This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and g...This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and geotechnical data analysis,and seismic scenario analysis to develop Probabilistic General Seismic Zoning(GSZ)maps for Kazakhstan and Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning maps for Almaty.These maps align with Eurocode 8 principles,incorporating seismic intensity and engineering parameters like peak ground acceleration(PGA).The new procedure,applied in national projects,has resulted in GSZ maps for the country,seismic microzoning maps for Almaty,and detailed seismic zoning maps for East Kazakhstan.These maps,part of a regulatory document,guide earthquake-resistant design and construction.They offer a comprehensive assessment of seismic hazards,integrating traditional Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik(MSK-64)intensity scale points with quantitative parameters like peak ground acceleration.This innovative approach promises to advance methods for quantifying seismic hazards in specific regions.展开更多
A probabilistic seismic loss assessment of RC high-rise(RCHR)buildings designed according to Eurocode 8 and located in the Southern Euro-Mediterranean zone is presented herein.The loss assessment methodology is based ...A probabilistic seismic loss assessment of RC high-rise(RCHR)buildings designed according to Eurocode 8 and located in the Southern Euro-Mediterranean zone is presented herein.The loss assessment methodology is based on a comprehensive simulation approach which takes into account ground motion(GM)uncertainty,and the random effects in seismic demand,as well as in predicting the damage states(DSs).The methodology is implemented on three RCHR buildings of 20-story,30-story and 40-story with a core wall structural system.The loss functions described by a cumulative lognormal probability distribution are obtained for two intensity levels for a large set of simulations(NLTHAs)based on 60 GM records with a wide range of magnitude(M),distance to source(R)and different site soil conditions(SS).The losses expressed in percent of building replacement cost for RCHR buildings are obtained.In the estimation of losses,both structural(S)and nonstructural(NS)damage for four DSs are considered.The effect of different GM characteristics(M,R and SS)on the obtained losses are investigated.Finally,the estimated performance of the RCHR buildings are checked to ensure that they fulfill limit state requirements according to Eurocode 8.展开更多
The depth adjustment factor for bending strength stated in Eurocode 5(EC5)is only applicable to timbers having a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3).However,most Malaysian timbers are hardwood,some with a charac...The depth adjustment factor for bending strength stated in Eurocode 5(EC5)is only applicable to timbers having a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3).However,most Malaysian timbers are hardwood,some with a characteristic density reaching above 700 kg/m^(3).Therefore,the objective of this study was to examine whether the depth adjustment factor stipulated in EC5 is valid for Malaysian hardwood timbers.Six timber species were selected for this study,namely Kapur(Dryobalanops C.F.Gaertn.),Kempas(Koompassia Maingay ex Benth.),Keruing(Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.),Light red meranti(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.),Geronggang(Cratoxylum Blume)and Balau(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.).The determination of bending strength and characteristic density was conducted according to BS EN 408:2010 and BS EN 384:2016,respectively.A graph for mean bending strength vs.(150/h)was plotted for each timber species.The power function was selected to analyze the relationship between the two variables.The power of the regression equations varied depending on the characteristic density of the timber species.For species with a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3),such as Kapur,Keruing,and Light red meranti,the power was between 0.16 to 0.17.In contrast,for species having a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3),namely Kempas and Balau,the power was higher at 0.23 and 0.24,respectively.Geronggang was an exception to this pattern.These values are close to the depth adjustment factor given in EC5,which is 0.2.Based on the results,it can be suggested that the adjustment factor of 0.2 is also applicable to Malaysian hardwood timbers with a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3).展开更多
The Structural Eurocodes Systems, which are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), have come into trial use in the 28 countries of European Union (EU), and will lay a significant influence on t...The Structural Eurocodes Systems, which are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), have come into trial use in the 28 countries of European Union (EU), and will lay a significant influence on the development of the construction industry and on the international market of construction.展开更多
