“Treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”(consideration of the climatic and seasonal conditions,environment and individual’s constitution in the treatment of diseases),that is,treatment f...“Treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”(consideration of the climatic and seasonal conditions,environment and individual’s constitution in the treatment of diseases),that is,treatment following time,place and individual,is one of the basic principles followed by Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of diseases.This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of patients with epidemic diseases in different regions and periods since the Ming(1368-1644 C.E.)and Qing(1636-1912 C.E.)Dynasties.In addition,the theory of epidemic disease prevention and control based on the application of“treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”was discussed to inspire and guide the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
Introduction: In emerging countries where studies are rarer, the epidemiological profile of infective endocarditis resembles that of developed countries at the beginning of the antibiotic era. There is little data ava...Introduction: In emerging countries where studies are rarer, the epidemiological profile of infective endocarditis resembles that of developed countries at the beginning of the antibiotic era. There is little data available in Mali on this subject, motivating this study, the aim of which was to study the etiological factors of infective endocarditis in children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalised in the paediatric department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study, which took place from August 2018 to August 2019 (13 months), in children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalised in the paediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital with an ultrasound- confirmed cardiac disease and a temperature above 38°C. Results: The hospitalization rate was 0.4%. The average age was 11 months, the sex ratio was 1.35. Respiratory distress (63.6%) and fever (30.3%) were the most common reasons for referral. Congenital heart disease (87.9%) and dyspnoea on feeding (24.2%) were the most common medical histories. IVC was the most frequent congenital heart disease (36.4%). The mean temperature was 39.1°C. Blood cultures were taken in 24 patients (72.7%) and were positive in 27.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 55.6% of cases. Trans-thoracic ultrasound found vegetations in 03 cases. According to the modified DUKE criteria, the diagnosis of endocarditis was retained in 27.30%. The evolution was marked by a high case fatality rate (45.45%). Conclusion: Endocarditis is an uncommon disease in children with a pulmonary portal of entry and Staphylococcus aureus as the main germ. Its mortality remains high.展开更多
This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits the traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Throug...This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits the traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects.First,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an“anti‑epidemic”was briefly discussed.展开更多
This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits die traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Throug...This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits die traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects,h irst,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an"anti-epidemic"was briefly discussed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） etiology and pathogenesis of ac- quired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） by 18-month observation of Chinese rhesus macaques infected with simian i...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） etiology and pathogenesis of ac- quired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） by 18-month observation of Chinese rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus （SIV） mac239. METHODS： Thirty-five healthy Chinese rhesus ma- caques were divided into a model group （n=30） and a control group （n=5）. The model was estab- lished by inoculating monkeys intravenously with SIVmac239. Changes in TCM symptoms after SIV in- fection within 18 months were then observed and recorded. Routine blood tests, SIV viral load, T-lym-phocyte subsets, plasma triiodothyronine （T3）, tet- raiodothyronine （14）, adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） and cortisol （Cor） were tested periodically during the experiment. RESULTS： During the acute infection period of SIV, model monkeys temporarily showed clinical symp- toms such as diarrhea, dysphoria and slight weight loss. Decrease percentages of CD4~ T-lymphocytes were observed but levels of T3, 14, Cot, and ACTH were relatively unchanged. Monkeys in the model group during the early and middle periods of infec- tion showed no obvious symptoms, except few monkeys exhibited transient diarrhea and reduced food intake. All variables at this stage showed nor- mal fluctuations. In the middle period model group monkeys showed chronic and persistent diarrhea, weight loss, reduced food intake and low levels of 13 and Cot. In the late period, symptoms including emaciation, weight loss, listlessness, crouching in corners and low levels of T3appeared. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that the rhesus monkey SIWSAIDS model can be applied to re- search on TCM etiology and pathogenesis of AIDS. According to this model, the etiology of disease is the SIV virus. The pathogenesis manifests as the in- vasion of SIV virus, incubation of the virus, balance between virus and healthy ＂Qi＂, damage to spleen and kidney as the disease progressed, exhaustion of vitality and finally the failure of five zang and six fu organs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiologica...BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.展开更多
