A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subca...A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm （DSAA） is proposed, to optimize the system model. The subcarrier allocation decision is made by the proposed DSAA according to the maximum value of total utility function with respect to the queue mean waiting time. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better delay performance and can provide fairness under different loads by using different utility functions.展开更多
The existing studies, concerning the dressing process, focus on the major influence of the dressing conditions on the grinding response variables. However, the choice of the dressing conditions is often made, based on...The existing studies, concerning the dressing process, focus on the major influence of the dressing conditions on the grinding response variables. However, the choice of the dressing conditions is often made, based on the experience of the qualified staff or using data from reference books. The optimal dressing parameters, which are only valid for the particular methods and dressing and grinding conditions, are also used. The paper presents a methodology for optimization of the dressing parameters in cylindrical grinding. The generalized utility function has been chosen as an optimization parameter. It is a complex indicator determining the economic, dynamic and manufacturing characteristics of the grinding process. The developed methodology is implemented for the dressing of aluminium oxide grinding wheels by using experimental diamond roller dressers with different grit sizes made of medium- and high-strength synthetic diamonds type AC32 and AC80. To solve the optimization problem, a model of the generalized utility function is created which reflects the complex impact of dressing parameters. The model is built based on the results from the conducted complex study and modeling of the grinding wheel lifetime, cutting ability, production rate and cutting forces during grinding. They are closely related to the dressing conditions （dressing speed ratio, radial in-feed of the diamond roller dresser and dress-out time）, the diamond roller dresser grit size/grinding wheel grit size ratio, the type of synthetic diamonds and the direction of dressing. Some dressing parameters are determined for which the generalized utility fimction has a maximum and which guarantee an optimum combination of the following： the lifetime and cutting ability of the abrasive wheels, the tangential cutting force magnitude and the production rate of the grinding process. The results obtained prove the possibility of control and optimization of grinding by selecting particular dressing parameters.展开更多
The question of optimal portfolio is that finds the trading strategy satisfying the maximal expected utility function subject to some constraints. There is the optimal trading strategy under the risk neutral probabili...The question of optimal portfolio is that finds the trading strategy satisfying the maximal expected utility function subject to some constraints. There is the optimal trading strategy under the risk neutral probability measure （martingale measure） if and only if there is no-arbitrage opportunity in the market. This paper argues the optimal wealth and the optimal value of expected utility with different utility function.展开更多
Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cel...Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cellulose has attracted wide attention due to its green recycling,sustainable development,degradability,and low cost.Therefore,cellulose and its derivatives were used as the starting point for comprehensive analysis.First,the basic structural properties of cellulose were discussed,and then the extraction and utilization methods of cellulose were reviewed,including Sodium Hydroxide based solvent system,N,N-Dimethylacetamide/Lithium Chloride System,N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide(NMMO)system,ionic liquids(ILs)system,and deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.Then,the functional modification techniques of cellulose are introduced,including nano-modification,small molecule modification,and macromolecular modification.Finally,the potential applications of cellulose in the fields of reinforcement materials,self-healing materials,radioactive cooling,nanogenerators,and biomedicine were discussed.At the end of this paper,the challenges and future development direction of cellulose materials are prospectively analyzed,aiming at providing guidance and inspiration for the research and application in related fields.展开更多
This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the prob...This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the problem is equivalent to a parabolic double obstacle problem involving two free boundaries that correspond to the optimal buying and selling policies. Numerical examples are obtained by the binomial method.展开更多
In mobile edge computing(MEC),one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server(MES)should be allocated to which user equipment(UE).The existing resource allocation schemes only conside...In mobile edge computing(MEC),one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server(MES)should be allocated to which user equipment(UE).The existing resource allocation schemes only consider CPU as the requested resource and assume utility for MESs as either a random variable or dependent on the requested CPU only.This paper presents a novel comprehensive utility function for resource allocation in MEC.The utility function considers the heterogeneous nature of applications that a UE offloads to MES.The proposed utility function considers all important parameters,including CPU,RAM,hard disk space,required time,and distance,to calculate a more realistic utility value for MESs.Moreover,we improve upon some general algorithms,used for resource allocation in MEC and cloud computing,by considering our proposed utility function.We name the improved versions of these resource allocation schemes as comprehensive resource allocation schemes.The UE requests are modeled to represent the amount of resources requested by the UE as well as the time for which the UE has requested these resources.The utility function depends upon the UE requests and the distance between UEs and MES,and serves as a realistic means of comparison between different types of UE requests.Choosing(or selecting)an optimal MES with the optimal amount of resources to be allocated to each UE request is a challenging task.We show that MES resource allocation is sub-optimal if CPU is the only resource considered.By taking into account the other resources,i.e.,RAM,disk space,request time,and distance in the utility function,we demonstrate improvement in the resource allocation algorithms in terms of service rate,utility,and MES energy consumption.展开更多
