sm2Co17 and Sm2Co7 phases in SmC...Exchange coupling and magnetic properties of SmCo5 alloys containing different amounts of Sn were investigated in sintered magnets. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of Sm2Co17 and Sm2Co7 phases in SmCo5 matrix. Exchange coupling mechanism was evaluated by switching field distribution, dcdemagnetization and magnetization curves as function of reverse applied field. Energy product of 59.2 kJ/m3 （7.4 MGOe）, remanent magnetization to maximum magnetization ratio of 0.97 and remanence coercivity to intrinsic coercivity ratio of 1.75 were achieved for 0.2 at.% Sn.展开更多
Recent advances in the study of exchange couplings in magnetic films are introduced.To provide a comprehensive understanding of exchange coupling,we have designed different bilayers,trilayers and multilayers,such as a...Recent advances in the study of exchange couplings in magnetic films are introduced.To provide a comprehensive understanding of exchange coupling,we have designed different bilayers,trilayers and multilayers,such as anisotropic hard/soft-magnetic multilayer films,ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic trilayers,[Pt/Co]/NiFe/NiO heterostructures,Co/NiO and Co/NiO/Fe trilayers on an anodic aluminum oxide（AAO） template.The exchange-coupling interaction between soft-and hard-magnetic phases,interlayer and interfacial exchange couplings and magnetic and magnetotransport properties in these magnetic films have been investigated in detail by adjusting the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic layers and by changing the thickness of the spacer layer,ferromagnetic layer,and antiferromagnetic layer.Some particular physical phenomena have been observed and explained.展开更多
The exchange interaction between the electrons in the different magnetic ions and the spin-fluctuation of the magnetic ions exist in the paramagnetic media NdF3. The exchange interaction between the electrons in the d...The exchange interaction between the electrons in the different magnetic ions and the spin-fluctuation of the magnetic ions exist in the paramagnetic media NdF3. The exchange interaction between the electrons in the different magnetic ions may be equivalent to an effective field Hin that is in direct proportion to the magnetization M. The spin-fluctuation of the magnetic ions leads the coefficient of the effective field to vary with temperature. The effective field is given as Hin = -（0.75 ＋ 0.22T） × 10^-5M in NdF3. When the secondary crystal field effect is taken into account, the magnetic susceptibility and Verdet constant are calculated for NdF3 by means of the effective field Hin and the applied field He. The calculated results are in agreement with the measured ones.展开更多
By using the traveling wave method, the solutions of the elliptic function wave and the solitary wave are obtained in a ferromagnetic spin chain with a biquadratic exchange interaction, a single ion anisotropic intera...By using the traveling wave method, the solutions of the elliptic function wave and the solitary wave are obtained in a ferromagnetic spin chain with a biquadratic exchange interaction, a single ion anisotropic interaction and an anisotropic nearest neighbour interaction. The effects of the biquadratic exchange interaction and the single ion anisotropic interaction on the properties （width, peak and stability） of the soliton are investigated. It is also found that the effects vary with the strengths of these interactions.展开更多
Effects of the intergrain exchange interaction on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets were investigated by using the computer simulation based on the micromagnetic theory. The simulation was carried out unde...Effects of the intergrain exchange interaction on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets were investigated by using the computer simulation based on the micromagnetic theory. The simulation was carried out under the assumptions that the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction is weaker than that of the intragrain exchange interaction, that inhomogeneous nanostructures result in the distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction, and that there exists nonmagnetic intergranular phase (NMIP) between grain boundaries. The distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction was simulated by the lognormal distribution with the standard deviation of σ.The calculations for Nd 2Fe 14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets reveal that a suitably weak intergrain exchange interaction and small grain size enable us to improve magnetic properties. It is also found that a Nd 2Fe 14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnet has a potential of a (BH) max value exceeding 300 kJ·m -3. On the other hand, the calculations for Nd 2Fe 14B/Fe 3B nanocomposite magnets reveal that the distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction deteriorates magnetic properties significantly. Particularly, this tendency is remarkable, when the grain size L is larger than its optimum value, 11 nm. The existence of nonmagnetic boundary layers accelerats this tendency. At σ=0.2, the calculated demagnetization curve for the model magnet composed of Nd 2Fe 14B(36%)/Fe 3B(54%)/NMIP(10%) (Valume fraction) grains (L=15 nm) agrees with that obtained experimentally for a Nd 2Fe 14B/Fe 3B nanocomposite magnet. These results suggest importance of refinement of grain size, suppression of a nonmagnetic intergranular phase, and preparation of homogeneous nanostructure for superior magnetic properties.展开更多