291 patients were subjected to carotid endarterectomy from January 1985 to June 1992 in two Australian medical institutions. Of the 291 patients, perioperative stroke occurred in 22 (6.3%) after 347 operations (modera...291 patients were subjected to carotid endarterectomy from January 1985 to June 1992 in two Australian medical institutions. Of the 291 patients, perioperative stroke occurred in 22 (6.3%) after 347 operations (moderate 17 and severe 5). The 22 patients were studied with Doppler scan, angiography, reexploration and CT. Reexploration showed that 12 of 14 patients had thrombosis in the internal carotid artery at operation. The etiological factors for perioperative strokes included thrombosis at the operative sites in 14 patients (64%), cerebral embolism after operation in 4, clamping ischemia in 2, intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 and unknown cause in 1. Six patients (27%) recovered completely in 4 weeks, 10 (45%) had mild residual neurological deficits, 5 (23%) had moderate neurological deficits and 1 died 3 days after operation. Only 6 patients had permanent neurological deficits (6 / 347, 17%).展开更多
Based on the inspiration from Hetu and Luoshu,a principle diagram of pathogenicity of pathogenic factors was established.Accordingly,the inner correlations between pathogenic factor type and biological factors,and bet...Based on the inspiration from Hetu and Luoshu,a principle diagram of pathogenicity of pathogenic factors was established.Accordingly,the inner correlations between pathogenic factor type and biological factors,and between pathogenic factors and host were analyzed.Mechanism of pathogenesis was discussed with five representative cases.The result indicated that effect of biological factors on host could be proved only with the performance of internalization conditions of biological factor and host.The reciprocal transformation between biological factors and pathogenic factors was decided by interaction and state of co-existed factors and host.The results suggested that it is a better and attractive choice to regulate and optimize the host’s state in practice than direct elimination of pathogens with antibiotics.展开更多
Objective: Describe the etiological factors of hepatic steatosis in the Internal Medicine and Medical Emergencies department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé. Framework and Method: Cross-sectio...Objective: Describe the etiological factors of hepatic steatosis in the Internal Medicine and Medical Emergencies department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé. Framework and Method: Cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out over a period of 5 years from February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2024 (4 years). All patients aged over 18 years with a hyperechoic appearance of the hepatic parenchymal structure on abdominal ultrasound suggestive of focal or diffuse steatosis of the liver were included. Results: The prevalence of steatosis was 17.21%. The average age of our patients was 42.91 ± 11.71 years. We noted a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.21. Diffuse abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation (38.60%). Hepatomegaly was found on abdominal ultrasound in 28.16% of cases. Two main groups of etiological factors were noted. These included metabolic factors (alcoholism, obesity, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)) and infectious factors (HIV, HBV, HCV). Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is a chronic pathology associated with etiological factors. It can progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis or even liver cancer.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the relationships among chemical, phase and structural composition and?etiopathogenic factors of non-infectious phosphate calculi formed in patients with low and high uri...Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the relationships among chemical, phase and structural composition and?etiopathogenic factors of non-infectious phosphate calculi formed in patients with low and high urinary phosphate concentrations, and to characterize the mechanism of their formation related on biochemical results. Material and Methods: Twelve samples of phosphate renal calculi were obtained, 4 from patients with low phosphaturia and 6 from patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations. Their chemical composition was determined qualitatively by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and quantitatively by spectrophotometric and thermal analysis;and their phase composition was determined by Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the calculi was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Non-infectious phosphate renal calculi of patients with low phosphaturia consist of poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite, whereas those of patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations consist of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite with some amount of calcium oxalate crystals. Calculi of patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations are formed at urinary supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate about 4 times higher than in patients with low phosphaturia. Conclusion: In patients with low phosphaturia, the non-infectious phosphate renal calculi are formed in urine near pH 7 and contain only poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite. In patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations and hypercalciuria, the calculi are formed in urine near pH 6 and consist of both poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite and some amount of calcium oxalate crystals.展开更多
Background: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients presents a significant complication that drastically affects survival rates, with factors like hepatorenal syndrome and other nephrotoxic conditions playing critical rol...Background: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients presents a significant complication that drastically affects survival rates, with factors like hepatorenal syndrome and other nephrotoxic conditions playing critical roles. Objective: To investigate the etiological and prognostic factors of renal failure in cirrhotic patients hospitalized in the Hepato-Gastroenterology department of the Lome University Hospital Center, and to assess the survival of these cirrhotic patients with renal insufficiency. Patients and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study conducted over 5 years (January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017). Included were cirrhotic patients who had at least one serum creatinine value during hospitalization. Renal impairment was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by creatinine clearance 2. The statistical analysis was done with the R Studio software version 3.3.2. Results: A total of 210 patients were retained. Renal failure was found in 63 patients, with a prevalence of 30% [95% CI;23.99% to 36.76%]. The sex ratio H/F was 0.46. The average age was 48.00 ± 14.36 years (range 18 - 95 years). Viral hepatitis B was predominant (40% of cases). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that renal failure was associated with age > 46 years (p = 0.0035), ascites (p Conclusion: Etiologic and prognostic factors of renal failure in cirrhotic patients were age, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy stage 3, hypertension, hyperkalemia, diuretics, blood transfusion, and CHILD C. These patients have a decrease in their survival of 26.1% compared to those who do not have renal insufficiency. This makes kidney failure a prognostic factor for cirrhosis.展开更多
Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of Zang nationality cerebral infarction patients of different ages in Xizang Autonomous Region,so as to provide basis for more targeted diagnosis,treatmentat nd preve...Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of Zang nationality cerebral infarction patients of different ages in Xizang Autonomous Region,so as to provide basis for more targeted diagnosis,treatmentat nd prevention of cerebral infarction in this region.Methods The clinical data of 500 Zang nationality cerebral infarction patients hospitalized in Xizang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to age,they were divided into young and middle-aged group(18-59 years old)and elderly group(60-75 years old).Baseline data,laboratory data and imaging results of patients in each group were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results The proportion of males in the young and middle-aged group(n=267)[188(70.41%)]was higher than that in the elderly group(n=233)[130(55.79%),X^(2)=11.485,P=0.001].The proportion of smokers[131(49.06%)us 74(31.76%),X^(2)=15.401],drinkers[121(45.32%)us 84(36.05%),X^(2)=4.417],high altitude polycythemia(HAPC)[51(19.10%)us 23(9.87%),X^(2)=8.406],hyperuricemia(HUA)[61(28.90%)vs 34(19.32%),X^(2)=4.766],increased hemoglobin[152(56.93%)vs 97(41.63%),X^(2)=6.677],hypertiglyceridemia[47(17.60%)us 18(7.73%),X^(2)=10.734],hypercholesterolemia[12(4.94%)us 3(1.29%),X^(2)=4.397],hyperlipidemia[79(29.59%)us 43(18.45%),X^(2)=8.360]in the young and middle-aged group was higher than that in the elderly group(all P<0.05).The proportion of hypertension[108(40.44%)us 158(67.81%),X^(2)=37.413],atrial fibrillation[5(1.87%)vs 20(8.58%),X^(2)=11.797],hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)[159(59.55%)us 168(72.10%),X^(2)=8.664],abnormal creatinine[18(6.74%)us 29(12.45%),X^(2)=4.755],atherosclerosis[113(42.32%)us 145(62.23%),X^(2)=19.748],heart disease[135(50.56%)vs 150(64.38%),X^(2)=9.690]in the young and middle-aged group was lower than that in the elderly group(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(OR=2.865,95%CI 1.742-4.710)and HHcy(OR=1.968,95%CI 1.177-3.290)were risk factors of cerebral infarction in the elderly group.Smoking(OR=1.848,95%CI 1.017-3.360),HAPC(0R=1.993,95%CI 1.991-4.011),HUA(0R=1.863,95%CI 1.015-3.419)and living at the extremely high altitude(OR=2.405,95%CI 1.207-4.791)were risk factors of cerebral infarctionintheyoung and middle-aged group.According to the TOAST etiological classification,the causes of stroke of other determined etiology and stroke of other undetermined etiology were complex and diverse,which were more common in the young and middle-aged group,while cardiac embolism was more common in the elderlygroup.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the risk factors and etiology of cerebral infarction in different age groups in Xizang Autonomous Region.The occurrence of cerebral infarction in elderly patients is significantly related to hypertension and HHcy,while the occurrence of cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged patients is significantly related to smoking,HAPC,HUA,and living in extremely high altitude areas.In clinical practice,diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction patients in different age groups should have different focuses.展开更多
文摘“Treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”(consideration of the climatic and seasonal conditions,environment and individual’s constitution in the treatment of diseases),that is,treatment following time,place and individual,is one of the basic principles followed by Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of diseases.This paper analyzes the similarities and differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of patients with epidemic diseases in different regions and periods since the Ming(1368-1644 C.E.)and Qing(1636-1912 C.E.)Dynasties.In addition,the theory of epidemic disease prevention and control based on the application of“treatment in accordance with three categories of etiologic factors”was discussed to inspire and guide the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
文摘Introduction: In emerging countries where studies are rarer, the epidemiological profile of infective endocarditis resembles that of developed countries at the beginning of the antibiotic era. There is little data available in Mali on this subject, motivating this study, the aim of which was to study the etiological factors of infective endocarditis in children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalised in the paediatric department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study, which took place from August 2018 to August 2019 (13 months), in children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalised in the paediatric department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital with an ultrasound- confirmed cardiac disease and a temperature above 38°C. Results: The hospitalization rate was 0.4%. The average age was 11 months, the sex ratio was 1.35. Respiratory distress (63.6%) and fever (30.3%) were the most common reasons for referral. Congenital heart disease (87.9%) and dyspnoea on feeding (24.2%) were the most common medical histories. IVC was the most frequent congenital heart disease (36.4%). The mean temperature was 39.1°C. Blood cultures were taken in 24 patients (72.7%) and were positive in 27.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 55.6% of cases. Trans-thoracic ultrasound found vegetations in 03 cases. According to the modified DUKE criteria, the diagnosis of endocarditis was retained in 27.30%. The evolution was marked by a high case fatality rate (45.45%). Conclusion: Endocarditis is an uncommon disease in children with a pulmonary portal of entry and Staphylococcus aureus as the main germ. Its mortality remains high.
