Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has b...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.展开更多
In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is...Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.展开更多
Sustained and spatially explicit monitoring of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is critical for effectively tracking progress toward the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Although la...Sustained and spatially explicit monitoring of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is critical for effectively tracking progress toward the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Although land cover information has long been recognized as an essential component for monitoring SDGs,a standardized scientific framework for identifying and prioritizing land cover related essential variables does not exist.Therefore,we propose a novel expert-and data-driven framework for identifying,refining,and selecting a priority list of Essential Land cover-related Variables for SDGs(ELcV4SDGs).This framework integrates methods including expert knowledge-based analysis,clustering of variables with similar attributes,and quantified index calculation to establish the priority list.Applying the framework to 15 specific SDG indicators,we found that the ELcV4SDGs priority list comprises three main categories,type and structure,pattern and intensity,and process and evolution of land cover,which are further divided into 19 subcategories and ultimately encompass 50 general variables.The ELcV4SDGs will support detailed spatial monitoring and enhance their scientific applications for SDG monitoring and assessment,thereby guiding future SDG priority actions and informing decision-making to advance the 2030 SDGs agenda at local,national,and global levels.展开更多
Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads ...Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads to a significant overall yield loss.In recent years of development,the exploitation of naturally occurring fungitoxic compounds such as Sandalwood Essential Oil(SEO)has been useful in tackling various fungal species.This study demonstrates the potential of SEO as part of a storage protection strategy against C.gloeosporioides-induced postharvest anthracnose.SEO displayed a relatively higher mycelial growth inhibition rate when compared to various other essential oils.Furthermore,the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC),and EC_(50)(Half maximal effective concentration)of SEO were determined to be 2000,2500,and 610.38μL/L,respectively.Moreover,the chitosan glutamate-SEO emulsion controlled the anthracnose spread for several days by multiple folds at½MIC,MIC,and 2 MIC concentrations.These results strongly support the potential for largescale production and application of SEO emulsions by agrochemical firms and post-harvest storage facilities handling Keitt mangoes.展开更多
This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cel...This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.展开更多
Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to expl...Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to explore the sleep-promoting mechanism of essential oil and saponins from SP.As 2 main bioactive constituents of SP,essential oil(SPO)and saponin(SPS)were extracted,then was given to p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration.Then,the behavioral tests,neurotransmitter receptors,cytokines and hormone in brain were investigated.Behavior test showed that SPO and SPS exhibited sleep-enhancing effect through suppressing depression,shortening the onset time while prolonging the sleep duration in insomnia mice.Also SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin(5-HT)receptors in serotonergic neurons,increased glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)content in GABAergic neurons,and stimulatedγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors expression to enhance the synaptic inhibition.Moreover,they could down-regulated the cytokines and rebalanced hormone expressions.Although both SPO and SPS exerted sleep-promoting,they had different focusing targets.SPS had stronger effect on neurotransmitter receptors regulation while SPO had better hormone rebalanced ability.Briefly,SPO and SPS exerted sedative-hypnotic effect in insomnia mice through modulating multi-targets in serotonergic and GABAergic system.展开更多
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction proce...Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.展开更多
Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow bio...Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow biopsy findings and the detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation, after the exclusion of secondary thrombocytosis due to conditions such as inflammation, hemolysis, infection, and iron deficiency. On the other hand, Ulcerative colitis represents an inflammatory disorder of the colon. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is established through clinical assessment, endoscopic examination, and histological criteria, without a discernible alternative etiology. The concomitant occurrence of these two conditions is infrequent. We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation. A subsequent colonoscopy accompanied by a biopsy revealed histological features consistent with ulcerative colitis. The patient was administered cytoreductive therapy in combination with mesalazine, resulting in favorable outcomes. Current literature addressing this association is limited, indicating the need for further investigative studies to elucidate the causal relationships between these two pathologies and to achieve improved therapeutic management strategies.展开更多
Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated mot...Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated motility serves as a crucial virulence trait of Salmonella that guides the pathogen toward the epithelial surface,enhancing gut colonization.Artemisia argyit essential oil,a traditional herb extract,demonstrates efficacy in treating inflammationrelated symptoms and diseases;however,its effects on flagellum assembly and expression mechanisms in anti-Salmonella activity remain inadequately explored.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Artemisia argyit essential oil addresses Salmonella infections.Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Artemisia argyit exhibited anti-Salmonella infection potential and inhibited flagellum-dependent motility.The application of Artemisia argyit essential oil induced notable motility defects through the downregulation of flagellar and fimbriae expression.Moreover,it significantly reduced Salmonella-infected cell damage by interfering with flagellum-mediated Salmonella colonization.In vivo studies demonstrated that Artemisia argyit essential oil administration effectively alleviated Salmonella infection symptoms by reducing bacterial loads,inhibiting interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)production,and diminishing pathological injury.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified forty-three compounds in Artemisia argyit essential oil,with their corresponding targets and active ingredients predicted.Investigation of an in vivo model of Salmonella infection using the active ingredient demonstrated that alpha-cedrene ameliorated Salmonella infection.These findings suggest the potential application of Artemisia argyit essential oil in controlling Salmonella,the predominant food-borne pathogen.展开更多
BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transa...BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Essential phospholipids(EPLs)have been shown to reduce levels of these liver enzymes and improve ultrasonographic features.While non-invasive diagnostic tests have been developed to stage inflammation,these tests were not specifically designed to evaluate patients with NAFLD.This highlights the need to describe the liver enzyme profile across the different levels of NAFLD severity for improved grading and staging of NAFLD.AIM To describe liver enzyme profiles across NAFLD severity to inform a diagnostic staging algorithm and identify who may benefit from EPLs.METHODS This post-hoc analysis of the observational MANPOWER study included 2843 adult patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD.The primary endpoint was assessment of baseline liver enzyme profiles.Secondary endpoints were effectiveness of Essentiale®(an EPL)on liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography findings across three definitions of NAFLD:(1)Statistical distribution of liver enzyme levels;(2)MANPOWER cut-offs;and(3)Presence of physiciandiagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The best performing algorithm was used to describe the risk factors and profiles associated with increased liver enzyme levels.RESULTS Of the 2843 patients included in this post-hoc analysis,most were female(62.2%),with a mean age of 48.4 years(SD 8.59 years).Overall,mean levels of ALT,AST and GGT increased with NAFLD severity for all three subgroups,with the rate of chronic comorbidities correlated with NAFLD severity.Across each subgroup of interest,Essentiale significantly reduced average liver enzyme levels and improved ultrasonography features,including diffuse liver hyperechogenicity and heterogeneous liver structure(P<0.05),with greater benefit associated with increased severity.Compared with all algorithms tested,the algorithm based on the statistical distribution of liver enzymes displayed the highest accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for the grading and staging of NAFLD and could form the basis of a diagnostic algorithm.CONCLUSION Liver enzyme profiles may identify NAFLD severity and allow monitoring of therapeutic response.Essentiale may improve liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography features.An algorithm could aid in the diagnosis/staging of NAFLD.展开更多
The multi-agent controllability is intrinsically affected by the network topology and the selection of leaders.A focus of exploring this problem is to uncover the relationship between the eigenspace of Laplacian matri...The multi-agent controllability is intrinsically affected by the network topology and the selection of leaders.A focus of exploring this problem is to uncover the relationship between the eigenspace of Laplacian matrix and network topology.For strongly connected directed circle graphs,we elaborate how the zero entries in the left eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix L arise.The topologies arising from left eigenvectors with zero entries are filtered to construct essentially controllable directed circle graphs regardless of the choice of leaders.We propose two methods for constructing a substantial quantity of essentially controllable graphs,with a focus on utilizing essentially controllable circle graphs as the foundation.For a special directed graph-OT tree,the controllability is shown to be related with its substructure-paths.This promotes the establishment of a sufficient and necessary condition for controllability.Finally,a method is presented to check the controllable subspace by identifying the left eigenvectors and generalized left eigenvectors.展开更多
Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for manag...Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for managing the supply chain of these commodities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LMIS in ensuring the availability of essential medicines and medical supplies in public hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Materials and Methods: From February to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public hospitals across the Copperbelt Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, checklists, and stock control cards. The study assessed LMIS availability, training, and knowledge among pharmacy personnel, as well as data accuracy, product availability, and order fill rates. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: All surveyed hospitals had LMIS implemented and were using eLMIS as the primary LMIS. Only 47% and 48% of pharmacy personnel received training in eLMIS and Essential Medicines Logistics Improvement Program (EMLIP), respectively. Most personnel demonstrated good knowledge of LMIS, with 77.7% able to log in to eLMIS Facility Edition, 76.6% able to locate stock control cards in the system, and 78.7% able to perform transactions. However, data accuracy from physical and electronic records varied from 0% to 60%, and product availability ranged from 50% to 80%. Order fill rates from Zambia Medicines and Medical Supplies Agency (ZAMMSA) were consistently below 30%. Discrepancies were observed between physical stock counts and eLMIS records. Conclusion: This study found that most hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia have implemented LMIS use. While LMIS implementation is high in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, challenges such as low training levels, data inaccuracies, low product availability, and order fill rates persist. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including capacity building, data quality improvement, supply chain coordination, and investment in infrastructure and human resources. Strengthening LMIS effectiveness is crucial for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in Zambia.展开更多
The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in trea...The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.展开更多
This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,recently termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,affects 25%of adults globally,with a prevalence reaching 93%in obese individuals.The MANPOWER study,a post hoc ...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,recently termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,affects 25%of adults globally,with a prevalence reaching 93%in obese individuals.The MANPOWER study,a post hoc analysis of 2843 Russian patients with newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,evaluated Essentiale Forte N®[essential phospholipids(EPLs)]therapy and a liver enzymebased staging algorithm.Using generalized linear regression and McNemar tests,EPLs reduced liver enzyme levels(alanine aminotransferase:-20.4 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase:-16.9 U/L,gamma-glutamyl transferase:-17.1 U/L at 24 weeks,P<0.001)and improved ultrasonography findings(76.8%reduction in hyperechogenicity,P<0.001).A logistic regression algorithm using alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels achieved 72.3%accuracy,75.6%sensitivity,71.0%specificity,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74(95%confidence interval:0.71-0.77)for identifying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.These findings advocate EPLs as a safe,effective therapy and propose a scalable diagnostic tool,urging validation to reduce the reliance on biopsy.展开更多
Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,1...Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,13,500,17,500,and 21,500 rpm)on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin films enriched with cinnamon essential oil(CEO).Homogenization reduced droplet sizes and narrowed droplet size distributions in the film-forming emulsion(FFE).At a homogenization rate of 9500 rpm,the films exhibited excellent mechan-ical extensibility,reduced surface irregularities,and enhanced smoothness.The highest(p<0.05)tensile strength and elongation at break were observed at this rate,showing increases of 57%and 14%,respectively,compared to the control film made from non-homogenized FFE.However,further increases in homogenization rates signifi-cantly increased(p<0.05)water vapor permeability and caused CEO droplets aggregation,leading to increased surface irregularities and the formation of pores in the film microstructure.These structural changes were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).These findings indicate that the film properties were significantly influenced by the homogenization rate,highlighting its role in tailoring the mechanical and barrier properties of fish gelatin/CEO films for food packaging applications.展开更多
Recognizing essential proteins within bacteriophages is fundamental to uncovering their replication and survival mechanisms and contributes to advances in phage-based antibacterial therapies.Despite notable progress,e...Recognizing essential proteins within bacteriophages is fundamental to uncovering their replication and survival mechanisms and contributes to advances in phage-based antibacterial therapies.Despite notable progress,existing computational techniques struggle to represent the interplay between sequence-derived and structuredependent protein features.To overcome this limitation,we introduce GLM-EP,a unified framework that fuses protein language models with equivariant graph neural networks.Bymerging semantic embeddings extracted from amino acid sequences with geometry-aware graph representations,GLM-EP enables an in-depth depiction of phage proteins and enhances essential protein identification.Evaluation on diverse benchmark datasets confirms that GLM-EP surpasses conventional sequence-based and independent deep-learning methods,yielding higher F1 and AUROC outcomes.Component-wise analysis demonstrates that GCNII,EGNN,and the gated multi-head attention mechanism function in a complementary manner to encode complex molecular attributes.In summary,GLM-EP serves as a robust and efficient tool for bacteriophage genomic analysis and provides valuable methodological perspectives for the discovery of antibiotic-resistance therapeutic targets.The corresponding code repository is available at:https://github.com/MiJia-ID/GLM-EP(accessed on 01 November 2025).展开更多
Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations b...Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.F.Wang,grant number 82204071)(P.Y.Su,grant numbers 81874268 and 82473655)the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(P.Y.Su,No.JKS2023016)Anhui Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Y.Zhou,No.AHWJ2023A30027)。
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
基金We appreciate the financial support of this work by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources from Golestan Province(Grant No.9413184180).