Exchange interaction plays an important role on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets consisting of hard- and soft-magnetic phases. Here the exchange interaction in the Sm-Co/Co （and Fe65Co35） magnetic films ...Exchange interaction plays an important role on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets consisting of hard- and soft-magnetic phases. Here the exchange interaction in the Sm-Co/Co （and Fe65Co35） magnetic films was characterized by measuring static （mr（H）） and demagnetized （md（H）） remanence curves. According to conventional method： δm（H）=md（H） - [1 - 2mr（H）], the exchange interaction was evaluated. The switching fields H′p and Hp, at which static （mr（H）） and demagnetized （md（H）） remanence show the fastest change, were identified. The relative ratio η=Hp-H′p/Hp of switching fields H′p and Hp has a linear relationship with the maximum value δmmax of δm（H） curves, proposing an alternative way to characterize the exchange interaction.展开更多
This paper theoretically investigates the effects of crystal field and exchange interaction field on magnetic properties in dysprosium gallium garnet under extreme conditions （low temperatures and high magnetic field...This paper theoretically investigates the effects of crystal field and exchange interaction field on magnetic properties in dysprosium gallium garnet under extreme conditions （low temperatures and high magnetic fields） based on quantum theory. Here, five sets of crystal field parameters are discussed and compared. It demonstrates that, only considering the crystal field effect, the experiments can not be successfully explained. Thus, referring to the molecular field theory, an effective exchange field associated with the Dy-Dy exchange interaction is further taken into account. Under special consideration of crystal field and the exchange interaction field, it obtains an excellent agreement between the theoretical results and experiments, and further confirms that the exchange interaction field between rare-earth ions has great importance to magnetic properties in paramagnetic rare-earth gallium garnets.展开更多
Based on a single ion model, Hamiltonian of the simplest form about magnetocrystalline anisotropy for Tb3+ ion was solved by using the numerical method. The relation between the stabilization energy, crystal field coe...Based on a single ion model, Hamiltonian of the simplest form about magnetocrystalline anisotropy for Tb3+ ion was solved by using the numerical method. The relation between the stabilization energy, crystal field coefficient B20 and the magnetic exchange interaction was studied as temperature approaches to 0 K. The results show that the stabilization energy contributed by Tb3+ is linear with crystal field coefficient B20 approximately, but it is insensitive to the change of magnetic exchange interaction for the strong magnetic substances such as TbCo5, Tb2Co17 and Tb2Fe14B compounds.展开更多
The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ...The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ferromagnetic films are theoretically analyzed by employing the linear spin wave approximation and Green’s function method.A remarkable increase of SWR frequency,except for energetically lower two modes,can be obtained in our model that takes the BQE interaction into account.Again,the effect of the external magnetic field on SWR frequency can be increased by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio.It has been identified that the BQE interaction is of utmost importance in improving the SWR frequency of the bilayer ferromagnetic films.In addition,for bilayer ferromagnetic films,the frequency gap between the energetically highest mode and lowest mode is found to increase by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio and film thickness and destroying the symmetry of the system.These results can be used to improve the understanding of magnetic properties in bilayer ferromagnetic films and thus may have prominent implications for future magnetic devices.展开更多
Electron spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)are one of potential candidates for physical implementation of scalable quantum information processing technologies.Tunnel coupling based inter exchange intera...Electron spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)are one of potential candidates for physical implementation of scalable quantum information processing technologies.Tunnel coupling based inter exchange interaction between QDs is crucial in achieving single-qubit manipulation,two-qubit gate,quantum communication and quantum simulation.This review first provides a theoretical perspective that surveys a general framework,including the Helter−London approach,the Hund−Mulliken approach,and the Hubbard model,to describe the inter exchange interactions between semiconductor quantum dots.An electrical method to control the inter exchange interaction in a realistic device is proposed as well.Then the significant achievements of inter exchange interaction in manipulating single qubits,achieving two-qubit gates,performing quantum communication and quantum simulation are reviewed.The last part is a summary of this review.展开更多