Experience from past earthquakes has demonstrated the need to account for design goals beyond safety,known as functional recovery objectives,in the interest of community resilience.Frameworks have been proposed in the...Experience from past earthquakes has demonstrated the need to account for design goals beyond safety,known as functional recovery objectives,in the interest of community resilience.Frameworks have been proposed in the literature to assess the post-earthquake functional recovery of a building,but without accounting for utility systems’disruption,which may be a key contributor to determining when a building is functional.This paper integrates a previously proposed probabilistic method for estimating the post-earthquake restoration of critical utility services with an individual building’s functional recovery assessment framework.The integration was performed by incorporating utilities into the building system fault trees embedded into a functional recovery framework for various building occupancies(residential and commercial office buildings).Once incorporated,the results are used to interrogate the functional recovery of a reinforced concrete building,and the recovery time results were presented for seven cases investigating contributing factors in the functional recovery results including the number of crews available for lifeline restoration,the effect of low-quality service on meeting tenant requirements for elevators,heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC),plumbing and electrical systems,consideration of fire watch,the effect of building seismic retrofit,as well as different cases of fragility functions for the lifeline systems.Results showed that utility systems’disruption does not have a significant impact on the recoccupancy of a building because only one utility-dependent building system(fire suppression)is needed for the building’s safety.Unlike reoccupancy,utility systems are significant for functional recovery,mainly at moderate hazard levels because,at these levels,lifeline networks could be damaged without significant building damage,such that the lifeline systems restoration governs.Buildings with more restrictive tenant requirements are more sensitive to tenant disruptions.展开更多
Edible fungi are large fungi with high added value that can be utilized as resources.They are rich in high-quality protein,carbohydrate,various vitamins,mineral elements and other nutrients,and are characterized by hi...Edible fungi are large fungi with high added value that can be utilized as resources.They are rich in high-quality protein,carbohydrate,various vitamins,mineral elements and other nutrients,and are characterized by high protein,low sugar,low fat and low cholesterol.In addition,edible fungi contain a variety of bioactive substances,such as polysaccharides,dietary fiber,steroids,polyphenols,and most of these compounds have antioxidant,anti-tumor and other physiological functions.This review comprehensively discusses the bioactive components and functional characteristics of edible fungi(such as antioxidant,anti-aging,hypolipidemic activities,etc.).Then the recent developments and prospect in the high-valued utilization of edible fungi are discussed and summarized.The objective of this review is to improve the understanding of health-promoting properties of edible fungi,and provide reference for the industrial production of edible fungi-based health products.展开更多
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate...Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.展开更多
Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of informa...Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of information has not been fully discussed. Someone use “Bayesian approaches” to evaluate the value of information. But in some cases it does not meet the information user＇s need. This paper is focus on the subjective aspect of objectively measurable information and gives formal definitions for information, information utility, and marginal information utility, normalized calculation of information utility. The information discussed in the paper has interdisciplinary nature. This work can be the foundation of many application areas.展开更多
In this paper, the theory of stochastic differential utility is studied. Sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, continuity, monotonicity, time consistency, risk aversion and concavity are gived under non-Li...In this paper, the theory of stochastic differential utility is studied. Sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, continuity, monotonicity, time consistency, risk aversion and concavity are gived under non-Lipschtz assumptions.展开更多