文摘Drought,as the most catastrophic abiotic stress,poses a significant threat to the growth and development of plants.Among the mechanisms employed by plants to cope with drought-induced stress,abscisic acid(ABA)which is the sesquiterpene hormone,occupies a pivotal role.A hypothesis has emerged that the exogenous application of ABA can positively influence the terpenoid content of Lavandula angustifolia cv Hidcote essential oil(EO),thereby conferring enhanced resilience to drought stress.A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with three replicationsandfour irrigation regimes,including I4[30%-40%of field capacity(FC)],I3(50%-60%FC),I2(70%-80%FC),andI1(90%-100%FC)as control.Application of ABAspraying included three concentrations,A3(30μmol·L^(-1)ABA),A2(15μmol·L^(-1)ABA),and A1 as control(distilled water).Results revealed that drought significantly affected all studied traits except for relative water content(RWC)and shoot dry mass.The ABA impact application on the observed traits was found to be dependent upon the level of drought to which the plants were exposed.Specifically,the highest levels of flavonoid content,total antioxidant activity,peroxidase(POX)activity,and EO percentage were observed under I4A2 conditions.Conversely,the highest levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity,and proline were recorded under I4A3 conditions,while the highest EO yield was obtained under I3A2 conditions.Analysis of the EO revealed that there were common indicative compounds across the varying levels of droughtandABAapplication,including linalool,camphor,borneol,bornyl formate,andcaryophyllene oxide.Theproduction pattern ofmonoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds demonstrated a distinct trend,with the highest concentration of monoterpene hydrocarbon compounds(average of 12.92%)being observed in the I2A3 treatment group,andthe highest concentration of oxygenatedmonoterpenecompounds(average of 64.76%)being recorded in the I1A1 group.Conversely,the most significant levels of sesquiterpene hydrocarboncompounds(14.98%)andoxygenated sesquiterpene compounds(10.46%)were observed in the I4A3 and I4A1 groups,respectively,showing the efficacy of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the action of ABA under drought conditions.The observed results indicated that the concentration of oxygenated monoterpene compounds decreases with an increase in drought level.Conversely,the application of ABA at any given drought level appears to resulted in increased concentrations of oxygenated monoterpene compounds in the same conditions.It may be concluded that plants under high-stress drought conditions allocate more terpene precursors to the production of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds,aided by ABA with the same properties.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41930650)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42301310).
文摘Sustained and spatially explicit monitoring of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is critical for effectively tracking progress toward the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Although land cover information has long been recognized as an essential component for monitoring SDGs,a standardized scientific framework for identifying and prioritizing land cover related essential variables does not exist.Therefore,we propose a novel expert-and data-driven framework for identifying,refining,and selecting a priority list of Essential Land cover-related Variables for SDGs(ELcV4SDGs).This framework integrates methods including expert knowledge-based analysis,clustering of variables with similar attributes,and quantified index calculation to establish the priority list.Applying the framework to 15 specific SDG indicators,we found that the ELcV4SDGs priority list comprises three main categories,type and structure,pattern and intensity,and process and evolution of land cover,which are further divided into 19 subcategories and ultimately encompass 50 general variables.The ELcV4SDGs will support detailed spatial monitoring and enhance their scientific applications for SDG monitoring and assessment,thereby guiding future SDG priority actions and informing decision-making to advance the 2030 SDGs agenda at local,national,and global levels.