The dynamic properties of interacting vortex-antivortex pairs in thin film are studied by analytical calculations. An- alytical expressions for the magnetization vector distribution of vortex-antivortex pairs and the ...The dynamic properties of interacting vortex-antivortex pairs in thin film are studied by analytical calculations. An- alytical expressions for the magnetization vector distribution of vortex-antivortex pairs and the trivortex states are given. The magnetic states of the vortices are treated as having rigid structures, i.e., the vortex maintains its spin distribution when moving. The trajectories of the vortex cores are calculated by the Thiele＇s equation. It is found that the vortex-antivortex pair rotates around each other when they have opposite polarities, however, vortex and antivortex cores move along straight lines when they have the same polarity. The frequency of the rotation decreases with increasing the distance between the two cores of vortex-antivortex pair, and it has a lower value when a third vortex is introduced.展开更多
Structure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 compounds have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, a.c. initial susceptibility, extracting sample magnetometer, Mossbauer spec-...Structure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 compounds have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, a.c. initial susceptibility, extracting sample magnetometer, Mossbauer spec-troscopy and standard strain gauge techniques. The lattice parameter a of the MgCu2-type Laves compounds Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 decreases nonlinearly with increasing Co concentration, deviating from the Vegard's law. Curie temperature Tc increases initially from 668 K for x=0 to 694 K for x=0.2 and then decreases to 200 K for x=1.0. The saturation magnetization Ms at temperatures 1.5 K, 77 K and 300 K have the same variation tendency as the composition dependence of Curie temperature, in consistence with rigid-band model. The easy magnetization direction (EMD) of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 lies along [111] direction in the range x<0.6, and changes to [110] for x=0.8, while Sm0.9Pr0.1Co2 stays in the paramagnetic state at room temperature. The composition dependence of the average hyperfine field,Hhf , demonstrates a similar variation tendency as that of the saturation magnetization Ms and Curie temperature Tc. The spontaneous magnetostricton Am increases with increasing Co content. The saturation magnetostriction λs decreases monotonically with increasing x, which is caused by the increase of magnetostriction constant λ100 with opposite sign to that of Am. A two-sublattice model has been proposed to understand the intermediate region between the [111] and [110] spin configurations, which can also be used to explain the temperature dependence of magnetization.展开更多
Magnetic susceptibility of a series of dinuclear Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes has been measured in the temperature range of 1. 5 ～300K. The isotropic Heisenberg theory has been applied to study the temperatur...Magnetic susceptibility of a series of dinuclear Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes has been measured in the temperature range of 1. 5 ～300K. The isotropic Heisenberg theory has been applied to study the temperature-dependent behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility of these complexes and a corresponding program for fitting the experimental results has been set up on a VAX 11/785 computer. Conclusions can be drawn that the three complexes studied are all anti-ferromagnetically coupled with coupling constants -4. 4 , -115. 2 , and - 8. 4 cm￣(-1) for Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) ,and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes, respectively.展开更多
One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static o...One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static order.However,there is no consensus on the existence of a QSL state in any real material so far,due to inevitable disorder and intricate competing exchange interactions on frustrated spin lattices.Here we report systematic heat transport measurements on a honeycomb-lattice compound BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),which manifests magnetic order in zero field.In a narrow in-plane field range after the magnetic order is nearly suppressed,in both perpendicular and parallel to the zigzag direction,a finite residual linear term of thermal conductivity is clearly observed,which is attributed to mobile fermionic excitations.In addition,the spin-phonon scattering rate exhibits a T-linear behavior when the order disappears.These observations suggest a partial QSL state with gapless spinon excitations in BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),that emerges when a portion of the spins remains ordered,and vanishes as the spins become progressively polarized.展开更多