The combination of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) with relaying techniques provides plentiful opportunities for high-performance and cost-effective networks.It requires intelligent radio resource...The combination of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) with relaying techniques provides plentiful opportunities for high-performance and cost-effective networks.It requires intelligent radio resource management schemes to harness these opportunities.This paper investigates the utility-based resource allocation problem in a real-time and non-real-time traffics mixed OFDMA cellular relay network to exploit the potentiality of relay.In order to apply utility theory to obtain an efficient tradeoff between throughput and fairness as well as satisfy the delay requirements of real-time traffics,a joint routing and scheduling scheme is proposed to resolve the resource allocation problem.Additionally,a low-complexity iterative algorithm is introduced to realize the scheme.The numerical results indicate that besides meeting the delay requirements of real-time traffic,the scheme can achieve the tradeoff between throughput and fairness effectively.展开更多
Satisficing control remains an important concept in decision making. In this paper, a new epistemic utility satisficing control theory is proposed for a new model of complex CMMO （ constrained multi-objective multi d...Satisficing control remains an important concept in decision making. In this paper, a new epistemic utility satisficing control theory is proposed for a new model of complex CMMO （ constrained multi-objective multi degree-of-freedom optimization） system. As well, an epistemic utility function is developed and used to adjust the feasible region of soft constraints. The theory proved in this paper indicates that the utility function not only expresses the subjectivity of the original satisfactory-degree function, but also takes the cost of searching for a solution into account. Thus, the satisfactory-degree function can be adjusted and its rationality can be validated. This theory contributes an analytical method to the inverse satisfactory optimization problem. The findings indicate that this theory has good convergence and outcomes desired for satisfactory-degree functions.展开更多
This paper proposes a joint layer scheme for fair downlink data scheduling in muhiuser OFDM wireless networks. Based on the optimization model formulated as the maximization of total utility function with respect to t...This paper proposes a joint layer scheme for fair downlink data scheduling in muhiuser OFDM wireless networks. Based on the optimization model formulated as the maximization of total utility function with respect to the mean waiting time of user queue, we present an algorithm with low complexity for dynamic subcarrier allocation （DSA）. The decision for subcarrier allocation was made according to delay utility function obtained by the algorithm that instantaneously estimated both channel condition and queue length using an exponentially weighted low-pass time window and pilot signals resPectively. The complexity of algorithm was reduced by varying the length of the time window to make use of time diversity, which provided higher throughput ratio. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional approach, the proposed scheme achieves better performance and can significantly improve fairness among users, with very limited delay performance degradation by using a decreasing concave utility function when the traffic load increases.展开更多
Compared with ordinary commercial products, housing has many special characteristics including the multi-function characteristic. How to evaluate the multi-functional nature of housing is very useful in both theory an...Compared with ordinary commercial products, housing has many special characteristics including the multi-function characteristic. How to evaluate the multi-functional nature of housing is very useful in both theory and in application, yet it is often ignored in China. This paper introduces an approach to estimate the multicriteria function of housing using multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) based on consumers’ ordinal multicriteria preferences as determined via questionnaires. When compared with the classic framework in which MAUT is applied, this approach needs less prior information and subjective comparisons and thus can allay many of the operational difficulties involved in assessment. Some potential applications to the China housing market are also discussed.展开更多
The likelihood function plays a central role in statistical analysis in relation to information, from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. In large samples several new properties of the likelihood in relation t...The likelihood function plays a central role in statistical analysis in relation to information, from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. In large samples several new properties of the likelihood in relation to information are developed here. The Arrow-Pratt absolute risk aversion measure is shown to be related to the Cramer-Rao Information bound. The derivative of the log-likelihood function is seen to provide a measure of information related stability for the Bayesian posterior density. As well, information similar prior densities can be defined reflecting the central role of likelihood in the Bayes learning paradigm.展开更多
The education level of entrepreneurs plays an important role in the decision-making process of loan financing. In this paper, the research method of optimization theory is used to study the problem of the education le...The education level of entrepreneurs plays an important role in the decision-making process of loan financing. In this paper, the research method of optimization theory is used to study the problem of the education level and maximizing utility of entrepreneurs, and the optimal analytic solution is obtained. On this basis, the influence of the change of bank loan interest rate, the marginal effect of entrepreneur’s effort, the marginal effect of entrepreneur’s investment, the elastic coefficient of entrepreneur’s effort and the elastic coefficient of entrepreneur’s investment on the optimal solution of entrepreneur’s effort and investment amount is discussed.展开更多
