The osmium tetroxide catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of the(22E)- steroidal sidechain is described and an unexpected 8:1 ratio of(22R,23R)and (22S,23S)was obtained from the(22E,24S)-24-ethyl substituted sidechain.
Although,dietary proteins play a crucial role in poultry profit maximization,through the sustenance of birds`welfare,growth and development,yet metabolic excesses from crude protein(CP)degradation is detrimental to br...Although,dietary proteins play a crucial role in poultry profit maximization,through the sustenance of birds`welfare,growth and development,yet metabolic excesses from crude protein(CP)degradation is detrimental to broiler chickens(BC)affected by heat stress.This study evaluated the effect of dietary protein levels on blood profile of heat-stressed BC at starter phase(SP)and finisher phase(FP).Arbor Acre BC(n=288)were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments(T1-23%CP;T2-21%CP;T3-19%CP;and T4-17%CP)with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design.Data were subjected to descriptive analysis,analysis of variance(p=0.05)and correlation statistics.Protein intake(PI)was not significantly affected by varying CP in diets at SP,but not at FP,where PI significantly increased with increasing dietary CP.PER had a negative correlation with PCV(r=-0.89,p<0.01),Hb(r=-0.88,p<0.01),RBC(r=-0.93,p<0.01)and PI(r=-0.78,p<0.01).Metabolic excesses including heat dissipation from dietary proteins influenced PCV,Hb,platelets and glucose of heat-stressed broilers.展开更多
Press has been found to have an impact on the outcome of electoral political campaigns. Press can distort the electorate＇s perception of an objective reality to fulfill the political orientation of its editorial line...Press has been found to have an impact on the outcome of electoral political campaigns. Press can distort the electorate＇s perception of an objective reality to fulfill the political orientation of its editorial line. This can be achieved in propaganda and in the rhetoric of excess. Within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA）, this paper has conducted a thematic content analysis to study the rhetoric of excess in the construction of political identity and relations in 100 articles pertaining to two different ideologically oriented Tunisian newspapers, namely Le Maghreb and El Dhamir. The study covered the period from December 26, 2011 to December 26, 2012. Results have shown a low level of impartiality violating Gricean maxims of quality and quantity. This tendency could culminate in violence and undermine the public＇s confidence in the media. Proactive measures of media management are recommended.展开更多
With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in Chi...With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in China have changed is insufficient.This study utilized hourly concentration data from ground observation stations and the official air quality guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and the World Health Organization as standards to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and short-term exposure risks of air pollution in China from 2015 to 2022.The results indicate that various atmospheric pollutants except for ozone showed a decreasing trend yearly.Nationwide,both single pollutant air pollution days(SAPDs)and multiple pollutant air pollution days(MAPDs)showed varying degrees of reduction within 15 and 25 days,respectively.SAPD was dominated mainly by excessive PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)pollutants,while MAPD was dominated mainly by excessive pollutant combinations,including PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),CO+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),and SO_(2)+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10).As the concentration of atmospheric pollutants decreased,the total excess risk(ER)decreased yearly from 2015 to 2022,but there were significant regional differences.Now,the ER is less than 0.25%in southern China,in the range of 0.25%-0.5%in the North China Plain and some cities in the northeast,and higher than 1%in the northwest.Particulate matter is currently the primary pollutant posing short-term exposure risk in China,especially due to the impact of sandstorm weather.This study indicates that China’s atmospheric cleaning action is significantly beneficial for reducing health risks.展开更多
[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infra...[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.展开更多
We perform a detailed study of scalar dark matter with triplet Higgs extensions of the Standard Model in order to explain the cosmic ray electron and positron excesses reported by AMS-02 and DAMPE.A detailed analysis ...We perform a detailed study of scalar dark matter with triplet Higgs extensions of the Standard Model in order to explain the cosmic ray electron and positron excesses reported by AMS-02 and DAMPE.A detailed analysis of the AMS-02 positron excess reveals that for different orderings(normal,inverted,and quasi-degenerate)of neutrino mass,the hybrid triplet Higgs portal framework is more favored with respect to the single triplet Higgs portal for TeV scale dark matter.We also show that the resonant peak and continuous excess in DAMPE cosmic ray data can be well explained with the hybrid triplet Higgs portal dark matter when a dark matter sub-halo nearby is taken into account.展开更多
Background:This study investigated the relationship between meteorological factors and daily outpatient visits to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics to inform animal injury prevention strategies.Methods:Daily ou...Background:This study investigated the relationship between meteorological factors and daily outpatient visits to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics to inform animal injury prevention strategies.Methods:Daily outpatient visit data from rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics in Jinan and corresponding meteorological data were collected from January 1,2020,to December 31,2022.A generalized additive model was used to quantitatively assess the relationship between these factors.A total of 202,010 patients visited these clinics during this period.Results:Daily mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures,and relative humidity were positively associated with outpatient visits.A 1°C increase in mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures corresponded to increases in daily visits of 1.65%(95%Confidence Interval(CI):1.55–1.76),1.59%(95%CI:1.50–1.69),and 1.27%(95%CI:1.17–1.36)respectively.Each 1%increase in relative humidity was associated with a 0.18%(95%CI:0.15–0.20)increase in visits.Mean pressure was negatively associated with outpatient visits,the outpatient visits decreased by 0.91%(95%CI:−1.71 to−0.11)for every 1 kPa increased in mean pressure.Conclusion:The change of meteorological factors will lead to the increase of outpatient visits in rabies exposure treatment clinic.展开更多