文摘This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits the traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects.First,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an“anti‑epidemic”was briefly discussed.
文摘This article discusses the role of dietary regimen in the traditional culture of Chinese medicine according to its origin.Dietary regimen is a technique that inherits die traditional culture of Chinese medicine.Through analysis of the characteristics of the dietary regimen and the discussion of the idea of disease prevention,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is sought.Under the guidance of three key factors,the application of the dietary regimen in disease prevention is mainly manifested in two aspects,h irst,the dietary regimen can be used to guide the daily reasonable diet to maintain the human body in a balance of Yin and Yang,which could prevent the occurrence of diseases.Second,on the basis of minimizing health loss,it can be used for disease treatment,adjuvant treatment,and rehabilitation.Finally,taking preventive treatment as the guiding ideology,the application of a dietary regimen as an"anti-epidemic"was briefly discussed.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project "Optimization for prescription of anti-HIV Chinese medicine and the study on animal model for AIDS with TCM symptoms(No.2008ZX10005-005)National Key Discipline Construction funding for clinical basic of TCM in Guangzhou university of Chinese Medicine
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） etiology and pathogenesis of ac- quired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） by 18-month observation of Chinese rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus （SIV） mac239. METHODS： Thirty-five healthy Chinese rhesus ma- caques were divided into a model group （n=30） and a control group （n=5）. The model was estab- lished by inoculating monkeys intravenously with SIVmac239. Changes in TCM symptoms after SIV in- fection within 18 months were then observed and recorded. Routine blood tests, SIV viral load, T-lym-phocyte subsets, plasma triiodothyronine （T3）, tet- raiodothyronine （14）, adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） and cortisol （Cor） were tested periodically during the experiment. RESULTS： During the acute infection period of SIV, model monkeys temporarily showed clinical symp- toms such as diarrhea, dysphoria and slight weight loss. Decrease percentages of CD4~ T-lymphocytes were observed but levels of T3, 14, Cot, and ACTH were relatively unchanged. Monkeys in the model group during the early and middle periods of infec- tion showed no obvious symptoms, except few monkeys exhibited transient diarrhea and reduced food intake. All variables at this stage showed nor- mal fluctuations. In the middle period model group monkeys showed chronic and persistent diarrhea, weight loss, reduced food intake and low levels of 13 and Cot. In the late period, symptoms including emaciation, weight loss, listlessness, crouching in corners and low levels of T3appeared. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that the rhesus monkey SIWSAIDS model can be applied to re- search on TCM etiology and pathogenesis of AIDS. According to this model, the etiology of disease is the SIV virus. The pathogenesis manifests as the in- vasion of SIV virus, incubation of the virus, balance between virus and healthy ＂Qi＂, damage to spleen and kidney as the disease progressed, exhaustion of vitality and finally the failure of five zang and six fu organs.
