Formation of shish-kebab crystals using a bimodal polyethylene system containing high molecular weight(HMW)component with different ethyl branch contents was investigated.In situ small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and ...Formation of shish-kebab crystals using a bimodal polyethylene system containing high molecular weight(HMW)component with different ethyl branch contents was investigated.In situ small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)techniques were used to monitor the formation and evolution of shish-kebab structure sheared at low temperature in simple shear mode and low rate.Only the bimodal PE with no branch formed shish-kebab crystals at the shear temperature of 129℃,and the shish length increased with the crystallization time,while bimodal PE with branch has no observable shish under the same conditions.The degree of crystallization for bimodal PE with no branch increased with time up to above 7%,while those with ethyl branch increased continually up to above 23%.Furthermore,bimodal PE's Hermans orientation factor with no branch increased to 0.60,while those with ethyl branch only increased to a value below 0.15.This study indicated that the shish-kebab crystal formed at the low temperature of 129℃is due to the stretch of entangled chains under shear for the bimodal PE with no branch.Only partly oriented lamellar crystals were formed for the bimodal PE with ethyl branch.All the results at the shear temperatures higher,closed to,and lower than the melting point,the modulation of shish crystals formation owing to different mechanisms of the coil-stretch transition and the stretched network by changing shear temperature was achieved in the bimodal PE samples.展开更多
Graphite is a universal host material for ion intercalation. Li+-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have been successfully utilized as the anode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries.Similarly, anion-graph...Graphite is a universal host material for ion intercalation. Li+-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have been successfully utilized as the anode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries.Similarly, anion-graphite intercalation compounds (AGICs) have been coming into their own in dual-ion batteries [1]. It is imperative to deepen an understanding of anion storage mechanisms in graphite electrode.展开更多
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEA), an excellent solvent, is prepared with ethylene oxide (EO) and ethyl acetate (EA) in a tubular reactor under suitable reaction condition. The single circulation yield ca...Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEA), an excellent solvent, is prepared with ethylene oxide (EO) and ethyl acetate (EA) in a tubular reactor under suitable reaction condition. The single circulation yield can reach 81%. This technology is not only safe but also makes it possible to continuously produce EGEA in industry,with low content of high boiling point by-products.展开更多
Hydrogels of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q9) have been synthesized with different monomer ratio by copolymerization of this poorly studied monomer either with acrylic acid or with 2-me...Hydrogels of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q9) have been synthesized with different monomer ratio by copolymerization of this poorly studied monomer either with acrylic acid or with 2-methylene bu-tane-1,4-dioic acid. Hydrogel swelling was measured as a function of the composition of the hydrogel and of the crosslinking agent ratio. High values of swelling have been obtained at very high crosslinking values (【14 wt %) and the equilibrium swelling was reached at very low time (less than 15 minutes). The swelling isotherms consisted of a steep initial portion and then levelled off as asymptotically to the equilibrium swelling limit. The experimental data suggest clearly that the swelling process obeys second-order kinetics. According to this, the kinetics rate constant and the equilibrium water content were determined at different comonomer composition and crosslinker concentration. The calculated kinetic constants ranged from 0.48 to 3.76 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (acrylic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels and from 0.68 to 4.0 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (2-methylene butane-1,4-dioic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels depending on the hydrogels composition. The diffusion process was evaluated for each hydrogel showing a non-Fickian type diffusion. In all cases was observed a considerable increase in diffusion coefficient as Q9 content increases.展开更多
Enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and ethylene ethyl phosphate (EEP) are performed in bulk at 100°C using porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) or candida rugosa lipase (CL) as catal...Enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and ethylene ethyl phosphate (EEP) are performed in bulk at 100°C using porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) or candida rugosa lipase (CL) as catalyst. The factors affecting the yield and molecular weights such as catalyst concentration, polymerization time and monomer feed ratio are investigated. The random copolymers obtained have molecular weight ranging from 3200 to 10200. The glass transition temperature (T g) of the copolymers decreases from ?28 to ?41.7°C, with the increase of the EEP content in the feed from zero to 5:10. Degradation tests show that the degradability of the copolymers is improved by introduction of the EEP unit into the copolymer chain.展开更多
Seventeen novel gem-difluoromethylene-containing 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized by the click reaction of ethyl 2-azido-2,2-difluoroacetate and terminal alkynes in the presence of 10 mol% CuI.
