The purpose of this study lies in exploring the role of materiality in environmental information disclosures under the securities laws of the United States and China,discussing the differences in the regulatory mechan...The purpose of this study lies in exploring the role of materiality in environmental information disclosures under the securities laws of the United States and China,discussing the differences in the regulatory mechanism,limits of enforcement,and challenges of seeking global harmonization.The paper does a comparative legal analysis of statutory provisions,judicial interpretations,and regulatory frameworks of the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)and the China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC).Furthermore,it provides frameworks of global sustainability reporting such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures(TCFD)and the Global Reporting Initiative(GRI).The findings show that U.S.securities law uses a financial materiality standard with respect to what companies must disclose to investors.On the other hand,China’s regulatory approach has a double materiality in considering not only financial impacts but also wider environmental and social factors.Although there are these distinctions,both of these jurisdictions face issues of common obstruction such as ambiguities in materiality determination,inconsistent enforcement,and fear of greenwashing.This paper asserts that the U.S.and China regulatory frameworks need to converge more to promote greater corporate transparency and ESG disclosures.Regulators can even align disclosure practices with internationally recognized standards of work to add confidence for investors,fight off misleading sustainability claims and ensure accountable reporting in pertinent environments.The study concludes that the green challenges of global markets can only be tackled by regulating cooperative actions and using standardized reporting guidelines.展开更多
China＇s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country＇s information policy history and is praised as a ＂sunshine program＂. The Environmental Information Disclosure...China＇s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country＇s information policy history and is praised as a ＂sunshine program＂. The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectorai information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took effect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still fails short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.展开更多
Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angul...Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angular distribution of element contents in tree rings and the environmental information. The chemical composition and properties of soils are very much complicated, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of the element contents in tree rings. The statistical multi-variable regression method was used to got the information of the tree-centered distribution of element contents in the environment (soil) (C’), C’(z, θj ), from the distribution of element contents in tree rings (C), C(Z, θi), which depends on the plane azimuth angle (θi), i. e., C=C(Z,θi), where Z is the atomic number of the element, with a satisfactory result,though this study is only a primary one.展开更多
This study aims to identify the current situation and problems of environmental information statement for major four home appliances （refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and television receivers） sold ...This study aims to identify the current situation and problems of environmental information statement for major four home appliances （refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and television receivers） sold at online stores in Japan, and then to suggest how to improve the situation, through a questionnaire survey conducted among businesses that operate online stores and online malls with multiple online stores. The findings of this study are summarized into the following two points： （l） It is found out that environmental information statement for the home appliances at online stores has four problems： （i） less information on ＂three Rs （reduce, reuse and recycle）＂ and ＂chemical substances＂ than the one on ＂energy conservation＂; （ii） cost for providing environmental information statement; （iii） issues associated with a label and mark placement; （iv） issues associated with energy conservation statement. （2） Improvements are suggested for each of the four problems listed above, and shown are （i） the effectiveness of, and need to promote, a label and mark placement; （ii） cost burden on buyers; （iii） need of active efforts made by businesses and of dissemination of legal regulations to businesses.展开更多
In Brazil, environmental accounting is inserted in a set of emerging matters, which are arousing great interest among researchers. One of the important points regarding the environmental issue is how to develop tools ...In Brazil, environmental accounting is inserted in a set of emerging matters, which are arousing great interest among researchers. One of the important points regarding the environmental issue is how to develop tools in order to analyze and manage the natural resources in a balanced way. However, in the literature there are no studies that made use of a knowledge-based approach to implement environmental accounting in organizations. This work aims to examine how environmental accounting can contribute to the knowledge creation in organizations. It held an exploratory, descriptive study and a research-action. The methodological procedures held were： literature review and development of a research-action in a forest enterprise between October 2008 and January 2011. During the interviews, the creation and change of routines and activities was pointed out, such as classification of expenditures schedules, creation of new accounts and new knowledge which help the planning and decision-making process in the organization. This work has an original character due to the practical application within an organization, in which there is a longitudinal follow up for a period of two years and three months, showing the results obtained through interviews with people involved in this process of implementing environmental accounting.展开更多
