Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-w...Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-water system （4WHPDW-ECS）. Mathematical models for the two sys- tems are established, and a system simulation using a numerical technique is performed to analyze and compare the cooling performance of the two systems. Simulation results show that the cooling capacity of MD-ECS is much higher than that of 4WHPDW-ECS under the same working conditions, indicating that the novel system is theoretically feasible and promising. The effects of the sweep ratio of the membrane dehumidifier on the dehumidification and cooling performance of the system is also investigated.展开更多
Based on the interpretation of the subway operation environment and the energy consumption of the environmental control system, the application of intelligent environmental control system (IECS) technology and the opt...Based on the interpretation of the subway operation environment and the energy consumption of the environmental control system, the application of intelligent environmental control system (IECS) technology and the optimization of design scheme are explored in detail, among which the technology application includes the configuration of high-efficiency equipment and frequency conversion technology, the overall measurement of system operation parameters, the use of low-resistance devices, etc. In order to clarify the application of the above technologies, a third-party testing agency is invited to test the energy efficiency, and strive to achieve the energy-saving target under the special operating conditions of the subway stations throughout the year.展开更多
Purpose:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the environmental management control tools literature.It seeks to summarize this body of literature’s growth and identify the most influential auth...Purpose:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the environmental management control tools literature.It seeks to summarize this body of literature’s growth and identify the most influential authors,journals,and articles in this field.The main objective of this article is to determine which tools are most prominent in the literature.Methodology/approach:The study examined 541 articles published in 126 academically indexed journals in the Scopus database.The analyzed timeframe covers the period from 2011 to 2023.We used VOSviewer software for statistical calculations to map the collaborations among authors and journals and to develop a conceptual and intellectual map of the field.Results:Our findings show that the literature on environmental management control tools is flourishing.The authors who dominated this period are mainly Schaltegger,Sala,and Ulgiati.The Journal of Cleaner Production is the primary source of publications,with an astounding 241 documents.The United States attained the leading position in terms of publication with 86 documents,which explains its willingness to collaborate with other countries,followed by China and Australia with 70 and 66 papers,respectively.Finally,bibliometric analysis shows that“life cycle assessment”,“cost-benefit analysis”,and“sustainability reporting”are the most prominent tools in research on this topic.Originality/value:This article provides several starting points for researchers and practitioners investigating environmental management control tools.It contributes to broadening the field’s vision and then offers recommendations for future studies.展开更多
As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data so...As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data solutions have been applied to environmental pollution control audits,exerting a significant impact.This paper presents the current situation of environmental pollution audits,summarizing the application of big data from the perspectives of both domestic and international research.In terms of data collection and data analysis for environmental pollution audits,cloud platform technology,and visualization technology are selected based on multiple data sources.The impact in the field of environmental pollution control audits is further analyzed.It is found that the environmental pollution audit cloud platform is not yet perfect,the technical skills of audit personnel are insufficient,and some technologies are not mature.Relevant suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the future development of big data technology and its integration with environmental pollution control audits.展开更多
This paper presents a thermophysical study approach for a pure environmental control system(ECS),incorporating the geometric dimensions of heat exchangers,ram air duct,and air cycle machine(ACM)blades of the Sabreline...This paper presents a thermophysical study approach for a pure environmental control system(ECS),incorporating the geometric dimensions of heat exchangers,ram air duct,and air cycle machine(ACM)blades of the Sabreliner’s environmental control system.Real flight scenarios are simulated by considering flight input variables such as altitude,aircraft speed,compression ratio of the air cycle machine,and the mass flow rate of bleed air.The study evaluates the coefficient of performance(COP)of the environmental control system,the heat exchanger efficiencies,and the work distribution of the air cycle machine based on five flight scenarios,with a particular focus on considering the effects of humidity on environmental control system performance.The results demonstrate that at cruising altitude(11,000 m),air humidity conditions allow an increase in the COP of around 9.28%compared to dry conditions.Conversely,on land,humidity conditions reduce the performance by 4.26%compared to dry conditions.It was also found that the effects of humidity at high aircraft speeds become negligible.In general terms,the humidity conditions in the air proved to have positive effects on the environmental control system’s performance but negative effects on the heat exchanger efficiencies,reducing them by 0.22%.Additionally,land conditions reflect significant improvements in performance when the compression ratio of the air cycle machine is varied.Furthermore,in the work distribution of the air cycle machine,humidity conditions were demonstrated to consume 2.91%less work fromthe turbine compared to dry conditions.展开更多