Two utility-optimization dynamic subcarrier allocation(DSA) algorithms are designed for single carrier frequency division multiple access system(SC-FDMA).The two proposed algorithms aim to support diverse transmission...Two utility-optimization dynamic subcarrier allocation(DSA) algorithms are designed for single carrier frequency division multiple access system(SC-FDMA).The two proposed algorithms aim to support diverse transmission capacity requirements in wireless networks,which consider both the channel state information(CSI) and the capacity requirements of each user by setting appropriate utility functions.Simulation results show that with considerable lower computational complexity,the first utility-optimization algorithm can meet the system capacity requirements of each user effectively.However,the rate-sum capacity performance is poor.Furthermore,the second proposed utility-optimization algorithm can contribute a better trade-off between system rate-sum capacity requirement and the capacity requirements of each user by introducing the signal to noise ratio(SNR) information to the utility function based on the first utility-optimization algorithm,which can improve the user requirements processing capability as well as achieve a better sum-rate capacity.展开更多
Expected utility theory of Von Neumann-Morgenstern assumes that a preference order is defined for all lotteries (c1, p; c2, 1 -p) (of with probability p, c2 with probability 1 - p) for all real p, 0≤p≤1. But when th...Expected utility theory of Von Neumann-Morgenstern assumes that a preference order is defined for all lotteries (c1, p; c2, 1 -p) (of with probability p, c2 with probability 1 - p) for all real p, 0≤p≤1. But when the probability p is irrational, it is hard to interpret the lottery intuitively. The utility theory of J. C. Shepherdson is introduced based on rational probabilities in this paper. And then, this paper studies the axioms proposed by J. C. Shepherdson, and puts forward a set of alternative axioms. At last, it is shown that both sets of axioms are equivalent.展开更多
Existing studies have mostly focused on sustainable intensification(SI)in agricultural systems,while neglecting the integrated analysis of SI for the land space utilization system(LSUS).This has resulted in a lack of ...Existing studies have mostly focused on sustainable intensification(SI)in agricultural systems,while neglecting the integrated analysis of SI for the land space utilization system(LSUS).This has resulted in a lack of systematic solutions in balancing sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection.This study reviewed SI's conceptual framework and evaluation,identified the gaps,and proposed an analytical framework of SI with clear logic and modeling processes for LSUS.Key findings include:(1)Resource competition and ecosystem pressures have highlighted the need to extend traditional agriculture-focused SI to LSUS and establish a clear quantitative evaluation framework for SI;(2)SI for LSUS refers to a system state in which a specific sub-system produces its dominant functions with resource savings,reduced environmental impact,efficient function output,and stable/enhanced function provision,while sub-systems evolve in a coordinated and orderly manner;(3)The assessment framework of SI for LSUS clarifies modeling processes,suggested indicators,methods and scale hierarchy system to help policymakers identify SI priorities across scales,informing strategies to balance agricultural,socioeconomic,and ecosystem goals.This study overcomes the limitations of traditional SI,providing crucial insights for tracking SI performance and identifying barriers in LSUS to enlighten the sustainable land use and management practices.展开更多
文摘A system model is formulated as the maximization of a total utility function to achieve fair downlink data scheduling in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） wireless networks. A dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm （DSAA） is proposed, to optimize the system model. The subcarrier allocation decision is made by the proposed DSAA according to the maximum value of total utility function with respect to the queue mean waiting time. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to the conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better delay performance and can provide fairness under different loads by using different utility functions.
文摘The existing studies, concerning the dressing process, focus on the major influence of the dressing conditions on the grinding response variables. However, the choice of the dressing conditions is often made, based on the experience of the qualified staff or using data from reference books. The optimal dressing parameters, which are only valid for the particular methods and dressing and grinding conditions, are also used. The paper presents a methodology for optimization of the dressing parameters in cylindrical grinding. The generalized utility function has been chosen as an optimization parameter. It is a complex indicator determining the economic, dynamic and manufacturing characteristics of the grinding process. The developed methodology is implemented for the dressing of aluminium oxide grinding wheels by using experimental diamond roller dressers with different grit sizes made of medium- and high-strength synthetic diamonds type AC32 and AC80. To solve the optimization problem, a model of the generalized utility function is created which reflects the complex impact of dressing parameters. The model is built based on the results from the conducted complex study and modeling of the grinding wheel lifetime, cutting ability, production rate and cutting forces during grinding. They are closely related to the dressing conditions （dressing speed ratio, radial in-feed of the diamond roller dresser and dress-out time）, the diamond roller dresser grit size/grinding wheel grit size ratio, the type of synthetic diamonds and the direction of dressing. Some dressing parameters are determined for which the generalized utility fimction has a maximum and which guarantee an optimum combination of the following： the lifetime and cutting ability of the abrasive wheels, the tangential cutting force magnitude and the production rate of the grinding process. The results obtained prove the possibility of control and optimization of grinding by selecting particular dressing parameters.
