Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly appr...Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for the production of terpenoids.However,the natural enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids have problems such as low activity,poor specificity,and insufficient stability,which limit the biosynthesis efficiency.Enzyme engineering plays a pivotal role in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.By modifying the structures and functions of key enzymes,researchers have significantly improved the catalytic activity,specificity,and stability of enzymes related to terpenoid synthesis,providing strong support for the sustainable production of terpenoids.This article reviews the strategies for the modification of key enzymes in microbial synthesis of terpenoids,including improving enzyme activity and stability,changing specificity,and promoting mass transfer through multi-enzyme collaboration.Additionally,this article looks forward to the challenges and development directions of enzyme engineering in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.展开更多
Green thinking looks to develop alternatives with higher environmental advantage that traditional materials or processes. The present experimental studies are directed to investigation of dyeing the linen fabric prepa...Green thinking looks to develop alternatives with higher environmental advantage that traditional materials or processes. The present experimental studies are directed to investigation of dyeing the linen fabric prepared with modification with enzymes. In the research, 1% and 2% solution of cellulase enzyme Beizym ENC-SB （garment auxiliary of enzymes mixture of CHT R. BEITLICH GmbH/BEZEMA AG） and pectinase Beisol PRO （enzymes mixture for cleaning cellulose fibers of CHT R. BE1TLICH GmbH） enzyme solutions were used. The main objective of this work is focus on results studies of enzyme influence on dyeing of flax fabric with direct Solphenyl dye triade Blue FGLE （economical, fairly good light fast blue, main trichromatic component for medium shades with high wash fastness）, Scarlet BNLE （economical scarlet, main trichromatic component for medium to dark shades） 200%, and Yellow GLE （very bright neutral yellow, main trichromatic component for high wash fastness requirements）. The dye-bath exhaustion, color fastness to rubbing and washing were estimated. The color parameters before and after tests were calculated.展开更多
Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1）in brain function：Ubiquitin is used by a variety of cellular systems to tag proteins for transport to various organelles.There are a number of enzymes in the ubiquiti...Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1）in brain function：Ubiquitin is used by a variety of cellular systems to tag proteins for transport to various organelles.There are a number of enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway（UPP）that tag abnormally folded proteins with ubiquitin for transport to the proteasome for degradation.展开更多
This study explores the effect of ultrasound-assisted cellulase(UE)processing on the structure,functional performance,and prebiotic properties of guava insoluble dietary fiber(RIDF).As the ultrasound exposure time inc...This study explores the effect of ultrasound-assisted cellulase(UE)processing on the structure,functional performance,and prebiotic properties of guava insoluble dietary fiber(RIDF).As the ultrasound exposure time increased(0-40 min),the particle size(from 126.3μm to 38.7μm)and crystallinity(from 30.72%to 14.42%)of RIDF significantly decreased,while its soluble carbohydrate content(from 1.40%to 6.17%)and water solubility(from 8.6%to 16.4%)notably increased.These crucial changes suggested the degradation and disorganization of RIDF.Meanwhile,UE-RIDF(modified RIDF)demonstrated a honeycomb network microstructure with a larger surface area,indicating distinct structural and morphological properties compared to RIDF.Consequently,UE-RIDF showed stronger retention/adsorption capacity and improved in vitro prebiotic activity.Interestingly,UE treatment increased RIDF fermentability,leading to additional shifts in its modulation of human fecal microbiota,including a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Phascolarctobacterium.Furthermore,compared to pure cow/goat yogurt,yogurt fermented with UE-RIDF displayed a lower pH,better stability,and improved texture and rheological properties during a 21-day refrigeration period.These findings highlight the potential application of RIDF as a novel prebiotic active ingredient in fermented foods for the first time,underscoring the critical role of UE treatment in enhancing its performance.展开更多
In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequ...In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequently, we look here for the sequences 1) composing human and mouse proteins different from antigen receptors, 2) identical with or highly similar to nucleotide sequence representatives of conserved variable immunoglobulin segments and 3) identical with or closely related to phosphorylation sites. More precisely, we searched for the corresponding actual pairs of DNA and protein sequence segments using five-step bilingual approach employing among others a) different types of BLAST searches, b) two in-principle-different machine-learning methods predicting phosphorylated sites and c) two large databases recording existing phosphorylation sites. The approach identified seven existing phosphorylation sites and thirty-seven related human and mouse segments achieving