The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monito...The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.展开更多
Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity cond...Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.展开更多
The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large...The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.展开更多
Forest ecosystems function as the largest carbon(C)sink in terrestrial ecosystems,and nearly half of the C in forest ecosystems is stored in forest soils.However,the patterns of two main fractions of soil organic C,pa...Forest ecosystems function as the largest carbon(C)sink in terrestrial ecosystems,and nearly half of the C in forest ecosystems is stored in forest soils.However,the patterns of two main fractions of soil organic C,particulate organic C(POC)and mineral-associated organic C(MAOC),across various types of forest ecosystems remain unclear.In this study,soil samples were collected from depths of 0–100 cm at eight sites located between 18°and 48°north latitude in eastern China.The soil samples were then separated into particulate organic matter(POM)and mineral-associated organic matter(MAOM)based on particle size to analyze the distribution of C within each fraction.The results showed that the C stored as POC increased with latitude and decreased with soil depth.Specifically,28.1%,38.5%and 55.6%of C was stored as POC in the topsoil(0–30 cm)of tropical,subtropical and temperate forests,respectively,while 24.0%,24.3%and 38.9%of C was stored as POC in the subsoil(30–100 cm)of the corresponding forests,respectively.MAOC experienced a higher degree of microbial processing(indicated by differences in δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and C:N between POM and MAOM)than POC,with a more pronounced difference in microbial processing between MAOC and POC at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes.These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of forest SOC and offer potential strategies for enhancing forest C sequestration.展开更多
The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There...The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy and society, people's living standard has been continuously improved, but the impact of development on the ecological environment is also huge. In order to further build a goo...With the rapid development of economy and society, people's living standard has been continuously improved, but the impact of development on the ecological environment is also huge. In order to further build a good natural ecological environment, we can explore the application of "three lines and one list" ecological environment zoning management and control technology, and improve the overall level of ecological environment protection and control. The article mainly focuses on the "three lines and one list" ecological environment zoning management and control technology and methods for in-depth exploration.展开更多
A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic co...A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic control of the temperature–pressure two-parameter and overcome the control difficulties inherent to a large inertia lag link with a complex control system which is composed of turbine refrigeration device, vacuum device and liquid nitrogen cooling device. The system includes multi-parameter decoupling of the cabin itself to avoid equipment damage of air refrigeration turbine caused by improper operation. Based on analysis of the dynamic characteristics and modeling for variations in temperature, pressure and rotation speed, an intelligent controller was implemented that includes decoupling and fuzzy arithmetic combined with an expert PID controller to control test parameters by decoupling and slope tracking control strategy. The control system employed centralized management in an open industrial ethernet architecture with an industrial computer at the core. The simulation and field debugging and running results show that this method can solve the problems of a poor anti-interference performance typical for a conventional PID and overshooting that can readily damage equipment. The steady-state characteristics meet the system requirements.展开更多
The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake i...The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake is of great importance to the improvement of water environment in the valley and the eutrophication status in th lake. Firstly, the basic ideas, key taches and main methods for water pollution control of inflow rivers of Taihu Lake was put forward in this article, Basic on these theories, the pollutant source status in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflow rivers was analysized, the countermeasures of pollution control and main regulation projects were introduced, and the total abatement of pollutants was predicted. With the implement of regulation projects, the number of rivers with water quality worse than Grade V among the 15 major inflow rivers had come from 9 to 3, and the eutrophication status of Taihu Lake had changed from medium level to light level. The overall treatment of the major inflow rivers of the Taihu Lake had achieved initial success.展开更多
