From the case study of Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill,one of the West Lake Cultural Landscapes in Hangzhou,China,we investigated the soundscape of a scenic area with a profound cultural background.First,we condu...From the case study of Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill,one of the West Lake Cultural Landscapes in Hangzhou,China,we investigated the soundscape of a scenic area with a profound cultural background.First,we conducted the soundscape physical index of the area in both winter and spring seasons to analyze its objective graphical expression.Second,we focused on people's reactions to the soundscape in order to obtain a subjective evaluation of each component in the soundscape and integrated environment.Then,the relationship between the objective data and the subjective evaluation was analyzed.Finally,the impacts of the natural environment,history,and cultural factors on the evaluation of the Jingci Temple soundscape were studied.It was found that natural sounds,cultural sounds,and historic sounds were widely acclaimed in people's subjective feelings,which indicated the close relationships among historical and cultural background,soundscape,and natural environment.Thus,the conclusion was made that soundscape should be consistent with the local natural environment and the historical and cultural background.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injuries with a poor prognosis are common.Evening primrose oil（EPO） has beneficial biological effects and immunomodulatory properties.Since electrical activity plays a major role in neural regenerat...Peripheral nerve injuries with a poor prognosis are common.Evening primrose oil（EPO） has beneficial biological effects and immunomodulatory properties.Since electrical activity plays a major role in neural regeneration,the present study investigated the effects of electrical stimulation（ES）,combined with evening primrose oil（EPO）,on sciatic nerve function after a crush injury in rats.In anesthetized rats,the sciatic nerve was crushed using small haemostatic forceps followed by ES and/or EPO treatment for 4 weeks.Functional recovery of the sciatic nerve was assessed using the sciatic functional index.Histopathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle atrophy were investigated by light microscopy.Electrophysiological changes were assessed by the nerve conduction velocity of sciatic nerves.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the remyelination of the sciatic nerve following the interventions.EPO ＋ ES,EPO,and ES obviously improved sciatic nerve function assessed by the sciatic functional index and nerve conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve at 28 days after operation.Expression of the peripheral nerve remyelination marker,protein zero（P0）,was increased in the treatment groups at 28 days after operation.Muscle atrophy severity was decreased significantly while the nerve conduction velocity was increased significantly in rats with sciatic nerve injury in the injury ＋ EPO ＋ ES group than in the EPO or ES group.Totally speaking,the combined use of EPO and ES may produce an improving effect on the function of sciatic nerves injured by a crush.The increased expression of P0 may have contributed to improving the functional effects of combination therapy with EPO and ES as well as the electrophysiological and histopathological features of the injured peripheral nerve.展开更多
On November 10, China （Chaozhou） International Wedding ＆ Evening Dress Week, sponsored by the China National Garment Association and the China Fashion Association, was inaugurated in Chaozhou.
罗伯特·弗罗斯特是20世纪美国最受欢迎的诗人之一,曾四度获得普利策奖。其代表作之一＂Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening＂已被译成多种版本来供中国的广大读者阅读与欣赏。本文通过文学文体学理论,从词汇表达、句法结构、修...罗伯特·弗罗斯特是20世纪美国最受欢迎的诗人之一,曾四度获得普利策奖。其代表作之一＂Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening＂已被译成多种版本来供中国的广大读者阅读与欣赏。本文通过文学文体学理论,从词汇表达、句法结构、修辞特征、衔接与语境四个方面对比与欣赏余光中和顾子欣对该诗的译本,揭示文学文体学理论对评价诗歌文体翻译的指导意义。展开更多
According to Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional model of discourse analysis, this paper studies the transcription of the 315 evening party to explore the ideologies hidden behind. Based on the analysis, this pa...According to Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional model of discourse analysis, this paper studies the transcription of the 315 evening party to explore the ideologies hidden behind. Based on the analysis, this paper concludes that the coexistence of the legal conscience and the ethnics and their competing relationship are the underlying causes of the emergence of the 315 evening party.展开更多