As an innovation in the environmental governance system that breaks the traditional hierarchical structure,environmental protection supervision has not only played a significant role in protecting tangible environment...As an innovation in the environmental governance system that breaks the traditional hierarchical structure,environmental protection supervision has not only played a significant role in protecting tangible environmental rights but also expanded the basic scope of the right to environmental information—part of procedural environmental rights.In the supervision of environmental protection,the objects of the right to environmental information and the subjects of the obligation to provide environmental information have been both expanded,with the focus shifting from government information to Party information and from administrative organs to Party organs.This vividly demonstrates the Communist Party of China’s concrete efforts to protect human rights in the field of the endeavor to build an ecological civilization.At present,the realization of the right to environmental information in environmental protection supervision still faces problems such as insufficient standards and norms,disordered practice and operation,and lack of liability guarantee.In this context,based on renewing relevant subjects’cognition of the right to know in environmental protection supervision,we should further improve and specify the rule for disclosing information about environmental protection supervision,rationally distribute the obligations for information disclosure in environmental protection supervision,and clarify the accountability rules for violating relevant requirements for information disclosure,so as to promote the overall development of the environmental protection supervision system while guaranteeing the realization of the right to environmental information.展开更多
Channels are one of the five critical components of a communication system,and their ergodic capacity is based on all realizations of a statistical channel model.This statistical paradigm has successfully guided the d...Channels are one of the five critical components of a communication system,and their ergodic capacity is based on all realizations of a statistical channel model.This statistical paradigm has successfully guided the design of mobile communication systems from first generation(1G)to fifth generation(5G).However,this approach relies on offline channel measurements in specific environments,and thus,the system passively adapts to new environments,resulting in deviation from the optimal performance.As sixth generation(6G)expands into ubiquitous environments and pursues higher capacity,numerous sensing and artificial intelligence(AI)-based methods have emerged to combat random channel fading.However,there remains an urgent need for a proactive and online system design paradigm.From a system perspective,we propose an environment intelligence communication(EIC)based on wireless environmental information theory(WEIT)for 6G.The proposed EIC architecture operates in three steps.First,wireless environmental information(WEI)is acquired using sensing techniques.Then,leveraging WEI and channel data,AI techniques are employed to predict channel fading,thereby mitigating channel uncertainty.Finally,the communication system autonomously determines the optimal air-interface transmission strategy based on real-time channel predictions,enabling intelligent interaction with the physical environment.To make this attractive paradigm shift from theory to practice,we establish WEIT for the first time by answering three key problems:How should WEI be defined?Can it be quantified?Does it hold the same properties as statistical communication information?Subsequently,EIC aided by WEI(EIC-WEI)is validated across multiple air-interface tasks,including channel state information prediction,beam prediction,and radio resource management.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EIC-WEI significantly outperforms the statistical paradigm in decreasing overhead and performance optimization.Finally,several open problems and challenges,including regarding its accuracy,complexity,and generalization,are discussed.This work explores a novel and promising way for integrating communication,sensing,and AI capability in 6G.展开更多
The Open Government Information Regulation is the fundamental guarantee of the right to know for Chinese citizens.In particular,the opening windows for Disclosure on Request(DOR)attempts to initiate direct dialogue be...The Open Government Information Regulation is the fundamental guarantee of the right to know for Chinese citizens.In particular,the opening windows for Disclosure on Request(DOR)attempts to initiate direct dialogue between the public and administrative departments.The annual reports on Government Environmental Information Disclosure(GEID)show the gradually strengthening relationship between the public and the government in environmental governance.However,the results of DOR and the difficulties encountered in the application process are still unclear.We analyzed the challenges the public faces when using programmatic methods like DOR to request the disclosure of environmental information that is not proactively made public.We further revealed the causes behind the responses of administrative departments and reinforced calls for policy design concerning the efficiency of DOR in the environmental and other public sectors.展开更多
Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthr...Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the reduction or the reemergence of vector-borne diseases.Analyses resulting from the combination of geographical information systems(GIS)and remote sensing have improved knowledge of climatic,environmental,and biodiversity factors influencing vector-borne diseases(VBDs)such as malaria,visceral leishmaniasis,dengue,Rift Valley fever,schistosomiasis,Chagas disease and leptospirosis.These knowledge and products developed using remotely sensed data helped and continue to help decision makers to better allocate limited resources in the fight against VBDs.Main body:Because VBDs are linked to climate and environment,we present here our experience during the last four years working with the projects under the,World Health Organization(WHO)/The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)-International Development Research Centre(IDRC)Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change to integrate climate and environmental information into research and decision-making processes.The following sections present the methodology we have developed,which uses remote sensing to monitor climate variability,environmental conditions,and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases.We then show how remotely sensed data can be accessed and evaluated and how they can be integrated into research and decision-making processes for mapping risks,and creating Early Warning Systems,using two examples from the WHO TDR projects based on schistosomiasis analysis in South Africa and Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania.Conclusions:The tools presented in this article have been successfully used by the projects under the WHO/TDRIDRC Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change.Combined with capacity building,they are an important piece of work which can significantly contribute to the goals of WHO Global Vector Control Response and to the Sustainable Development Goals especially those on health and climate action.展开更多
This study focuses on the influence of Chief Executive Officer(CEO)characteristics on environmental information disclosure(EID)in the annual reports of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.A regression a...This study focuses on the influence of Chief Executive Officer(CEO)characteristics on environmental information disclosure(EID)in the annual reports of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.A regression analysis method is used to explore the relationship between CEO characteristics and corporate environmental disclosure.Pollution-intensive companies are taken as the samples in this study.Results show that financial expertise,educational level,and tenure of CEOs are positively correlated with corporate EID.By contrast,age or gender of CEOs is insignificantly related to EID.展开更多
The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up info...The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up information are important conditions, China＇s encounter with revolutionary Information and Communication Technological （ICT） advancement and rapidly emerging big data quickly changed China from an ＂information poor environment＂ to an ＂information complex environment.＂ While most previous studies centered on those drives/constraints that were recognized in established informational governance framework, recent advancement in ICTs and emerging big data posed new challenges, opportunities and research questions. When increasing information disclosure became a new game changer in environmental governance, China has had to cope with risks and pitfalls in a new technology-empowered information environment as well. This article updated previous studies on legislation/ regulations/policies regarding environmental information disclosure in China and their implementation effectiveness, and paid special attention to China＇s recent informatization progress and emerging big data. Information disclosure was treated as a process that includes data/information generation/collection, disclosure, functional pathways of communication, and direct/indirect impacts. Changes in environmental information disclosure should be understood in a broader context of overall changing environmental governance and informatization in China. It is important to understand ICTs and information disclosure as a double-edged sword. Normative, substantive, and instrumental benefits of disclosure as well as collection and reporting costs, the issue of targeted transparency, and the risk of unintended use should be strategically considered. Principles and guidelines need to be developed to avoid pitfalls while maximizing benefits.展开更多
The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management,e.g.forest and agroecosystem management,biodiversity conservation,or hydrological planning,started in the 1980s and was the focus of ma...The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management,e.g.forest and agroecosystem management,biodiversity conservation,or hydrological planning,started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s.The combined availability of spatial data and communication,computing,positioning,geographic information system(GIS)-and remote sensing(RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s.The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources,and therefore ecosystems in general,requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database.Spatial data on topography,soil,climate,land use,hydrology,flora,fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available.Therefore,GIS-and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis.In this context,the structure of spatial environmental information systems(SEIS)is introduced.In SEIS,the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven subinformation systems:base geodata information system(BGDIS),climate information system(CIS),soil information system(SIS),land use information system(LUIS),hydrological information system(HIS),spatial/temporal biodiversity information system(STBIS),forest/agricultural management information system(FAMIS).The major tasks of a SEIS are to(i)provide environmental resource information on a regional level,(ii)analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and(iii)simulate scenarios of different impacts.展开更多