Advancements in healthcare technology have improved mortality rates and extended lifespans,resulting in a population with multiple comorbidities that complicate patient care.Traditional assessments often fall short,un...Advancements in healthcare technology have improved mortality rates and extended lifespans,resulting in a population with multiple comorbidities that complicate patient care.Traditional assessments often fall short,underscoring the need for integrated care strategies.Among these,fluid management is particularly challenging due to the difficulty in directly assessing volume status especially in critically ill patients who frequently have peripheral oedema.Effective fluid ma-nagement is essential for optimal tissue oxygen delivery,which is crucial for cellular metabolism.Oxygen transport is dependent on arterial oxygen levels,haemoglobin concentration,and cardiac output,with the latter influenced by preload,afterload,and cardiac contractility.A delicate balance of these factors ensures that the cardiovascular system can respond adequately to varying ph-ysiological demands,thereby safeguarding tissue oxygenation and overall organ function during states of stress or illness.The Venous Excess Ultrasound(VExUS)Grading System is instrumental in evaluating fluid intolerance,providing detailed insights into venous congestion and fluid status.It was originally developed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury in postoperative cardiac patients,but its versatility has enabled broader applications in nephrology and critical care settings.This mini review explores VE×US’s application and its impact on fluid management and patient outcomes in critically ill patients.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and...Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.展开更多
Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respir...Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).展开更多
Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus spe...Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus species within sludge was difficult to release into the fermentation liquor.To address this,this study evaluated the enhanced phosphorus release performance from sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds(Fe-P)via co-fermenting it with agriculture wastes.Specifically,protein-rich feather(Feather Group)and polysaccharide-rich tea residue(Tea Group)was respectively dosed into batch-scale fermentation jar.Results showed that the Feather Group exhibited significantly higher levels of released soluble phosphorus(2.1 folds)and volatile fatty acids(41.4 folds)compared to the Control Group,with concentrations reaching up to 280 mg/L and 9366 mg chemical oxygen demand/L,respectively.The activities ofα-glucosidase,neutral protease and acetate kinase in the Feather group were increased by 11.1%,92.3%and 37.6%,respectively,compared with the Control group.Methanogen abundance decreased while hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria increased significantly after supplying agricultural wastes.Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a significant increase in genes related to acetic acid synthesis.Mechanism elucidation suggested that increased iron-reducing bacteria abundance promoted Fe3+reduction into Fe2+,thus enhancing phosphorus release from Fe-P compounds.This work may provide valuable information for developing effective strategy to extract phosphorus resource from complex environmental wastes.展开更多
Seismic-induced liquefaction of sandy soils can fail foundations in the vicinity of buildings.To investigate the effect of a non-free field subsurface seismic history on the ability of saturated sandy soils to resist ...Seismic-induced liquefaction of sandy soils can fail foundations in the vicinity of buildings.To investigate the effect of a non-free field subsurface seismic history on the ability of saturated sandy soils to resist liquefaction,four shaking events with different accelerations were input to the sandy soils in the non-free-field.The results of the study revealed that:(1)Shallow soils that are not free-field undergo acceleration amplification effects after being subjected to seismic loading.(2)Building overburden pressure reduces the sensitivity of the shallow soils directly below in small and moderate earthquakes,which are more prone to rearranging and forming unstable structures under strong seismic effects.The excess pore pressure response on the load side resembles that of a free site,with the depth range of the liquefaction strength of soils affected by the seismic history,increasing progressively as input seismic intensity increases.(3)After experiencing earthquakes of different intensities,the excess pore pressure directly below the building overburden pressure at 0.1 m and 0.2 m is greater than that at the side.At the same time,the side of the building structure is more prone to liquefaction than the soil directly below it.展开更多