High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept...High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept of entropy-mediated phase stabilization was combined with strongly correlated electron systems to achieve directional property control in single-phase manganites.As Ca and Cr are sequentially doped into(Pr_(0.25)La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25))MnO_(3) at specific contents,the original weak ferromagnetic(FM)state with a spin-canted antiferromagnetic(AFM)background transforms into the charge-ordered AFM state,and then further transitions to the intense FM-AFM competition state.Magnetic state evolution also causes significant changes in electrical properties,highlighting the complex magnetoelectronic phase diagram of this system.Under specific doping conditions,the system exhibits a temperature-induced metamagnetic transition and a significant magnetocaloric effect,demonstrating interesting properties brought about by magnetic phase transitions.The complex magnetoelectric behavior induced by the coexistence and competition of multiple interactions is discussed by combining microstructural characterization with a magnetic theory framework.This study explores a method for effectively manipulating the physical properties of manganites based on the high-entropy concept,which is conducive to the development of new functional materials with kaleidoscopic characteristics.展开更多
文摘SmCo/FeCo/SmCo trilayer was deposited with two different thickness configurations for soft phase (FeCo);50 nm/10 nm/50 nm and 50 nm/25 nm/50 nm were deposited on Si (111) substrate and Ta (50 nm) seed layer by RF magnetron sputtering in a pressure, p, of 30 - 35 m Torr. After deposition the films were annealed under Ar atmosphere at temperature T equal to 923 and 973 for different times followed by quenching in water. X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained to identified phase presents and calculate average crystallite size. To study the effect of configuration thickness in soft phases, DC magnetic measurements were carried out;the measurements were done in the temperature interval of 300 - 50 K. Hysteresis loops collected at low temperatures exposed an increment in coercivity with the decrease of T and at same time, presented a “knee” in the second quadrant of the demagnetization curve, which suggests that the inter-layer exchange coupling becomes less effective, being more evident for sample with 50 nm/25 nm/50 nm thickness. Moreover, δM (H) plots were calculated from magnetic measurements at three different temperatures, T, equal to 300, 150 and 50 K, which corroborates that the dipolar interactions became stronger when thickness of soft phases increases. Finally, the thickness effect is attributed to the SmCo5 phase magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, which is responsible for the exchange coupling length.
文摘In present investigation exchange interactions of Pr_(n+1)Co_(3n+5)B_(2n)-type compounds have been evalu- ated in the light of molecular-field theory. The exchange interactions and ferromagnetism in these compounds are discussed in terms of lattice parameters and interatomic distance between Co atom.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholar Program,Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(25-1-1-168-zyyd-jch)111 Project of China(D20017).
文摘The performance of Single-Molecule Magnets(SMMs)can be enhanced by reducing quantum tunneling of magnetization(QTM),which can be achieved with the aid of strong magnetic exchange interactions and strong magnetic anisotropy.When 4d ions are mixed with 4f ions,the strong spin–orbit coupling and moderate ligand-field strength of 4d elements complement the highly anisotropic 4f ions,and the combined effect decreases the transverse anisotropy and stabilizes the magnetic easy axis,both of which are essential for lowering QTM.Despite their synthetic challenges,the unique electronic properties of 4d–4f systems make them promising candidates for designing advanced single-molecule magnets.Here,we report the synthesis,magnetic,and theoretical studies of five tetranuclear“butterfly-shaped”complexes of formulae[Ru^(Ⅲ)_(2)Ln^(Ⅲ)_(2)(OMe)_(2)(o-tol)_(4)(mdea)_(2)(NO_(3))_(2)](Ln=Gd(1-Gd),Tb(2-Tb),Dy(3-Dy),Ho(4-Ho),mdeaH2=N-methyldiethanolamine)and[Ru^(Ⅲ)_(2)Er^(Ⅲ)_(2)(OMe)_(2)(o-tol)6(mdea)_(2)]·2MeOH(5-Er).Complexes 2-Tb,4-Ho,and 5-Er are the first reported examples of Ru-4f complexes using these Ln^(Ⅲ)ions.DC magnetic susceptibility studies revealed an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the Ln^(Ⅲ)and Ru^(Ⅲ)metal ions in all complexes.Among the complexes reported,3-Dy and 4-Ho show out-of-phase susceptibility signals in the absence of an external magnetic field,while the remaining complexes exhibit field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization.These observations were attributed to the presence of an ideal crystal field combined with the strong exchange interaction exerted between the Ru^(Ⅲ)and Ln^(Ⅲ)ions in the complexes.Importantly,the 4-Ho is the first non-dysprosium Ru–Ln polynuclear complex to show zero-field SMM behavior.Detailed ab initio CASSCF+RASSI-SO+SINGLE_ANISO+POLY_ANISO and Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the magnitude of exchange interaction increases in the following order:1-Gd(−1.3 cm^(−1))<2-Tb(−1.8 cm^(−1))<3-Dy(−2.7 cm^(−1))<4-Ho(−2.8 cm^(−1))<5-Er(−4.0 cm^(−1)).The larger single-ion anisotropy of the DyⅢions in 3-Dy leads to the largest barrier of 101.8 cm^(−1)(146 K),which increases further to 111 cm^(−1)(158.7 K)when considering the exchange-coupled model,with the strong Ru⋯Ln exchange further quenching QTM effects.These results highlight the importance of strong magnetic exchange between 4d–4f(Ru^(Ⅲ)⋯Ln^(Ⅲ))ions in enhancing the SMM behavior of 4d–4f complexes.