Air environmental information plays an important role during plant growth and reproduction, prompt and accurate prediction of atmospheric environmental data is helpful for agricultural robots to make a timely decision...Air environmental information plays an important role during plant growth and reproduction, prompt and accurate prediction of atmospheric environmental data is helpful for agricultural robots to make a timely decision. For efficiency, an online learning method for predicting air environmental information was presented in this work. This method combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and experience replay technique: CNN is used to extract features from raw data and predict atmospheric environmental information, experience replay technique can store environmental data over some time and update the hyperparameters of CNN. To validate the effects of this method, this online method was compared with three different predictive methods (including random forest, multi-layer perceptron, and support vector regression) using a public dataset (Jena). According to results, a suitable sample sequence size (e.g., 16) has a smaller number of training sessions and stable results, a larger replay memory size (e.g., 200) can provide enough samples to capture useful features, and 6 d of historical information is the best setting for training predictor. Compared with traditional methods, the method proposed in this study is the only method applied for various conditions.展开更多
Making market operators responsible for having and giving access to information about their impact on the environment is an important part of changing the way the economy operates in relation to environmental sustaina...Making market operators responsible for having and giving access to information about their impact on the environment is an important part of changing the way the economy operates in relation to environmental sustainability. To this end, the Norwegian access to environmental information act has established a right for the public to access to environmental information from private entities such as business enterprises. In this point, the Norwegian Act goes further than international rules, such as the Aarhus Convention, and also further than any other national legislation. This article presents the rules on access to information from business enterprises, and presents and discusses examples from the implementation of these rules.展开更多
The environmental quality of livestock houses is key to livestock breeding and directly affects the growth and health of animals.To target the characteristics of long application cycles and large coverage areas for en...The environmental quality of livestock houses is key to livestock breeding and directly affects the growth and health of animals.To target the characteristics of long application cycles and large coverage areas for environmental monitoring in large-scale livestock breeding,the current study designed a remote monitoring system to provide livestock environmental information based on LoRa wireless ad hoc network technology.The system consisted of collection terminals,control terminals,LoRa gateways,and Alibaba Elastic Compute Service.It realized real-time collection,wireless transmission,storage of multi-sensor node data,and remote control.The system was not limited by the selected time or region,because data interaction was achieved by accessing cloud servers using GPRS technology.Users could browse and obtain data from computers and a WeChat mini program from any location with network coverage.Additionally,the system used the improved receiver-based auto rate(RBAR)rate-adaptive algorithm in the LoRa wireless communication component.After application on a dairy farm,the results showed that the whole system collected 6140 sets of environmental data from four dairy houses.The packet loss rate was less than 1%within a communication distance of 604 m,and the communication success rate was greater than 99%.The control instructions were real-time and accurate,and the response time was less than 10 s,which met the remote control needs of large farms.The system provided powerful data and technical support for precision animal production.展开更多
Taking 248 A-share manufacturing listed companies in 2006 Shanghai Stock Exchange as example, using "index method" to measure level of environmental protection infor-mation disclosure, this paper examines th...Taking 248 A-share manufacturing listed companies in 2006 Shanghai Stock Exchange as example, using "index method" to measure level of environmental protection infor-mation disclosure, this paper examines the factors influencing level of environmental protection information disclosure. The findings show that the disclosure level has improved, but the overall level is still low and unable to satisfy information users; there is positive correlation between corporate size, industry type, accounting firm's type and corporate environmental dis-closure index. The companies of large scale and heavy pollu-tion and those audited by international "Big 4" and domestic "Big 10" accounting firms have a high level of environmental disclosure, while the profitability and financial leverage has no impact on the disclosure level. Finally some suggestions are put forward to establish environmental information disclosure sys-tem in China.展开更多
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other fo...Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing ~ith the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.展开更多