Under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper constructs an optimization model of the comprehensive energy system in the park.A stepwise carbon excess rate mechanism and an electric vehicle coupling strategy are proposed:A...Under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper constructs an optimization model of the comprehensive energy system in the park.A stepwise carbon excess rate mechanism and an electric vehicle coupling strategy are proposed:A carbon quota trading system is established based on the baseline method,and the stepwise function is adopted to quantify the cost of excess carbon emissions;Introduce the price demand response and the two-way interaction mechanism of electric Vehicle vehicle-to-grid(V2G)to enhance the flexible regulation ability.Aiming at the uncertainty of wind and solar output,a typical scene set is generated by combining Latin hypercube sampling with the scene reduction method.The goal is to minimize the operating cost and maximize the consumption of renewable energy,and it is solved through the CPLEX solver in the MATLAB platform.Through simulation verification of the proposed models and methods in various scenarios,the simulation results show that under the coupling of the carbon excess rate trading mechanism,the demand response mechanism,and the vehicle-to-grid interaction of electric vehicles,the total daily operating cost of the system decreases by 25.3%,reduce the dual pressure of energy consumption costs and the economic environment,and achieve the coordinated optimization of economic and ecological benefits.展开更多
Avalanche photodiode(APD)is a kind of photodetector with important applications in optical communication,light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and other fields.APDs fabricated using the recently developed AlGaAsSb as the ...Avalanche photodiode(APD)is a kind of photodetector with important applications in optical communication,light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and other fields.APDs fabricated using the recently developed AlGaAsSb as the multiplication material exhibit excellent noise performance.In this work,we report a low-noise separate absorption,grading,charge,and multi-plication(SAGCM)InGaAs/AlGaAsSb APD operating at 1550 nm.A double-mesa structure was fabricated to reduce the dark cur-rent.Numerical simulations were conducted to compare two different mesa-structured APDs.By analyzing the electric field distri-bution,it was found that the electric field at the edge of the multiplication region in the double-mesa APD is nearly 100 kV/cm lower than that of the single-mesa structure.Experimental results demonstrate that after device punch-through,the double-mesa APD’s dark current can be reduced by up to four times compared to the single-mesa APD.Quantitative analysis of the dark current components in the AlGaAsSb APD further confirms that the low sidewall electric field in the double-mesa struc-ture effectively suppresses the trap-assisted tunneling.Additionally,noise measurements indicate a k-value of approximately 0.014,which is significantly lower than that of traditional multiplication materials.This work provides preliminary validation for further performance improvements in low noise and low dark current AlGaAsSb APDs.展开更多
A new report from Jeanologia highlights theurgent need for the denim industry to adopt saferalternatives to harmful chemicals.The study alsostresses reducing excessive water use in garmentfinishing.The report,compiled...A new report from Jeanologia highlights theurgent need for the denim industry to adopt saferalternatives to harmful chemicals.The study alsostresses reducing excessive water use in garmentfinishing.The report,compiled in 2024,analyzed datafrom more than ll5,000 dentm finishing processes.lt found that 24%of denim finishing processes stilluse hazardous chemicals,posing risks to both theenvironment and the health of workers.展开更多
Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limite...Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.展开更多
Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than...Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.展开更多
A rising water table increases soil water content,reduces soil strength,and amplifies vibrations under identical train loads,thereby posing greater risks to train operations.To investigate this phenomenon,we used a 2....A rising water table increases soil water content,reduces soil strength,and amplifies vibrations under identical train loads,thereby posing greater risks to train operations.To investigate this phenomenon,we used a 2.5D finite element(FE)model of a coupled vehicle–embankment–ground system based on Biot’s theory.The ground properties were derived from a typical soil profile of the Yangtze River basin,using geological data from Shanghai,China.The findings indicate that a rise in the water table leads to increased dynamic displacements of both the track and the ground.This amplification effect extends beyond the depth of the water table,impacting the entire embankment–foundation cross-section,and intensifies with higher train speeds.However,the water table rise has a limited impact on the critical speed of trains and dominant frequency contents.The dynamic response of the embankment is more significantly affected by water table rises within the subgrade than by those within the ground.When the water table rises into the subgrade,significant excess pore pressure is generated inside the embankment,causing a substantial drop in effective stress.As a result,the stress path of the soil elements in the subgrade approaches the Mohr-Coulomb failure line,increasing the likelihood of soil failure.展开更多
The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion...The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity severely hinder its practical application.In this study,we demonstrate a strategy of introducing abundant oxygen vacancies not only on the surface and but also inside the bulk of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)particles via reductive thermal sintering.The oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),leading to a remarkable improvement in rate performance and a reduction in polarization.Moreover,additional lithium-ion accommodation sites can be created at the defective surface,contributing to a high specific capacity of over 200 mAh g^(-1).展开更多
Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regiona...Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.展开更多
文摘The osmium tetroxide catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation of the(22E)- steroidal sidechain is described and an unexpected 8:1 ratio of(22R,23R)and (22S,23S)was obtained from the(22E,24S)-24-ethyl substituted sidechain.
