BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and...BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.展开更多
AIM： TO evaluate the association between poly- morphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399GIn and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population. METHODS： Geno...AIM： TO evaluate the association between poly- morphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399GIn and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population. METHODS： Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was carried out on 202 patients with chronic gastritis （CG） and 160 patients with gastric cancer （GC）, matched to 202 （Cl） and 150 （C2） controls, respectively. RESULTS： No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and of XRCC3 codon 241. However, the combined analyses of the three variant alleles （194Trp, 399Gin and 241Met） showed an increased risk for chronic gastritis when compared to the GC group. Moreover, an interaction between the polymorphic alleles and demographic and environmental factors was observed in the CG and GC groups. XRCC1 194Trp was associated with smoking in the CG group, while the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gin and XRCC3 241Met were related with gender, smoking, drinking and Hpylori infection in the CG and GC groups. CONCLUSION： Our results showed no evidence of a rela-tionship between the polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in the Brazilianpopulation, but the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk for chronic gastritis, considered a premalignant lesion. Our data also indicate a gene-environment interaction in the susceptibility to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.展开更多
Chemical modifications of proteins induced by ambient ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen oxides(NOx)are of public health concerns due to their potential to trigger respiratory diseases.The laboratory and environmental exposure ...Chemical modifications of proteins induced by ambient ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen oxides(NOx)are of public health concerns due to their potential to trigger respiratory diseases.The laboratory and environmental exposure systems have been widely used to investigate their relevant mechanism in the atmosphere.Using bovine serum albumin(BSA)as a model protein,we evaluated the two systems and aimed to reduce the uncertainties of both the reactants and products in the corresponding kinetic study.In the laboratory simulation system,the generated gaseous pollutants showed negligible losses.Ten layers of BSA were coated on the flow tube with protein extraction recovery of 87.4%.For environmental exposure experiment,quartz fiber filter was selected as the upper filter with low gaseous O_(3)(8.0%)and NO_(2)(1.7%)losses,and cellulose acetate filter was appropriate for the lower filter with protein extraction efficiency of 95.2%.The protein degradation process was observed without the exposure to atmospheric oxidants and contributed to the loss of protein monomer mass fractions,while environmental factors(e.g.,molecular oxygen and ultraviolet)may cause greater protein monomer losses.Based on the evaluation,the study exemplarily applied the two systems to protein modification and both showed that O_(3) promotes the protein oligomerization and nitration,while increased temperature can accelerate the oligomerization and increased relative humidity can inhibit the nitration in the environmental exposure samples.The developed laboratory and environmental systems are suitable for studying protein modifications formed under different atmospheric conditions.A combination of the two will further reveal the actual mechanism of protein modifications.展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are chlorinated biphenyl compounds with wide applications in the industry.In spite of a ban on their production in the late 1970s,PCBs,as a group of POPs,are still persistent and widely ...Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are chlorinated biphenyl compounds with wide applications in the industry.In spite of a ban on their production in the late 1970s,PCBs,as a group of POPs,are still persistent and widely spread in the environment,posing potential threats to human health.The role of PCBs as etiologic agents for breast cancer has been intensively explored in a variety of in vivo,animal and epidemiologic studies.Initial investigations indicated higher levels of PCBs in mammary tissues or sera corresponded to the occurrence of breast cancer,but later studies showed no positive association between PCB exposure and breast cancer development.More recent data suggested that the CYP1A1 m2 polymorphisms might add increased risk to the etiology of breast cancer in women with environmental exposure to PCBs.PCBs are implicated in advancing breast cancer progression,and our unpublished data reveals that PCBs activate the ROCK signaling to enhance breast cancer metastasis.Therefore,the correlation between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk warrants further careful investigations.展开更多
Environmental exposure directly affects human health—air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases,water pollution causes digestive tract illnesses,and limited green space exposure impacts mental health.Assessing...Environmental exposure directly affects human health—air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases,water pollution causes digestive tract illnesses,and limited green space exposure impacts mental health.Assessing population-level environmental exposure is essential for promoting health and well-being(SDG 3),creating sustainable cities and communities(SDG 11),and reducing inequalities(SDG 10),ultimately providing data support for creating inclusive urban environments.展开更多
Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution...Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution.This paper first presents in detail the environmental exposure and flux of Tl by typical industrial activities utilizing Tl-bearing pyrite minerals to produce sulfuric acid.For this purpose,sequential extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used to investigate total content and geo-chemical partitioning of Tl in raw pyrite ores and solid roasting wastes,thereby uncovering Tl distribution and transformation during the production process.Results showed that some portions of Tl bearing in the minerals went into vapor,which transferred Tl into different processes;and some portions of Tl went into water during the gas washing procedure,leaving some other portions remained in the solid slags.More importantly,detailed investigation revealed that 40% of Tl in the pyrite minerals was active,among which 25% of Tl originally in the pyrite minerals was washed into water during gas cleaning process and 15% of active Tl retained in the slags.The latter portion of active Tl could be possibly transferred to the soil or water with the slag deposal or being reused;and 60% of Tl remained relatively stable in the residual phase.展开更多
China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environme...China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.展开更多
To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,mo...To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.展开更多
Several animal studies indicate that mercury is a male reproductive toxicant, but human studies are few and contradictory. We examined semen characteristics and serum levels of reproductive hormones in relation to env...Several animal studies indicate that mercury is a male reproductive toxicant, but human studies are few and contradictory. We examined semen characteristics and serum levels of reproductive hormones in relation to environmental exposure to mercury. Blood and semen samples were collected from 529 male partners of pregnant women living in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine between May 2002 and February 2004. The median concentration of the total content of mercury in whole blood was 9.2 ng ml-1 in Greenland （0.2- 385.8 ng ml-1）, 1.0 ng m1-1 in Poland （0.2-6.4 ng ml-z） and 1.0 ng ml-I in Ukraine （0.2-4.9 ng ml-1）. We found a significantly positive association between the blood levels of mercury and serum concentration of inhibin B in men from Greenland （p=0.074, 95% confidence interval （CI）=0.021 to 0.126） and in an analysis including men from all three regions （p=0.067, 95% C1=0.024 to O. 110）. The association may be due to beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）, which are contained in seafood and fish. No significant association （P〉O.05） was found between blood concentrations of mercury and any of the other measured semen characteristics （semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, morphology and motility） and reproductive hormones （free androgen index {FAI）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, testosterone and LH xtestosterone） in any region. In conclusion, the findings do not provide evidence that environmental mercury exposure in Greenlandic and European men with median whole blood concentration up to 10 ng m1^-1 has adverse effects on biomarkers of male reproductive health.展开更多
Objective To assess HCH and DDT exposure levels and associated risk factors among 262 children aged 6-10 years in a northeastern rural area of China between April and May of 2008. Methods Eight HCH and DDT metabolites...Objective To assess HCH and DDT exposure levels and associated risk factors among 262 children aged 6-10 years in a northeastern rural area of China between April and May of 2008. Methods Eight HCH and DDT metabolites in serum samples were monitored by gas chromatography. A questionnaire was administered to identify the sources of pesticides in children＇ serum samples. Results At least one pesticide metabolite was detected in 81.7% of the tested children. Higher amounts of pp＇DDD were detected in 50% of them. Children＇s age and their father＇s occupation as farmers, together with not changing work clothes after work, were the main risk factors for HCH and DDT exposure among them. Conclusion Children living in rural areas are experiencing multiple sources of organochlorine pesticide exposure. These pesticides may have been retained in the environment for a long period of time.展开更多
Urineβ_2-microglobulin (β_2-m) was measured in 433 persons with low-level, long-term environmental exposure to Cd, and in 124 control persons from unpolluted area. In 152 of the exposed persons, and some of the cont...Urineβ_2-microglobulin (β_2-m) was measured in 433 persons with low-level, long-term environmental exposure to Cd, and in 124 control persons from unpolluted area. In 152 of the exposed persons, and some of the controls, the urine β-m exceeded the limit. Of the 433 exposed persons, 74 cases with both urine Cd and β_2-m exceeding the limit were matched by the control. This study suggests that after the stratification of the degrees of renal tubular injury according to the fractional β_2-m excretion (FE β_2-m) and coordination of clinical examination, FE β_2-m could contribute to identifying renal tubular dysfunction due to Cd exposure and kidney lesion when both Cd exposure and original nephropathy exist.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To assess toxicities of the air in Chinese medicine clinics polluted by moxa-burning smoke due to moxibustion-derived burning products （MBP）. METHODS： Both acute and chronic toxicity studies were conduc...OBJECTIVE： To assess toxicities of the air in Chinese medicine clinics polluted by moxa-burning smoke due to moxibustion-derived burning products （MBP）. METHODS： Both acute and chronic toxicity studies were conducted. For the acute toxicity study, five groups of Wistar rats （n = 16/group, male： female = 1 ： 1） were exposed to five different concentrations （95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 75%, respectively） of MBP for 2 h. For the chronic toxicity study, another three groups of male rats （n = 21/group） were ex- posed to MBP in three concentrations （10%, 40% and 70%, respectively） and one control group ex- posed to clean air 20 min/d for 144 d. Routine ex- aminations were performed and analyzed by analy- sis of variance and dose-response relationship. RESULTS： In the acute toxicity study, the number of dead rats in the 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 75% groups were 16, 13, 7, 6 LDS0 of 86.274% after or and 3, respectively, with during the 2 h exposure. In the chronic toxicity study, MBP exposure induced a decline in activity of the rats. Rats in the 10% group showed no signs of toxicity, while those in the 40% MBP group showed toxicity effects on the body weights （P 〈 0.05） and lung. Rats in the 70% MBP group also presented with reversible damage in the blood coagulation system （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Exposure to 10% MBP, which is equivalent to 27.45 mg/m^3 was under the critical threshold for male rats＇safety. Exposure to MBP above that limit induced lung damage. MBP in clinics need to be reduced to a safe level with enhanced ventilation.展开更多
Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants,contaminating air,soil,and water via the erosion of natural deposits,as well as originating from anthropogenic sources,such as agriculture,industries,transportation...Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants,contaminating air,soil,and water via the erosion of natural deposits,as well as originating from anthropogenic sources,such as agriculture,industries,transportation,and landfills.The increasing utilization of heavy metals over the years,combined with the persistent nature of metals in the environment poses a direct threat to human and environment health.Although regulatory limits have been established for toxic metals,assessing the associated health risks using real-life exposure scenarios remains challenging.In this review,we summarize the development and use of in vitro models based two-and three-dimensional cell culture systems,focusing on exposure to heavy metals via the dermal,inhalation,and ingestion routes using environmental samples.We also highlight recent developments in three-dimensional cell culture techniques and their potential for implementation in evaluating environmental samples for heavy metal toxicity.In addition,we assess the comparative strengths and specific applications of different modeling approaches,emphasizing the value of integrating advanced in vitro systems in environmental toxicology.展开更多
Environmental enrichment(EE)is a significant approach to influencing brain function by altering the environment and changing living conditions and has been shown to modulate mood-related diseases,including depression....Environmental enrichment(EE)is a significant approach to influencing brain function by altering the environment and changing living conditions and has been shown to modulate mood-related diseases,including depression.Among the elderly,depression is particularly prevalent and is often linked to social isolation.However,the specific role of EE in social isolation-related geriatric depression remains imprecise.This study was intended to explore the status of EE exposure in geriatric depression and to uncover its underlying mechanisms.We utilized 19-month-old male C57BL/6J mice,which are equivalent to humans aged 50−60 years,and induced depression through social isolation.After 2 weeks of social isolation,mice were identified as depressive by using the sugar preference test and then classified into either standard or enrichment environment groups for 4 weeks.Subsequently,conventional indices associated with depression,including neurogenesis,neurotrophic factors,and neuroinflammation,were measured.Results display that EE alleviated the depressive-like symptoms in elderly mice and enriched their social activities.Concurrently,EE regulated levels of certain neurotransmitters in the hippocampus,including the systems of glutamate,tyrosine,and histamine.Moreover,the ability of neurogenesis also increased in the hippocampus of EE mice.At the neuroinflammation level,the activation of Natural Killer(NK)cells and ARG1^(+)microglia is considered a major contributor to mediating the effects of EEregulated geriatric depression.Collectively,these results underline the importance of EE in the treatment of geriatric depression and partially elucidate its underlying mechanism,offering valuable suggestions for treating social isolation--related depression via environmental modulation.展开更多
Malignant testicular germ cell tumors （TGCT） are the most frequent cancers in Caucasian males （20-40 years） with an 70% increasing incidence the last 20 years, probably due to combined action of （epi）genetic and...Malignant testicular germ cell tumors （TGCT） are the most frequent cancers in Caucasian males （20-40 years） with an 70% increasing incidence the last 20 years, probably due to combined action of （epi）genetic and （micro）environmental factors. It is expected that TGCT have carcinoma in situ （CIS） as their common precursor, originating from an embryonic germ cell blocked in its maturation process. The overall cure rate of TGCT is more than 90%, however, men surviving TGCT can present long-term side effects of systemic cancer treatment. In contrast, men diagnosed and treated for CIS only continue to live without these long-term side effects. Therefore, early detection of CIS has great health benefits, which will require an informative screening method. This review described the etiology and early pathogenesis of TGCT, as well as the possibilities of early detection and future potential of screening men at risk for TGCT. For screening, a well-defined risk profile based on both genetic and environmental risk factors is needed. Since 2009, several genome wide association studies （GWAS） have been published, reporting on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） with significant associations in or near the genes KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, ATF71P, HPGDS, MAD1L1, RFWD3, TEX14, and PPMIE, likely to be related to TGCT development. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental factors also influence the onset of CIS. A noninvasive early detection method for CIS would be highly beneficial in a clinical setting, for which specific miRNA detection in semen seems to be very promising. Further research is needed to develop a well-defined TGCT risk profile, based on gene-environment interactions, combined with noninvasive detection method for CIS.展开更多