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other for...Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.展开更多
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other for...Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study lies in exploring the role of materiality in environmental information disclosures under the securities laws of the United States and China,discussing the differences in the regulatory mechanism,limits of enforcement,and challenges of seeking global harmonization.The paper does a comparative legal analysis of statutory provisions,judicial interpretations,and regulatory frameworks of the U.S.Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)and the China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC).Furthermore,it provides frameworks of global sustainability reporting such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures(TCFD)and the Global Reporting Initiative(GRI).The findings show that U.S.securities law uses a financial materiality standard with respect to what companies must disclose to investors.On the other hand,China’s regulatory approach has a double materiality in considering not only financial impacts but also wider environmental and social factors.Although there are these distinctions,both of these jurisdictions face issues of common obstruction such as ambiguities in materiality determination,inconsistent enforcement,and fear of greenwashing.This paper asserts that the U.S.and China regulatory frameworks need to converge more to promote greater corporate transparency and ESG disclosures.Regulators can even align disclosure practices with internationally recognized standards of work to add confidence for investors,fight off misleading sustainability claims and ensure accountable reporting in pertinent environments.The study concludes that the green challenges of global markets can only be tackled by regulating cooperative actions and using standardized reporting guidelines.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973) of China(No.2007CB407307)the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Program(No.2008BAC32B07)the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.10CDP030)
文摘China＇s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country＇s information policy history and is praised as a ＂sunshine program＂. The Environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectorai information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took effect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still fails short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial Environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.
文摘Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angular distribution of element contents in tree rings and the environmental information. The chemical composition and properties of soils are very much complicated, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of the element contents in tree rings. The statistical multi-variable regression method was used to got the information of the tree-centered distribution of element contents in the environment (soil) (C’), C’(z, θj ), from the distribution of element contents in tree rings (C), C(Z, θi), which depends on the plane azimuth angle (θi), i. e., C=C(Z,θi), where Z is the atomic number of the element, with a satisfactory result,though this study is only a primary one.
文摘This study aims to identify the current situation and problems of environmental information statement for major four home appliances （refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and television receivers） sold at online stores in Japan, and then to suggest how to improve the situation, through a questionnaire survey conducted among businesses that operate online stores and online malls with multiple online stores. The findings of this study are summarized into the following two points： （l） It is found out that environmental information statement for the home appliances at online stores has four problems： （i） less information on ＂three Rs （reduce, reuse and recycle）＂ and ＂chemical substances＂ than the one on ＂energy conservation＂; （ii） cost for providing environmental information statement; （iii） issues associated with a label and mark placement; （iv） issues associated with energy conservation statement. （2） Improvements are suggested for each of the four problems listed above, and shown are （i） the effectiveness of, and need to promote, a label and mark placement; （ii） cost burden on buyers; （iii） need of active efforts made by businesses and of dissemination of legal regulations to businesses.
文摘In Brazil, environmental accounting is inserted in a set of emerging matters, which are arousing great interest among researchers. One of the important points regarding the environmental issue is how to develop tools in order to analyze and manage the natural resources in a balanced way. However, in the literature there are no studies that made use of a knowledge-based approach to implement environmental accounting in organizations. This work aims to examine how environmental accounting can contribute to the knowledge creation in organizations. It held an exploratory, descriptive study and a research-action. The methodological procedures held were： literature review and development of a research-action in a forest enterprise between October 2008 and January 2011. During the interviews, the creation and change of routines and activities was pointed out, such as classification of expenditures schedules, creation of new accounts and new knowledge which help the planning and decision-making process in the organization. This work has an original character due to the practical application within an organization, in which there is a longitudinal follow up for a period of two years and three months, showing the results obtained through interviews with people involved in this process of implementing environmental accounting.