The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate ...The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cultivation systems using controlled environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas will be discussed. The article reviews global urban cultivation systems using controlled environments, by identifying the technologies needed to establish them. The practice of CEA is being increasingly adopted worldwide and we describe urban agriculture and compare it with traditional growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical farming and plant factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technological advances. The current review extends the literature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agriculture in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional information regarding the viability of CEA in urban areas.展开更多
Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control...Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.展开更多
Background Opisthorchiasis,caused by Opisthorchis viverrini,poses a significant health risk in northeastern Thailand,increasing the prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma.This study implemented a One Health integrated strat...Background Opisthorchiasis,caused by Opisthorchis viverrini,poses a significant health risk in northeastern Thailand,increasing the prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma.This study implemented a One Health integrated strategy,targeting human,animal,and environmental factors to reduce O.viverrini prevalence and transmission in an endemic region.Methods The study was conducted from 2016 to 2022 in the Huay Luang Reservoir area,Udon Thani Province,Thailand and enrolled 5412 participants.Annual stool examinations were conducted and participants found to be infected with O.viverrini received anthelmintic treatments.Other intervention methods included health education,snail control,veterinary care,sanitation improvements,training of health volunteers,creating a learning center and liver fluke-free fish production.Annual data on prevalence,infection intensity,and reinfection rates were collected.Student’s t-test,one-way ANOVA,Chi-square test,or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare data across the study years,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.Results The One Health strategy significantly reduced O.viverrini prevalence in humans from 14.1%in 2016 to 0.9%in 2022,with O.viverrini-egg intensity decreasing from 76.9 to 25.5 eggs per gram(EPG)(P<0.001).Reinfection rates decreased significantly from 17.4%in 2016 to 9.7%in 2022 following the implementation of the program(P=0.003).Among reservoir hosts,infections in dogs and cats significantly decreased from 21.3%to 3.8%(P<0.001).In cyprinoid fish,metacercarial prevalence significantly decreased from 21.9%to 2.2%(P<0.001).Awareness of transmission routes rose from 45.1%to 82.6%,and raw fish consumption decreased from 52.4%to 12.3%.Biological control reduced Bithynia snail densities from 30 to under 5 snails/m^(2),while sanitation interventions increased toilet use from 31.7%to 87.1%.A local fish-processing enterprise enhanced food safety and income.Health volunteers engaged 94%of households,and a learning center trained 250 individuals and hosted site visits.Conclusions The One Health strategy effectively and sustainably limited O.viverrini infections and reinfections,demonstrating the potential of One Health as a model for zoonotic parasite control in other endemic areas.展开更多
By means of the synthetic approach of non－polar or weak polar oil－sorbed polymers，the gel sorption resin（GSR） and the multiporous sorption resin（MSR） were prepared．The structure of the resins，sorption power...By means of the synthetic approach of non－polar or weak polar oil－sorbed polymers，the gel sorption resin（GSR） and the multiporous sorption resin（MSR） were prepared．The structure of the resins，sorption power，sorption speed，desorption，and sorption of organic compounds from sewage，exhaust gas and soil were discussed．Moreover，the resins were used to decrease LOD and BOD5 values of water waste from sewage factory．Theyare a klndof potential materials for environmental control．展开更多
Efficient built environment control is essential for balancing energy consumption,thermal comfort,and indoor air quality(IAQ),especially in spaces with highly dynamic and intermittent occupancy patterns.Traditional co...Efficient built environment control is essential for balancing energy consumption,thermal comfort,and indoor air quality(IAQ),especially in spaces with highly dynamic and intermittent occupancy patterns.Traditional control strategies,such as fixed schedules or simple occupancy-based rules,often fail to address the stochastic nature of occupancy behaviors,leading to suboptimal performance.This study proposes a stochastic occupancy-integrated model predictive control(MPC)strategy that advances built environment optimization through several innovative contributions.First,the proposed MPC integrates stochastic occupancy number predictions into its control scheme,enabling multi-objective optimization considering thermal comfort and IAQ for spaces with sudden occupancy changes and irregular usage.Second,the stochastic differential equations(SDE)-based building dynamic models are developed considering the stochasticity and time-inhomogeneity of occupancy heat gains and CO_(2)generations in the prediction of indoor temperature,CO_(2)concentration and energy consumption.Third,a TRNSYS-Python co-simulation platform is established to evaluate the MPC strategy’s performance,addressing the discrepancies between the SDE models used for MPC and the actual process of the target system.Finally,the study comprehensively evaluates the MPC’s multi-dimensional performance under different optimization weight combinations and benchmarks it against two baseline strategies:a fixed-schedule(FIX)strategy and occupancy-based control(OBC)strategies with varying per-person fresh airflow rates.