The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with stron...The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.展开更多
Organisms inhabiting arid environments face challenges to obtain dietary water.To prevent desiccation,some organisms possess unique adaptations to harvest water from infrequent and unpredictable rainfall,including sev...Organisms inhabiting arid environments face challenges to obtain dietary water.To prevent desiccation,some organisms possess unique adaptations to harvest water from infrequent and unpredictable rainfall,including several squamates(snakes and lizards).While most squamates consume precipitation as it pools in the environment,a small number engage in behaviors to enhance water collection by capturing precipitation from their own skin,referred to as rain-harvesting behavior(RHB).Details of this behavior remain unclear,particularly the sequence of behaviors associated with RHB.We developed a method to simulate rainfall to observe RHB in prairie rattlesnakes(Crotalus viridis)in situ and recorded 72 events in 94 snakes,the most robust sampling of RHB to date.Using video analysis,we describe the postures and kinematics of RHB and develop the first illustrated ethogram of this behavior for any vertebrate.Our results demonstrate that RHB contains fixed and variable patterns useful in cross-species comparisons and in exploring proximate causes of the behavior.In addition,we describe novel features of RHB including suspended head drinking,body levering,and drinking from neighboring snakes.Our results reveal RHB to be an intricate suite of movements and actions,some of which allude to acute sensory abilities of these animals that warrant further study.Furthermore,observations of RHB at dens and rookeries suggest a potential,novel benefit of snake aggregation is the formation of large,communal surfaces for rain harvesting.We suggest that the extremely elongated body plan of snakes may be well-suited for a rapidly deployed,modular rain-harvesting system effective at capitalizing on fleeting rainstorms characteristic of arid ecosystems of the world.展开更多
Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health,and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking.Due to ethical constraints on human research,establishing monkey models is crucial ...Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health,and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking.Due to ethical constraints on human research,establishing monkey models is crucial to address these issues.With the rapid development of technology,transgenic monkey models of a range of brain diseases,especially autism spectrum disorder(ASD),have been successfully established.However,to establish practical and effective brain disease models and subsequently apply them to disease mechanism and treatment studies,there is still a lack of a standard tool,i.e.,a system for collecting and analyzing the daily behaviors of brain disease model monkeys.Therefore,with the goal of undertaking a comprehensive and quantitative study of behavioral phenotypes,we established a standard daily behavior collection and analysis system,including behavioral data collection protocols and a monkey daily behavior ethogram(MDBE)for rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys,which are the most commonly used non-human primates in model construction.Then,we used ASD as an application example after referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition,Text Revision(DSM-5-TR),which is widely used in clinical disease diagnosis to obtain ASD core clinical symptoms.We then established a sub-ethogram(ASD monkey core behavior ethogram(MCBE-ASD))specifically for quantitative assessment of the core clinical symptoms of an ASD monkey model based on MDBE.Subsequently,we demonstrated the high reproducibility of the system.展开更多
2007年3～12月,对四川竹巴笼自然保护区的矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi)进行了行为谱工作的研究,建立了矮岩羊行为谱及其PAE(posture,act and environment)编码系统。研究分辨和记录了矮岩羊的11种姿势,83种动作和118种行为,还区别了各种...2007年3～12月,对四川竹巴笼自然保护区的矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi)进行了行为谱工作的研究,建立了矮岩羊行为谱及其PAE(posture,act and environment)编码系统。研究分辨和记录了矮岩羊的11种姿势,83种动作和118种行为,还区别了各种行为在雄性、雌性和幼体之间的相对发生频次以及发生季节。展开更多
基金Trichy-1 for academic support throughout the studythe Department of Science and Technology (SERCFasttrack Young scientist Scheme),India for fundingthe Tamil Nadu Forest Department for granting me the required permission.