基金an initial progress of the“Research on Improving the Central Supervision System of Ecological and Environmental Protection”(Project No.21ZDA088)a National Social Science Foundation Major Project of the Research on the Interpretation of the Spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee。
文摘As an innovation in the environmental governance system that breaks the traditional hierarchical structure,environmental protection supervision has not only played a significant role in protecting tangible environmental rights but also expanded the basic scope of the right to environmental information—part of procedural environmental rights.In the supervision of environmental protection,the objects of the right to environmental information and the subjects of the obligation to provide environmental information have been both expanded,with the focus shifting from government information to Party information and from administrative organs to Party organs.This vividly demonstrates the Communist Party of China’s concrete efforts to protect human rights in the field of the endeavor to build an ecological civilization.At present,the realization of the right to environmental information in environmental protection supervision still faces problems such as insufficient standards and norms,disordered practice and operation,and lack of liability guarantee.In this context,based on renewing relevant subjects’cognition of the right to know in environmental protection supervision,we should further improve and specify the rule for disclosing information about environmental protection supervision,rationally distribute the obligations for information disclosure in environmental protection supervision,and clarify the accountability rules for violating relevant requirements for information disclosure,so as to promote the overall development of the environmental protection supervision system while guaranteeing the realization of the right to environmental information.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62525101 and 62401084)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2904805)the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Communications Group Joint Innovation Center。
文摘Channels are one of the five critical components of a communication system,and their ergodic capacity is based on all realizations of a statistical channel model.This statistical paradigm has successfully guided the design of mobile communication systems from first generation(1G)to fifth generation(5G).However,this approach relies on offline channel measurements in specific environments,and thus,the system passively adapts to new environments,resulting in deviation from the optimal performance.As sixth generation(6G)expands into ubiquitous environments and pursues higher capacity,numerous sensing and artificial intelligence(AI)-based methods have emerged to combat random channel fading.However,there remains an urgent need for a proactive and online system design paradigm.From a system perspective,we propose an environment intelligence communication(EIC)based on wireless environmental information theory(WEIT)for 6G.The proposed EIC architecture operates in three steps.First,wireless environmental information(WEI)is acquired using sensing techniques.Then,leveraging WEI and channel data,AI techniques are employed to predict channel fading,thereby mitigating channel uncertainty.Finally,the communication system autonomously determines the optimal air-interface transmission strategy based on real-time channel predictions,enabling intelligent interaction with the physical environment.To make this attractive paradigm shift from theory to practice,we establish WEIT for the first time by answering three key problems:How should WEI be defined?Can it be quantified?Does it hold the same properties as statistical communication information?Subsequently,EIC aided by WEI(EIC-WEI)is validated across multiple air-interface tasks,including channel state information prediction,beam prediction,and radio resource management.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EIC-WEI significantly outperforms the statistical paradigm in decreasing overhead and performance optimization.Finally,several open problems and challenges,including regarding its accuracy,complexity,and generalization,are discussed.This work explores a novel and promising way for integrating communication,sensing,and AI capability in 6G.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[under grant number 72174136].
文摘The Open Government Information Regulation is the fundamental guarantee of the right to know for Chinese citizens.In particular,the opening windows for Disclosure on Request(DOR)attempts to initiate direct dialogue between the public and administrative departments.The annual reports on Government Environmental Information Disclosure(GEID)show the gradually strengthening relationship between the public and the government in environmental governance.However,the results of DOR and the difficulties encountered in the application process are still unclear.We analyzed the challenges the public faces when using programmatic methods like DOR to request the disclosure of environmental information that is not proactively made public.We further revealed the causes behind the responses of administrative departments and reinforced calls for policy design concerning the efficiency of DOR in the environmental and other public sectors.