Complexation of two ligands, iminodiacetic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, with molybdenum（Ⅵ） was studied in aqueous solutions. Molybdenum（Ⅵ） forms a mononuclear complex with the aforementioned lig...Complexation of two ligands, iminodiacetic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, with molybdenum（Ⅵ） was studied in aqueous solutions. Molybdenum（Ⅵ） forms a mononuclear complex with the aforementioned ligands of the type MoO3L^2-. All measurements have been carried out at 25 ℃ and different ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mol·L^-1 of NaClO4, with the pH justified to 6.0. Equilibrium concentration products and stoichiometry of the complexes have been determined from a combination of potentiometric and UV spectroscopic measurements. Comparison of the ionic strength effect on these complex formation reactions has been made using a Debye-Hückel type equation and Bronsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard specific ion interaction theory （SIT）. Debye-Hückel theory predicted the first order effects on simple electrolyte solutions. Interactions between the reacting species and the ionic medium were taken into account in the SIT model. All of the calculations have been done by the computer program Excel 2000.展开更多
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the ex...High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.展开更多
In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were inve...In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were investigated.The results showed that the three materials had satisfactory compatibility in the composite film.Addition of EC and zein effectively improved the mechanical properties,thermodynamic properties,surface hydrophilicity,oxygen permeability,and degradation properties of PLA films.When the ratio of PLA to EC was 3:7,the tensile strength and elongation at break reached maximum values of 16.6 MPa and 30.5%,respectively.Moreover,under different conditions,the composite film exhibited better degradability than the PLA film.The composite film with a 3:7 ratio of PLA to EC had the best performance,with a degradation rate of 21.75%after 84 days.Chilled fresh meat wrapped with the composite film showed significantly improved antioxidant,antibacterial,and water-holding properties.展开更多
Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to t...Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.展开更多
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of ...The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC_(50) of 107.15μg mL^(-1).Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.展开更多
The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephad...The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.展开更多
Background:Nanosponges are an innovative type of material with microscopic particles that are characterized by cavities that measure just a few nanometers in width.These tiny sponges are capable of encapsulating vario...Background:Nanosponges are an innovative type of material with microscopic particles that are characterized by cavities that measure just a few nanometers in width.These tiny sponges are capable of encapsulating various substances.The particles move through the body until they arrive at their designated location,where they bind to the surface and release their content.Methods:Using the Quasi-Emulsion Solution Diffusion technology,three different nanosponge formulations of Ceftriaxone can be created.These formulas are synthesized by crossing organic and inorganic substances.A surfactant,PVA,is added to the external phase to facilitate the formation of an emulsion by lowering the interfacial tension,thereby facilitating the formation of an emulsion.As a result of the incorporation of Carbopol 934 into a hydrogel matrix,the most effective formulation was nanosponge-loaded hydrogel.The prepared nanosponge hydrogel was subjected to different evaluations.Results:The skin irritation test revealed negligible irritation on the human skin.It was concluded that the hydrogel formulation caused no skin irritation and found compatible with skin.According to the antimicrobial investigation,both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to the formulated product.Ex vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the drug is initially released rapidly,followed by a sustained and controlled release.The sustained effect is more pronounced with gel formulation.Conclusion:So,it can be concluded that prepared formulation provides a targeted,extended and sustained action for the treatment of skin infections.展开更多
This study reports the development of a novel amino‐functionalized ionic liquid catalyst,namely 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium amino triazole([EMIM]ATZ),for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of ethyl methyl car...This study reports the development of a novel amino‐functionalized ionic liquid catalyst,namely 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium amino triazole([EMIM]ATZ),for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)via transesterification of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)and ethanol(C_(2)H_(5)OH)at room temperature.Addressing the limitations of conventional catalytic systems that require elevated temperatures(>75℃),[EMIM]ATZ achieves 62%DMC conversion and 56%EMC yield within 8 h under room temperature(25℃),while conventional ionic liquids([EMIM]Cl,[EMIM]BF_(4),[EMIM]PF_(6) etc.)showed almost no activity at room temperature.The catalyst's superior activity stems from its strong basicity(pH≈9.2)and enhanced CO_(2) absorption capacity(200 mg·g^(−)1),which synergistically activate C2H5OH and stabilize reaction intermediates.Structural characterization via FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)confirmed the catalyst's thermal stability and recyclability,with no significant degradation observed over five reuse cycles(89%activity retention).In addition,the ionic liquid was also able to catalyze the synthesis of methyl propyl carbonate(PMC)and methyl butyl carbonate(BMC)at room temperature.展开更多