文摘Although,dietary proteins play a crucial role in poultry profit maximization,through the sustenance of birds`welfare,growth and development,yet metabolic excesses from crude protein(CP)degradation is detrimental to broiler chickens(BC)affected by heat stress.This study evaluated the effect of dietary protein levels on blood profile of heat-stressed BC at starter phase(SP)and finisher phase(FP).Arbor Acre BC(n=288)were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments(T1-23%CP;T2-21%CP;T3-19%CP;and T4-17%CP)with six replicate groups in a completely randomized design.Data were subjected to descriptive analysis,analysis of variance(p=0.05)and correlation statistics.Protein intake(PI)was not significantly affected by varying CP in diets at SP,but not at FP,where PI significantly increased with increasing dietary CP.PER had a negative correlation with PCV(r=-0.89,p<0.01),Hb(r=-0.88,p<0.01),RBC(r=-0.93,p<0.01)and PI(r=-0.78,p<0.01).Metabolic excesses including heat dissipation from dietary proteins influenced PCV,Hb,platelets and glucose of heat-stressed broilers.
文摘Press has been found to have an impact on the outcome of electoral political campaigns. Press can distort the electorate＇s perception of an objective reality to fulfill the political orientation of its editorial line. This can be achieved in propaganda and in the rhetoric of excess. Within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA）, this paper has conducted a thematic content analysis to study the rhetoric of excess in the construction of political identity and relations in 100 articles pertaining to two different ideologically oriented Tunisian newspapers, namely Le Maghreb and El Dhamir. The study covered the period from December 26, 2011 to December 26, 2012. Results have shown a low level of impartiality violating Gricean maxims of quality and quantity. This tendency could culminate in violence and undermine the public＇s confidence in the media. Proactive measures of media management are recommended.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42205178)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720459).
文摘With the continuous control of anthropogenic emissions,China’s air quality has improved significantly in recent years.Given this background,research on how the short-term exposure risks caused by air pollution in China have changed is insufficient.This study utilized hourly concentration data from ground observation stations and the official air quality guidelines of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and the World Health Organization as standards to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and short-term exposure risks of air pollution in China from 2015 to 2022.The results indicate that various atmospheric pollutants except for ozone showed a decreasing trend yearly.Nationwide,both single pollutant air pollution days(SAPDs)and multiple pollutant air pollution days(MAPDs)showed varying degrees of reduction within 15 and 25 days,respectively.SAPD was dominated mainly by excessive PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)pollutants,while MAPD was dominated mainly by excessive pollutant combinations,including PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),CO+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10),and SO_(2)+PM_(2.5)+PM_(10).As the concentration of atmospheric pollutants decreased,the total excess risk(ER)decreased yearly from 2015 to 2022,but there were significant regional differences.Now,the ER is less than 0.25%in southern China,in the range of 0.25%-0.5%in the North China Plain and some cities in the northeast,and higher than 1%in the northwest.Particulate matter is currently the primary pollutant posing short-term exposure risk in China,especially due to the impact of sandstorm weather.This study indicates that China’s atmospheric cleaning action is significantly beneficial for reducing health risks.