基金UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),Geneva,Switzerland and the International Development Research Center,CanadaNASA ROSES grant:“NASA SERVIR PROJECT NNX12AQ70G Development and Implementation of Flood Risk Mapping,Water Bodies Monitoring and Climate Information for Disaster Management and Human Health。
文摘Background:During the last 30 years,the development of geographical information systems and satellites for Earth observation has made important progress in the monitoring of the weather,climate,environmental and anthropogenic factors that influence the reduction or the reemergence of vector-borne diseases.Analyses resulting from the combination of geographical information systems(GIS)and remote sensing have improved knowledge of climatic,environmental,and biodiversity factors influencing vector-borne diseases(VBDs)such as malaria,visceral leishmaniasis,dengue,Rift Valley fever,schistosomiasis,Chagas disease and leptospirosis.These knowledge and products developed using remotely sensed data helped and continue to help decision makers to better allocate limited resources in the fight against VBDs.Main body:Because VBDs are linked to climate and environment,we present here our experience during the last four years working with the projects under the,World Health Organization(WHO)/The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)-International Development Research Centre(IDRC)Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change to integrate climate and environmental information into research and decision-making processes.The following sections present the methodology we have developed,which uses remote sensing to monitor climate variability,environmental conditions,and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases.We then show how remotely sensed data can be accessed and evaluated and how they can be integrated into research and decision-making processes for mapping risks,and creating Early Warning Systems,using two examples from the WHO TDR projects based on schistosomiasis analysis in South Africa and Trypanosomiasis in Tanzania.Conclusions:The tools presented in this article have been successfully used by the projects under the WHO/TDRIDRC Research Initiative on VBDs and Climate Change.Combined with capacity building,they are an important piece of work which can significantly contribute to the goals of WHO Global Vector Control Response and to the Sustainable Development Goals especially those on health and climate action.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71672194,71372064,and 71431006)Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.16JZD013)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant No.2017JJ3398)Social Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant No.17YBA407).
文摘This study focuses on the influence of Chief Executive Officer(CEO)characteristics on environmental information disclosure(EID)in the annual reports of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.A regression analysis method is used to explore the relationship between CEO characteristics and corporate environmental disclosure.Pollution-intensive companies are taken as the samples in this study.Results show that financial expertise,educational level,and tenure of CEOs are positively correlated with corporate EID.By contrast,age or gender of CEOs is insignificantly related to EID.
文摘The past decade has seen remarkable progress made in the field of environmental information disclosure in China. While the overall institutional changes and the motivation/willingness of the government to open up information are important conditions, China＇s encounter with revolutionary Information and Communication Technological （ICT） advancement and rapidly emerging big data quickly changed China from an ＂information poor environment＂ to an ＂information complex environment.＂ While most previous studies centered on those drives/constraints that were recognized in established informational governance framework, recent advancement in ICTs and emerging big data posed new challenges, opportunities and research questions. When increasing information disclosure became a new game changer in environmental governance, China has had to cope with risks and pitfalls in a new technology-empowered information environment as well. This article updated previous studies on legislation/ regulations/policies regarding environmental information disclosure in China and their implementation effectiveness, and paid special attention to China＇s recent informatization progress and emerging big data. Information disclosure was treated as a process that includes data/information generation/collection, disclosure, functional pathways of communication, and direct/indirect impacts. Changes in environmental information disclosure should be understood in a broader context of overall changing environmental governance and informatization in China. It is important to understand ICTs and information disclosure as a double-edged sword. Normative, substantive, and instrumental benefits of disclosure as well as collection and reporting costs, the issue of targeted transparency, and the risk of unintended use should be strategically considered. Principles and guidelines need to be developed to avoid pitfalls while maximizing benefits.
文摘The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management,e.g.forest and agroecosystem management,biodiversity conservation,or hydrological planning,started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s.The combined availability of spatial data and communication,computing,positioning,geographic information system(GIS)-and remote sensing(RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s.The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources,and therefore ecosystems in general,requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database.Spatial data on topography,soil,climate,land use,hydrology,flora,fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available.Therefore,GIS-and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis.In this context,the structure of spatial environmental information systems(SEIS)is introduced.In SEIS,the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven subinformation systems:base geodata information system(BGDIS),climate information system(CIS),soil information system(SIS),land use information system(LUIS),hydrological information system(HIS),spatial/temporal biodiversity information system(STBIS),forest/agricultural management information system(FAMIS).The major tasks of a SEIS are to(i)provide environmental resource information on a regional level,(ii)analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and(iii)simulate scenarios of different impacts.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFD2002202)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC08-2024-FQ04)+2 种基金Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Grant No.PT2024-46)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.BX20230048)Postdoctoral fund of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.2023-ZZ-025).