Additive manufacturing or three dimensional(3D)printing is a promising technique for producing complex geometries and high precision structures from various types of materials.The technique was particularly developed ...Additive manufacturing or three dimensional(3D)printing is a promising technique for producing complex geometries and high precision structures from various types of materials.The technique was particularly developed for polymer materials such as acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene(ABS)and found its way to different industries such as aerospace,automotive,electronics,medicine and construction.However,during service in outdoor environments,3D printed polymer structures are exposed to different environmental conditions such as UV radiation and moisture,causing a significant degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the structures.This study offers a novel method to improve durability of 3D printed polymer structures against accelerated environmental conditions by deposition of a metallic thin film(i.e.copper)on the structural surface.ABS specimens are 3D printed using fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique and metalized via DC magnetron sputtering.The characterization of durability of 3D printed ABS specimens in outdoor environments is carried out by monitoring flexural properties and microstructure of samples over the course of exposure in a controlled environmental chamber.展开更多
Early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has seen an alarming rise worldwide over the past two decades.The reason for this global trend is poorly understood.EOCRC appears to have its own unique clinical and molecular featu...Early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has seen an alarming rise worldwide over the past two decades.The reason for this global trend is poorly understood.EOCRC appears to have its own unique clinical and molecular features when compared with late-onset colorectal cancer.Younger patients appear to have more distal or rectal disease,a more advanced stage of disease at presentation,and more unfavorable histological features.Identifying risk factors for EOCRC is the first step in mitigating the rising burden of this disease.Here we summarize several noteworthy biological factors and environmental exposures that are postulated to be responsible culprits.This can hopefully translate in clinical practice to the development of better risk stratification tool for identifying highrisk individuals for early colorectal cancer screening,and identifying areas needed for further research to curb this rising trend.展开更多
Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials（MCNs） is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research ...Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials（MCNs） is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.展开更多
The population of a neighborhood in the city of Córdoba presents general irritant symptoms since a bioethanol distillery began to operate there, from which formaldehyde, toluene, xylene mainly emanate. At the req...The population of a neighborhood in the city of Córdoba presents general irritant symptoms since a bioethanol distillery began to operate there, from which formaldehyde, toluene, xylene mainly emanate. At the request of the community, collective environmental health was evaluated with a cross-sectional study of prevalence of these conditions. 53% of the residents reported respiratory disorders, conjunctivitis 31%, headaches 27%, dermatitis 23% and dyspepsia 22%. 57% of children aged 6 - 7 use bronchodilators (an indicator of asthma). 66% of the population has one of these conditions, 46% has two and 26% has three;children are the most affected. The results coincide with the Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome in that it is reproducible by repeated chemical exposure, is chronic and does not improve without eliminating exposure, affecting multiple organs and systems. 14.8% of newborns feature malformations, while in the rest of the city, only 1.7% did. Similar to the Sick Building Syndrome, the collective health picture found suggests a “Sick Neighborhood Syndrome”.展开更多
China,home to over 250 million children,has witnessed remarkable economic development in recent decades,successfully addressing many issues related to basic hygiene and sanitation in children,thereby altering the chil...China,home to over 250 million children,has witnessed remarkable economic development in recent decades,successfully addressing many issues related to basic hygiene and sanitation in children,thereby altering the childhood disease spectrum.However,the emergence of environment-related disorders among children has become a significant concern.Despite the rapid accumulation of scientific knowledge on the adverse effects of environmental pollution on child health,the availability of children-specific protective strategies and actions remains alarmingly low.This commentary synthesizes the information and viewpoints presented and discussed by experts at the International Forum on Children's Environmental Health in China.It summarizes the strategies and actions proposed to reduce adverse environmental exposure and protect children's short-and long-term health and a call for more children-centered evidence-action transformation.The following four specific actions were proposed:(1)strengthen health education in parents,caregivers,and children,and personal protection for children;(2)monitor child exposure and environment-related health status;(3)set up child-specific interventions and regulations;and(4)conduct more research on environment exposures and child health.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