文摘[Objective]Under the combined impact of climate change and urbanization,urban rainstorm flood disasters occur frequently,seriously restricting urban safety and sustainable development.Relying on traditional grey infrastructure such as pipe networks for urban stormwater management is not enough to deal with urban rainstorm flood disasters under extreme rainfall events.The integration of green,grey and blue systems(GGB-integrated system)is gradually gaining recognition in the field of global flood prevention.It is necessary to further clarify the connotation,technical and engineering implementation strategies of the GGB-integrated system,to provide support for the resilient city construction.[Methods]Through literature retrieval and analysis,the relevant research and progress related to the layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of the GGBintegrated system were systematically reviewed.In response to existing limitations and future engineering application requirements,key supporting technologies including the utilization of overground emergency storage spaces,safety protection of underground important infrastructure and multi-departmental collaboration,were proposed.A layout optimization framework and a joint scheduling framework for the GGB-integrated system were also developed.[Results]Current research on layout optimization predominantly focuses on the integration of green system and grey system,with relatively fewer studies incorporating blue system infrastructure into the optimization process.Moreover,these studies tend to be on a smaller scale with simpler scenarios,which do not fully capture the complexity of real-world systems.Additionally,optimization objective tend to prioritize environmental and economic goals,while social and ecological factors are less frequently considered.Current research on joint scheduling optimization is often limited to small-scale plots,with insufficient attention paid to the entire system.There is a deficiency in method for real-time,automated determination of optimal control strategies for combinations of multiple system facilities based on actual rainfall-runoff processes.Additionally,the application of emergency facilities during extreme conditions is not sufficiently addressed.Furthermore,both layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization lack consideration of the mute feed effect of flood and waterlogging in urban,watershed and regional scales.[Conclusion]Future research needs to improve the theoretical framework for layout optimization and joint scheduling optimization of GGB-integrated system.Through the comprehensive application of the Internet of things,artificial intelligence,coupling model development,multi-scale analysis,multi-scenario simulation,and the establishment of multi-departmental collaboration mechanisms,it can enhance the flood resilience of urban areas in response to rainfall events of varying intensities,particularly extreme rainfall events.
基金Supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(11775093,12175082)。
文摘We perform a detailed study of scalar dark matter with triplet Higgs extensions of the Standard Model in order to explain the cosmic ray electron and positron excesses reported by AMS-02 and DAMPE.A detailed analysis of the AMS-02 positron excess reveals that for different orderings(normal,inverted,and quasi-degenerate)of neutrino mass,the hybrid triplet Higgs portal framework is more favored with respect to the single triplet Higgs portal for TeV scale dark matter.We also show that the resonant peak and continuous excess in DAMPE cosmic ray data can be well explained with the hybrid triplet Higgs portal dark matter when a dark matter sub-halo nearby is taken into account.
基金supported by Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine-Vaccine and Immunization Youth Talent Support Project(CPMAQT-YM0314)Shandong medical and health science and technology development plan project(202012050267)Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Youth Innovation Fund Project(QC-202301).
文摘Background:This study investigated the relationship between meteorological factors and daily outpatient visits to rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics to inform animal injury prevention strategies.Methods:Daily outpatient visit data from rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinics in Jinan and corresponding meteorological data were collected from January 1,2020,to December 31,2022.A generalized additive model was used to quantitatively assess the relationship between these factors.A total of 202,010 patients visited these clinics during this period.Results:Daily mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures,and relative humidity were positively associated with outpatient visits.A 1°C increase in mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures corresponded to increases in daily visits of 1.65%(95%Confidence Interval(CI):1.55–1.76),1.59%(95%CI:1.50–1.69),and 1.27%(95%CI:1.17–1.36)respectively.Each 1%increase in relative humidity was associated with a 0.18%(95%CI:0.15–0.20)increase in visits.Mean pressure was negatively associated with outpatient visits,the outpatient visits decreased by 0.91%(95%CI:−1.71 to−0.11)for every 1 kPa increased in mean pressure.Conclusion:The change of meteorological factors will lead to the increase of outpatient visits in rabies exposure treatment clinic.