limits for several predictions or phylogenic parameters. Mostly serines phosporylated with ataxia-telangiectasia-related kinase (involved in regulation of DNA-double-strand-break repair) were indicated or predicted in this study. Hypermutation motifs, located in effective positions of the selected sequence segments, occurred significantly less frequently in transcribed than non-transcribed DNA strands suggesting thus the incidence of mutation events. In addition, marked differences between the numbers and proportions of human and mouse cancer-related sequence items were found in different steps of selection process. The possible role of hypermutation changes within the selected segments and the observed structural relationships are discussed here with respect to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, cancer vaccination, ageing and evolution. Taken together, our data represent additional and sometimes perhaps complementary information to the existing databases of empirically proven phosphorylation sites or pathogenically important spots.展开更多
This study compares the effect of transglutaminase(TG)and laccase(LAC)on the structure and texture of pea protein isolate(PPI)produced by high-moisture extrusion.While high-moisture extrusion is widely used to produce...This study compares the effect of transglutaminase(TG)and laccase(LAC)on the structure and texture of pea protein isolate(PPI)produced by high-moisture extrusion.While high-moisture extrusion is widely used to produce plant-based meat analogues,limited protein cross-linking often leads to weak fibrous structure and poor chewiness.Here,TG and LAC were incorporated during extrusion to investigate their influence on protein structure and textural properties.TG markedly enhanced the textural properties with hardness increasing to 13.53 kg at 0.8%TG,essentially matching the level observed in bovine semitendinosus,and tensile strength rising from 0.39 kg in the control to 1.51 kg.In contrast,LAC led to a gradual decline in hardness at higher concentrations,reaching 6.12 kg at 0.8%,and its tensile-enhancing effect peaked at 0.2%,reached 0.92 kg.Both enzymes promoted protein rearrangement and cross-linking along the extrusion direction,transformingβ-turn and random coil structures into β-sheet and α-helix conformations.TG also induced hydrophobic aggregation,and LAC increased intrinsic fluorescence.The extrudates were benchmarked against real meat samples(chicken,pork,beef)for practical relevance.The results demonstrated that enzymatic cross-linking during extrusion can effectively improve the structure and texture of plant-based meat analogues,offering a practical approach for product development.展开更多
文摘Terpenoids,known for their structural and functional diversity,are highly valued,especially in food,cosmetics,and cleaning products.Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for the production of terpenoids.However,the natural enzymes involved in the synthesis of terpenoids have problems such as low activity,poor specificity,and insufficient stability,which limit the biosynthesis efficiency.Enzyme engineering plays a pivotal role in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.By modifying the structures and functions of key enzymes,researchers have significantly improved the catalytic activity,specificity,and stability of enzymes related to terpenoid synthesis,providing strong support for the sustainable production of terpenoids.This article reviews the strategies for the modification of key enzymes in microbial synthesis of terpenoids,including improving enzyme activity and stability,changing specificity,and promoting mass transfer through multi-enzyme collaboration.Additionally,this article looks forward to the challenges and development directions of enzyme engineering in the microbial synthesis of terpenoids.
文摘Green thinking looks to develop alternatives with higher environmental advantage that traditional materials or processes. The present experimental studies are directed to investigation of dyeing the linen fabric prepared with modification with enzymes. In the research, 1% and 2% solution of cellulase enzyme Beizym ENC-SB （garment auxiliary of enzymes mixture of CHT R. BEITLICH GmbH/BEZEMA AG） and pectinase Beisol PRO （enzymes mixture for cleaning cellulose fibers of CHT R. BE1TLICH GmbH） enzyme solutions were used. The main objective of this work is focus on results studies of enzyme influence on dyeing of flax fabric with direct Solphenyl dye triade Blue FGLE （economical, fairly good light fast blue, main trichromatic component for medium shades with high wash fastness）, Scarlet BNLE （economical scarlet, main trichromatic component for medium to dark shades） 200%, and Yellow GLE （very bright neutral yellow, main trichromatic component for high wash fastness requirements）. The dye-bath exhaustion, color fastness to rubbing and washing were estimated. The color parameters before and after tests were calculated.
文摘Role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1（UCHL1）in brain function：Ubiquitin is used by a variety of cellular systems to tag proteins for transport to various organelles.There are a number of enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway（UPP）that tag abnormally folded proteins with ubiquitin for transport to the proteasome for degradation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32301996)the Doctoral start-up fund of Hubei University of Technology(XJ2021000401)The authors would also like to thank Qirun Zhou from Shiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for the TG analysis.