文摘Air environmental information plays an important role during plant growth and reproduction, prompt and accurate prediction of atmospheric environmental data is helpful for agricultural robots to make a timely decision. For efficiency, an online learning method for predicting air environmental information was presented in this work. This method combines the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and experience replay technique: CNN is used to extract features from raw data and predict atmospheric environmental information, experience replay technique can store environmental data over some time and update the hyperparameters of CNN. To validate the effects of this method, this online method was compared with three different predictive methods (including random forest, multi-layer perceptron, and support vector regression) using a public dataset (Jena). According to results, a suitable sample sequence size (e.g., 16) has a smaller number of training sessions and stable results, a larger replay memory size (e.g., 200) can provide enough samples to capture useful features, and 6 d of historical information is the best setting for training predictor. Compared with traditional methods, the method proposed in this study is the only method applied for various conditions.
文摘Making market operators responsible for having and giving access to information about their impact on the environment is an important part of changing the way the economy operates in relation to environmental sustainability. To this end, the Norwegian access to environmental information act has established a right for the public to access to environmental information from private entities such as business enterprises. In this point, the Norwegian Act goes further than international rules, such as the Aarhus Convention, and also further than any other national legislation. This article presents the rules on access to information from business enterprises, and presents and discusses examples from the implementation of these rules.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFE0125600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172784)+2 种基金the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-36)the Northeast Agricultural University“East Agricultural Scholar Program(Academic Backbone)”Project(Grant No.20XG37)the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.UNPYSCT-2020092).
文摘The environmental quality of livestock houses is key to livestock breeding and directly affects the growth and health of animals.To target the characteristics of long application cycles and large coverage areas for environmental monitoring in large-scale livestock breeding,the current study designed a remote monitoring system to provide livestock environmental information based on LoRa wireless ad hoc network technology.The system consisted of collection terminals,control terminals,LoRa gateways,and Alibaba Elastic Compute Service.It realized real-time collection,wireless transmission,storage of multi-sensor node data,and remote control.The system was not limited by the selected time or region,because data interaction was achieved by accessing cloud servers using GPRS technology.Users could browse and obtain data from computers and a WeChat mini program from any location with network coverage.Additionally,the system used the improved receiver-based auto rate(RBAR)rate-adaptive algorithm in the LoRa wireless communication component.After application on a dairy farm,the results showed that the whole system collected 6140 sets of environmental data from four dairy houses.The packet loss rate was less than 1%within a communication distance of 604 m,and the communication success rate was greater than 99%.The control instructions were real-time and accurate,and the response time was less than 10 s,which met the remote control needs of large farms.The system provided powerful data and technical support for precision animal production.
基金Northwestern Polytechnical University and the support of 2006 and 2007 scientific research project of Xi’an international studies university to this item
文摘Taking 248 A-share manufacturing listed companies in 2006 Shanghai Stock Exchange as example, using "index method" to measure level of environmental protection infor-mation disclosure, this paper examines the factors influencing level of environmental protection information disclosure. The findings show that the disclosure level has improved, but the overall level is still low and unable to satisfy information users; there is positive correlation between corporate size, industry type, accounting firm's type and corporate environmental dis-closure index. The companies of large scale and heavy pollu-tion and those audited by international "Big 4" and domestic "Big 10" accounting firms have a high level of environmental disclosure, while the profitability and financial leverage has no impact on the disclosure level. Finally some suggestions are put forward to establish environmental information disclosure sys-tem in China.
文摘Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an international journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing ~ith the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.
文摘Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.
文摘Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, an intemational journal with emphasis on scientific findings in China, publishes articles dealing with biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life. The effects may be measured with pharmacological, biochemical, pathological, and immunological techniques. The journal also publishes reports dealing with the entry, transport, and fate of natural and anthropogenic chemicals in the biosphere, and their impact on human health and well-being. Papers describing biochemical, pharmacological, pathological, toxicological and immunological studies of pharmaceuticals （biotechnological products） are also welcome.