文摘AIM： TO evaluate the association between poly- morphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399GIn and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population. METHODS： Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was carried out on 202 patients with chronic gastritis （CG） and 160 patients with gastric cancer （GC）, matched to 202 （Cl） and 150 （C2） controls, respectively. RESULTS： No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and of XRCC3 codon 241. However, the combined analyses of the three variant alleles （194Trp, 399Gin and 241Met） showed an increased risk for chronic gastritis when compared to the GC group. Moreover, an interaction between the polymorphic alleles and demographic and environmental factors was observed in the CG and GC groups. XRCC1 194Trp was associated with smoking in the CG group, while the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gin and XRCC3 241Met were related with gender, smoking, drinking and Hpylori infection in the CG and GC groups. CONCLUSION： Our results showed no evidence of a rela-tionship between the polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in the Brazilianpopulation, but the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk for chronic gastritis, considered a premalignant lesion. Our data also indicate a gene-environment interaction in the susceptibility to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41975156,41675119)。
文摘Chemical modifications of proteins induced by ambient ozone(O_(3))and nitrogen oxides(NOx)are of public health concerns due to their potential to trigger respiratory diseases.The laboratory and environmental exposure systems have been widely used to investigate their relevant mechanism in the atmosphere.Using bovine serum albumin(BSA)as a model protein,we evaluated the two systems and aimed to reduce the uncertainties of both the reactants and products in the corresponding kinetic study.In the laboratory simulation system,the generated gaseous pollutants showed negligible losses.Ten layers of BSA were coated on the flow tube with protein extraction recovery of 87.4%.For environmental exposure experiment,quartz fiber filter was selected as the upper filter with low gaseous O_(3)(8.0%)and NO_(2)(1.7%)losses,and cellulose acetate filter was appropriate for the lower filter with protein extraction efficiency of 95.2%.The protein degradation process was observed without the exposure to atmospheric oxidants and contributed to the loss of protein monomer mass fractions,while environmental factors(e.g.,molecular oxygen and ultraviolet)may cause greater protein monomer losses.Based on the evaluation,the study exemplarily applied the two systems to protein modification and both showed that O_(3) promotes the protein oligomerization and nitration,while increased temperature can accelerate the oligomerization and increased relative humidity can inhibit the nitration in the environmental exposure samples.The developed laboratory and environmental systems are suitable for studying protein modifications formed under different atmospheric conditions.A combination of the two will further reveal the actual mechanism of protein modifications.
基金support from the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20921063)
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are chlorinated biphenyl compounds with wide applications in the industry.In spite of a ban on their production in the late 1970s,PCBs,as a group of POPs,are still persistent and widely spread in the environment,posing potential threats to human health.The role of PCBs as etiologic agents for breast cancer has been intensively explored in a variety of in vivo,animal and epidemiologic studies.Initial investigations indicated higher levels of PCBs in mammary tissues or sera corresponded to the occurrence of breast cancer,but later studies showed no positive association between PCB exposure and breast cancer development.More recent data suggested that the CYP1A1 m2 polymorphisms might add increased risk to the etiology of breast cancer in women with environmental exposure to PCBs.PCBs are implicated in advancing breast cancer progression,and our unpublished data reveals that PCBs activate the ROCK signaling to enhance breast cancer metastasis.Therefore,the correlation between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk warrants further careful investigations.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council:General Research Fund(14605920,14611621,14606922,and 14603724)Collaborative Research Fund(C4023-20GF)+1 种基金Research Matching Grants(RMG 8601219 and 8601242)the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Research Grants Council Funding Schemes(3133235)of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
文摘Environmental exposure directly affects human health—air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases,water pollution causes digestive tract illnesses,and limited green space exposure impacts mental health.Assessing population-level environmental exposure is essential for promoting health and well-being(SDG 3),creating sustainable cities and communities(SDG 11),and reducing inequalities(SDG 10),ultimately providing data support for creating inclusive urban environments.
基金supported by the United Sponsorship of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Guangdong Provincial Government(Grant No.U0633001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20477007)the Guangdong Provincial Sponsorship for Key Science and Technology(Grant No.2004A3038002)
文摘Thallium(Tl) is a typical toxic heavy metal,with higher toxicity to mammals than Hg,Cd,and Pb.Accurate assessments of its environmental exposure and flux are central to effective management and control of Tl pollution.This paper first presents in detail the environmental exposure and flux of Tl by typical industrial activities utilizing Tl-bearing pyrite minerals to produce sulfuric acid.For this purpose,sequential extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) were used to investigate total content and geo-chemical partitioning of Tl in raw pyrite ores and solid roasting wastes,thereby uncovering Tl distribution and transformation during the production process.Results showed that some portions of Tl bearing in the minerals went into vapor,which transferred Tl into different processes;and some portions of Tl went into water during the gas washing procedure,leaving some other portions remained in the solid slags.More importantly,detailed investigation revealed that 40% of Tl in the pyrite minerals was active,among which 25% of Tl originally in the pyrite minerals was washed into water during gas cleaning process and 15% of active Tl retained in the slags.The latter portion of active Tl could be possibly transferred to the soil or water with the slag deposal or being reused;and 60% of Tl remained relatively stable in the residual phase.
