Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business envir...Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.展开更多
Aclean and upright political environment is fundamental to the vitality and prosperous development of a country,a nation,and a political party.Following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)i...Aclean and upright political environment is fundamental to the vitality and prosperous development of a country,a nation,and a political party.Following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 2012,the Central Committee,with Xi Jinping at its core,prioritized the formulation and implementation of the central leadership's Eight-Point Rule as a key measure to improve Party conduct.In a spirit of thorough self-reform,the CPC has worked hard to eliminate unhealthy tendencies,resolve longstanding problems,and address deeply entrenched issues.This has led to a sweeping renewal of the Party's conduct and government style,while also helping to steadily foster a positive social ethos and public morale.展开更多
Uncertainty induced by the political environment affects investment risk, and thus affects investment decisions, which have a close relationship with economic development. This paper investigates the economic cost of ...Uncertainty induced by the political environment affects investment risk, and thus affects investment decisions, which have a close relationship with economic development. This paper investigates the economic cost of political instability using the case study of the tense relationship across-Strait in China. We use a synthetic control method to better model the counterfactual analysis of this case study. The intense situation of the relations across-Strait has great influence on the economic development of Fujian province. Fujian province is the closest province in proximity to Taiwan and also possesses the greatest preferential policies for Taiwan Residents direct investment. The empirical results of this study reveal that during 2001-2008 Fujian province＇s average annual loss in GDP per capita was 682.54 yuan. In other words, GDP per capita in Fujian has declined about 12.1 percent annually during this period compared with GDP per capita as calculated by the synthetic control method.展开更多
Sovereign Wealth Funds established by Middle Eastern countries occupy an important position in world capital markets in terms of size or activity.However,regarding the establishment and operation of the funds,Saudi Ar...Sovereign Wealth Funds established by Middle Eastern countries occupy an important position in world capital markets in terms of size or activity.However,regarding the establishment and operation of the funds,Saudi Arabia pursues a conservative investment strategy as a regional power,which is quite different from other Gulf countries.It is found that the economic conditions in Saudi Arabia,such as money supply,foreign exchange reserves,external debt and domestic economic development,which are generally considered to be the determining factors for the establishment of SWFs,were not favorable compared with those in the other GCC states in the last decades.However,even when those conditions have been improved since the beginning of this century,the performance of SWFs in Saudi Arabia still lags behind compared with other Gulf countries.As the economic indicators of the country will be studied,so will a political analysis be conducted in three specific perspectives:the significance of US dollar reserve for Saudi-US diplomatic relations,the deterioration of political environment of FDI in western countries after 9/11 and a mix of public and private ownership systems brought by the royal family.In the end,one can conclude that Saudi Arabia is a conservative investor on SWFs.展开更多
基金CAS-ANSO Sustainable Development Research Project,No.CAS-ANSO-SDRP-2024-08National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071153,No.41101119。
文摘Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.
文摘Aclean and upright political environment is fundamental to the vitality and prosperous development of a country,a nation,and a political party.Following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 2012,the Central Committee,with Xi Jinping at its core,prioritized the formulation and implementation of the central leadership's Eight-Point Rule as a key measure to improve Party conduct.In a spirit of thorough self-reform,the CPC has worked hard to eliminate unhealthy tendencies,resolve longstanding problems,and address deeply entrenched issues.This has led to a sweeping renewal of the Party's conduct and government style,while also helping to steadily foster a positive social ethos and public morale.
文摘Uncertainty induced by the political environment affects investment risk, and thus affects investment decisions, which have a close relationship with economic development. This paper investigates the economic cost of political instability using the case study of the tense relationship across-Strait in China. We use a synthetic control method to better model the counterfactual analysis of this case study. The intense situation of the relations across-Strait has great influence on the economic development of Fujian province. Fujian province is the closest province in proximity to Taiwan and also possesses the greatest preferential policies for Taiwan Residents direct investment. The empirical results of this study reveal that during 2001-2008 Fujian province＇s average annual loss in GDP per capita was 682.54 yuan. In other words, GDP per capita in Fujian has declined about 12.1 percent annually during this period compared with GDP per capita as calculated by the synthetic control method.
基金This research is the product of Key Research program of SHISU“Study on the Financial Risk Manegement of China and Foreign Countries”(KX161022022).
文摘Sovereign Wealth Funds established by Middle Eastern countries occupy an important position in world capital markets in terms of size or activity.However,regarding the establishment and operation of the funds,Saudi Arabia pursues a conservative investment strategy as a regional power,which is quite different from other Gulf countries.It is found that the economic conditions in Saudi Arabia,such as money supply,foreign exchange reserves,external debt and domestic economic development,which are generally considered to be the determining factors for the establishment of SWFs,were not favorable compared with those in the other GCC states in the last decades.However,even when those conditions have been improved since the beginning of this century,the performance of SWFs in Saudi Arabia still lags behind compared with other Gulf countries.As the economic indicators of the country will be studied,so will a political analysis be conducted in three specific perspectives:the significance of US dollar reserve for Saudi-US diplomatic relations,the deterioration of political environment of FDI in western countries after 9/11 and a mix of public and private ownership systems brought by the royal family.In the end,one can conclude that Saudi Arabia is a conservative investor on SWFs.