文摘The question of optimal portfolio is that finds the trading strategy satisfying the maximal expected utility function subject to some constraints. There is the optimal trading strategy under the risk neutral probability measure （martingale measure） if and only if there is no-arbitrage opportunity in the market. This paper argues the optimal wealth and the optimal value of expected utility with different utility function.
基金supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20134420120009)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong(2014A010105047)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(201707010367).
文摘Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cellulose has attracted wide attention due to its green recycling,sustainable development,degradability,and low cost.Therefore,cellulose and its derivatives were used as the starting point for comprehensive analysis.First,the basic structural properties of cellulose were discussed,and then the extraction and utilization methods of cellulose were reviewed,including Sodium Hydroxide based solvent system,N,N-Dimethylacetamide/Lithium Chloride System,N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide(NMMO)system,ionic liquids(ILs)system,and deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.Then,the functional modification techniques of cellulose are introduced,including nano-modification,small molecule modification,and macromolecular modification.Finally,the potential applications of cellulose in the fields of reinforcement materials,self-healing materials,radioactive cooling,nanogenerators,and biomedicine were discussed.At the end of this paper,the challenges and future development direction of cellulose materials are prospectively analyzed,aiming at providing guidance and inspiration for the research and application in related fields.
基金Supported by the Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (NO.309018)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.70973104,NO.11171304)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.Y6110023)
文摘This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the problem is equivalent to a parabolic double obstacle problem involving two free boundaries that correspond to the optimal buying and selling policies. Numerical examples are obtained by the binomial method.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea-Grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)-NRF-2020R1AB5B02002478.
文摘In mobile edge computing(MEC),one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server(MES)should be allocated to which user equipment(UE).The existing resource allocation schemes only consider CPU as the requested resource and assume utility for MESs as either a random variable or dependent on the requested CPU only.This paper presents a novel comprehensive utility function for resource allocation in MEC.The utility function considers the heterogeneous nature of applications that a UE offloads to MES.The proposed utility function considers all important parameters,including CPU,RAM,hard disk space,required time,and distance,to calculate a more realistic utility value for MESs.Moreover,we improve upon some general algorithms,used for resource allocation in MEC and cloud computing,by considering our proposed utility function.We name the improved versions of these resource allocation schemes as comprehensive resource allocation schemes.The UE requests are modeled to represent the amount of resources requested by the UE as well as the time for which the UE has requested these resources.The utility function depends upon the UE requests and the distance between UEs and MES,and serves as a realistic means of comparison between different types of UE requests.Choosing(or selecting)an optimal MES with the optimal amount of resources to be allocated to each UE request is a challenging task.We show that MES resource allocation is sub-optimal if CPU is the only resource considered.By taking into account the other resources,i.e.,RAM,disk space,request time,and distance in the utility function,we demonstrate improvement in the resource allocation algorithms in terms of service rate,utility,and MES energy consumption.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the US Depart-ment of Commerce,National Institute of Standards and Technology un-der the Financial Assistance Award Number#70NANB19H058.
文摘Experience from past earthquakes has demonstrated the need to account for design goals beyond safety,known as functional recovery objectives,in the interest of community resilience.Frameworks have been proposed in the literature to assess the post-earthquake functional recovery of a building,but without accounting for utility systems’disruption,which may be a key contributor to determining when a building is functional.This paper integrates a previously proposed probabilistic method for estimating the post-earthquake restoration of critical utility services with an individual building’s functional recovery assessment framework.The integration was performed by incorporating utilities into the building system fault trees embedded into a functional recovery framework for various building occupancies(residential and commercial office buildings).Once incorporated,the results are used to interrogate the functional recovery of a reinforced concrete building,and the recovery time results were presented for seven cases investigating contributing factors in the functional recovery results including the number of crews available for lifeline restoration,the effect of low-quality service on meeting tenant requirements for elevators,heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC),plumbing and electrical systems,consideration of fire watch,the effect of building seismic retrofit,as well as different cases of fragility functions for the lifeline systems.Results showed that utility systems’disruption does not have a significant impact on the recoccupancy of a building because only one utility-dependent building system(fire suppression)is needed for the building’s safety.Unlike reoccupancy,utility systems are significant for functional recovery,mainly at moderate hazard levels because,at these levels,lifeline networks could be damaged without significant building damage,such that the lifeline systems restoration governs.Buildings with more restrictive tenant requirements are more sensitive to tenant disruptions.