基金funding from various sources,including the Zhejiang Province Health Innovative Talent Project(A0466)the International Cooperation Seed Program of Women’s Hospital,Zhejiang University(GH2022B008-01 and GH2024005)+3 种基金the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)Centre for Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Study of Environmental Risks(AI4ER,EP/S022961/1)the Start-up Grant from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore(NUHSRO/2024/045/Startup/06),and the US-China Fulbright Program.
文摘China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.
基金supported by grants from the Hong Kong Re-search Grants Council(General Research Fund Grants No.14605920,14611621,14606922,14603724Collaborative Research Fund Grant No.C4023-20GF+3 种基金Research Matching Grants RMG 8601219,8601242,3110151)RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship No.PDFS2425-4H01)a grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Re-search Grants Council Funding Schemes(Grant No.3133235)of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)grant from the Vice-Chancellor’s One-offDiscretionary Fund(Smart and Sustainable Cities:City of Commons)(4930787)of CUHK.
文摘To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.
文摘Several animal studies indicate that mercury is a male reproductive toxicant, but human studies are few and contradictory. We examined semen characteristics and serum levels of reproductive hormones in relation to environmental exposure to mercury. Blood and semen samples were collected from 529 male partners of pregnant women living in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine between May 2002 and February 2004. The median concentration of the total content of mercury in whole blood was 9.2 ng ml-1 in Greenland （0.2- 385.8 ng ml-1）, 1.0 ng m1-1 in Poland （0.2-6.4 ng ml-z） and 1.0 ng ml-I in Ukraine （0.2-4.9 ng ml-1）. We found a significantly positive association between the blood levels of mercury and serum concentration of inhibin B in men from Greenland （p=0.074, 95% confidence interval （CI）=0.021 to 0.126） and in an analysis including men from all three regions （p=0.067, 95% C1=0.024 to O. 110）. The association may be due to beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs）, which are contained in seafood and fish. No significant association （P〉O.05） was found between blood concentrations of mercury and any of the other measured semen characteristics （semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, morphology and motility） and reproductive hormones （free androgen index {FAI）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, testosterone and LH xtestosterone） in any region. In conclusion, the findings do not provide evidence that environmental mercury exposure in Greenlandic and European men with median whole blood concentration up to 10 ng m1^-1 has adverse effects on biomarkers of male reproductive health.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Returning Overseas Students,Harbin City Technological Innovation Research Project(Grant No.2008RFLXS010)Scientific Research Foundation in Department of Health of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No. 2009-352).
文摘Objective To assess HCH and DDT exposure levels and associated risk factors among 262 children aged 6-10 years in a northeastern rural area of China between April and May of 2008. Methods Eight HCH and DDT metabolites in serum samples were monitored by gas chromatography. A questionnaire was administered to identify the sources of pesticides in children＇ serum samples. Results At least one pesticide metabolite was detected in 81.7% of the tested children. Higher amounts of pp＇DDD were detected in 50% of them. Children＇s age and their father＇s occupation as farmers, together with not changing work clothes after work, were the main risk factors for HCH and DDT exposure among them. Conclusion Children living in rural areas are experiencing multiple sources of organochlorine pesticide exposure. These pesticides may have been retained in the environment for a long period of time.