This study investigated the use of raspberry extract(RBE) for mitigating ethyl carbamate(EC) accumulation in Chinese rice wine(Huangjiu), a traditional fermented beverage. It focused on the addition of RBE to the ferm...This study investigated the use of raspberry extract(RBE) for mitigating ethyl carbamate(EC) accumulation in Chinese rice wine(Huangjiu), a traditional fermented beverage. It focused on the addition of RBE to the fermentation mash and its effects on EC levels. The results showed a significant reduction in EC production that could be attributed to RBE's role in altering urea and citrulline catabolism and inhibiting arginine metabolism, thus preventing EC precursors from reacting with ethanol. Additionally, RBE enhanced the rice wine's flavor profile, as shown by volatile component and amino acid analysis. This study also explored RBE's impact on the metabolism of arginine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a simulated fermentation environment, and found increased arginine, reduced urea and citrulline levels, altered enzyme activities, and gene expression changes in the arginine metabolism and transport pathways. In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated RBE's efficacy in reducing the EC content in Chinese rice wine, offering valuable insights for EC reduction strategies.展开更多
A temperature-sensitive mud cake remover(G315)was developed using ethyl lactate as the primary component.Based on this,a temperature-sensitive acidic completion fluid(CF-G315)was formulated.Core evaluation tests,mud c...A temperature-sensitive mud cake remover(G315)was developed using ethyl lactate as the primary component.Based on this,a temperature-sensitive acidic completion fluid(CF-G315)was formulated.Core evaluation tests,mud cake dissolution tests and corrosion tests were conducted to analyze the mud cake removal performance of G315,the removal efficiency of CF-G315,and its ability to modify the near-wellbore reservoirs,corrosion to casing and hydrolysis performance.Results indicate that ethyl lactate in G315 exhibits weak acidity at room temperature and decomposes into lactic acid under high temperatures.The lactic acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in the mud cake,generating bubbles that dislodge the mud cake and form soluble salts that are subsequently removed by fluid flow,thereby ensuring effective mud cake clearance.CF-G315 removes mud cake efficiently and enhances near-wellbore reservoir permeability.It demonstrates low corrosivity and environmental compatibility,contributing to equipment safety,simplified operational procedures and reduced operational risks.CF-G315 is promising for application in scenarios such as horizontal wells,open-hole completions and gravel pack completions.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to identify the mutants of millet Changnong35 induced by different concentrations of EMS, so as to construct a millet mutant library. [Method] Foxtail millet cultivar Changnong35 which is widel...[Objective] The aim was to identify the mutants of millet Changnong35 induced by different concentrations of EMS, so as to construct a millet mutant library. [Method] Foxtail millet cultivar Changnong35 which is widely used in agricultural production, was treated with 0.8% and 1.0% EMS; and then seven traits of mutants were investigated analyzed, to classify the mutants into different groups. [Result] 282 mutants in the M1 generation related to plant type were obtained, of which, 100 mutant plants treated with 0.8% EMS can be divided into 10 groups; 182 mutant plants obtained by using 1.0% EMS can be divided into 17 groups. The analysis results of the mature plant type traits of the M1 Generation showed that, plant height, diameter of stem under spike, diameter of the first internode under spike and internode number of the mutants treated with 1.0% EMS were significantly different from those of control, while those of mutants treated with 0.8% EMS did not show significant difference from those of control. [Conclusion] The inducing with 1.0% EMS was more conducive to obtain a large number and different types of mutants from Changnong35.展开更多
Reactive distillation processes for synthesis of ethylene glycol （EG） and ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE） were modeled with the simulation package ASPEN PLUS. The input multiplicity and output multiplicity were disc...Reactive distillation processes for synthesis of ethylene glycol （EG） and ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE） were modeled with the simulation package ASPEN PLUS. The input multiplicity and output multiplicity were discussed with the method of sensitivity analysis for both cases. In EG production process, steady state multiplicities were studied in terms of effective liquid holdup volume and boil-up ratio. In ETBE synthesis process, the user kinetic subroutine was supplied into ASPEN PLUS firstly, and then the composition, temperature and reaction-rate profiles within the reactive distillation column were presented in detail. A set of stable solution branches based on distinct initial guesses for a range of boil-up ratio were found in EG synthesis. Input multiplicities were observed for a range of reboiler duty at several values of reflux ratio for ETBE synthesis process. These results can be used to avoid excessive energy consumption and achieve optimum design of reactive distillation column.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773101 and 51973097).