Plants initiate leaf senescence to reallocate energy and nutrients from aging to developing tissues for optimizing growth fitness and reproduction at the end of the growing season or under stress. Jasmonate （JA）, a ...Plants initiate leaf senescence to reallocate energy and nutrients from aging to developing tissues for optimizing growth fitness and reproduction at the end of the growing season or under stress. Jasmonate （JA）, a lipid-derived phytohormone, is known as an important endogenous signal in inducing leaf senescence. However, whether and how the circadian clock gates JA signaling to induce leaf senescence in plants remains elusive. In this study, we show that Evening Complex （EC）, a core component of the circadian oscillator, negatively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptomic profiling analysis reveals that EC is closely involved in JA signaling and response, consistent with accelerated leaf senescence unanimously displayed by EC mutants upon JA induction. We found that EC directly binds the promoter of MYC2, which encodes a key activator of JA-induced leaf senescence, and represses its expression. Ge- netic analysis further demonstrated that the accelerated JA-induced leaf senescence in EC mutants is abrogated by myc2 myc3 myc4 triple mutation. Collectively, these results reveal a critical molecular mechanism illustrating how the core component of the circadian clock gates JA signaling to regulate leaf senescence.展开更多
Soybean,a typical short-day crop,is sensitive to photoperiod,which is a major limiting factor defining its north-to-south cultivation range.The long-juvenile(LJ)trait is controlled primarily by the J locus which has b...Soybean,a typical short-day crop,is sensitive to photoperiod,which is a major limiting factor defining its north-to-south cultivation range.The long-juvenile(LJ)trait is controlled primarily by the J locus which has been used for decades by soybean breeders to delay flowering and improve grain yield in tropical regions.The J gene encodes an ortholog of the Arabidopsis Evening Complex(EC)component EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3).To identify modifiers of J,we conducted a forward genetic screen and isolated a mutant(eoj57)that in combination with j has longer flowering delay compared with j single mutant plants.Map-based cloning and genome re-sequencing identified eoj57(designated as GmLUX2)as an ortholog of the Arabidopsis EC component LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX).To validate that GmLUX2 is a modifier of J,we used trans-complementation and identified a natural variant allele with a similar phenotype.We also show that GmLUX2 physically interacts with GmELF3a/b and binds DNA,whereas the mutant and natural variant are attenuated in both activities.Transcriptome analysis shows that the GmLUX2-GmELF3a complex co-regulates the expression of several circadian clock-associated genes and directly represses E1 expression.These results provide mechanistic insight into how GmLUX2-GmELF3 controls flowering time via synergistic regulation of gene expression.These novel insights expand our understanding of the regulation of the EC complex,and facilitate the development of soybean varieties adapted for growth at lower latitudes.展开更多
Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2(...Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2(Nrf2)activation of glucose metabolism.Nrf2 is an essential controller of cellular anti-oxidative capacity and circadian rhythms.The circadian rhythm of Nrf2 is influenced by circadian genes on its expression,where the timing of exercise effects the activation of Nrf2 and the rhythmicity of Nrf2 and signaling,such that the timing of exercise has differential physiological effects.Exercise in the evening has beneficial effects on diabetes management,such as lowering of blood glucose and weight.The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been associated with the influence of exercise on the circadian rhythm of Nrf2 activity.A better understanding of exercise-induced Nrf2 activation on Nrf2 rhythm and signaling can improve our appreciation of the distinct effects of morning and evening exercise.This review hypothesizes that activation of Nrf2 by exercise in the morning,when Nrf2 level is already at high levels,leads to hyperactivation and decrease in Nrf2 signaling,while activation of Nrf2 in the evening,when Nrf2 levels are at nadir levels,improves Nrf2 signaling and lowers blood glucose levels and increases fatty acid oxidation.Exploring the effects of Nrf2 activators on rhythmic signaling could also provide valuable insights into the optimal timing of their application,while also holding promise for timed treatment of type 2 diabetes.展开更多