Since 2015, the Republic of Kazakhstan has a new regulatory framework for construction on the basis of Eurocode. Many new steel quality requirements have been introduced for steel structures. As a result, Kazakhstan’...Since 2015, the Republic of Kazakhstan has a new regulatory framework for construction on the basis of Eurocode. Many new steel quality requirements have been introduced for steel structures. As a result, Kazakhstan’s steel production almost ceased to be used in construction. Therefore, a series of studies is being carried out to determine the quality of local steel for compliance with the requirements of Eurocode 1993. Impact toughness testing was carried out on 126 samples of 8, 10, 20 mm thick structural steel produced by the “Arcelor-Mittal” company. The experimental study of impact toughness of KCV and KCU at a temperature of +20˚, -20˚, -40˚ degrees were conducted for seven types of structural steel, the most common in the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the experimental experimentation facility of the KazRDICA JSC. The ST RK STB EN 10045-1-2012 techniques were used. In each series of tests, 3 specimens were used. It has been established that in all cases the temperature requirements of Eurocode 1993 (National Annex to SP RK EN1993-1-1: 2005/2011*, Table НП.2*) are met. A regression relationship between the values of impact toughness and temperature was constructed. It has been established that construction steel produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan fully complies with the requirements of 1993 Eurocode. The studies on the dependence of Brinell hardness of steel on the impact toughness of steel at specified temperatures are performed. The correlation dependencies between the values of impact toughness and BH Brinell hardness have been obtained.展开更多
The interpretation and application of CPT(cone penetration test)results is characterized by considerable variability of data,either in measured or correlated parameters.According to the requirements of Eurocode 7 the ...The interpretation and application of CPT(cone penetration test)results is characterized by considerable variability of data,either in measured or correlated parameters.According to the requirements of Eurocode 7 the existing variability in soil properties has to be taken into account statistically during the determination of the characteristic values of each parameter.This should be done by selecting a cautious estimate of the value affecting the limit state.Obtaining the characteristic values of CPT measurements is not an easy task and on this aspect nor clear neither unified guidelines exist.This paper focuses in several approaches to characterize the cone resistance and the sleeve friction using simple statistical analysis,in order for these parameters to be applicable in design.Similar procedures are then applied to determine the characteristic values of correlated parameters from CPT such as the effective friction angle for sands and the undrained shear strength for clays.The resulting characteristic values of the considered parameters emphasize the fact that the prediction and the interpretation of characteristic values of soil properties is a complicated and biased procedure.展开更多
This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in t...This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in the province, namely the non-consideration of seismic action in the study of structures by both professionals and researchers. The main objective of the study is to show the importance of dynamic analysis of structures in South Kivu. It adopts a meta-analytical approach referring to previous researches on South Kivu and proposes an efficient and optimal method. To arrive at the results, we use Eurocode 7 and 8. In addition, we conducted static analysis using the Coulomb method and dynamic analysis using the Mononobe-Okabe method and compared the results. At Nyabibwe, the results showed that we have a deviation of 24.47% for slip stability, 12.038% for overturning stability and 9.677% for stability against punching through a weight wall.展开更多
基金The work was carried out in the framework of earmarked funding“Assessment of seismic hazard of territories of Kazakhstan on modern scientific and methodological basis”,programme code number F.0980.Source of funding-Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
文摘This article aims to enhance seismic hazard assessment methods for Kazakhstan’s seismotectonic conditions.It combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis(PSHA),ground motion simulation,sitespecific geological and geotechnical data analysis,and seismic scenario analysis to develop Probabilistic General Seismic Zoning(GSZ)maps for Kazakhstan and Probabilistic Seismic Microzoning maps for Almaty.These maps align with Eurocode 8 principles,incorporating seismic intensity and engineering parameters like peak ground acceleration(PGA).The new procedure,applied in national projects,has resulted in GSZ maps for the country,seismic microzoning maps for Almaty,and detailed seismic zoning maps for East Kazakhstan.These maps,part of a regulatory document,guide earthquake-resistant design and construction.They offer a comprehensive assessment of seismic hazards,integrating traditional Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik(MSK-64)intensity scale points with quantitative parameters like peak ground acceleration.This innovative approach promises to advance methods for quantifying seismic hazards in specific regions.
文摘A probabilistic seismic loss assessment of RC high-rise(RCHR)buildings designed according to Eurocode 8 and located in the Southern Euro-Mediterranean zone is presented herein.The loss assessment methodology is based on a comprehensive simulation approach which takes into account ground motion(GM)uncertainty,and the random effects in seismic demand,as well as in predicting the damage states(DSs).The methodology is implemented on three RCHR buildings of 20-story,30-story and 40-story with a core wall structural system.The loss functions described by a cumulative lognormal probability distribution are obtained for two intensity levels for a large set of simulations(NLTHAs)based on 60 GM records with a wide range of magnitude(M),distance to source(R)and different site soil conditions(SS).The losses expressed in percent of building replacement cost for RCHR buildings are obtained.In the estimation of losses,both structural(S)and nonstructural(NS)damage for four DSs are considered.The effect of different GM characteristics(M,R and SS)on the obtained losses are investigated.Finally,the estimated performance of the RCHR buildings are checked to ensure that they fulfill limit state requirements according to Eurocode 8.