基金funded by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund[grant number ZDKJ2021012]the National Key R&D Programof China[grant number 2023YFD2300801]received by Fei Qiaothe Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-751),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saud Arabia.
文摘Mango(Mangifera indica L.cv.‘Keitt’)is one of the core fruit delicacies produced by China.During the post-harvest storage span,the fungal pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides readily invades the fruits and leads to a significant overall yield loss.In recent years of development,the exploitation of naturally occurring fungitoxic compounds such as Sandalwood Essential Oil(SEO)has been useful in tackling various fungal species.This study demonstrates the potential of SEO as part of a storage protection strategy against C.gloeosporioides-induced postharvest anthracnose.SEO displayed a relatively higher mycelial growth inhibition rate when compared to various other essential oils.Furthermore,the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC),and EC_(50)(Half maximal effective concentration)of SEO were determined to be 2000,2500,and 610.38μL/L,respectively.Moreover,the chitosan glutamate-SEO emulsion controlled the anthracnose spread for several days by multiple folds at½MIC,MIC,and 2 MIC concentrations.These results strongly support the potential for largescale production and application of SEO emulsions by agrochemical firms and post-harvest storage facilities handling Keitt mangoes.
文摘This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project(82104952)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Medical Innovation Research Special Fund(21Y11923600,23Y11921600)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Clinical Research Special Fund(202140172)Yueyang Hospital Translational Medicine Research Institute Level Fund(2024yyzh05)Yueyang Hospital Young Talent Training Project(RY411.07.02.04).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.Methods:In total,144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited.The participants in the control group(n=52)were offered a placebo(sunflower oil)daily,whereas those in the essential oil group(n=52)were administered Sanhua essential oil.This study evaluated depression improvement,Hamilton Depression Scale score,scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score,incidence of nausea and vomiting,and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Depression improved by 48.1%and 21.2%in the essential oil and control groups,respectively(P=.010).The Hamilton Depression Scale score(P=.017),scores for symptoms in TCM(P=.002),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(nausea in the acute phase,P=.017;nausea in the delayed phase,P=.039;vomiting in the acute phase,P=.008;vomiting in the delayed phase,P=.081).The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group(P=.005).Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus,right precuneus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.Conclusion:Inhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer,improved sleep quality,relieved TCM symptoms,reduced nausea and vomiting,and regulated activities in the brain regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871778,31801468,and 32072201)Foshan Social Field Technology R&D Special Program(2120001008478)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(202201011762)State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(SZ2024KF05)。
文摘Semen Platycladi(SP)is the dried ripe kernel of Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco,has been used for insomnia treatment for bimillennium in China,which mechanism is not fully understood.The aim of this study was to explore the sleep-promoting mechanism of essential oil and saponins from SP.As 2 main bioactive constituents of SP,essential oil(SPO)and saponin(SPS)were extracted,then was given to p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia mice by intragastric administration.Then,the behavioral tests,neurotransmitter receptors,cytokines and hormone in brain were investigated.Behavior test showed that SPO and SPS exhibited sleep-enhancing effect through suppressing depression,shortening the onset time while prolonging the sleep duration in insomnia mice.Also SPO and SPS up-regulated serotonin(5-HT)receptors in serotonergic neurons,increased glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD)content in GABAergic neurons,and stimulatedγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptors expression to enhance the synaptic inhibition.Moreover,they could down-regulated the cytokines and rebalanced hormone expressions.Although both SPO and SPS exerted sleep-promoting,they had different focusing targets.SPS had stronger effect on neurotransmitter receptors regulation while SPO had better hormone rebalanced ability.Briefly,SPO and SPS exerted sedative-hypnotic effect in insomnia mice through modulating multi-targets in serotonergic and GABAergic system.
文摘Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.