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPC achieves 32%energy savings and 17%IAQ improvement compared to the FIX strategy,and 30%thermal comfort improvement and 20%IAQ improvement with the same energy consumption compared to OBC.These findings highlight the robustness and enhanced performance of the proposed MPC in addressing the complexities of stochastic and time-varying occupancy,offering a state-of-the-art solution for energy-efficient and occupant-centric built environment control.展开更多
基金support from Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2011ZC09006)
文摘Abstract This paper conducts a simulation study of a novel aircraft environmental control system based on membrane dehumidification （MD-ECS）, and compares the system with the up-to-date four-wheel high pressure de-water system （4WHPDW-ECS）. Mathematical models for the two sys- tems are established, and a system simulation using a numerical technique is performed to analyze and compare the cooling performance of the two systems. Simulation results show that the cooling capacity of MD-ECS is much higher than that of 4WHPDW-ECS under the same working conditions, indicating that the novel system is theoretically feasible and promising. The effects of the sweep ratio of the membrane dehumidifier on the dehumidification and cooling performance of the system is also investigated.
文摘Based on the interpretation of the subway operation environment and the energy consumption of the environmental control system, the application of intelligent environmental control system (IECS) technology and the optimization of design scheme are explored in detail, among which the technology application includes the configuration of high-efficiency equipment and frequency conversion technology, the overall measurement of system operation parameters, the use of low-resistance devices, etc. In order to clarify the application of the above technologies, a third-party testing agency is invited to test the energy efficiency, and strive to achieve the energy-saving target under the special operating conditions of the subway stations throughout the year.
文摘Purpose:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the environmental management control tools literature.It seeks to summarize this body of literature’s growth and identify the most influential authors,journals,and articles in this field.The main objective of this article is to determine which tools are most prominent in the literature.Methodology/approach:The study examined 541 articles published in 126 academically indexed journals in the Scopus database.The analyzed timeframe covers the period from 2011 to 2023.We used VOSviewer software for statistical calculations to map the collaborations among authors and journals and to develop a conceptual and intellectual map of the field.Results:Our findings show that the literature on environmental management control tools is flourishing.The authors who dominated this period are mainly Schaltegger,Sala,and Ulgiati.The Journal of Cleaner Production is the primary source of publications,with an astounding 241 documents.The United States attained the leading position in terms of publication with 86 documents,which explains its willingness to collaborate with other countries,followed by China and Australia with 70 and 66 papers,respectively.Finally,bibliometric analysis shows that“life cycle assessment”,“cost-benefit analysis”,and“sustainability reporting”are the most prominent tools in research on this topic.Originality/value:This article provides several starting points for researchers and practitioners investigating environmental management control tools.It contributes to broadening the field’s vision and then offers recommendations for future studies.
文摘As China strives towards the second centenary goal,increasing attention is being paid to environmental pollution and other related issues.Concurrently,with the rapid development of big data technology,many big data solutions have been applied to environmental pollution control audits,exerting a significant impact.This paper presents the current situation of environmental pollution audits,summarizing the application of big data from the perspectives of both domestic and international research.In terms of data collection and data analysis for environmental pollution audits,cloud platform technology,and visualization technology are selected based on multiple data sources.The impact in the field of environmental pollution control audits is further analyzed.It is found that the environmental pollution audit cloud platform is not yet perfect,the technical skills of audit personnel are insufficient,and some technologies are not mature.Relevant suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the future development of big data technology and its integration with environmental pollution control audits.