基金The University of Manchester and EPSRC EPR National Research Facility(NS/A000055/1)the EPR spectrometers and SQUID magnetometer,and the EPSRC for funding an X-ray diffractometer(grant number EP/K039547/1).+3 种基金The University of Manchester for a Presidential Fellowship,The Royal Society for a University Research Fellowship,and the European Research Council for a Starting Grant(ERC-2019-STG-851504)R.E.P.W.thanks the EPSRC for an Established Career Fellowship(EP/R011079/1)the European Research Council for an Advanced Grant(ERC-2017-ADG-786734)the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(grant agreements no.786734 and 851504).
文摘We report the synthesis and characterization of two symmetric homo-dimetallic lanthanide complexes based on methyl-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline(HMeQ).The aryloxo-bridged core gives rise to weak magnetic coupling between pairs of ErⅢand YbⅢions,as revealed by magnetic and EPR spectroscopy studies.EPR measurements of magnetically dilute species,coupled with CASSCF-SO calculations,allows modelling of the EPR spectra of the exchange coupled species and the magnetic data simultaneously.This work adds to the database of exchange coupled{Ln}_(2)molecules which have been thoroughly characterised by EPR spectroscopy and modelled using an S_(eff)=1/2 approach to describe the interaction of ground Kramers states,and highlights the differences between centro-symmetric and asymmetric dimetallics.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10074005)
文摘The influence of annealing time on the magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocomposite Pr7.5Dy1Fe71Co15Nb1B4.5 ribbons was systematically investigated by the methods of vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. Interaction domains derived from strong exchange coupling interactions between hard and soft magnetic grains were imaged using magnetic force microscopy （MFM）. Maximum remanence, intrinsic coercivity, and maximum energy product values were obtained in the ribbons annealed at 700℃ for 15 min, which were composed of Pr2（Fe, Co）14B, α-（Fe, Co）, and slight Pr2（Fe, CO）17 phases. Although Jr, Hci, and （Bn）max decreased gradually with further increase of annealing time, it is emphasized that comparatively high Jr and Hci and （BH）max were obtained in a wide annealing time period of 15 to 360 min. The shape of initial magnetization curves and hysteresis loops change as a function of annealing time, indicating different magnetization reversal routes, which can be fully explained by the corresponding microstructure.