文摘Urineβ_2-microglobulin (β_2-m) was measured in 433 persons with low-level, long-term environmental exposure to Cd, and in 124 control persons from unpolluted area. In 152 of the exposed persons, and some of the controls, the urine β-m exceeded the limit. Of the 433 exposed persons, 74 cases with both urine Cd and β_2-m exceeding the limit were matched by the control. This study suggests that after the stratification of the degrees of renal tubular injury according to the fractional β_2-m excretion (FE β_2-m) and coordination of clinical examination, FE β_2-m could contribute to identifying renal tubular dysfunction due to Cd exposure and kidney lesion when both Cd exposure and original nephropathy exist.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:effect of Moxibustion on"Longevity Gene"SIRT1 Regulation in Aged Mice(No.81403449)NSFC Project:effect of Moxibustion and its Therapeutic Factors on Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Apotosis Pathyway in APP/PS1Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model(No.8157-4068)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program):the Study of Components and Mecha-nisms of Artemisia and the Product and Moxibustion and Safety Evaluation(No.2009CB522906)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To assess toxicities of the air in Chinese medicine clinics polluted by moxa-burning smoke due to moxibustion-derived burning products （MBP）. METHODS： Both acute and chronic toxicity studies were conducted. For the acute toxicity study, five groups of Wistar rats （n = 16/group, male： female = 1 ： 1） were exposed to five different concentrations （95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 75%, respectively） of MBP for 2 h. For the chronic toxicity study, another three groups of male rats （n = 21/group） were ex- posed to MBP in three concentrations （10%, 40% and 70%, respectively） and one control group ex- posed to clean air 20 min/d for 144 d. Routine ex- aminations were performed and analyzed by analy- sis of variance and dose-response relationship. RESULTS： In the acute toxicity study, the number of dead rats in the 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 75% groups were 16, 13, 7, 6 LDS0 of 86.274% after or and 3, respectively, with during the 2 h exposure. In the chronic toxicity study, MBP exposure induced a decline in activity of the rats. Rats in the 10% group showed no signs of toxicity, while those in the 40% MBP group showed toxicity effects on the body weights （P 〈 0.05） and lung. Rats in the 70% MBP group also presented with reversible damage in the blood coagulation system （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Exposure to 10% MBP, which is equivalent to 27.45 mg/m^3 was under the critical threshold for male rats＇safety. Exposure to MBP above that limit induced lung damage. MBP in clinics need to be reduced to a safe level with enhanced ventilation.
基金Great Lakes Research Center(GLRC)at Michigan Technological University.This manuscript is Contribution No.130 of the GLRCsupported by an NSF REU site award(2050739)for some part of this work.
文摘Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants,contaminating air,soil,and water via the erosion of natural deposits,as well as originating from anthropogenic sources,such as agriculture,industries,transportation,and landfills.The increasing utilization of heavy metals over the years,combined with the persistent nature of metals in the environment poses a direct threat to human and environment health.Although regulatory limits have been established for toxic metals,assessing the associated health risks using real-life exposure scenarios remains challenging.In this review,we summarize the development and use of in vitro models based two-and three-dimensional cell culture systems,focusing on exposure to heavy metals via the dermal,inhalation,and ingestion routes using environmental samples.We also highlight recent developments in three-dimensional cell culture techniques and their potential for implementation in evaluating environmental samples for heavy metal toxicity.In addition,we assess the comparative strengths and specific applications of different modeling approaches,emphasizing the value of integrating advanced in vitro systems in environmental toxicology.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073520)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program and Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission o f Education(KZ201810025032)the Support Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-year Plan(CIT&TCD 20170323).
文摘Environmental enrichment(EE)is a significant approach to influencing brain function by altering the environment and changing living conditions and has been shown to modulate mood-related diseases,including depression.Among the elderly,depression is particularly prevalent and is often linked to social isolation.However,the specific role of EE in social isolation-related geriatric depression remains imprecise.This study was intended to explore the status of EE exposure in geriatric depression and to uncover its underlying mechanisms.We utilized 19-month-old male C57BL/6J mice,which are equivalent to humans aged 50−60 years,and induced depression through social isolation.After 2 weeks of social isolation,mice were identified as depressive by using the sugar preference test and then classified into either standard or enrichment environment groups for 4 weeks.Subsequently,conventional indices associated with depression,including neurogenesis,neurotrophic factors,and neuroinflammation,were measured.Results display that EE alleviated the depressive-like symptoms in elderly mice and enriched their social activities.Concurrently,EE regulated levels of certain neurotransmitters in the hippocampus,including the systems of glutamate,tyrosine,and histamine.Moreover,the ability of neurogenesis also increased in the hippocampus of EE mice.At the neuroinflammation level,the activation of Natural Killer(NK)cells and ARG1^(+)microglia is considered a major contributor to mediating the effects of EEregulated geriatric depression.Collectively,these results underline the importance of EE in the treatment of geriatric depression and partially elucidate its underlying mechanism,offering valuable suggestions for treating social isolation--related depression via environmental modulation.
