The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicat...The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus.The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncertain due to the lack of ex-type cultures.Species limits of D.eres and closely related species were evaluated using molecular phylogenetic analysis of eight genes including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS),partial sequences of actin(ACT),DNA-lyase(Apn2),translation elongation factor 1-α(EF1-α),beta-tubulin(TUB),calmodulin(CAL),60s ribosomal protein L37(FG1093)and histone-3(HIS).The occurrence of sequence heterogeneity of ITS within D.eres is observed,which complicates the analysis and may lead to overestimation of the species diversity.The strict criteria of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)were applied to resolve species boundaries based on individual and combined analyses of other seven genes except the ITS.We accept nine distinct phylogenetic species including Diaporthe alleghaniensis,D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis,D.neilliae,D.pulla and D.vaccinii.Epitypes are designated for D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis and D.pulla.Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for these species.Newly designed primers are introduced to amplify and sequence the Apn2(DNA-lyase)gene in Diaporthe.Based on phylogenetic informativeness profiles,EF1-α,Apn2 and HIS genes are recognised as the best markers for defining species in the D.eres complex.展开更多
Ophiobolus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possible species,most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and North America.Ophiobolus species are polyphyletic and the type o...Ophiobolus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possible species,most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and North America.Ophiobolus species are polyphyletic and the type of Ophiobolus is not represented in GenBank.Therefore,an increased taxon sampling of ophiobolus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species,O.disseminans is reported.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU,TEF1-a and ITS sequence data position O.disseminans in a sister clade with O.ponticus and several Entodesmium species in Phaeosphaeriaceae with high support.Therefore,Entodesmium is synonymized under Ophiobolus.Premilcurensis with it type species,P.senecionis also clusters within the Ophiobolus clade and is synonymized under Ophiobolus.Ophiobolus rossicus sp.nov.is introduced and a reference specimen is designated for O.ponticus.Other ophiobolus-like taxa(Ophiobolus sensu lato)can be distinguished as three main groups,which are introduced as new genera.Ophiobolopsis is introduced to accommodate the new species,Ophiobolopsis italica.The new genus Paraophiobolus is introduced to accommodate P.arundinis sp.nov.and P.plantaginis comb.nov.This genus is characterized by hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores,some green-yellowish at maturity,with a swollen cell,terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part spores.Pseudoophiobolus gen.nov.is introduced to accommodate six new species and two new combinations,viz.Ps.achilleae,Ps.erythrosporus,Ps.galii,Ps.italicus,Ps.mathieui,Ps.rosae,Ps.subhyalinisporus and Ps.urticicola.Pseudoophiobolus is characterized by subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores,with a swollen cell,lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to Nodulosphaeria.An updated tree for Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is also provided.展开更多
Three new species of Hypoxylon(Xylariaceae)collected from Martinique in the French Caribbean are recognised by new combinations of morphological characters.Their status as undescribed taxa was supported by secondary m...Three new species of Hypoxylon(Xylariaceae)collected from Martinique in the French Caribbean are recognised by new combinations of morphological characters.Their status as undescribed taxa was supported by secondary metabolite profiling based on High performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC/DAD-MS)as well as by comparison of ITS and partialß-tubulin DNA sequences with related taxa.In the course of this study,the teleomorph of Nodulisporium griseobrunneum was found,and this species could be transferred to Hypoxylon.Moreover,several names in Hypoxylon are epitypified by selecting recently collected specimens from the same geographic areas as the holotypes came from.Despite the fact that our study used the hitherto most extensive taxon sampling,the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS andß-tubulin sequences remain contradictory to each other,and neither genealogy was found fully in agreement with phenotype-derived traits.We conclude that the right gene(or multi-gene genealogies)to reflect the phylogeny and evolution of Hypoxylon still remains to be found.For the time being,we recommend that the application of polyphasic taxonomic concepts should be continued in taxonomic studies of Hypoxylon.展开更多
文摘The genus Diaporthe comprises pathogenic,endophytic and saprobic species with both temperate and tropical distributions.Cryptic diversification,phenotypic plasticity and extensive host associations have long complicated accurate identifications of species in this genus.The delimitation of the generic type species Diaporthe eres has been uncertain due to the lack of ex-type cultures.Species limits of D.eres and closely related species were evaluated using molecular phylogenetic analysis of eight genes including nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS),partial sequences of actin(ACT),DNA-lyase(Apn2),translation elongation factor 1-α(EF1-α),beta-tubulin(TUB),calmodulin(CAL),60s ribosomal protein L37(FG1093)and histone-3(HIS).The occurrence of sequence heterogeneity of ITS within D.eres is observed,which complicates the analysis and may lead to overestimation of the species diversity.The strict criteria of Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition(GCPSR)were applied to resolve species boundaries based on individual and combined analyses of other seven genes except the ITS.We accept nine distinct phylogenetic species including Diaporthe alleghaniensis,D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis,D.neilliae,D.pulla and D.vaccinii.Epitypes are designated for D.alnea,D.bicincta,D.celastrina,D.eres,D.helicis and D.pulla.Modern descriptions and illustrations are provided for these species.Newly designed primers are introduced to amplify and sequence the Apn2(DNA-lyase)gene in Diaporthe.Based on phylogenetic informativeness profiles,EF1-α,Apn2 and HIS genes are recognised as the best markers for defining species in the D.eres complex.