文摘The Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis),a near threatened bird and one of eight pelican species in the world,can be found only in South and Southeast Asia over an area between 129000 and 181000 km 2 with strongholds in India,Sri Lanka,southern Cambodia and coastal areas of Sumatra.In India,it is presently distributed in southern and northeastern India with concentrations in Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Karnataka and Assam states.An ethogram of the Spot-billed Pelican was presented and as many as 25 individual behaviors grouped under nine different categories were described:resting,alert,comfort/maintenance,locomotion,foraging,antagonistic,sexual,chick care and foraging,and vocalizations.Descriptions of behaviors of the Spot-billed Pelican in this paper would be immensely useful while preparing conservation and management plan for the species present both in the captive and wild condition.
文摘Organisms inhabiting arid environments face challenges to obtain dietary water.To prevent desiccation,some organisms possess unique adaptations to harvest water from infrequent and unpredictable rainfall,including several squamates(snakes and lizards).While most squamates consume precipitation as it pools in the environment,a small number engage in behaviors to enhance water collection by capturing precipitation from their own skin,referred to as rain-harvesting behavior(RHB).Details of this behavior remain unclear,particularly the sequence of behaviors associated with RHB.We developed a method to simulate rainfall to observe RHB in prairie rattlesnakes(Crotalus viridis)in situ and recorded 72 events in 94 snakes,the most robust sampling of RHB to date.Using video analysis,we describe the postures and kinematics of RHB and develop the first illustrated ethogram of this behavior for any vertebrate.Our results demonstrate that RHB contains fixed and variable patterns useful in cross-species comparisons and in exploring proximate causes of the behavior.In addition,we describe novel features of RHB including suspended head drinking,body levering,and drinking from neighboring snakes.Our results reveal RHB to be an intricate suite of movements and actions,some of which allude to acute sensory abilities of these animals that warrant further study.Furthermore,observations of RHB at dens and rookeries suggest a potential,novel benefit of snake aggregation is the formation of large,communal surfaces for rain harvesting.We suggest that the extremely elongated body plan of snakes may be well-suited for a rapidly deployed,modular rain-harvesting system effective at capitalizing on fleeting rainstorms characteristic of arid ecosystems of the world.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030335001)the STI2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0200900)+9 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFF0702700 and 2018YFA0801403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81960422,32100801,82101241,82360226,82160923,82260929,82374425,and 32460194)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDB32060200)the STI2030-Major Projects(Nos.2022ZD0205200 and 2022ZD0212700)the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(Nos.202305AH340006 and 202305AH340007)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.202201AT070153 and 202201AT070139)the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province(No.202101AY070001-001)the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program(No.YNWR-QNBJ2019-043)the CAS“Light of West China”Programthe Yunnan Revitalization Talents Support Plan。
文摘Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health,and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking.Due to ethical constraints on human research,establishing monkey models is crucial to address these issues.With the rapid development of technology,transgenic monkey models of a range of brain diseases,especially autism spectrum disorder(ASD),have been successfully established.However,to establish practical and effective brain disease models and subsequently apply them to disease mechanism and treatment studies,there is still a lack of a standard tool,i.e.,a system for collecting and analyzing the daily behaviors of brain disease model monkeys.Therefore,with the goal of undertaking a comprehensive and quantitative study of behavioral phenotypes,we established a standard daily behavior collection and analysis system,including behavioral data collection protocols and a monkey daily behavior ethogram(MDBE)for rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys,which are the most commonly used non-human primates in model construction.Then,we used ASD as an application example after referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition,Text Revision(DSM-5-TR),which is widely used in clinical disease diagnosis to obtain ASD core clinical symptoms.We then established a sub-ethogram(ASD monkey core behavior ethogram(MCBE-ASD))specifically for quantitative assessment of the core clinical symptoms of an ASD monkey model based on MDBE.Subsequently,we demonstrated the high reproducibility of the system.
文摘2007年3～12月,对四川竹巴笼自然保护区的矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi)进行了行为谱工作的研究,建立了矮岩羊行为谱及其PAE(posture,act and environment)编码系统。研究分辨和记录了矮岩羊的11种姿势,83种动作和118种行为,还区别了各种行为在雄性、雌性和幼体之间的相对发生频次以及发生季节。