文摘This paper presents a thermophysical study approach for a pure environmental control system(ECS),incorporating the geometric dimensions of heat exchangers,ram air duct,and air cycle machine(ACM)blades of the Sabreliner’s environmental control system.Real flight scenarios are simulated by considering flight input variables such as altitude,aircraft speed,compression ratio of the air cycle machine,and the mass flow rate of bleed air.The study evaluates the coefficient of performance(COP)of the environmental control system,the heat exchanger efficiencies,and the work distribution of the air cycle machine based on five flight scenarios,with a particular focus on considering the effects of humidity on environmental control system performance.The results demonstrate that at cruising altitude(11,000 m),air humidity conditions allow an increase in the COP of around 9.28%compared to dry conditions.Conversely,on land,humidity conditions reduce the performance by 4.26%compared to dry conditions.It was also found that the effects of humidity at high aircraft speeds become negligible.In general terms,the humidity conditions in the air proved to have positive effects on the environmental control system’s performance but negative effects on the heat exchanger efficiencies,reducing them by 0.22%.Additionally,land conditions reflect significant improvements in performance when the compression ratio of the air cycle machine is varied.Furthermore,in the work distribution of the air cycle machine,humidity conditions were demonstrated to consume 2.91%less work fromthe turbine compared to dry conditions.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303094)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2012DFA31120)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD14B15)
文摘The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.
基金AAH held an NHMRC Fellowship during the completion of this paper.
文摘Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change.In most assessments of vulnerability,critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions.However,many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions,allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics.This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits,using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints,isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits,characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses,and when assessing the role of cross generation effects.However,vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions,which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior,microhabitat,stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions.There are ways of reconciling these requirements,such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions(or vice versa).While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa,assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered,and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2012ZD51043)‘‘Fanzhou’’ Youth Scientifc Funds(No.20100504)
文摘The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42141006,32425038 and 31988102).
文摘Forest ecosystems function as the largest carbon(C)sink in terrestrial ecosystems,and nearly half of the C in forest ecosystems is stored in forest soils.However,the patterns of two main fractions of soil organic C,particulate organic C(POC)and mineral-associated organic C(MAOC),across various types of forest ecosystems remain unclear.In this study,soil samples were collected from depths of 0–100 cm at eight sites located between 18°and 48°north latitude in eastern China.The soil samples were then separated into particulate organic matter(POM)and mineral-associated organic matter(MAOM)based on particle size to analyze the distribution of C within each fraction.The results showed that the C stored as POC increased with latitude and decreased with soil depth.Specifically,28.1%,38.5%and 55.6%of C was stored as POC in the topsoil(0–30 cm)of tropical,subtropical and temperate forests,respectively,while 24.0%,24.3%and 38.9%of C was stored as POC in the subsoil(30–100 cm)of the corresponding forests,respectively.MAOC experienced a higher degree of microbial processing(indicated by differences in δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N and C:N between POM and MAOM)than POC,with a more pronounced difference in microbial processing between MAOC and POC at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes.These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of forest SOC and offer potential strategies for enhancing forest C sequestration.
基金funded by NSFC grant(No.49976015)grant of State Key Laboratory ot Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,CAS(No.SKLLQG0203).
文摘The time series of annual and seasonal growth rate of two coral Porites, collected at different sites of fringe reef in the Sanya Bay, Hainan Island have been obtained by analyzing X-radiograph of skeletal band. There are obvious seasonal variations of the growth rate in two corals, the average low rate in winter and the average high rate from spring to autumn. Compared with the time series of environmental variables, the coral growth rate is only correlated statistically with seawater temperature and not related to rainfall and sunshine. Furthermore, the growth rate in spring and summer is correlated directly with seawater temperature of the winter-early spring ( between December and March ) and the other seasonal growth rate has no relationship with seasonal variations of seawater temperature. We propose that seawater temperature is one of the factors affecting the coral growth rate in the area and the low seawater temperature is a primary control of the seasonal growth rate.