The present study attempts to determine diurnal changes by testing the differential sensitivity and temporal resolution in morning-type,evening-type,and intermediate-type individuals with normal hearing.Thirty partici...The present study attempts to determine diurnal changes by testing the differential sensitivity and temporal resolution in morning-type,evening-type,and intermediate-type individuals with normal hearing.Thirty participants with normal hearing were divided into morningtype,evening-type,and intermediate-type using“MorningnesseEveningness Questionnaire”.The tests of differential sensitivity and temporal resolution were administered to all the participants in the morning and evening,respectively.The differences in the test results between different timing across all the three groups were analyzed.The results of the study showed that there was a significant diurnal effect on psychoacoustic tests as morning-type individuals performed better when tested in morning and evening-type performed better when they were tested in evening.However,there was no diurnal effect found in intermediate group.The lack of inhibitory control and poor cognitive load in off peak time could have lead to poor scores.Thus,the variable of diurnal effects should be considered in further studies on psychoacoustic tests,especially in young adults.Furthermore,studies could be performed to explore diurnal effects on objective audiological tests in a larger group of population in the future.展开更多
Great and Boundless Love-Evening Party in Commemoration of the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of Premier Zhou Enlai,jointly sponsored by the CPAFFC,Michael Eric Bosman Hotung Foundation of Hong Kong and the National C...Great and Boundless Love-Evening Party in Commemoration of the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of Premier Zhou Enlai,jointly sponsored by the CPAFFC,Michael Eric Bosman Hotung Foundation of Hong Kong and the National Centre for the Performing Arts and presented by the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development,was held on the evening of March 4 at the National Centre for the Performing Arts.Gu Xiulian,vice chairperson of the NPC Standing Committee,Abdul’ahat Abdurixit and Chen Kuiyuan,vice chairmen of the CPPCC National Committee,and other state leaders attended the evening party.Leading members of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,the Ministry of Culture,the State Administration of Radio,Film and Television and the Beijing Municipal People’s Government,CPAFFC President Chen Haosu,Vice Presidents Li Xiaolin,Feng Zuoku,Li Jianping and Secretary General Luo Qin were also present on the occasion.展开更多
This month I’m writing from Song Jiang Number Two Middle School, my home for the summer holidays. There are six other foreign teachers here——three British, two Americans and one Peruvian. After two weeks together w...This month I’m writing from Song Jiang Number Two Middle School, my home for the summer holidays. There are six other foreign teachers here——three British, two Americans and one Peruvian. After two weeks together we’re really good mates, sharing adventures on a daily basis.展开更多
Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fag...Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.展开更多
The crevice corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions(SCPSs)containing 0.04 mol/L chloride was investigated.In comparison,the steel without crevice covered on its surface w...The crevice corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions(SCPSs)containing 0.04 mol/L chloride was investigated.In comparison,the steel without crevice covered on its surface was also studied.Results showed that the crevice corrosion in the uncarbonated SCPS was not triggered and the steel remained passivity by suppressing the anodic dissolution in the crevice interior.As SCPS was carbonated to have pH values of 10.5 and 11.5,the crevice corrosion was easier to be activated than the widely reported pitting corrosion owing to the rapid oxygen depletion within the crevice,but the crevice corrosion damage might be alleviated to a certain extent due to the relative compact surface film formed inside the crevice.The further carbonation led to the activation dissolution of both the crevice interior and exterior,causing the more serious corrosion damage.Corrosion process of the crevice corrosion was systematically analyzed by combining the electrochemical measurement results and Evens polarization diagram.展开更多
To explore the factors controlling human activity in Northeast Asia during the last deglaciation,this study synthesizes six pollen records from lakes and peatlands,alongside four paleotemperature records from terrestr...To explore the factors controlling human activity in Northeast Asia during the last deglaciation,this study synthesizes six pollen records from lakes and peatlands,alongside four paleotemperature records from terrestrial sedimentary sequences in this region.We simulated potential hunter-gatherer population densities using the Minimalist Terrestrial Resource Model(MTRM),and calculated vegetation openness,rate of change,and evenness based on pollen data.The results reveal a direct relationship between plant resources and hunter-gatherer populations from 20.9 to 10.2 ka BP.The synchronous increases in plant resources and population density from the Last Glacial(LG)to the B?lling-Aller?d(BA)warm period,as well as from the Younger Dryas(YD)to the early Holocene(EH),with stasis during the YD,suggest that resource availability was a key driver of human activity.Redundancy analysis(RDA)of pollen and paleotemperature records indicated that vegetation and plant resources were more closely linked to the mean annual air temperature,with winter characteristics,from the LG to the YD,whereas warm-season temperatures played a more significant role during the EH.This research emphasizes that variations in resource accessibility,rather than direct climate effects alone,were likely pivotal in shaping human activity responses to environmental changes.展开更多