文摘BACKGROUND Musical hallucinations(MH)involve the false perception of music in the absence of external stimuli which links with different etiologies.The pathomechanisms of MH encompass various conditions.The etiological classification of MH is of particular importance and offers valuable insights to understand MH,and further to develop the effective treatment of MH.Over the recent decades,more MH cases have been reported,revealing newly identified medical and psychiatric causes of MH.Functional imaging studies reveal that MH activates a wide array of brain regions.An up-to-date analysis on MH,especially on MH comorbid psychiatric conditions is warranted.AIM To propose a new classification of MH;to study the age and gender differences of MH in mental disorders;and neuropathology of MH.METHODS Literatures searches were conducted using keywords such as“music hallucination,”“music hallucination and mental illness,”“music hallucination and gender difference,”and“music hallucination and psychiatric disease”in the databases of PubMed,Google Scholar,and Web of Science.MH cases were collected and categorized based on their etiologies.The t-test and ANOVA were employed(P<0.05)to compare the age differences of MH different etiological groups.Function neuroimaging studies of neural networks regulating MH and their possible molecular mechanisms were discussed.RESULTS Among the 357 yielded publications,294 MH cases were collected.The average age of MH cases was 67.9 years,with a predominance of females(66.8%females vs 33.2%males).MH was classified into eight groups based on their etiological mechanisms.Statistical analysis of MH cases indicates varying associations with psychiatric diagnoses.CONCLUSION We carried out a more comprehensive review of MH studies.For the first time according to our knowledge,we demonstrated the psychiatric conditions linked and/or associated with MH from statistical,biological and molecular point of view.
文摘291 patients were subjected to carotid endarterectomy from January 1985 to June 1992 in two Australian medical institutions. Of the 291 patients, perioperative stroke occurred in 22 (6.3%) after 347 operations (moderate 17 and severe 5). The 22 patients were studied with Doppler scan, angiography, reexploration and CT. Reexploration showed that 12 of 14 patients had thrombosis in the internal carotid artery at operation. The etiological factors for perioperative strokes included thrombosis at the operative sites in 14 patients (64%), cerebral embolism after operation in 4, clamping ischemia in 2, intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 and unknown cause in 1. Six patients (27%) recovered completely in 4 weeks, 10 (45%) had mild residual neurological deficits, 5 (23%) had moderate neurological deficits and 1 died 3 days after operation. Only 6 patients had permanent neurological deficits (6 / 347, 17%).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30560107)
文摘Based on the inspiration from Hetu and Luoshu,a principle diagram of pathogenicity of pathogenic factors was established.Accordingly,the inner correlations between pathogenic factor type and biological factors,and between pathogenic factors and host were analyzed.Mechanism of pathogenesis was discussed with five representative cases.The result indicated that effect of biological factors on host could be proved only with the performance of internalization conditions of biological factor and host.The reciprocal transformation between biological factors and pathogenic factors was decided by interaction and state of co-existed factors and host.The results suggested that it is a better and attractive choice to regulate and optimize the host’s state in practice than direct elimination of pathogens with antibiotics.
文摘Objective: Describe the etiological factors of hepatic steatosis in the Internal Medicine and Medical Emergencies department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé. Framework and Method: Cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out over a period of 5 years from February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2024 (4 years). All patients aged over 18 years with a hyperechoic appearance of the hepatic parenchymal structure on abdominal ultrasound suggestive of focal or diffuse steatosis of the liver were included. Results: The prevalence of steatosis was 17.21%. The average age of our patients was 42.91 ± 11.71 years. We noted a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.21. Diffuse abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation (38.60%). Hepatomegaly was found on abdominal ultrasound in 28.16% of cases. Two main groups of etiological factors were noted. These included metabolic factors (alcoholism, obesity, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension)) and infectious factors (HIV, HBV, HCV). Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is a chronic pathology associated with etiological factors. It can progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis or even liver cancer.
基金FEDER founds (European Union) the Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats (Govern de les Illes Balears).
文摘Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the relationships among chemical, phase and structural composition and?etiopathogenic factors of non-infectious phosphate calculi formed in patients with low and high urinary phosphate concentrations, and to characterize the mechanism of their formation related on biochemical results. Material and Methods: Twelve samples of phosphate renal calculi were obtained, 4 from patients with low phosphaturia and 6 from patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations. Their chemical composition was determined qualitatively by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and quantitatively by spectrophotometric and thermal analysis;and their phase composition was determined by Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of the calculi was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Non-infectious phosphate renal calculi of patients with low phosphaturia consist of poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite, whereas those of patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations consist of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite with some amount of calcium oxalate crystals. Calculi of patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations are formed at urinary supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate about 4 times higher than in patients with low phosphaturia. Conclusion: In patients with low phosphaturia, the non-infectious phosphate renal calculi are formed in urine near pH 7 and contain only poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite. In patients with high urinary phosphate concentrations and hypercalciuria, the calculi are formed in urine near pH 6 and consist of both poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite and some amount of calcium oxalate crystals.