文摘Formation of shish-kebab crystals using a bimodal polyethylene system containing high molecular weight(HMW)component with different ethyl branch contents was investigated.In situ small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD)techniques were used to monitor the formation and evolution of shish-kebab structure sheared at low temperature in simple shear mode and low rate.Only the bimodal PE with no branch formed shish-kebab crystals at the shear temperature of 129℃,and the shish length increased with the crystallization time,while bimodal PE with branch has no observable shish under the same conditions.The degree of crystallization for bimodal PE with no branch increased with time up to above 7%,while those with ethyl branch increased continually up to above 23%.Furthermore,bimodal PE's Hermans orientation factor with no branch increased to 0.60,while those with ethyl branch only increased to a value below 0.15.This study indicated that the shish-kebab crystal formed at the low temperature of 129℃is due to the stretch of entangled chains under shear for the bimodal PE with no branch.Only partly oriented lamellar crystals were formed for the bimodal PE with ethyl branch.All the results at the shear temperatures higher,closed to,and lower than the melting point,the modulation of shish crystals formation owing to different mechanisms of the coil-stretch transition and the stretched network by changing shear temperature was achieved in the bimodal PE samples.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975251)。
文摘Graphite is a universal host material for ion intercalation. Li+-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have been successfully utilized as the anode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries.Similarly, anion-graphite intercalation compounds (AGICs) have been coming into their own in dual-ion batteries [1]. It is imperative to deepen an understanding of anion storage mechanisms in graphite electrode.
文摘Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EGEA), an excellent solvent, is prepared with ethylene oxide (EO) and ethyl acetate (EA) in a tubular reactor under suitable reaction condition. The single circulation yield can reach 81%. This technology is not only safe but also makes it possible to continuously produce EGEA in industry,with low content of high boiling point by-products.
文摘Hydrogels of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q9) have been synthesized with different monomer ratio by copolymerization of this poorly studied monomer either with acrylic acid or with 2-methylene bu-tane-1,4-dioic acid. Hydrogel swelling was measured as a function of the composition of the hydrogel and of the crosslinking agent ratio. High values of swelling have been obtained at very high crosslinking values (【14 wt %) and the equilibrium swelling was reached at very low time (less than 15 minutes). The swelling isotherms consisted of a steep initial portion and then levelled off as asymptotically to the equilibrium swelling limit. The experimental data suggest clearly that the swelling process obeys second-order kinetics. According to this, the kinetics rate constant and the equilibrium water content were determined at different comonomer composition and crosslinker concentration. The calculated kinetic constants ranged from 0.48 to 3.76 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (acrylic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels and from 0.68 to 4.0 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (2-methylene butane-1,4-dioic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels depending on the hydrogels composition. The diffusion process was evaluated for each hydrogel showing a non-Fickian type diffusion. In all cases was observed a considerable increase in diffusion coefficient as Q9 content increases.
基金supported by the National Key Fundamental Research Program of China(Grant No.G1999064703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20104005).
文摘Enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and ethylene ethyl phosphate (EEP) are performed in bulk at 100°C using porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) or candida rugosa lipase (CL) as catalyst. The factors affecting the yield and molecular weights such as catalyst concentration, polymerization time and monomer feed ratio are investigated. The random copolymers obtained have molecular weight ranging from 3200 to 10200. The glass transition temperature (T g) of the copolymers decreases from ?28 to ?41.7°C, with the increase of the EEP content in the feed from zero to 5:10. Degradation tests show that the degradability of the copolymers is improved by introduction of the EEP unit into the copolymer chain.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21072057）, the Key Project in the National Science ＆ Technology Pillar Program of China in the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period （No. 2011BAE06B05）, and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project （No. B507）.