文摘Essential thrombocythemia is classified as a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets stemming from a megakaryocytic clone. The diagnosis primarily relies on bone marrow biopsy findings and the detection of the JAK2 V617F mutation, after the exclusion of secondary thrombocytosis due to conditions such as inflammation, hemolysis, infection, and iron deficiency. On the other hand, Ulcerative colitis represents an inflammatory disorder of the colon. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is established through clinical assessment, endoscopic examination, and histological criteria, without a discernible alternative etiology. The concomitant occurrence of these two conditions is infrequent. We present the case of an 85-year-old patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia who exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation. A subsequent colonoscopy accompanied by a biopsy revealed histological features consistent with ulcerative colitis. The patient was administered cytoreductive therapy in combination with mesalazine, resulting in favorable outcomes. Current literature addressing this association is limited, indicating the need for further investigative studies to elucidate the causal relationships between these two pathologies and to achieve improved therapeutic management strategies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20523,U23A20242)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1801000).
文摘Salmonellosis represents a global epidemic,and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Salmonella and its sustained transmission worldwide constitutes a significant public health concern.Flagellum-mediated motility serves as a crucial virulence trait of Salmonella that guides the pathogen toward the epithelial surface,enhancing gut colonization.Artemisia argyit essential oil,a traditional herb extract,demonstrates efficacy in treating inflammationrelated symptoms and diseases;however,its effects on flagellum assembly and expression mechanisms in anti-Salmonella activity remain inadequately explored.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which Artemisia argyit essential oil addresses Salmonella infections.Network pharmacological analysis revealed that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Artemisia argyit exhibited anti-Salmonella infection potential and inhibited flagellum-dependent motility.The application of Artemisia argyit essential oil induced notable motility defects through the downregulation of flagellar and fimbriae expression.Moreover,it significantly reduced Salmonella-infected cell damage by interfering with flagellum-mediated Salmonella colonization.In vivo studies demonstrated that Artemisia argyit essential oil administration effectively alleviated Salmonella infection symptoms by reducing bacterial loads,inhibiting interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)production,and diminishing pathological injury.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis identified forty-three compounds in Artemisia argyit essential oil,with their corresponding targets and active ingredients predicted.Investigation of an in vivo model of Salmonella infection using the active ingredient demonstrated that alpha-cedrene ameliorated Salmonella infection.These findings suggest the potential application of Artemisia argyit essential oil in controlling Salmonella,the predominant food-borne pathogen.
文摘BACKGROUND Since non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with abnormal liver function tests,treatment recommendations aim to reduce the level of known markers of liver inflammation,such as alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT).Essential phospholipids(EPLs)have been shown to reduce levels of these liver enzymes and improve ultrasonographic features.While non-invasive diagnostic tests have been developed to stage inflammation,these tests were not specifically designed to evaluate patients with NAFLD.This highlights the need to describe the liver enzyme profile across the different levels of NAFLD severity for improved grading and staging of NAFLD.AIM To describe liver enzyme profiles across NAFLD severity to inform a diagnostic staging algorithm and identify who may benefit from EPLs.METHODS This post-hoc analysis of the observational MANPOWER study included 2843 adult patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD.The primary endpoint was assessment of baseline liver enzyme profiles.Secondary endpoints were effectiveness of Essentiale®(an EPL)on liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography findings across three definitions of NAFLD:(1)Statistical distribution of liver enzyme levels;(2)MANPOWER cut-offs;and(3)Presence of physiciandiagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.The best performing algorithm was used to describe the risk factors and profiles associated with increased liver enzyme levels.RESULTS Of the 2843 patients included in this post-hoc analysis,most were female(62.2%),with a mean age of 48.4 years(SD 8.59 years).Overall,mean levels of ALT,AST and GGT increased with NAFLD severity for all three subgroups,with the rate of chronic comorbidities correlated with NAFLD severity.Across each subgroup of interest,Essentiale significantly reduced average liver enzyme levels and improved ultrasonography features,including diffuse liver hyperechogenicity and heterogeneous liver structure(P<0.05),with greater benefit associated with increased severity.Compared with all algorithms tested,the algorithm based on the statistical distribution of liver enzymes displayed the highest accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for the grading and staging of NAFLD and could form the basis of a diagnostic algorithm.CONCLUSION Liver enzyme profiles may identify NAFLD severity and allow monitoring of therapeutic response.Essentiale may improve liver enzyme levels and ultrasonography features.An algorithm could aid in the diagnosis/staging of NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373205,62033007)Taishan Scholars Climbing Program of Shandong Province of China,and Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province of China(tstp20230624,ts20190930).