文摘This study explores the effect of ultrasound-assisted cellulase(UE)processing on the structure,functional performance,and prebiotic properties of guava insoluble dietary fiber(RIDF).As the ultrasound exposure time increased(0-40 min),the particle size(from 126.3μm to 38.7μm)and crystallinity(from 30.72%to 14.42%)of RIDF significantly decreased,while its soluble carbohydrate content(from 1.40%to 6.17%)and water solubility(from 8.6%to 16.4%)notably increased.These crucial changes suggested the degradation and disorganization of RIDF.Meanwhile,UE-RIDF(modified RIDF)demonstrated a honeycomb network microstructure with a larger surface area,indicating distinct structural and morphological properties compared to RIDF.Consequently,UE-RIDF showed stronger retention/adsorption capacity and improved in vitro prebiotic activity.Interestingly,UE treatment increased RIDF fermentability,leading to additional shifts in its modulation of human fecal microbiota,including a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Phascolarctobacterium.Furthermore,compared to pure cow/goat yogurt,yogurt fermented with UE-RIDF displayed a lower pH,better stability,and improved texture and rheological properties during a 21-day refrigeration period.These findings highlight the potential application of RIDF as a novel prebiotic active ingredient in fermented foods for the first time,underscoring the critical role of UE treatment in enhancing its performance.
文摘In accordance with previous reports, the sequences related to phosporylated protein segments occur in conserved variable domains of immunoglobulins including first of all certain N-terminally located segments. Consequently, we look here for the sequences 1) composing human and mouse proteins different from antigen receptors, 2) identical with or highly similar to nucleotide sequence representatives of conserved variable immunoglobulin segments and 3) identical with or closely related to phosphorylation sites. More precisely, we searched for the corresponding actual pairs of DNA and protein sequence segments using five-step bilingual approach employing among others a) different types of BLAST searches, b) two in-principle-different machine-learning methods predicting phosphorylated sites and c) two large databases recording existing phosphorylation sites. The approach identified seven existing phosphorylation sites and thirty-seven related human and mouse segments achieving limits for several predictions or phylogenic parameters. Mostly serines phosporylated with ataxia-telangiectasia-related kinase (involved in regulation of DNA-double-strand-break repair) were indicated or predicted in this study. Hypermutation motifs, located in effective positions of the selected sequence segments, occurred significantly less frequently in transcribed than non-transcribed DNA strands suggesting thus the incidence of mutation events. In addition, marked differences between the numbers and proportions of human and mouse cancer-related sequence items were found in different steps of selection process. The possible role of hypermutation changes within the selected segments and the observed structural relationships are discussed here with respect to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, cancer vaccination, ageing and evolution. Taken together, our data represent additional and sometimes perhaps complementary information to the existing databases of empirically proven phosphorylation sites or pathogenically important spots.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2023YFD2100800)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6242027)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program by CAAS(ASTIP-Y2025QC30)the YOUNG ELITE SCIENTIST SPONSORSHIP PROGRAM BY CAST(2022QNRC001).
文摘This study compares the effect of transglutaminase(TG)and laccase(LAC)on the structure and texture of pea protein isolate(PPI)produced by high-moisture extrusion.While high-moisture extrusion is widely used to produce plant-based meat analogues,limited protein cross-linking often leads to weak fibrous structure and poor chewiness.Here,TG and LAC were incorporated during extrusion to investigate their influence on protein structure and textural properties.TG markedly enhanced the textural properties with hardness increasing to 13.53 kg at 0.8%TG,essentially matching the level observed in bovine semitendinosus,and tensile strength rising from 0.39 kg in the control to 1.51 kg.In contrast,LAC led to a gradual decline in hardness at higher concentrations,reaching 6.12 kg at 0.8%,and its tensile-enhancing effect peaked at 0.2%,reached 0.92 kg.Both enzymes promoted protein rearrangement and cross-linking along the extrusion direction,transformingβ-turn and random coil structures into β-sheet and α-helix conformations.TG also induced hydrophobic aggregation,and LAC increased intrinsic fluorescence.The extrudates were benchmarked against real meat samples(chicken,pork,beef)for practical relevance.The results demonstrated that enzymatic cross-linking during extrusion can effectively improve the structure and texture of plant-based meat analogues,offering a practical approach for product development.