基金Rungtiwa Phookamsak thanks to the CAS President’s International Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers(Project No.2017PB0072)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.Y71B283261)+2 种基金Chiang Mai University for financial support.Kevin D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund grant no RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project No.2013T2S0030for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Financial support by the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D.Jubilee-Industry program(RGJ)for a joint TRF-DAAD PPP(2012-2014)academic exchange grant to K.D.Hyde and M.Stadler.Peter E Mortimer thanks to the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project codes 41761144055 and 41771063Chayanard Phukhamsakda(PHD/0020/2557)acknowledges the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program under the Thailand Research Fund.Shi-ke Huang is particularly grateful to Dr.Qi Zhao for his support and great help.Qiu Ju Shang,Jun-Fu Li and Nimali I.de Silva and other colleagues from Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai,Thailand are thanked for their assistance in phylogenetic analyses.Shaun Pennycook is thanked for suggestion on fungal names.
文摘Ophiobolus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possible species,most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and North America.Ophiobolus species are polyphyletic and the type of Ophiobolus is not represented in GenBank.Therefore,an increased taxon sampling of ophiobolus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species,O.disseminans is reported.Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU,SSU,TEF1-a and ITS sequence data position O.disseminans in a sister clade with O.ponticus and several Entodesmium species in Phaeosphaeriaceae with high support.Therefore,Entodesmium is synonymized under Ophiobolus.Premilcurensis with it type species,P.senecionis also clusters within the Ophiobolus clade and is synonymized under Ophiobolus.Ophiobolus rossicus sp.nov.is introduced and a reference specimen is designated for O.ponticus.Other ophiobolus-like taxa(Ophiobolus sensu lato)can be distinguished as three main groups,which are introduced as new genera.Ophiobolopsis is introduced to accommodate the new species,Ophiobolopsis italica.The new genus Paraophiobolus is introduced to accommodate P.arundinis sp.nov.and P.plantaginis comb.nov.This genus is characterized by hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores,some green-yellowish at maturity,with a swollen cell,terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part spores.Pseudoophiobolus gen.nov.is introduced to accommodate six new species and two new combinations,viz.Ps.achilleae,Ps.erythrosporus,Ps.galii,Ps.italicus,Ps.mathieui,Ps.rosae,Ps.subhyalinisporus and Ps.urticicola.Pseudoophiobolus is characterized by subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores,with a swollen cell,lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to Nodulosphaeria.An updated tree for Phaeosphaeriaceae based on multigene analysis is also provided.
文摘Three new species of Hypoxylon(Xylariaceae)collected from Martinique in the French Caribbean are recognised by new combinations of morphological characters.Their status as undescribed taxa was supported by secondary metabolite profiling based on High performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC/DAD-MS)as well as by comparison of ITS and partialß-tubulin DNA sequences with related taxa.In the course of this study,the teleomorph of Nodulisporium griseobrunneum was found,and this species could be transferred to Hypoxylon.Moreover,several names in Hypoxylon are epitypified by selecting recently collected specimens from the same geographic areas as the holotypes came from.Despite the fact that our study used the hitherto most extensive taxon sampling,the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS andß-tubulin sequences remain contradictory to each other,and neither genealogy was found fully in agreement with phenotype-derived traits.We conclude that the right gene(or multi-gene genealogies)to reflect the phylogeny and evolution of Hypoxylon still remains to be found.For the time being,we recommend that the application of polyphasic taxonomic concepts should be continued in taxonomic studies of Hypoxylon.