文摘Seventeen novel gem-difluoromethylene-containing 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized by the click reaction of ethyl 2-azido-2,2-difluoroacetate and terminal alkynes in the presence of 10 mol% CuI.
文摘Complexation of two ligands, iminodiacetic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, with molybdenum（Ⅵ） was studied in aqueous solutions. Molybdenum（Ⅵ） forms a mononuclear complex with the aforementioned ligands of the type MoO3L^2-. All measurements have been carried out at 25 ℃ and different ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mol·L^-1 of NaClO4, with the pH justified to 6.0. Equilibrium concentration products and stoichiometry of the complexes have been determined from a combination of potentiometric and UV spectroscopic measurements. Comparison of the ionic strength effect on these complex formation reactions has been made using a Debye-Hückel type equation and Bronsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard specific ion interaction theory （SIT）. Debye-Hückel theory predicted the first order effects on simple electrolyte solutions. Interactions between the reacting species and the ionic medium were taken into account in the SIT model. All of the calculations have been done by the computer program Excel 2000.
基金supported by a grant of the M.D.-Ph.D./Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(to HK)+3 种基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSITMinistry of Science and ICT)(NRF2019R1A5A2026045 and NRF-2021R1F1A1061819)a grant from the Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HR21C1003)New Faculty Research Fund of Ajou University School of Medicine(to JYC)。
文摘High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.
文摘In this study,composite films consisting of polylactic acid(PLA),ethyl cellulose(EC),and zein were prepared by solution casting method,and their performance and application in chilled fresh meat preservation were investigated.The results showed that the three materials had satisfactory compatibility in the composite film.Addition of EC and zein effectively improved the mechanical properties,thermodynamic properties,surface hydrophilicity,oxygen permeability,and degradation properties of PLA films.When the ratio of PLA to EC was 3:7,the tensile strength and elongation at break reached maximum values of 16.6 MPa and 30.5%,respectively.Moreover,under different conditions,the composite film exhibited better degradability than the PLA film.The composite film with a 3:7 ratio of PLA to EC had the best performance,with a degradation rate of 21.75%after 84 days.Chilled fresh meat wrapped with the composite film showed significantly improved antioxidant,antibacterial,and water-holding properties.
基金supported by theUniversitasNegeri Semarang throughDPAUNNES 2024The grant number is No.271.26.2/UN37/PPK.10/2024.
文摘Bio-oil is a renewable fuel that can be obtained from biomass waste,such as empty palm fruit bunches,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husks.Within a biorefinery framework,bio-oil had not met the standards as a fuel due to the presence of impurities like corrosive phenol.Therefore,the separation of phenol from bio-oil is essential and can be achieved using the extraction method.In this study,biomass wastes(empty fruit bunches of oil palm,sugarcane bagasse,and rice husk)were pyrolyzed in a biorefinery framework to produce bio-oil,which was then refined through liquid-liquid extraction with a methanol-chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents to remove its phenolic compound.The extraction with methanol-chloroform solvent was carried out for 1 h at 50℃.Meanwhile,extraction with ethyl acetate solvent was carried out for 3 h at 70℃.Both extractions used the same variations,i.e.,bio-oil:solvent ratio at 1:1,1:2,1:3,and 1:4,and stirring speeds of 150 rpm,200 rpm,250 rpm,and 300 rpm.The bio-oil obtained from this study contained complex chemical compounds and had characteristics such as a pH of 5,a density of 1.116 g/mL,and a viscosity of 29.57 cSt.Theoptimization results using response surface methodology(RSM)showed that the best yield formethanolchloroform was 72.98%at a stirring speed of 250 rpm and a ratio of 1:3.As for ethyl acetate solvent,the highest yield obtained was 71.78%at a stirring speed of 237.145 rpm and a ratio of 1:2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060589).