文摘The multi-agent controllability is intrinsically affected by the network topology and the selection of leaders.A focus of exploring this problem is to uncover the relationship between the eigenspace of Laplacian matrix and network topology.For strongly connected directed circle graphs,we elaborate how the zero entries in the left eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix L arise.The topologies arising from left eigenvectors with zero entries are filtered to construct essentially controllable directed circle graphs regardless of the choice of leaders.We propose two methods for constructing a substantial quantity of essentially controllable graphs,with a focus on utilizing essentially controllable circle graphs as the foundation.For a special directed graph-OT tree,the controllability is shown to be related with its substructure-paths.This promotes the establishment of a sufficient and necessary condition for controllability.Finally,a method is presented to check the controllable subspace by identifying the left eigenvectors and generalized left eigenvectors.
文摘Background: The availability of essential medicines and medical supplies is crucial for effectively delivering healthcare services. In Zambia, the Logistics Management Information System (LMIS) is a key tool for managing the supply chain of these commodities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LMIS in ensuring the availability of essential medicines and medical supplies in public hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Materials and Methods: From February to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public hospitals across the Copperbelt Province. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, checklists, and stock control cards. The study assessed LMIS availability, training, and knowledge among pharmacy personnel, as well as data accuracy, product availability, and order fill rates. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: All surveyed hospitals had LMIS implemented and were using eLMIS as the primary LMIS. Only 47% and 48% of pharmacy personnel received training in eLMIS and Essential Medicines Logistics Improvement Program (EMLIP), respectively. Most personnel demonstrated good knowledge of LMIS, with 77.7% able to log in to eLMIS Facility Edition, 76.6% able to locate stock control cards in the system, and 78.7% able to perform transactions. However, data accuracy from physical and electronic records varied from 0% to 60%, and product availability ranged from 50% to 80%. Order fill rates from Zambia Medicines and Medical Supplies Agency (ZAMMSA) were consistently below 30%. Discrepancies were observed between physical stock counts and eLMIS records. Conclusion: This study found that most hospitals in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia have implemented LMIS use. While LMIS implementation is high in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, challenges such as low training levels, data inaccuracies, low product availability, and order fill rates persist. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including capacity building, data quality improvement, supply chain coordination, and investment in infrastructure and human resources. Strengthening LMIS effectiveness is crucial for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in Zambia.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0501303).
文摘The development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers.Broiers,at the age of 14 d,were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts,and then,eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages(0.1,0.2 or 0.4 g/kg).The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index(ACI).As a result,eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect,with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg.After eugenol treatment,the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater(P<0.05)than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control(IC)group.The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased.Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase.After high-dose treatment,the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-6 significantly decreased,while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γsignificantly increased.The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1,3 or 6 recommended doses.Overall,no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group.As a result,eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions,thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,recently termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,affects 25%of adults globally,with a prevalence reaching 93%in obese individuals.The MANPOWER study,a post hoc analysis of 2843 Russian patients with newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,evaluated Essentiale Forte N®[essential phospholipids(EPLs)]therapy and a liver enzymebased staging algorithm.Using generalized linear regression and McNemar tests,EPLs reduced liver enzyme levels(alanine aminotransferase:-20.4 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase:-16.9 U/L,gamma-glutamyl transferase:-17.1 U/L at 24 weeks,P<0.001)and improved ultrasonography findings(76.8%reduction in hyperechogenicity,P<0.001).A logistic regression algorithm using alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels achieved 72.3%accuracy,75.6%sensitivity,71.0%specificity,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74(95%confidence interval:0.71-0.77)for identifying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.These findings advocate EPLs as a safe,effective therapy and propose a scalable diagnostic tool,urging validation to reduce the reliance on biopsy.