基金This review was financially supported by the Key Projects of the National Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0400204).
文摘Edible fungi are large fungi with high added value that can be utilized as resources.They are rich in high-quality protein,carbohydrate,various vitamins,mineral elements and other nutrients,and are characterized by high protein,low sugar,low fat and low cholesterol.In addition,edible fungi contain a variety of bioactive substances,such as polysaccharides,dietary fiber,steroids,polyphenols,and most of these compounds have antioxidant,anti-tumor and other physiological functions.This review comprehensively discusses the bioactive components and functional characteristics of edible fungi(such as antioxidant,anti-aging,hypolipidemic activities,etc.).Then the recent developments and prospect in the high-valued utilization of edible fungi are discussed and summarized.The objective of this review is to improve the understanding of health-promoting properties of edible fungi,and provide reference for the industrial production of edible fungi-based health products.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.
文摘Information has two aspects. One aspect is the objective one; another aspect is the subjective one. Shannon has discussed the objective aspect of information in information theory. But the subjective aspect of information has not been fully discussed. Someone use “Bayesian approaches” to evaluate the value of information. But in some cases it does not meet the information user＇s need. This paper is focus on the subjective aspect of objectively measurable information and gives formal definitions for information, information utility, and marginal information utility, normalized calculation of information utility. The information discussed in the paper has interdisciplinary nature. This work can be the foundation of many application areas.
文摘In this paper, the theory of stochastic differential utility is studied. Sufficient conditions for existence, uniqueness, continuity, monotonicity, time consistency, risk aversion and concavity are gived under non-Lipschtz assumptions.
基金Sponsored by the Self-Determined Research Funds of Huazhong Normal University from the Colleges’Basic Research and Operation of MOE
文摘The combination of orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) with relaying techniques provides plentiful opportunities for high-performance and cost-effective networks.It requires intelligent radio resource management schemes to harness these opportunities.This paper investigates the utility-based resource allocation problem in a real-time and non-real-time traffics mixed OFDMA cellular relay network to exploit the potentiality of relay.In order to apply utility theory to obtain an efficient tradeoff between throughput and fairness as well as satisfy the delay requirements of real-time traffics,a joint routing and scheduling scheme is proposed to resolve the resource allocation problem.Additionally,a low-complexity iterative algorithm is introduced to realize the scheme.The numerical results indicate that besides meeting the delay requirements of real-time traffic,the scheme can achieve the tradeoff between throughput and fairness effectively.
文摘Satisficing control remains an important concept in decision making. In this paper, a new epistemic utility satisficing control theory is proposed for a new model of complex CMMO （ constrained multi-objective multi degree-of-freedom optimization） system. As well, an epistemic utility function is developed and used to adjust the feasible region of soft constraints. The theory proved in this paper indicates that the utility function not only expresses the subjectivity of the original satisfactory-degree function, but also takes the cost of searching for a solution into account. Thus, the satisfactory-degree function can be adjusted and its rationality can be validated. This theory contributes an analytical method to the inverse satisfactory optimization problem. The findings indicate that this theory has good convergence and outcomes desired for satisfactory-degree functions.
文摘This paper proposes a joint layer scheme for fair downlink data scheduling in muhiuser OFDM wireless networks. Based on the optimization model formulated as the maximization of total utility function with respect to the mean waiting time of user queue, we present an algorithm with low complexity for dynamic subcarrier allocation （DSA）. The decision for subcarrier allocation was made according to delay utility function obtained by the algorithm that instantaneously estimated both channel condition and queue length using an exponentially weighted low-pass time window and pilot signals resPectively. The complexity of algorithm was reduced by varying the length of the time window to make use of time diversity, which provided higher throughput ratio. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional approach, the proposed scheme achieves better performance and can significantly improve fairness among users, with very limited delay performance degradation by using a decreasing concave utility function when the traffic load increases.