文摘The nascent polypeptide-associated complex(NAC)plays crucial roles in various biological functions in eukaryotes and has been extensively studied in animals and plants;however,its role in the biocontrol mechanisms of microorganisms requires further investigation.This study examined the function of TbNACα,a NAC subunit,in the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma breve T069 against Sclerotium rolfsii.Following deletion of the TbNACα gene from T.breve T069,the ΔTbNACα mutant exhibited significantly reduced mycelial growth,spore production,and spore germination.While volatile substances from ΔTbNACα showed no significant effect on S.rolfsii,non-volatile substances demonstrated significant inhibition of S.rolfsii growth.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 3,398 differentially expressed genes in the ΔTbNACα mutant compared to wild-type T069,primarily regulating genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes,hydrolases,and membrane transport proteins.Untargeted metabolomics identified 50 upregulated metabolites(27 in positive ion mode and 23 in negative ion mode)in crude extracts from ΔTbNACα mutant metabolite broth.Among these metabolic substances,ethyl caffeate demonstrated the strongest activity against S.rolfsii,with an EC_(50) of 107.15μg mL^(-1).Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)analysis indicated significant upregulation of genes involved in the ethyl caffeate synthesis pathway in ΔTbNACα strains.This research establishes the negative regulation of ethyl caffeate synthesis and elucidates the antagonistic inhibition mechanism of TbNACα in T.breve T069.
文摘The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the chemical compounds in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.Some purification and analysis techniques like silica gel,D101-macroporous adsorptive resins,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate and analyze the compounds from ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus.The structures of these constituents were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometries.Twenty-eight compounds,including flavonoids and their glycoside,carbohydrate,coumarin and organic acid,were isolated from ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in ethanol extract of Cyclocarya paliurus,and they were identified as kaempferol(1),coumestrol(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),methyl caffeoylquinic acid(4),coptichic aldehyde(5),schizandriside(6),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(7),3-caffeoylquinic acid ethyl ester(8),quercetin(9),luteolin(10),protocatechuic acid(11),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-furan arabinose(12),trans-p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(13),α-D-glucopyranosido-β-D-fructofuranoside,sucrose(14),peucedanol(15),chlorogenic acid(16),pyridoxine(17),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(18),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide(19),isoquercitrin(20),mururin A(21),citroside A(22),benzyl-6-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),(+)-(6S,9R)-9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-hydroxy-3-O-α-ionol(24),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25),(4R)-4-(3-Oxo-1-buten-1-ylidene)-3α,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1α,3β-diol(26),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(27)and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(28).Compounds 2,5,6,15,21,22,23,24,26 and 28 were isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.
文摘Background:Nanosponges are an innovative type of material with microscopic particles that are characterized by cavities that measure just a few nanometers in width.These tiny sponges are capable of encapsulating various substances.The particles move through the body until they arrive at their designated location,where they bind to the surface and release their content.Methods:Using the Quasi-Emulsion Solution Diffusion technology,three different nanosponge formulations of Ceftriaxone can be created.These formulas are synthesized by crossing organic and inorganic substances.A surfactant,PVA,is added to the external phase to facilitate the formation of an emulsion by lowering the interfacial tension,thereby facilitating the formation of an emulsion.As a result of the incorporation of Carbopol 934 into a hydrogel matrix,the most effective formulation was nanosponge-loaded hydrogel.The prepared nanosponge hydrogel was subjected to different evaluations.Results:The skin irritation test revealed negligible irritation on the human skin.It was concluded that the hydrogel formulation caused no skin irritation and found compatible with skin.According to the antimicrobial investigation,both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to the formulated product.Ex vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the drug is initially released rapidly,followed by a sustained and controlled release.The sustained effect is more pronounced with gel formulation.Conclusion:So,it can be concluded that prepared formulation provides a targeted,extended and sustained action for the treatment of skin infections.
基金supported by Shandong Energy Institute(SEI U202321)Gansu Province Young Talents(Team Project)(2025QNTD41)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(ZR2024QB172)The Major Project of Gansu Province(21ZD4WA021,23JRRA603)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(24JRRA060).
文摘This study reports the development of a novel amino‐functionalized ionic liquid catalyst,namely 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium amino triazole([EMIM]ATZ),for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC)via transesterification of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)and ethanol(C_(2)H_(5)OH)at room temperature.Addressing the limitations of conventional catalytic systems that require elevated temperatures(>75℃),[EMIM]ATZ achieves 62%DMC conversion and 56%EMC yield within 8 h under room temperature(25℃),while conventional ionic liquids([EMIM]Cl,[EMIM]BF_(4),[EMIM]PF_(6) etc.)showed almost no activity at room temperature.The catalyst's superior activity stems from its strong basicity(pH≈9.2)and enhanced CO_(2) absorption capacity(200 mg·g^(−)1),which synergistically activate C2H5OH and stabilize reaction intermediates.Structural characterization via FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)confirmed the catalyst's thermal stability and recyclability,with no significant degradation observed over five reuse cycles(89%activity retention).In addition,the ionic liquid was also able to catalyze the synthesis of methyl propyl carbonate(PMC)and methyl butyl carbonate(BMC)at room temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202125)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Shaoxing City,China(2022A12003)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(LY24C200004).
