The morphological characteristics of the hind wing venation of tetrigids were analyzed on the basis of morphometric measurement, with 20 species and 18 different variables selected for this study. Results show that th...The morphological characteristics of the hind wing venation of tetrigids were analyzed on the basis of morphometric measurement, with 20 species and 18 different variables selected for this study. Results show that three principal components have a higher load at the length between the starting point of the costal vein and the tip of the fourth anal vein, between the tip of the costal vein and the tip of the third anal vein, and between the tip of the costal vein and the tip of the eleventh anal vein. There exists a contrast between wing length and width.展开更多
As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relativel...As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.展开更多
The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental bi...The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo)is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that aims to elucidate the origin of life and histological processes that drive diversification.However,the long-standing reliance on terrestrial model species used in comparative studies overlooks the insights offered by marine life.Expanding the use of emerging marine organisms to address this knowledge gap can revolutionize evo-devo.Lophotrochozoa,one of the three major groups of Bilateria,ranks among the most species-rich clades and encompasses mollusks,annelids,flatworms,and other invertebrates.Lophotrochozoans exhibit a remarkable variety of life cycles and body plans(Figure 1),yet they have remained relatively less explored.Shifting greater focus to marine lophotrochozoans offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the evolutionary history of life.This commentary highlights recent breakthroughs and emerging frontiers in marine evo-devo research by focusing on lophotrochozoans and highlights multiple biological perspectives.展开更多
This review concentrates on the greatest anatomical and morphological evolutionary innovations of the vertebrates.During evolution,many new species of vertebrates evolved and underwent modifications by developing new ...This review concentrates on the greatest anatomical and morphological evolutionary innovations of the vertebrates.During evolution,many new species of vertebrates evolved and underwent modifications by developing new forms,structures and functions of tissues and organ systems.Evolutionary development of the chordates and vertebrates is herein examined in terms of innovations in their organ systems and organismal complexity.Phases during chordate and vertebrate evolutionary history with unusually high rates of increase in morphological complexity are discussed.These increases in complexity in particular chordates and vertebrates coincided with a likely genome duplication event,which resulted in a large increase in genome size and gene number in early vertebrates,and might indicate an increase in complexity.The Hox and Pax gene families are also discussed because both illustrate the relationships between organismal and molecular complexity.Most unique innovations of vertebrates caused major changes in their organismal complexity,and these changes provided new options for future evolutionary development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560604,31160433)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2015GXNSFAA139071)
文摘The morphological characteristics of the hind wing venation of tetrigids were analyzed on the basis of morphometric measurement, with 20 species and 18 different variables selected for this study. Results show that three principal components have a higher load at the length between the starting point of the costal vein and the tip of the fourth anal vein, between the tip of the costal vein and the tip of the third anal vein, and between the tip of the costal vein and the tip of the eleventh anal vein. There exists a contrast between wing length and width.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41171107No.41371143
文摘As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.
基金support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2401400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222085 and 32130107)the Taishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong Province of China.
文摘The Earth has 71%of its surface covered by oceans and is home to an astonishing diversity of marine life.Unveiling the history of life requires examining the mysteries of marine organisms.Evolutionary developmental biology(evo-devo)is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field that aims to elucidate the origin of life and histological processes that drive diversification.However,the long-standing reliance on terrestrial model species used in comparative studies overlooks the insights offered by marine life.Expanding the use of emerging marine organisms to address this knowledge gap can revolutionize evo-devo.Lophotrochozoa,one of the three major groups of Bilateria,ranks among the most species-rich clades and encompasses mollusks,annelids,flatworms,and other invertebrates.Lophotrochozoans exhibit a remarkable variety of life cycles and body plans(Figure 1),yet they have remained relatively less explored.Shifting greater focus to marine lophotrochozoans offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the evolutionary history of life.This commentary highlights recent breakthroughs and emerging frontiers in marine evo-devo research by focusing on lophotrochozoans and highlights multiple biological perspectives.
文摘This review concentrates on the greatest anatomical and morphological evolutionary innovations of the vertebrates.During evolution,many new species of vertebrates evolved and underwent modifications by developing new forms,structures and functions of tissues and organ systems.Evolutionary development of the chordates and vertebrates is herein examined in terms of innovations in their organ systems and organismal complexity.Phases during chordate and vertebrate evolutionary history with unusually high rates of increase in morphological complexity are discussed.These increases in complexity in particular chordates and vertebrates coincided with a likely genome duplication event,which resulted in a large increase in genome size and gene number in early vertebrates,and might indicate an increase in complexity.The Hox and Pax gene families are also discussed because both illustrate the relationships between organismal and molecular complexity.Most unique innovations of vertebrates caused major changes in their organismal complexity,and these changes provided new options for future evolutionary development.