文摘Compared with ordinary commercial products, housing has many special characteristics including the multi-function characteristic. How to evaluate the multi-functional nature of housing is very useful in both theory and in application, yet it is often ignored in China. This paper introduces an approach to estimate the multicriteria function of housing using multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) based on consumers’ ordinal multicriteria preferences as determined via questionnaires. When compared with the classic framework in which MAUT is applied, this approach needs less prior information and subjective comparisons and thus can allay many of the operational difficulties involved in assessment. Some potential applications to the China housing market are also discussed.
文摘The likelihood function plays a central role in statistical analysis in relation to information, from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives. In large samples several new properties of the likelihood in relation to information are developed here. The Arrow-Pratt absolute risk aversion measure is shown to be related to the Cramer-Rao Information bound. The derivative of the log-likelihood function is seen to provide a measure of information related stability for the Bayesian posterior density. As well, information similar prior densities can be defined reflecting the central role of likelihood in the Bayes learning paradigm.
文摘The education level of entrepreneurs plays an important role in the decision-making process of loan financing. In this paper, the research method of optimization theory is used to study the problem of the education level and maximizing utility of entrepreneurs, and the optimal analytic solution is obtained. On this basis, the influence of the change of bank loan interest rate, the marginal effect of entrepreneur’s effort, the marginal effect of entrepreneur’s investment, the elastic coefficient of entrepreneur’s effort and the elastic coefficient of entrepreneur’s investment on the optimal solution of entrepreneur’s effort and investment amount is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.61393010101-1)the Defense-related Science & Technology Pre-Research Project of Shipbuilding Institute(No.10J3.1.6)
文摘Two utility-optimization dynamic subcarrier allocation(DSA) algorithms are designed for single carrier frequency division multiple access system(SC-FDMA).The two proposed algorithms aim to support diverse transmission capacity requirements in wireless networks,which consider both the channel state information(CSI) and the capacity requirements of each user by setting appropriate utility functions.Simulation results show that with considerable lower computational complexity,the first utility-optimization algorithm can meet the system capacity requirements of each user effectively.However,the rate-sum capacity performance is poor.Furthermore,the second proposed utility-optimization algorithm can contribute a better trade-off between system rate-sum capacity requirement and the capacity requirements of each user by introducing the signal to noise ratio(SNR) information to the utility function based on the first utility-optimization algorithm,which can improve the user requirements processing capability as well as achieve a better sum-rate capacity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.79870034).
文摘Expected utility theory of Von Neumann-Morgenstern assumes that a preference order is defined for all lotteries (c1, p; c2, 1 -p) (of with probability p, c2 with probability 1 - p) for all real p, 0≤p≤1. But when the probability p is irrational, it is hard to interpret the lottery intuitively. The utility theory of J. C. Shepherdson is introduced based on rational probabilities in this paper. And then, this paper studies the axioms proposed by J. C. Shepherdson, and puts forward a set of alternative axioms. At last, it is shown that both sets of axioms are equivalent.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42201269,No.42401316Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20241666+3 种基金Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China,No.22YJC630087Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.24EYB004Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Natural Resources,No.2023CZEPK07Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2024QN11056。
文摘Existing studies have mostly focused on sustainable intensification(SI)in agricultural systems,while neglecting the integrated analysis of SI for the land space utilization system(LSUS).This has resulted in a lack of systematic solutions in balancing sustainable resource utilization and environmental protection.This study reviewed SI's conceptual framework and evaluation,identified the gaps,and proposed an analytical framework of SI with clear logic and modeling processes for LSUS.Key findings include:(1)Resource competition and ecosystem pressures have highlighted the need to extend traditional agriculture-focused SI to LSUS and establish a clear quantitative evaluation framework for SI;(2)SI for LSUS refers to a system state in which a specific sub-system produces its dominant functions with resource savings,reduced environmental impact,efficient function output,and stable/enhanced function provision,while sub-systems evolve in a coordinated and orderly manner;(3)The assessment framework of SI for LSUS clarifies modeling processes,suggested indicators,methods and scale hierarchy system to help policymakers identify SI priorities across scales,informing strategies to balance agricultural,socioeconomic,and ecosystem goals.This study overcomes the limitations of traditional SI,providing crucial insights for tracking SI performance and identifying barriers in LSUS to enlighten the sustainable land use and management practices.