文摘With the rapid development of economy and society, people's living standard has been continuously improved, but the impact of development on the ecological environment is also huge. In order to further build a good natural ecological environment, we can explore the application of "three lines and one list" ecological environment zoning management and control technology, and improve the overall level of ecological environment protection and control. The article mainly focuses on the "three lines and one list" ecological environment zoning management and control technology and methods for in-depth exploration.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foun-dation of China(No.2012XX51043)‘‘Fanzhou’’Youth Scientific Funds of China(No.20100504)
文摘A large-scale high altitude environment simulation test cabin was developed to accurately control temperatures and pressures encountered at high altitudes. The system was developed to provide slope-tracking dynamic control of the temperature–pressure two-parameter and overcome the control difficulties inherent to a large inertia lag link with a complex control system which is composed of turbine refrigeration device, vacuum device and liquid nitrogen cooling device. The system includes multi-parameter decoupling of the cabin itself to avoid equipment damage of air refrigeration turbine caused by improper operation. Based on analysis of the dynamic characteristics and modeling for variations in temperature, pressure and rotation speed, an intelligent controller was implemented that includes decoupling and fuzzy arithmetic combined with an expert PID controller to control test parameters by decoupling and slope tracking control strategy. The control system employed centralized management in an open industrial ethernet architecture with an industrial computer at the core. The simulation and field debugging and running results show that this method can solve the problems of a poor anti-interference performance typical for a conventional PID and overshooting that can readily damage equipment. The steady-state characteristics meet the system requirements.
文摘The pollutants from the 15 rivers inflowing into Lake Taihu accounted for about 80% of the total amount of the pollutants inflowing into Lake Taihu. Therefore, overall treatment of the inflowing rivers of Taihu Lake is of great importance to the improvement of water environment in the valley and the eutrophication status in th lake. Firstly, the basic ideas, key taches and main methods for water pollution control of inflow rivers of Taihu Lake was put forward in this article, Basic on these theories, the pollutant source status in the comprehensive treatment zone of the 15 major inflow rivers was analysized, the countermeasures of pollution control and main regulation projects were introduced, and the total abatement of pollutants was predicted. With the implement of regulation projects, the number of rivers with water quality worse than Grade V among the 15 major inflow rivers had come from 9 to 3, and the eutrophication status of Taihu Lake had changed from medium level to light level. The overall treatment of the major inflow rivers of the Taihu Lake had achieved initial success.
文摘The research objective of this review is to discuss the rationale that led to the development of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and investigate this agricultural approach as a potential solution to mitigate the increased pressures on food security. It describes the need for urban cultivation systems using controlled environments and how they can be harnessed to address pressures facing food security. The factors that have contributed to the growth of CEAs, education, environmental justice, and the advantages and disadvantages of growing crops in CEAs in urban areas will be discussed. The article reviews global urban cultivation systems using controlled environments, by identifying the technologies needed to establish them. The practice of CEA is being increasingly adopted worldwide and we describe urban agriculture and compare it with traditional growing systems. Indoor farming systems that integrate into existing urban infrastructure such as vertical farming and plant factories using CEAs are discussed. Indoor farming gives urban areas enhanced access to food sources, but the cost is high, however decreasing due to recent technological advances. The current review extends the literature by incorporating recent research on the topic of agriculture in urban areas and food security. This review seeks to provide additional information regarding the viability of CEA in urban areas.
文摘Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.
基金supported by the Program Management Unit Competitiveness(PMUC),Thailandthe Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University,under the National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF),Thailandthe Reinventing University scheme of Khon Kaen University,Thailand.