[问][387]新修订的《大学英语》(上海外语教育出版社,1997年12月第2版)精读第三册第8单元中有一个句子(p.175):Attitudes to wards daydreamingare changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming havechanged.请...[问][387]新修订的《大学英语》(上海外语教育出版社,1997年12月第2版)精读第三册第8单元中有一个句子(p.175):Attitudes to wards daydreamingare changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming havechanged.请问that在这里起什么作用呢?展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51078325)the State Key Lab of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology,China
文摘From the case study of Evening Bell Ringing at Nanping Hill,one of the West Lake Cultural Landscapes in Hangzhou,China,we investigated the soundscape of a scenic area with a profound cultural background.First,we conducted the soundscape physical index of the area in both winter and spring seasons to analyze its objective graphical expression.Second,we focused on people's reactions to the soundscape in order to obtain a subjective evaluation of each component in the soundscape and integrated environment.Then,the relationship between the objective data and the subjective evaluation was analyzed.Finally,the impacts of the natural environment,history,and cultural factors on the evaluation of the Jingci Temple soundscape were studied.It was found that natural sounds,cultural sounds,and historic sounds were widely acclaimed in people's subjective feelings,which indicated the close relationships among historical and cultural background,soundscape,and natural environment.Thus,the conclusion was made that soundscape should be consistent with the local natural environment and the historical and cultural background.
基金financially supported by the Neuroscience Research Center of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran
文摘Peripheral nerve injuries with a poor prognosis are common.Evening primrose oil（EPO） has beneficial biological effects and immunomodulatory properties.Since electrical activity plays a major role in neural regeneration,the present study investigated the effects of electrical stimulation（ES）,combined with evening primrose oil（EPO）,on sciatic nerve function after a crush injury in rats.In anesthetized rats,the sciatic nerve was crushed using small haemostatic forceps followed by ES and/or EPO treatment for 4 weeks.Functional recovery of the sciatic nerve was assessed using the sciatic functional index.Histopathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle atrophy were investigated by light microscopy.Electrophysiological changes were assessed by the nerve conduction velocity of sciatic nerves.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the remyelination of the sciatic nerve following the interventions.EPO ＋ ES,EPO,and ES obviously improved sciatic nerve function assessed by the sciatic functional index and nerve conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve at 28 days after operation.Expression of the peripheral nerve remyelination marker,protein zero（P0）,was increased in the treatment groups at 28 days after operation.Muscle atrophy severity was decreased significantly while the nerve conduction velocity was increased significantly in rats with sciatic nerve injury in the injury ＋ EPO ＋ ES group than in the EPO or ES group.Totally speaking,the combined use of EPO and ES may produce an improving effect on the function of sciatic nerves injured by a crush.The increased expression of P0 may have contributed to improving the functional effects of combination therapy with EPO and ES as well as the electrophysiological and histopathological features of the injured peripheral nerve.
文摘On November 10, China （Chaozhou） International Wedding ＆ Evening Dress Week, sponsored by the China National Garment Association and the China Fashion Association, was inaugurated in Chaozhou.
文摘罗伯特·弗罗斯特是20世纪美国最受欢迎的诗人之一,曾四度获得普利策奖。其代表作之一＂Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening＂已被译成多种版本来供中国的广大读者阅读与欣赏。本文通过文学文体学理论,从词汇表达、句法结构、修辞特征、衔接与语境四个方面对比与欣赏余光中和顾子欣对该诗的译本,揭示文学文体学理论对评价诗歌文体翻译的指导意义。
文摘According to Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional model of discourse analysis, this paper studies the transcription of the 315 evening party to explore the ideologies hidden behind. Based on the analysis, this paper concludes that the coexistence of the legal conscience and the ethnics and their competing relationship are the underlying causes of the emergence of the 315 evening party.