文摘Advancements in healthcare technology have improved mortality rates and extended lifespans,resulting in a population with multiple comorbidities that complicate patient care.Traditional assessments often fall short,underscoring the need for integrated care strategies.Among these,fluid management is particularly challenging due to the difficulty in directly assessing volume status especially in critically ill patients who frequently have peripheral oedema.Effective fluid ma-nagement is essential for optimal tissue oxygen delivery,which is crucial for cellular metabolism.Oxygen transport is dependent on arterial oxygen levels,haemoglobin concentration,and cardiac output,with the latter influenced by preload,afterload,and cardiac contractility.A delicate balance of these factors ensures that the cardiovascular system can respond adequately to varying ph-ysiological demands,thereby safeguarding tissue oxygenation and overall organ function during states of stress or illness.The Venous Excess Ultrasound(VExUS)Grading System is instrumental in evaluating fluid intolerance,providing detailed insights into venous congestion and fluid status.It was originally developed to assess the risk of acute kidney injury in postoperative cardiac patients,but its versatility has enabled broader applications in nephrology and critical care settings.This mini review explores VE×US’s application and its impact on fluid management and patient outcomes in critically ill patients.
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD)is widely employed for sludge stabilization and waste reduction.However,the slow hydrolysis process hinders methane production and leads to prolonged sludge issues.In this study,an efficient and eco-friendly lysozyme pre-treatment method was utilized to address these challenges.By optimizing lysozyme dosage,hydrolysis and cell lysis were maximized.Furthermore,lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment enhanced overall efficiency.Results indicate that:(1)When lysozyme dosage reached 90 mg/g TS after 240 min of pretreatment,SCOD,soluble polysaccharides,and protein content reached their maxima at 855.00,44.09,and 204.86 mg/L,respectively.This represented an increase of 85.87%,365.58%,and 259.21%compared to the untreated sludge.Threedimensional fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the highest fluorescence intensity in the IV region(soluble microbial product),promoting microbial metabolic activity.(2)Lysozyme combined with hydrothermal pretreatment significantly increased SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release from sludge,reducing SCOD release time.Orthogonal experiments identified Group 3 as the most effective for SCOD and soluble polysaccharide release,while Group 9 released the most soluble proteins.The significance order of factors influencing SCOD,soluble proteins,and polysaccharide release is hydrothermal temperature>hydrothermal time>enzymatic digestion time.(3)The lysozyme-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment group exhibited the fastest release and the highest SCOD concentration of 8,135.00 mg/L during anaerobic digestion.Maximum SCOD consumption and cumulative gas production increased by 95.89%and 130.58%,respectively,compared to the control group,allowing gas production to conclude 3 days earlier.
基金supported by a Grant-inAid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(grant no.22J23183)。
文摘Climate change is a pressing global environmental issue^([1]).The gradual rise in global surface temperature is the most immediate and direct among its public health impacts.Influenza,the leading cause of human respiratory viral infections,remains a substantial public health concern owing to its considerable disease burden,particularly in highrisk groups.Mounting epidemiological evidence has linked influenza to extreme heat and cold weather^([2–4]).
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03149).
文摘Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus species within sludge was difficult to release into the fermentation liquor.To address this,this study evaluated the enhanced phosphorus release performance from sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds(Fe-P)via co-fermenting it with agriculture wastes.Specifically,protein-rich feather(Feather Group)and polysaccharide-rich tea residue(Tea Group)was respectively dosed into batch-scale fermentation jar.Results showed that the Feather Group exhibited significantly higher levels of released soluble phosphorus(2.1 folds)and volatile fatty acids(41.4 folds)compared to the Control Group,with concentrations reaching up to 280 mg/L and 9366 mg chemical oxygen demand/L,respectively.The activities ofα-glucosidase,neutral protease and acetate kinase in the Feather group were increased by 11.1%,92.3%and 37.6%,respectively,compared with the Control group.Methanogen abundance decreased while hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria increased significantly after supplying agricultural wastes.Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a significant increase in genes related to acetic acid synthesis.Mechanism elucidation suggested that increased iron-reducing bacteria abundance promoted Fe3+reduction into Fe2+,thus enhancing phosphorus release from Fe-P compounds.This work may provide valuable information for developing effective strategy to extract phosphorus resource from complex environmental wastes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U21A20164National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China under Grant No.51825904。
文摘Seismic-induced liquefaction of sandy soils can fail foundations in the vicinity of buildings.To investigate the effect of a non-free field subsurface seismic history on the ability of saturated sandy soils to resist liquefaction,four shaking events with different accelerations were input to the sandy soils in the non-free-field.The results of the study revealed that:(1)Shallow soils that are not free-field undergo acceleration amplification effects after being subjected to seismic loading.(2)Building overburden pressure reduces the sensitivity of the shallow soils directly below in small and moderate earthquakes,which are more prone to rearranging and forming unstable structures under strong seismic effects.The excess pore pressure response on the load side resembles that of a free site,with the depth range of the liquefaction strength of soils affected by the seismic history,increasing progressively as input seismic intensity increases.(3)After experiencing earthquakes of different intensities,the excess pore pressure directly below the building overburden pressure at 0.1 m and 0.2 m is greater than that at the side.At the same time,the side of the building structure is more prone to liquefaction than the soil directly below it.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077137).