文摘Malignant testicular germ cell tumors （TGCT） are the most frequent cancers in Caucasian males （20-40 years） with an 70% increasing incidence the last 20 years, probably due to combined action of （epi）genetic and （micro）environmental factors. It is expected that TGCT have carcinoma in situ （CIS） as their common precursor, originating from an embryonic germ cell blocked in its maturation process. The overall cure rate of TGCT is more than 90%, however, men surviving TGCT can present long-term side effects of systemic cancer treatment. In contrast, men diagnosed and treated for CIS only continue to live without these long-term side effects. Therefore, early detection of CIS has great health benefits, which will require an informative screening method. This review described the etiology and early pathogenesis of TGCT, as well as the possibilities of early detection and future potential of screening men at risk for TGCT. For screening, a well-defined risk profile based on both genetic and environmental risk factors is needed. Since 2009, several genome wide association studies （GWAS） have been published, reporting on single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） with significant associations in or near the genes KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, DMRT1, TERT, ATF71P, HPGDS, MAD1L1, RFWD3, TEX14, and PPMIE, likely to be related to TGCT development. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental factors also influence the onset of CIS. A noninvasive early detection method for CIS would be highly beneficial in a clinical setting, for which specific miRNA detection in semen seems to be very promising. Further research is needed to develop a well-defined TGCT risk profile, based on gene-environment interactions, combined with noninvasive detection method for CIS.
基金Provost Office at Mercer University for SEED grant。
文摘Additive manufacturing or three dimensional(3D)printing is a promising technique for producing complex geometries and high precision structures from various types of materials.The technique was particularly developed for polymer materials such as acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene(ABS)and found its way to different industries such as aerospace,automotive,electronics,medicine and construction.However,during service in outdoor environments,3D printed polymer structures are exposed to different environmental conditions such as UV radiation and moisture,causing a significant degradation in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the structures.This study offers a novel method to improve durability of 3D printed polymer structures against accelerated environmental conditions by deposition of a metallic thin film(i.e.copper)on the structural surface.ABS specimens are 3D printed using fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique and metalized via DC magnetron sputtering.The characterization of durability of 3D printed ABS specimens in outdoor environments is carried out by monitoring flexural properties and microstructure of samples over the course of exposure in a controlled environmental chamber.
文摘Early-onset colorectal cancer(EOCRC)has seen an alarming rise worldwide over the past two decades.The reason for this global trend is poorly understood.EOCRC appears to have its own unique clinical and molecular features when compared with late-onset colorectal cancer.Younger patients appear to have more distal or rectal disease,a more advanced stage of disease at presentation,and more unfavorable histological features.Identifying risk factors for EOCRC is the first step in mitigating the rising burden of this disease.Here we summarize several noteworthy biological factors and environmental exposures that are postulated to be responsible culprits.This can hopefully translate in clinical practice to the development of better risk stratification tool for identifying highrisk individuals for early colorectal cancer screening,and identifying areas needed for further research to curb this rising trend.
基金supported by a grant under the National“973”program(No.2014CB932000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB14000000)+2 种基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21425731 and 21637004)National Science Foundation No.CBET-1604119(Yi Y.Zuo)the Leahi Fund to Treat&Prevent Pulmonary Diseases#16ADVC-78729 from the Hawaii Community Foundation(Yi Y.Zuo)
文摘Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials（MCNs） is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.
文摘The population of a neighborhood in the city of Córdoba presents general irritant symptoms since a bioethanol distillery began to operate there, from which formaldehyde, toluene, xylene mainly emanate. At the request of the community, collective environmental health was evaluated with a cross-sectional study of prevalence of these conditions. 53% of the residents reported respiratory disorders, conjunctivitis 31%, headaches 27%, dermatitis 23% and dyspepsia 22%. 57% of children aged 6 - 7 use bronchodilators (an indicator of asthma). 66% of the population has one of these conditions, 46% has two and 26% has three;children are the most affected. The results coincide with the Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome in that it is reproducible by repeated chemical exposure, is chronic and does not improve without eliminating exposure, affecting multiple organs and systems. 14.8% of newborns feature malformations, while in the rest of the city, only 1.7% did. Similar to the Sick Building Syndrome, the collective health picture found suggests a “Sick Neighborhood Syndrome”.
基金partly supported by UNICEF ChinaShanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘China,home to over 250 million children,has witnessed remarkable economic development in recent decades,successfully addressing many issues related to basic hygiene and sanitation in children,thereby altering the childhood disease spectrum.However,the emergence of environment-related disorders among children has become a significant concern.Despite the rapid accumulation of scientific knowledge on the adverse effects of environmental pollution on child health,the availability of children-specific protective strategies and actions remains alarmingly low.This commentary synthesizes the information and viewpoints presented and discussed by experts at the International Forum on Children's Environmental Health in China.It summarizes the strategies and actions proposed to reduce adverse environmental exposure and protect children's short-and long-term health and a call for more children-centered evidence-action transformation.The following four specific actions were proposed:(1)strengthen health education in parents,caregivers,and children,and personal protection for children;(2)monitor child exposure and environment-related health status;(3)set up child-specific interventions and regulations;and(4)conduct more research on environment exposures and child health.