文摘Plants initiate leaf senescence to reallocate energy and nutrients from aging to developing tissues for optimizing growth fitness and reproduction at the end of the growing season or under stress. Jasmonate （JA）, a lipid-derived phytohormone, is known as an important endogenous signal in inducing leaf senescence. However, whether and how the circadian clock gates JA signaling to induce leaf senescence in plants remains elusive. In this study, we show that Evening Complex （EC）, a core component of the circadian oscillator, negatively regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptomic profiling analysis reveals that EC is closely involved in JA signaling and response, consistent with accelerated leaf senescence unanimously displayed by EC mutants upon JA induction. We found that EC directly binds the promoter of MYC2, which encodes a key activator of JA-induced leaf senescence, and represses its expression. Ge- netic analysis further demonstrated that the accelerated JA-induced leaf senescence in EC mutants is abrogated by myc2 myc3 myc4 triple mutation. Collectively, these results reveal a critical molecular mechanism illustrating how the core component of the circadian clock gates JA signaling to regulate leaf senescence.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271745)to C.Y.the National Key Project for Research on Transgenic Biology in China(2014ZX0800921B)to Y.W.
文摘Soybean,a typical short-day crop,is sensitive to photoperiod,which is a major limiting factor defining its north-to-south cultivation range.The long-juvenile(LJ)trait is controlled primarily by the J locus which has been used for decades by soybean breeders to delay flowering and improve grain yield in tropical regions.The J gene encodes an ortholog of the Arabidopsis Evening Complex(EC)component EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3).To identify modifiers of J,we conducted a forward genetic screen and isolated a mutant(eoj57)that in combination with j has longer flowering delay compared with j single mutant plants.Map-based cloning and genome re-sequencing identified eoj57(designated as GmLUX2)as an ortholog of the Arabidopsis EC component LUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX).To validate that GmLUX2 is a modifier of J,we used trans-complementation and identified a natural variant allele with a similar phenotype.We also show that GmLUX2 physically interacts with GmELF3a/b and binds DNA,whereas the mutant and natural variant are attenuated in both activities.Transcriptome analysis shows that the GmLUX2-GmELF3a complex co-regulates the expression of several circadian clock-associated genes and directly represses E1 expression.These results provide mechanistic insight into how GmLUX2-GmELF3 controls flowering time via synergistic regulation of gene expression.These novel insights expand our understanding of the regulation of the EC complex,and facilitate the development of soybean varieties adapted for growth at lower latitudes.
文摘Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2(Nrf2)activation of glucose metabolism.Nrf2 is an essential controller of cellular anti-oxidative capacity and circadian rhythms.The circadian rhythm of Nrf2 is influenced by circadian genes on its expression,where the timing of exercise effects the activation of Nrf2 and the rhythmicity of Nrf2 and signaling,such that the timing of exercise has differential physiological effects.Exercise in the evening has beneficial effects on diabetes management,such as lowering of blood glucose and weight.The mechanisms responsible for these effects have not yet been associated with the influence of exercise on the circadian rhythm of Nrf2 activity.A better understanding of exercise-induced Nrf2 activation on Nrf2 rhythm and signaling can improve our appreciation of the distinct effects of morning and evening exercise.This review hypothesizes that activation of Nrf2 by exercise in the morning,when Nrf2 level is already at high levels,leads to hyperactivation and decrease in Nrf2 signaling,while activation of Nrf2 in the evening,when Nrf2 levels are at nadir levels,improves Nrf2 signaling and lowers blood glucose levels and increases fatty acid oxidation.Exploring the effects of Nrf2 activators on rhythmic signaling could also provide valuable insights into the optimal timing of their application,while also holding promise for timed treatment of type 2 diabetes.
文摘The present study attempts to determine diurnal changes by testing the differential sensitivity and temporal resolution in morning-type,evening-type,and intermediate-type individuals with normal hearing.Thirty participants with normal hearing were divided into morningtype,evening-type,and intermediate-type using“MorningnesseEveningness Questionnaire”.The tests of differential sensitivity and temporal resolution were administered to all the participants in the morning and evening,respectively.The differences in the test results between different timing across all the three groups were analyzed.The results of the study showed that there was a significant diurnal effect on psychoacoustic tests as morning-type individuals performed better when tested in morning and evening-type performed better when they were tested in evening.However,there was no diurnal effect found in intermediate group.The lack of inhibitory control and poor cognitive load in off peak time could have lead to poor scores.Thus,the variable of diurnal effects should be considered in further studies on psychoacoustic tests,especially in young adults.Furthermore,studies could be performed to explore diurnal effects on objective audiological tests in a larger group of population in the future.