文摘Exchange coupling and magnetic properties of SmCo5 alloys containing different amounts of Sn were investigated in sintered magnets. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of Sm2Co17 and Sm2Co7 phases in SmCo5 matrix. Exchange coupling mechanism was evaluated by switching field distribution, dcdemagnetization and magnetization curves as function of reverse applied field. Energy product of 59.2 kJ/m3 （7.4 MGOe）, remanent magnetization to maximum magnetization ratio of 0.97 and remanence coercivity to intrinsic coercivity ratio of 1.75 were achieved for 0.2 at.% Sn.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB934603)Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50931006,50971123,and 51271177)
文摘Recent advances in the study of exchange couplings in magnetic films are introduced.To provide a comprehensive understanding of exchange coupling,we have designed different bilayers,trilayers and multilayers,such as anisotropic hard/soft-magnetic multilayer films,ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic trilayers,[Pt/Co]/NiFe/NiO heterostructures,Co/NiO and Co/NiO/Fe trilayers on an anodic aluminum oxide（AAO） template.The exchange-coupling interaction between soft-and hard-magnetic phases,interlayer and interfacial exchange couplings and magnetic and magnetotransport properties in these magnetic films have been investigated in detail by adjusting the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic layers and by changing the thickness of the spacer layer,ferromagnetic layer,and antiferromagnetic layer.Some particular physical phenomena have been observed and explained.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology (Grant No OK061066)
文摘The exchange interaction between the electrons in the different magnetic ions and the spin-fluctuation of the magnetic ions exist in the paramagnetic media NdF3. The exchange interaction between the electrons in the different magnetic ions may be equivalent to an effective field Hin that is in direct proportion to the magnetization M. The spin-fluctuation of the magnetic ions leads the coefficient of the effective field to vary with temperature. The effective field is given as Hin = -（0.75 ＋ 0.22T） × 10^-5M in NdF3. When the secondary crystal field effect is taken into account, the magnetic susceptibility and Verdet constant are calculated for NdF3 by means of the effective field Hin and the applied field He. The calculated results are in agreement with the measured ones.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10874049)the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2007CB925204).
文摘By using the traveling wave method, the solutions of the elliptic function wave and the solitary wave are obtained in a ferromagnetic spin chain with a biquadratic exchange interaction, a single ion anisotropic interaction and an anisotropic nearest neighbour interaction. The effects of the biquadratic exchange interaction and the single ion anisotropic interaction on the properties （width, peak and stability） of the soliton are investigated. It is also found that the effects vary with the strengths of these interactions.
文摘Effects of the intergrain exchange interaction on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets were investigated by using the computer simulation based on the micromagnetic theory. The simulation was carried out under the assumptions that the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction is weaker than that of the intragrain exchange interaction, that inhomogeneous nanostructures result in the distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction, and that there exists nonmagnetic intergranular phase (NMIP) between grain boundaries. The distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction was simulated by the lognormal distribution with the standard deviation of σ.The calculations for Nd 2Fe 14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets reveal that a suitably weak intergrain exchange interaction and small grain size enable us to improve magnetic properties. It is also found that a Nd 2Fe 14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnet has a potential of a (BH) max value exceeding 300 kJ·m -3. On the other hand, the calculations for Nd 2Fe 14B/Fe 3B nanocomposite magnets reveal that the distribution of the strength of the intergrain exchange interaction deteriorates magnetic properties significantly. Particularly, this tendency is remarkable, when the grain size L is larger than its optimum value, 11 nm. The existence of nonmagnetic boundary layers accelerats this tendency. At σ=0.2, the calculated demagnetization curve for the model magnet composed of Nd 2Fe 14B(36%)/Fe 3B(54%)/NMIP(10%) (Valume fraction) grains (L=15 nm) agrees with that obtained experimentally for a Nd 2Fe 14B/Fe 3B nanocomposite magnet. These results suggest importance of refinement of grain size, suppression of a nonmagnetic intergranular phase, and preparation of homogeneous nanostructure for superior magnetic properties.
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)under Grant No.2002AA302603the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.50071062,59725103,and 50331030.
文摘Exchange interaction plays an important role on magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets consisting of hard- and soft-magnetic phases. Here the exchange interaction in the Sm-Co/Co （and Fe65Co35） magnetic films was characterized by measuring static （mr（H）） and demagnetized （md（H）） remanence curves. According to conventional method： δm（H）=md（H） - [1 - 2mr（H）], the exchange interaction was evaluated. The switching fields H′p and Hp, at which static （mr（H）） and demagnetized （md（H）） remanence show the fastest change, were identified. The relative ratio η=Hp-H′p/Hp of switching fields H′p and Hp has a linear relationship with the maximum value δmmax of δm（H） curves, proposing an alternative way to characterize the exchange interaction.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11004005 and 60971019)the Young Scholars Fund of Beijing University of Chemical Technology,China(Grant No.QN0724)
文摘This paper theoretically investigates the effects of crystal field and exchange interaction field on magnetic properties in dysprosium gallium garnet under extreme conditions （low temperatures and high magnetic fields） based on quantum theory. Here, five sets of crystal field parameters are discussed and compared. It demonstrates that, only considering the crystal field effect, the experiments can not be successfully explained. Thus, referring to the molecular field theory, an effective exchange field associated with the Dy-Dy exchange interaction is further taken into account. Under special consideration of crystal field and the exchange interaction field, it obtains an excellent agreement between the theoretical results and experiments, and further confirms that the exchange interaction field between rare-earth ions has great importance to magnetic properties in paramagnetic rare-earth gallium garnets.