文摘Background Opisthorchiasis,caused by Opisthorchis viverrini,poses a significant health risk in northeastern Thailand,increasing the prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma.This study implemented a One Health integrated strategy,targeting human,animal,and environmental factors to reduce O.viverrini prevalence and transmission in an endemic region.Methods The study was conducted from 2016 to 2022 in the Huay Luang Reservoir area,Udon Thani Province,Thailand and enrolled 5412 participants.Annual stool examinations were conducted and participants found to be infected with O.viverrini received anthelmintic treatments.Other intervention methods included health education,snail control,veterinary care,sanitation improvements,training of health volunteers,creating a learning center and liver fluke-free fish production.Annual data on prevalence,infection intensity,and reinfection rates were collected.Student’s t-test,one-way ANOVA,Chi-square test,or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare data across the study years,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.Results The One Health strategy significantly reduced O.viverrini prevalence in humans from 14.1%in 2016 to 0.9%in 2022,with O.viverrini-egg intensity decreasing from 76.9 to 25.5 eggs per gram(EPG)(P<0.001).Reinfection rates decreased significantly from 17.4%in 2016 to 9.7%in 2022 following the implementation of the program(P=0.003).Among reservoir hosts,infections in dogs and cats significantly decreased from 21.3%to 3.8%(P<0.001).In cyprinoid fish,metacercarial prevalence significantly decreased from 21.9%to 2.2%(P<0.001).Awareness of transmission routes rose from 45.1%to 82.6%,and raw fish consumption decreased from 52.4%to 12.3%.Biological control reduced Bithynia snail densities from 30 to under 5 snails/m^(2),while sanitation interventions increased toilet use from 31.7%to 87.1%.A local fish-processing enterprise enhanced food safety and income.Health volunteers engaged 94%of households,and a learning center trained 250 individuals and hosted site visits.Conclusions The One Health strategy effectively and sustainably limited O.viverrini infections and reinfections,demonstrating the potential of One Health as a model for zoonotic parasite control in other endemic areas.
文摘By means of the synthetic approach of non－polar or weak polar oil－sorbed polymers，the gel sorption resin（GSR） and the multiporous sorption resin（MSR） were prepared．The structure of the resins，sorption power，sorption speed，desorption，and sorption of organic compounds from sewage，exhaust gas and soil were discussed．Moreover，the resins were used to decrease LOD and BOD5 values of water waste from sewage factory．Theyare a klndof potential materials for environmental control．
基金the Research Grants Council(15220323)of the Hong Kong SAR,Chinathe Innovation Fund Denmark to SEM4Cities(IFD No.0143-0004)and RePUP(IFD No.2079-00030B)as well as the ARV project(EU H2020101036723).
文摘Efficient built environment control is essential for balancing energy consumption,thermal comfort,and indoor air quality(IAQ),especially in spaces with highly dynamic and intermittent occupancy patterns.Traditional control strategies,such as fixed schedules or simple occupancy-based rules,often fail to address the stochastic nature of occupancy behaviors,leading to suboptimal performance.This study proposes a stochastic occupancy-integrated model predictive control(MPC)strategy that advances built environment optimization through several innovative contributions.First,the proposed MPC integrates stochastic occupancy number predictions into its control scheme,enabling multi-objective optimization considering thermal comfort and IAQ for spaces with sudden occupancy changes and irregular usage.Second,the stochastic differential equations(SDE)-based building dynamic models are developed considering the stochasticity and time-inhomogeneity of occupancy heat gains and CO_(2)generations in the prediction of indoor temperature,CO_(2)concentration and energy consumption.Third,a TRNSYS-Python co-simulation platform is established to evaluate the MPC strategy’s performance,addressing the discrepancies between the SDE models used for MPC and the actual process of the target system.Finally,the study comprehensively evaluates the MPC’s multi-dimensional performance under different optimization weight combinations and benchmarks it against two baseline strategies:a fixed-schedule(FIX)strategy and occupancy-based control(OBC)strategies with varying per-person fresh airflow rates.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPC achieves 32%energy savings and 17%IAQ improvement compared to the FIX strategy,and 30%thermal comfort improvement and 20%IAQ improvement with the same energy consumption compared to OBC.These findings highlight the robustness and enhanced performance of the proposed MPC in addressing the complexities of stochastic and time-varying occupancy,offering a state-of-the-art solution for energy-efficient and occupant-centric built environment control.
