Objective:To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence,and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.Methods:A mosquito survey was c...Objective:To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence,and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.Methods:A mosquito survey was conducted within the 16 municipalities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah,from November 2022 to October 2023.The characteristics of larval habitats used by all reported species as oviposition sites were determined.Seasonal house,container,and breteau indices were used to determine larval abundance.Results:16 Species belonging to five genera[Aedes(3 spp.),Anopheles(3 spp.),Culex(8 spp.),Culiseta(1 sp.),and Lutzia(1 sp.)]were collected.A total of 185608 potential mosquito larval habitats were surveyed.Of these,95853(67.4%)were Aedes,45522(32%)were Culex,718(0.5%)were Anopheles,and 38(0.03%)were other species;154726(83.4%)were water sources for mosquito larvae,and among these sources,7663(5.0%)were positive for larvae,with 45.9%indoors and 54.1%outdoors.Most of the positive larval habitats were recorded in Al-Shawqiya(1093,14.3%),Al-Sharayia(1003,13.1%)and Al-Umrah(984,12.8%).A total of 142131 mosquito larvae and pupae were collected.The majority number of positive residences for all mosquito larvae was observed in January 2023(1658,21.6%).Conclusions:New appropriate alternatives for vector control are proposed,such as mechanical,biological,and environmental control.展开更多
Magnetic molecules have been proposed as scaffolds for novel quantum technologies,ranging from quantum sensing and quantum memory to multilevel quantum bits(qudits)and fault-tolerant quantum computation.Integration of...Magnetic molecules have been proposed as scaffolds for novel quantum technologies,ranging from quantum sensing and quantum memory to multilevel quantum bits(qudits)and fault-tolerant quantum computation.Integration of magnetic molecules into cutting-edge applications hinges on a deep understanding and tunability of their spin states.To date,the strategic manipulation of the local environment of the ion and careful selection of the magnetic core have enabled the desired tunability and scalability of the spin states.For such goals,however,extracting the anisotropic parameters that dictate the characteristics of the Spin Hamiltonian is challenging,especially for molecules consisting of multiple magnetic cores.We address these challenges by studying two cobalt(II)dinuclear systems,complicated by inherent spin–orbit coupling.We explore the magnetic properties of these systems in two temperature regimes:(i)at sub-Kelvin temperatures employing single crystals at 30 mK using a uniqueμSQUID-EPR technique that examines the microwave absorption peaks in the magnetisation data and their variation with field angle and frequency;and(ii)in bulk employing convectional SQUID magnetometry above 2 K i.e.,χMT(T)and M(H).Unexpectedly,sub-Kelvin temperature investigations reveal a negligible interaction,whereas the SQUID data reveal a much stronger interaction between the Co(II)ions.An understanding of these data is developed based on a strong coupling model and the coupling of two moieties with a spin-effective ground state.展开更多
文摘Objective:To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence,and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.Methods:A mosquito survey was conducted within the 16 municipalities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah,from November 2022 to October 2023.The characteristics of larval habitats used by all reported species as oviposition sites were determined.Seasonal house,container,and breteau indices were used to determine larval abundance.Results:16 Species belonging to five genera[Aedes(3 spp.),Anopheles(3 spp.),Culex(8 spp.),Culiseta(1 sp.),and Lutzia(1 sp.)]were collected.A total of 185608 potential mosquito larval habitats were surveyed.Of these,95853(67.4%)were Aedes,45522(32%)were Culex,718(0.5%)were Anopheles,and 38(0.03%)were other species;154726(83.4%)were water sources for mosquito larvae,and among these sources,7663(5.0%)were positive for larvae,with 45.9%indoors and 54.1%outdoors.Most of the positive larval habitats were recorded in Al-Shawqiya(1093,14.3%),Al-Sharayia(1003,13.1%)and Al-Umrah(984,12.8%).A total of 142131 mosquito larvae and pupae were collected.The majority number of positive residences for all mosquito larvae was observed in January 2023(1658,21.6%).Conclusions:New appropriate alternatives for vector control are proposed,such as mechanical,biological,and environmental control.
基金the DFG-CCR 1573“4f for future”(project B4)and the Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility(KNMF,https://www.kit.edu/knmf)for the provision of access to instruments at their laboratoriesthe Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship for experienced researchers for supportthe German Research Foundation(DFG)for the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Award,ZVN-2020_WE 4458-5。
文摘Magnetic molecules have been proposed as scaffolds for novel quantum technologies,ranging from quantum sensing and quantum memory to multilevel quantum bits(qudits)and fault-tolerant quantum computation.Integration of magnetic molecules into cutting-edge applications hinges on a deep understanding and tunability of their spin states.To date,the strategic manipulation of the local environment of the ion and careful selection of the magnetic core have enabled the desired tunability and scalability of the spin states.For such goals,however,extracting the anisotropic parameters that dictate the characteristics of the Spin Hamiltonian is challenging,especially for molecules consisting of multiple magnetic cores.We address these challenges by studying two cobalt(II)dinuclear systems,complicated by inherent spin–orbit coupling.We explore the magnetic properties of these systems in two temperature regimes:(i)at sub-Kelvin temperatures employing single crystals at 30 mK using a uniqueμSQUID-EPR technique that examines the microwave absorption peaks in the magnetisation data and their variation with field angle and frequency;and(ii)in bulk employing convectional SQUID magnetometry above 2 K i.e.,χMT(T)and M(H).Unexpectedly,sub-Kelvin temperature investigations reveal a negligible interaction,whereas the SQUID data reveal a much stronger interaction between the Co(II)ions.An understanding of these data is developed based on a strong coupling model and the coupling of two moieties with a spin-effective ground state.