文摘Fish gelatin films have emerged as eco-friendly packaging materials due to their biodegradability and excellent film-forming properties.This study investigated the effects of varying homogenization rates(0,6500,9500,13,500,17,500,and 21,500 rpm)on the functional and structural properties of fish gelatin films enriched with cinnamon essential oil(CEO).Homogenization reduced droplet sizes and narrowed droplet size distributions in the film-forming emulsion(FFE).At a homogenization rate of 9500 rpm,the films exhibited excellent mechan-ical extensibility,reduced surface irregularities,and enhanced smoothness.The highest(p<0.05)tensile strength and elongation at break were observed at this rate,showing increases of 57%and 14%,respectively,compared to the control film made from non-homogenized FFE.However,further increases in homogenization rates signifi-cantly increased(p<0.05)water vapor permeability and caused CEO droplets aggregation,leading to increased surface irregularities and the formation of pores in the film microstructure.These structural changes were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).These findings indicate that the film properties were significantly influenced by the homogenization rate,highlighting its role in tailoring the mechanical and barrier properties of fish gelatin/CEO films for food packaging applications.
基金supported in part by funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2022FY101104).
文摘Recognizing essential proteins within bacteriophages is fundamental to uncovering their replication and survival mechanisms and contributes to advances in phage-based antibacterial therapies.Despite notable progress,existing computational techniques struggle to represent the interplay between sequence-derived and structuredependent protein features.To overcome this limitation,we introduce GLM-EP,a unified framework that fuses protein language models with equivariant graph neural networks.Bymerging semantic embeddings extracted from amino acid sequences with geometry-aware graph representations,GLM-EP enables an in-depth depiction of phage proteins and enhances essential protein identification.Evaluation on diverse benchmark datasets confirms that GLM-EP surpasses conventional sequence-based and independent deep-learning methods,yielding higher F1 and AUROC outcomes.Component-wise analysis demonstrates that GCNII,EGNN,and the gated multi-head attention mechanism function in a complementary manner to encode complex molecular attributes.In summary,GLM-EP serves as a robust and efficient tool for bacteriophage genomic analysis and provides valuable methodological perspectives for the discovery of antibiotic-resistance therapeutic targets.The corresponding code repository is available at:https://github.com/MiJia-ID/GLM-EP(accessed on 01 November 2025).
基金Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HCMUT),VNU-HCM for supporting this study.
文摘Vitamin C,a potent antioxidant with broad therapeutic applications,is limited by rapid degradation under environmental stressors,which compromises its stability and bioactivity.This study addresses these limitations by formulating a double nano-emulsion(W/O/W)system incorporating macadamia oil and tea tree oil,using homogenization and phase inversion temperature(PIT)techniques.Comprehensive physicochemical charac-terization,including droplet size,polydispersity index(PDI),zeta potential,turbidity,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and SEM,was conducted alongside stability assessments under varying pH,temperature,and storage conditions.The optimized nano-emulsions exhibited nanoscale droplet sizes(10-40 nm),low PDI values(indicating high uniformity),and robust stability.Interestingly,the formulation with 2%W/O loading,with a particle size of 11.57 nm and a PDI of 0.04,demonstrated an antioxidant capacity of 4622.62μg ascorbic acid equivalents(AA)/g,which was significantly higher(p<0.05)compared to both natural oils(macadamia oil:20.91μg AA/g,tea tree oil:16.86μg AA/g)and a 10%Vitamin C aqueous solution(592.94μg AA/g).FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of Vitamin C and its successful encapsulation with macadamia and tea tree oils,while SEM images revealed uniformly spherical and well-dispersed droplets.Moreover,the formulation retained its structural integrity and antioxidant functionality under diverse pH and thermal conditions.These findings underscore the potential of double nano-emulsion systems to overcome the stability challenges of Vitamin C,offering a promising approach to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic performance in phar-maceutical and cosmetic applications.