文摘Based on a single ion model, Hamiltonian of the simplest form about magnetocrystalline anisotropy for Tb3+ ion was solved by using the numerical method. The relation between the stabilization energy, crystal field coefficient B20 and the magnetic exchange interaction was studied as temperature approaches to 0 K. The results show that the stabilization energy contributed by Tb3+ is linear with crystal field coefficient B20 approximately, but it is insensitive to the change of magnetic exchange interaction for the strong magnetic substances such as TbCo5, Tb2Co17 and Tb2Fe14B compounds.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(Grant No.2019MS01021)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universi-ties of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.NJZY21454)the Theoretical Physics Discipline De-velopment and Communication Platform of Inner Mongolia University(Grant No.12147216).
文摘The dependences of spin wave resonance(SWR)frequency on the surface anisotropy field,interface exchange coupling,symmetry,biquadratic exchange(BQE)interaction,film thickness,and the external magnetic field in bilayer ferromagnetic films are theoretically analyzed by employing the linear spin wave approximation and Green’s function method.A remarkable increase of SWR frequency,except for energetically lower two modes,can be obtained in our model that takes the BQE interaction into account.Again,the effect of the external magnetic field on SWR frequency can be increased by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio.It has been identified that the BQE interaction is of utmost importance in improving the SWR frequency of the bilayer ferromagnetic films.In addition,for bilayer ferromagnetic films,the frequency gap between the energetically highest mode and lowest mode is found to increase by increasing the biquadratic to interlayer exchange ratio and film thickness and destroying the symmetry of the system.These results can be used to improve the understanding of magnetic properties in bilayer ferromagnetic films and thus may have prominent implications for future magnetic devices.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,(Grant Nos.11974030 and 92165208)。
文摘Electron spins confined in semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)are one of potential candidates for physical implementation of scalable quantum information processing technologies.Tunnel coupling based inter exchange interaction between QDs is crucial in achieving single-qubit manipulation,two-qubit gate,quantum communication and quantum simulation.This review first provides a theoretical perspective that surveys a general framework,including the Helter−London approach,the Hund−Mulliken approach,and the Hubbard model,to describe the inter exchange interactions between semiconductor quantum dots.An electrical method to control the inter exchange interaction in a realistic device is proposed as well.Then the significant achievements of inter exchange interaction in manipulating single qubits,achieving two-qubit gates,performing quantum communication and quantum simulation are reviewed.The last part is a summary of this review.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11204026)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.n130405011)
文摘The dynamic properties of interacting vortex-antivortex pairs in thin film are studied by analytical calculations. An- alytical expressions for the magnetization vector distribution of vortex-antivortex pairs and the trivortex states are given. The magnetic states of the vortices are treated as having rigid structures, i.e., the vortex maintains its spin distribution when moving. The trajectories of the vortex cores are calculated by the Thiele＇s equation. It is found that the vortex-antivortex pair rotates around each other when they have opposite polarities, however, vortex and antivortex cores move along straight lines when they have the same polarity. The frequency of the rotation decreases with increasing the distance between the two cores of vortex-antivortex pair, and it has a lower value when a third vortex is introduced.
基金This work has been supported by the projects No.59725103 and 59871054 of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China and by the Science and Technology Commnission of Shenyang and Liaoning.Z.J.Guo as aiso indebted to Prof.A.S.Miarkosyan(Russia)for helpful discussions.