文摘Great and Boundless Love-Evening Party in Commemoration of the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of Premier Zhou Enlai,jointly sponsored by the CPAFFC,Michael Eric Bosman Hotung Foundation of Hong Kong and the National Centre for the Performing Arts and presented by the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development,was held on the evening of March 4 at the National Centre for the Performing Arts.Gu Xiulian,vice chairperson of the NPC Standing Committee,Abdul’ahat Abdurixit and Chen Kuiyuan,vice chairmen of the CPPCC National Committee,and other state leaders attended the evening party.Leading members of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,the Ministry of Culture,the State Administration of Radio,Film and Television and the Beijing Municipal People’s Government,CPAFFC President Chen Haosu,Vice Presidents Li Xiaolin,Feng Zuoku,Li Jianping and Secretary General Luo Qin were also present on the occasion.
文摘This month I’m writing from Song Jiang Number Two Middle School, my home for the summer holidays. There are six other foreign teachers here——three British, two Americans and one Peruvian. After two weeks together we’re really good mates, sharing adventures on a daily basis.
基金funded by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources(grant number 9318124503).
文摘Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.202203021222188 and 202303021211166)Scientific Research Fund of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(Grant No.20222073)+1 种基金Award Fund for Outstanding Doctors in Shanxi Province(Grant No.20232047)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(Grant No.2022L280).
文摘The crevice corrosion of the reinforcing steel in the carbonated simulated concrete pore solutions(SCPSs)containing 0.04 mol/L chloride was investigated.In comparison,the steel without crevice covered on its surface was also studied.Results showed that the crevice corrosion in the uncarbonated SCPS was not triggered and the steel remained passivity by suppressing the anodic dissolution in the crevice interior.As SCPS was carbonated to have pH values of 10.5 and 11.5,the crevice corrosion was easier to be activated than the widely reported pitting corrosion owing to the rapid oxygen depletion within the crevice,but the crevice corrosion damage might be alleviated to a certain extent due to the relative compact surface film formed inside the crevice.The further carbonation led to the activation dissolution of both the crevice interior and exterior,causing the more serious corrosion damage.Corrosion process of the crevice corrosion was systematically analyzed by combining the electrochemical measurement results and Evens polarization diagram.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2020YFA0607700,No.2023YFF0804702National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.T2192954,No.42030507,No.42372352。
文摘To explore the factors controlling human activity in Northeast Asia during the last deglaciation,this study synthesizes six pollen records from lakes and peatlands,alongside four paleotemperature records from terrestrial sedimentary sequences in this region.We simulated potential hunter-gatherer population densities using the Minimalist Terrestrial Resource Model(MTRM),and calculated vegetation openness,rate of change,and evenness based on pollen data.The results reveal a direct relationship between plant resources and hunter-gatherer populations from 20.9 to 10.2 ka BP.The synchronous increases in plant resources and population density from the Last Glacial(LG)to the B?lling-Aller?d(BA)warm period,as well as from the Younger Dryas(YD)to the early Holocene(EH),with stasis during the YD,suggest that resource availability was a key driver of human activity.Redundancy analysis(RDA)of pollen and paleotemperature records indicated that vegetation and plant resources were more closely linked to the mean annual air temperature,with winter characteristics,from the LG to the YD,whereas warm-season temperatures played a more significant role during the EH.This research emphasizes that variations in resource accessibility,rather than direct climate effects alone,were likely pivotal in shaping human activity responses to environmental changes.
文摘[问][387]新修订的《大学英语》(上海外语教育出版社,1997年12月第2版)精读第三册第8单元中有一个句子(p.175):Attitudes to wards daydreamingare changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming havechanged.请问that在这里起什么作用呢?
