Introduction: Studies on RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and cardiovascular risk in African countries are scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between RA and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian patients. Method...Introduction: Studies on RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and cardiovascular risk in African countries are scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between RA and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian patients. Methodology: In 50 Black RA patients and 51 matched healthy individuals from the general population, we studied cardiovascular risk factors validated by the WHO. Cardiovascular risks estimates were carried out using WHO risk charts for the African region. Epi-info, R and SPPS were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Overall and abdominal adiposity as expressed by increased body mass index and abdominal obesity, were all markedly increased in RA patients compared to non-RA subjects [70% vs. 47%, OR (95% CI) = 2.62 (1.16 - 5.94), p = 0.026;and 54% vs. 33%, OR (95% CI) = 2.34 (1.05 - 5.25), p = 0.045 respectively]. RA patients were more physically inactive than their non-RA counterparts (20% vs. 0, p = 0.001). Whereas RA was associated with a reduced odds of alcoholism [OR (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.06 - 0.62), p = 0.005]. Increased BMI seemed to occur independently of methotrexate (p = 0.76), hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.59), corticosteroids (p = 0.79) treatments, and independently of sex (p = 0.15), age (p = 0.67), and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.16) in RA patients;but their BMI was weakly correlated with disease duration (r = 0.26;p = 0.074). Meanwhile, male gender was associated with a reduced odds of abdominal obesity [OR (95% CI) = 0.02 (0 - 0.4), p = 0.011]. Cardiovascular risk, comparable by proportions between RA and non-RA subjects, was low in 26 patients (78.8%) and 30 non-RA subjects (83.3%) respectively. Conclusion: Despite the high adiposity burden and a sedentary lifestyle experienced by RA patients compared to their healthy counterparts, RA was not associated with cardiovascular risk as estimated by WHO risk charts.展开更多
The term“Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic(CKM)syndrome”has emerged over the past few years to underscore the close and interactive relationship between diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,excess adiposity,hypertension,car...The term“Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic(CKM)syndrome”has emerged over the past few years to underscore the close and interactive relationship between diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,excess adiposity,hypertension,cardiovascular complications,and chronic kidney disease(CKD).[1]It is defined and classified into five stages,ranging from the absence of CKM risk factors(Stage 0)to the establishment of clinical cardiovascular disease(CVD)(Stage 4),which highlights the progressive nature of its pathophysiology and the need for early identification for timely management to prevent the progression of CKM syndrome.[1]These CKM conditions often coexist in the same patient,and each exerts a negative impact on the progression of the other conditions,resulting in worsening of a patient’s clinical outcome.The prevalence of patients with CKM abnormalities is rapidly increasing globally,especially in Southeast Asia region,and projected to continue to increase through 2046.[2]In addition to the morbidity,mortality,and suffering imparted on patients and their families,CKM diseases present an escalating healthcare burden to society.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Studies on RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and cardiovascular risk in African countries are scarce. Objective: To investigate the relationship between RA and cardiovascular risk in Cameroonian patients. Methodology: In 50 Black RA patients and 51 matched healthy individuals from the general population, we studied cardiovascular risk factors validated by the WHO. Cardiovascular risks estimates were carried out using WHO risk charts for the African region. Epi-info, R and SPPS were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Overall and abdominal adiposity as expressed by increased body mass index and abdominal obesity, were all markedly increased in RA patients compared to non-RA subjects [70% vs. 47%, OR (95% CI) = 2.62 (1.16 - 5.94), p = 0.026;and 54% vs. 33%, OR (95% CI) = 2.34 (1.05 - 5.25), p = 0.045 respectively]. RA patients were more physically inactive than their non-RA counterparts (20% vs. 0, p = 0.001). Whereas RA was associated with a reduced odds of alcoholism [OR (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.06 - 0.62), p = 0.005]. Increased BMI seemed to occur independently of methotrexate (p = 0.76), hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.59), corticosteroids (p = 0.79) treatments, and independently of sex (p = 0.15), age (p = 0.67), and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.16) in RA patients;but their BMI was weakly correlated with disease duration (r = 0.26;p = 0.074). Meanwhile, male gender was associated with a reduced odds of abdominal obesity [OR (95% CI) = 0.02 (0 - 0.4), p = 0.011]. Cardiovascular risk, comparable by proportions between RA and non-RA subjects, was low in 26 patients (78.8%) and 30 non-RA subjects (83.3%) respectively. Conclusion: Despite the high adiposity burden and a sedentary lifestyle experienced by RA patients compared to their healthy counterparts, RA was not associated with cardiovascular risk as estimated by WHO risk charts.
文摘The term“Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic(CKM)syndrome”has emerged over the past few years to underscore the close and interactive relationship between diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,excess adiposity,hypertension,cardiovascular complications,and chronic kidney disease(CKD).[1]It is defined and classified into five stages,ranging from the absence of CKM risk factors(Stage 0)to the establishment of clinical cardiovascular disease(CVD)(Stage 4),which highlights the progressive nature of its pathophysiology and the need for early identification for timely management to prevent the progression of CKM syndrome.[1]These CKM conditions often coexist in the same patient,and each exerts a negative impact on the progression of the other conditions,resulting in worsening of a patient’s clinical outcome.The prevalence of patients with CKM abnormalities is rapidly increasing globally,especially in Southeast Asia region,and projected to continue to increase through 2046.[2]In addition to the morbidity,mortality,and suffering imparted on patients and their families,CKM diseases present an escalating healthcare burden to society.