文摘Background: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients presents a significant complication that drastically affects survival rates, with factors like hepatorenal syndrome and other nephrotoxic conditions playing critical roles. Objective: To investigate the etiological and prognostic factors of renal failure in cirrhotic patients hospitalized in the Hepato-Gastroenterology department of the Lome University Hospital Center, and to assess the survival of these cirrhotic patients with renal insufficiency. Patients and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study conducted over 5 years (January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017). Included were cirrhotic patients who had at least one serum creatinine value during hospitalization. Renal impairment was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by creatinine clearance 2. The statistical analysis was done with the R Studio software version 3.3.2. Results: A total of 210 patients were retained. Renal failure was found in 63 patients, with a prevalence of 30% [95% CI;23.99% to 36.76%]. The sex ratio H/F was 0.46. The average age was 48.00 ± 14.36 years (range 18 - 95 years). Viral hepatitis B was predominant (40% of cases). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that renal failure was associated with age > 46 years (p = 0.0035), ascites (p Conclusion: Etiologic and prognostic factors of renal failure in cirrhotic patients were age, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy stage 3, hypertension, hyperkalemia, diuretics, blood transfusion, and CHILD C. These patients have a decrease in their survival of 26.1% compared to those who do not have renal insufficiency. This makes kidney failure a prognostic factor for cirrhosis.
文摘Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors of Zang nationality cerebral infarction patients of different ages in Xizang Autonomous Region,so as to provide basis for more targeted diagnosis,treatmentat nd prevention of cerebral infarction in this region.Methods The clinical data of 500 Zang nationality cerebral infarction patients hospitalized in Xizang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to age,they were divided into young and middle-aged group(18-59 years old)and elderly group(60-75 years old).Baseline data,laboratory data and imaging results of patients in each group were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results The proportion of males in the young and middle-aged group(n=267)[188(70.41%)]was higher than that in the elderly group(n=233)[130(55.79%),X^(2)=11.485,P=0.001].The proportion of smokers[131(49.06%)us 74(31.76%),X^(2)=15.401],drinkers[121(45.32%)us 84(36.05%),X^(2)=4.417],high altitude polycythemia(HAPC)[51(19.10%)us 23(9.87%),X^(2)=8.406],hyperuricemia(HUA)[61(28.90%)vs 34(19.32%),X^(2)=4.766],increased hemoglobin[152(56.93%)vs 97(41.63%),X^(2)=6.677],hypertiglyceridemia[47(17.60%)us 18(7.73%),X^(2)=10.734],hypercholesterolemia[12(4.94%)us 3(1.29%),X^(2)=4.397],hyperlipidemia[79(29.59%)us 43(18.45%),X^(2)=8.360]in the young and middle-aged group was higher than that in the elderly group(all P<0.05).The proportion of hypertension[108(40.44%)us 158(67.81%),X^(2)=37.413],atrial fibrillation[5(1.87%)vs 20(8.58%),X^(2)=11.797],hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)[159(59.55%)us 168(72.10%),X^(2)=8.664],abnormal creatinine[18(6.74%)us 29(12.45%),X^(2)=4.755],atherosclerosis[113(42.32%)us 145(62.23%),X^(2)=19.748],heart disease[135(50.56%)vs 150(64.38%),X^(2)=9.690]in the young and middle-aged group was lower than that in the elderly group(all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension(OR=2.865,95%CI 1.742-4.710)and HHcy(OR=1.968,95%CI 1.177-3.290)were risk factors of cerebral infarction in the elderly group.Smoking(OR=1.848,95%CI 1.017-3.360),HAPC(0R=1.993,95%CI 1.991-4.011),HUA(0R=1.863,95%CI 1.015-3.419)and living at the extremely high altitude(OR=2.405,95%CI 1.207-4.791)were risk factors of cerebral infarctionintheyoung and middle-aged group.According to the TOAST etiological classification,the causes of stroke of other determined etiology and stroke of other undetermined etiology were complex and diverse,which were more common in the young and middle-aged group,while cardiac embolism was more common in the elderlygroup.ConclusionThere are significant differences in the risk factors and etiology of cerebral infarction in different age groups in Xizang Autonomous Region.The occurrence of cerebral infarction in elderly patients is significantly related to hypertension and HHcy,while the occurrence of cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged patients is significantly related to smoking,HAPC,HUA,and living in extremely high altitude areas.In clinical practice,diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction patients in different age groups should have different focuses.