基金funded by Geran Penyelidikan Khas(GPK),(600-RMC/GPK 5/3(071/2020)).
文摘The depth adjustment factor for bending strength stated in Eurocode 5(EC5)is only applicable to timbers having a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3).However,most Malaysian timbers are hardwood,some with a characteristic density reaching above 700 kg/m^(3).Therefore,the objective of this study was to examine whether the depth adjustment factor stipulated in EC5 is valid for Malaysian hardwood timbers.Six timber species were selected for this study,namely Kapur(Dryobalanops C.F.Gaertn.),Kempas(Koompassia Maingay ex Benth.),Keruing(Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn.),Light red meranti(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.),Geronggang(Cratoxylum Blume)and Balau(Shorea Roxb.ex C.F.Gaertn.).The determination of bending strength and characteristic density was conducted according to BS EN 408:2010 and BS EN 384:2016,respectively.A graph for mean bending strength vs.(150/h)was plotted for each timber species.The power function was selected to analyze the relationship between the two variables.The power of the regression equations varied depending on the characteristic density of the timber species.For species with a characteristic density below 700 kg/m^(3),such as Kapur,Keruing,and Light red meranti,the power was between 0.16 to 0.17.In contrast,for species having a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3),namely Kempas and Balau,the power was higher at 0.23 and 0.24,respectively.Geronggang was an exception to this pattern.These values are close to the depth adjustment factor given in EC5,which is 0.2.Based on the results,it can be suggested that the adjustment factor of 0.2 is also applicable to Malaysian hardwood timbers with a characteristic density above 700 kg/m^(3).
文摘The Structural Eurocodes Systems, which are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), have come into trial use in the 28 countries of European Union (EU), and will lay a significant influence on the development of the construction industry and on the international market of construction.
文摘Since 2015, the Republic of Kazakhstan has a new regulatory framework for construction on the basis of Eurocode. Many new steel quality requirements have been introduced for steel structures. As a result, Kazakhstan’s steel production almost ceased to be used in construction. Therefore, a series of studies is being carried out to determine the quality of local steel for compliance with the requirements of Eurocode 1993. Impact toughness testing was carried out on 126 samples of 8, 10, 20 mm thick structural steel produced by the “Arcelor-Mittal” company. The experimental study of impact toughness of KCV and KCU at a temperature of +20˚, -20˚, -40˚ degrees were conducted for seven types of structural steel, the most common in the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the experimental experimentation facility of the KazRDICA JSC. The ST RK STB EN 10045-1-2012 techniques were used. In each series of tests, 3 specimens were used. It has been established that in all cases the temperature requirements of Eurocode 1993 (National Annex to SP RK EN1993-1-1: 2005/2011*, Table НП.2*) are met. A regression relationship between the values of impact toughness and temperature was constructed. It has been established that construction steel produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan fully complies with the requirements of 1993 Eurocode. The studies on the dependence of Brinell hardness of steel on the impact toughness of steel at specified temperatures are performed. The correlation dependencies between the values of impact toughness and BH Brinell hardness have been obtained.
文摘The interpretation and application of CPT(cone penetration test)results is characterized by considerable variability of data,either in measured or correlated parameters.According to the requirements of Eurocode 7 the existing variability in soil properties has to be taken into account statistically during the determination of the characteristic values of each parameter.This should be done by selecting a cautious estimate of the value affecting the limit state.Obtaining the characteristic values of CPT measurements is not an easy task and on this aspect nor clear neither unified guidelines exist.This paper focuses in several approaches to characterize the cone resistance and the sleeve friction using simple statistical analysis,in order for these parameters to be applicable in design.Similar procedures are then applied to determine the characteristic values of correlated parameters from CPT such as the effective friction angle for sands and the undrained shear strength for clays.The resulting characteristic values of the considered parameters emphasize the fact that the prediction and the interpretation of characteristic values of soil properties is a complicated and biased procedure.
文摘This article deals with the investigation of the effects of seismic impacts on the design and dimensioning of structures in South Kivu. The starting point is the observation of an ambivalence that can be observed in the province, namely the non-consideration of seismic action in the study of structures by both professionals and researchers. The main objective of the study is to show the importance of dynamic analysis of structures in South Kivu. It adopts a meta-analytical approach referring to previous researches on South Kivu and proposes an efficient and optimal method. To arrive at the results, we use Eurocode 7 and 8. In addition, we conducted static analysis using the Coulomb method and dynamic analysis using the Mononobe-Okabe method and compared the results. At Nyabibwe, the results showed that we have a deviation of 24.47% for slip stability, 12.038% for overturning stability and 9.677% for stability against punching through a weight wall.