文摘Under the“dual carbon”goals,this paper constructs an optimization model of the comprehensive energy system in the park.A stepwise carbon excess rate mechanism and an electric vehicle coupling strategy are proposed:A carbon quota trading system is established based on the baseline method,and the stepwise function is adopted to quantify the cost of excess carbon emissions;Introduce the price demand response and the two-way interaction mechanism of electric Vehicle vehicle-to-grid(V2G)to enhance the flexible regulation ability.Aiming at the uncertainty of wind and solar output,a typical scene set is generated by combining Latin hypercube sampling with the scene reduction method.The goal is to minimize the operating cost and maximize the consumption of renewable energy,and it is solved through the CPLEX solver in the MATLAB platform.Through simulation verification of the proposed models and methods in various scenarios,the simulation results show that under the coupling of the carbon excess rate trading mechanism,the demand response mechanism,and the vehicle-to-grid interaction of electric vehicles,the total daily operating cost of the system decreases by 25.3%,reduce the dual pressure of energy consumption costs and the economic environment,and achieve the coordinated optimization of economic and ecological benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61774152),which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Avalanche photodiode(APD)is a kind of photodetector with important applications in optical communication,light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and other fields.APDs fabricated using the recently developed AlGaAsSb as the multiplication material exhibit excellent noise performance.In this work,we report a low-noise separate absorption,grading,charge,and multi-plication(SAGCM)InGaAs/AlGaAsSb APD operating at 1550 nm.A double-mesa structure was fabricated to reduce the dark cur-rent.Numerical simulations were conducted to compare two different mesa-structured APDs.By analyzing the electric field distri-bution,it was found that the electric field at the edge of the multiplication region in the double-mesa APD is nearly 100 kV/cm lower than that of the single-mesa structure.Experimental results demonstrate that after device punch-through,the double-mesa APD’s dark current can be reduced by up to four times compared to the single-mesa APD.Quantitative analysis of the dark current components in the AlGaAsSb APD further confirms that the low sidewall electric field in the double-mesa struc-ture effectively suppresses the trap-assisted tunneling.Additionally,noise measurements indicate a k-value of approximately 0.014,which is significantly lower than that of traditional multiplication materials.This work provides preliminary validation for further performance improvements in low noise and low dark current AlGaAsSb APDs.
文摘A new report from Jeanologia highlights theurgent need for the denim industry to adopt saferalternatives to harmful chemicals.The study alsostresses reducing excessive water use in garmentfinishing.The report,compiled in 2024,analyzed datafrom more than ll5,000 dentm finishing processes.lt found that 24%of denim finishing processes stilluse hazardous chemicals,posing risks to both theenvironment and the health of workers.
基金supported by the International Joint Research Project of Huiyan International College,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University(Grant Number:ICER202102).
文摘Objectives:Short video addiction has emerged as a significant public health issue in recent years,with a growing trend toward severity.However,research on the causes and impacts of short video addiction remains limited,and understanding of the variable“TikTok brain”is still in its infancy.Therefore,based on the Stimulus-Organism-Behavior-Consequence(SOBC)framework,we proposed six research hypotheses and constructed a model to explore the relationships between short video usage intensity,TikTok brain,short video addiction,and decreased attention control.Methods:Given that students are considered a high-risk group for excessive short video use,we collected 1086 valid participants from Chinese student users,including 609 males(56.1%)and 477 females(43.9%),with an average participant age of 19.84 years,to test the hypotheses.Results:(1)Short video usage intensity was positively related to short video addiction,TikTok brain,and decreased attention control;(2)TikTok brain was positively related to short video addiction and decreased attention control;and(3)Short video addiction was positively related to decreased attention control.Conclusions:These findings suggest that although excessive use of short video applications brings negative consequences,users still spend significant amounts of time on these platforms,indicating a need for strict self-regulation of usage time.