文摘This study investigated the use of raspberry extract(RBE) for mitigating ethyl carbamate(EC) accumulation in Chinese rice wine(Huangjiu), a traditional fermented beverage. It focused on the addition of RBE to the fermentation mash and its effects on EC levels. The results showed a significant reduction in EC production that could be attributed to RBE's role in altering urea and citrulline catabolism and inhibiting arginine metabolism, thus preventing EC precursors from reacting with ethanol. Additionally, RBE enhanced the rice wine's flavor profile, as shown by volatile component and amino acid analysis. This study also explored RBE's impact on the metabolism of arginine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a simulated fermentation environment, and found increased arginine, reduced urea and citrulline levels, altered enzyme activities, and gene expression changes in the arginine metabolism and transport pathways. In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated RBE's efficacy in reducing the EC content in Chinese rice wine, offering valuable insights for EC reduction strategies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404010).
文摘A temperature-sensitive mud cake remover(G315)was developed using ethyl lactate as the primary component.Based on this,a temperature-sensitive acidic completion fluid(CF-G315)was formulated.Core evaluation tests,mud cake dissolution tests and corrosion tests were conducted to analyze the mud cake removal performance of G315,the removal efficiency of CF-G315,and its ability to modify the near-wellbore reservoirs,corrosion to casing and hydrolysis performance.Results indicate that ethyl lactate in G315 exhibits weak acidity at room temperature and decomposes into lactic acid under high temperatures.The lactic acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in the mud cake,generating bubbles that dislodge the mud cake and form soluble salts that are subsequently removed by fluid flow,thereby ensuring effective mud cake clearance.CF-G315 removes mud cake efficiently and enhances near-wellbore reservoir permeability.It demonstrates low corrosivity and environmental compatibility,contributing to equipment safety,simplified operational procedures and reduced operational risks.CF-G315 is promising for application in scenarios such as horizontal wells,open-hole completions and gravel pack completions.
基金Supported by Doctoral Fund of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences for Construction and Application of Mutant Library of Changnong 35 Induced with EMS(YBSJJ1001)Project of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System for Millet~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to identify the mutants of millet Changnong35 induced by different concentrations of EMS, so as to construct a millet mutant library. [Method] Foxtail millet cultivar Changnong35 which is widely used in agricultural production, was treated with 0.8% and 1.0% EMS; and then seven traits of mutants were investigated analyzed, to classify the mutants into different groups. [Result] 282 mutants in the M1 generation related to plant type were obtained, of which, 100 mutant plants treated with 0.8% EMS can be divided into 10 groups; 182 mutant plants obtained by using 1.0% EMS can be divided into 17 groups. The analysis results of the mature plant type traits of the M1 Generation showed that, plant height, diameter of stem under spike, diameter of the first internode under spike and internode number of the mutants treated with 1.0% EMS were significantly different from those of control, while those of mutants treated with 0.8% EMS did not show significant difference from those of control. [Conclusion] The inducing with 1.0% EMS was more conducive to obtain a large number and different types of mutants from Changnong35.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20436040） and the National Natural Scicnce Foundation of China （No.20176044, No.20476084）.
文摘Reactive distillation processes for synthesis of ethylene glycol （EG） and ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE） were modeled with the simulation package ASPEN PLUS. The input multiplicity and output multiplicity were discussed with the method of sensitivity analysis for both cases. In EG production process, steady state multiplicities were studied in terms of effective liquid holdup volume and boil-up ratio. In ETBE synthesis process, the user kinetic subroutine was supplied into ASPEN PLUS firstly, and then the composition, temperature and reaction-rate profiles within the reactive distillation column were presented in detail. A set of stable solution branches based on distinct initial guesses for a range of boil-up ratio were found in EG synthesis. Input multiplicities were observed for a range of reboiler duty at several values of reflux ratio for ETBE synthesis process. These results can be used to avoid excessive energy consumption and achieve optimum design of reactive distillation column.