文摘Structure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 compounds have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, a.c. initial susceptibility, extracting sample magnetometer, Mossbauer spec-troscopy and standard strain gauge techniques. The lattice parameter a of the MgCu2-type Laves compounds Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 decreases nonlinearly with increasing Co concentration, deviating from the Vegard's law. Curie temperature Tc increases initially from 668 K for x=0 to 694 K for x=0.2 and then decreases to 200 K for x=1.0. The saturation magnetization Ms at temperatures 1.5 K, 77 K and 300 K have the same variation tendency as the composition dependence of Curie temperature, in consistence with rigid-band model. The easy magnetization direction (EMD) of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 lies along [111] direction in the range x<0.6, and changes to [110] for x=0.8, while Sm0.9Pr0.1Co2 stays in the paramagnetic state at room temperature. The composition dependence of the average hyperfine field,Hhf , demonstrates a similar variation tendency as that of the saturation magnetization Ms and Curie temperature Tc. The spontaneous magnetostricton Am increases with increasing Co content. The saturation magnetostriction λs decreases monotonically with increasing x, which is caused by the increase of magnetostriction constant λ100 with opposite sign to that of Am. A two-sublattice model has been proposed to understand the intermediate region between the [111] and [110] spin configurations, which can also be used to explain the temperature dependence of magnetization.
文摘Magnetic susceptibility of a series of dinuclear Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes has been measured in the temperature range of 1. 5 ～300K. The isotropic Heisenberg theory has been applied to study the temperature-dependent behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility of these complexes and a corresponding program for fitting the experimental results has been set up on a VAX 11/785 computer. Conclusions can be drawn that the three complexes studied are all anti-ferromagnetically coupled with coupling constants -4. 4 , -115. 2 , and - 8. 4 cm￣(-1) for Ⅴ(Ⅳ) . Co(Ⅱ) ,and Mn(Ⅲ) complexes, respectively.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.12034004 and 12174064)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2024ZD0300104)supported by U.S.DOE BES DE-SC0012311the Robert A.Welch Foundation under Grant No.C-1839,respectively(P.D.)。
文摘One important issue in current condensed matter physics is the search of quantum spin liquid(QSL),an exotic magnetic state with strongly-fluctuating and highly-entangled spins down to zero temperature without static order.However,there is no consensus on the existence of a QSL state in any real material so far,due to inevitable disorder and intricate competing exchange interactions on frustrated spin lattices.Here we report systematic heat transport measurements on a honeycomb-lattice compound BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),which manifests magnetic order in zero field.In a narrow in-plane field range after the magnetic order is nearly suppressed,in both perpendicular and parallel to the zigzag direction,a finite residual linear term of thermal conductivity is clearly observed,which is attributed to mobile fermionic excitations.In addition,the spin-phonon scattering rate exhibits a T-linear behavior when the order disappears.These observations suggest a partial QSL state with gapless spinon excitations in BaCo_(2)(AsO_(4))_(2),that emerges when a portion of the spins remains ordered,and vanishes as the spins become progressively polarized.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12074204,12374258 and 12404326)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Nos.2022ZD06 and 2023QN01008)+3 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NMGIRT2203)the Research Program of Science and Technology at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJZZ23024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University(No.2023JBYJ015)the Funds for Reform and Development of Local Universities Supported by the Central Government(Cultivation of First-Class Disciplines in Physics).
文摘High-entropy materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their unique structural characteristics,tailorable chemical composition,and tunable functional properties.In this study,the concept of entropy-mediated phase stabilization was combined with strongly correlated electron systems to achieve directional property control in single-phase manganites.As Ca and Cr are sequentially doped into(Pr_(0.25)La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25))MnO_(3) at specific contents,the original weak ferromagnetic(FM)state with a spin-canted antiferromagnetic(AFM)background transforms into the charge-ordered AFM state,and then further transitions to the intense FM-AFM competition state.Magnetic state evolution also causes significant changes in electrical properties,highlighting the complex magnetoelectronic phase diagram of this system.Under specific doping conditions,the system exhibits a temperature-induced metamagnetic transition and a significant magnetocaloric effect,demonstrating interesting properties brought about by magnetic phase transitions.The complex magnetoelectric behavior induced by the coexistence and competition of multiple interactions is discussed by combining microstructural characterization with a magnetic theory framework.This study explores a method for effectively manipulating the physical properties of manganites based on the high-entropy concept,which is conducive to the development of new functional materials with kaleidoscopic characteristics.