基金supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research VIDI(grant number:198.007).
文摘Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Young Scientist Project(No.2024YFC2911000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52108308).
文摘A rising water table increases soil water content,reduces soil strength,and amplifies vibrations under identical train loads,thereby posing greater risks to train operations.To investigate this phenomenon,we used a 2.5D finite element(FE)model of a coupled vehicle–embankment–ground system based on Biot’s theory.The ground properties were derived from a typical soil profile of the Yangtze River basin,using geological data from Shanghai,China.The findings indicate that a rise in the water table leads to increased dynamic displacements of both the track and the ground.This amplification effect extends beyond the depth of the water table,impacting the entire embankment–foundation cross-section,and intensifies with higher train speeds.However,the water table rise has a limited impact on the critical speed of trains and dominant frequency contents.The dynamic response of the embankment is more significantly affected by water table rises within the subgrade than by those within the ground.When the water table rises into the subgrade,significant excess pore pressure is generated inside the embankment,causing a substantial drop in effective stress.As a result,the stress path of the soil elements in the subgrade approaches the Mohr-Coulomb failure line,increasing the likelihood of soil failure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102200)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen,Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515130002)+1 种基金International Joint Research Center for Electric Vehicle Power Battery and Materials(No.2015B01015)Guangdong Key Laboratory of Design and Calculation of New Energy Materials(No.2017B030301013).
文摘The zero-strain spinel Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding cycling stability.However,the limited theoretic specific capacity,low Li^(+) diffusion coefficient and electronic conductivity severely hinder its practical application.In this study,we demonstrate a strategy of introducing abundant oxygen vacancies not only on the surface and but also inside the bulk of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)particles via reductive thermal sintering.The oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),leading to a remarkable improvement in rate performance and a reduction in polarization.Moreover,additional lithium-ion accommodation sites can be created at the defective surface,contributing to a high specific capacity of over 200 mAh g^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42161007)the Innovation Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Gansu Province(2021B-081)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province(20JR10RA112).
文摘Precipitation isotopes(δ^(18)O and δ^(2)H)are closely related to meteorological conditions for precipitation generation and the initial state of water vapor source areas,and are essential to the study of the regional hydrological cycle.The deuterium excess(d-excess)indicates deviation in isotope fractionation during evaporation and can trace water vapor sources.This study analyzed 443 precipitation samples collected from the Gannan Plateau,China in 2022 to assess precipitation isotope variations and their driving factors.Water vapor sources were evaluated using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT),Concentration Weighted Trajectory(CWT),and Potential Source Contribution Factor(PSCF)models.Results showed that precipitation isotope values showed significant spatial and temporal variations on the Gannan Plateau.Temporally,precipitation isotope values peaked in June(when evaporation dominated)and minimized in March(depletion effect of air masses in the westerly wind belt).Spatially,the isotope values showed a distribution pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",which was mainly regulated by the differences in altitude and local meteorological conditions.Compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL)with equation of δ^(2)H=8.00δ^(18)O+10.00,the slope and intercept of local meteoric water line(LMWL)for precipitation on the Gannan Plateau were smaller(7.49 and 7.63,respectively),reflecting the existence of a stronger secondary evaporation effect under the clouds in the region.The sources of water vapor on the Gannan Plateau showed significant seasonality and spatial heterogeneity.Specifically,the westerly belt and monsoon were the main water vapor transport paths at each sampling point,with Central Asian continental water vapor dominating in spring(53.49%),Indian Ocean water vapor dominating in summer(52.53%),Atlantic Ocean water vapor dominating in autumn(46.74%),and Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea water vapor dominating in winter(42.30%and 33.68%,respectively).Changes in the intensity of convective activity and Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)affected the enrichment of isotopic values,which exhibited the same change trends as δ^(18)O.During the precipitation process,the δ^(18)O value first decreased and then increased.During the initial and final stages of precipitation process,precipitation was mainly influenced by continental air masses,while during the middle stage,it was controlled by marine air masses.The systematic research on precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources is important for climate change research and extreme precipitation prediction on the Gannan Plateau and other similar areas.
