Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuha...Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.展开更多
This study was devoted for preparing zein-pea protein-pectin ternary nanoparticles through an alcohol-free pH-shifting method for the delivery of astaxanthin(Ax).The complexation of zein and pea protein(PP)in the weig...This study was devoted for preparing zein-pea protein-pectin ternary nanoparticles through an alcohol-free pH-shifting method for the delivery of astaxanthin(Ax).The complexation of zein and pea protein(PP)in the weight ratio range of 1:2.5 to 1.2:1 maintained the dispersity at pH 7.0 with the average particle size of 90.47-132.38 nm and the polydispersity index of 0.204-0.245.The circular dichroism,fluorescence,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other analyses indicated that the zein interacted with PP to form a composite structure through the folding action of protein structure in the process of pH reduction driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces.The incorporation of pectin(pec)further enhanced the physicochemical stability of the nanoparticles.The optimal weight ratio of zein/PP/pec was 2:4:3,and the encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin reached 94.22%.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the astaxanthin was amorphous after embedding.Compared with Ax/zein-PP,the Ax/zein-PP-pec showed better colloidal stability under the conditions of wide pH range(4.0-8.0),high temperature(90℃),long time ultraviolet light treatment,and 15-day storage.These results indicated that the construction of the zein-PP-pec nanoparticles could be used as a low environment-sensitive nanocarrier for the loading,protection,and delivery of hydrophobic functional substances such as astaxanthin.展开更多
The environment-sensitive fracture behaviour of 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel in boiling 42% MgCl_2 under the specific load of low frequency and high mean stress was inves- tigated from the relations and diffe...The environment-sensitive fracture behaviour of 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel in boiling 42% MgCl_2 under the specific load of low frequency and high mean stress was inves- tigated from the relations and differences of crack growth rates and fractographs between stress corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking.The interaction between stress corro- sion cracking and corrosion fatigue was also studied from fracture characteristics with empha- sis on the effects of applied potential on the interaction.展开更多
Imaging dynamics of membrane proteins of live cells in a wash-free and real-time manner has been a challenging task. Herein, we report unprecedented applications of malachite green(MG), an organic dye widely used in p...Imaging dynamics of membrane proteins of live cells in a wash-free and real-time manner has been a challenging task. Herein, we report unprecedented applications of malachite green(MG), an organic dye widely used in pigment industry, as a switchable fluorophore to monitor membrane enzymes or noncatalytic proteins in live cells. Conformationally flexible MG is non-fluorescent in aqueous solution, yet covalent binding with endogenous proteins of cells significantly enhances its fluorescence at 670 nm by restricting flexibility of dye. Integrating a phosphate-caged quinone methide precursor with MG yielded a covalent labeling fluorogenic probe, allowing real-time imaging of membrane alkaline phosphatase(ALP,a model catalytic protein) activity in live cells with over 100-fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity.Moreover, MG is also applicable to image non-catalytic protein by conjugation with protein-specific ligand. A fluorogenic probe consisted of c-RGDf K peptide and MG proved to be compatible with wash-free and real-time visualization of non-catalytic integrin α_(v)β_(3) in live cells with high contrast.展开更多
The male sterility(MS)line is a prerequisite for efficient production of hybrid seeds in rice,a self-pollinating species.MS line breeding is pivotal for hybrid rice improvement.Understanding the historical breeding tr...The male sterility(MS)line is a prerequisite for efficient production of hybrid seeds in rice,a self-pollinating species.MS line breeding is pivotal for hybrid rice improvement.Understanding the historical breeding tra-jectory will help to improve hybrid rice breeding strategies.Maternally inherited cytoplasm is an appro-priate tool for phylogenetic reconstruction and pedigree tracing in rice hybrids.In this study,we analyzed the cytoplasmic genomes of 1495 elite hybrid rice varieties and identified five major types of cytoplasm,which correspond to different hybrid production systems.As the cytoplasm donors for hybrids,461 MS lines were also divided into five major types based on cytoplasmic and nuclear genomic architecture.Spe-cific core accessions cooperating with different fertility-associated genes drove the sequence divergence of MS lines.Dozens to hundreds of convergent and divergent selective sweeps spanning several agro-nomic trait-associated genes were identified among different types of MS lines.We further analyzed the cross patterns between different types of MS lines and their corresponding restorers.This study system-atically analyzed the cytoplasmic genomes of rice hybrids revealed their relationships with nuclear ge-nomes of MS lines,and illustrated the trajectory of hybrid rice breeding and the strategies for breeding different types of MS lines providing new insights for future improvement of hybrid rice.展开更多
Hydrophobic fluorescence:Tan and his colleagues recently introduced a brand new chemotype of environment-sensitive fluorescent turn-on probes to detect the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain by using SBD fluorophore.Th...Hydrophobic fluorescence:Tan and his colleagues recently introduced a brand new chemotype of environment-sensitive fluorescent turn-on probes to detect the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain by using SBD fluorophore.The design strategy described in this report generalized the environment sensitivity turn-on mechanism to recognize a specific protein,which provides a robust breakthrough for interchanging fluorescence in conventional small-molecule fluorescent imaging.展开更多
文摘Eight indica ( Oryza sativa L.) environment-sensitive genic male-sterile (EGMS) lines, 2-2S, K1405S, F131S, 2136S, Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, GD-IS and N17S, were sequentially seeded with 10-15 d interval at three sites, Wuhan in 1997, Guiyang in 1997 and Sanya in 1997 and 1998, China. The results of investigations on self-sterilities showed that all of eight EGMS lines had stable sterile periods of longer than 30 d at Wuhan. They can be used for seed production of two-line hybrid rice, but can not reproduce themselves. Their stable sterile periods were shorter than 30 d at Guiyang, they can reproduce themselves and can not be used for hybrid seed production. In Sanya, their stable sterile periods were longer than 150 d, all of eight lines can be used for seed production in summer and autumn and reproduce themselves in winter. The fertility of all eight lines were sensitive to temperature. The sensitive stages, sensitive duration and critical point of temperatures (CPT) of fertility alteration in various lines were different. The sensitive stages of 2-2S and K1405S were from 18 d to 9 d before heading, the sensitive durations were 7-10 d and the CPTs were 23.7-24.5 degreesC. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of F131S were from 17 to 5 d before heading, 13 d and 24.3-24.7 degreesC, respectively. The sensitive stage, sensitive duration and CPT of 2136S were from 18 to 12 d before heading, 7 d and 24.6-25.1 degreesC:, respectively. The sensitive stages, sensitive durations of Pei-Ai 64S, 1290S, N17S and GD-1S were from 24 to 13 d before heading and 10-13 d. And their CPTs were 24.6-25.1 degreesC, 25.5-26.2 degreesC, 25.4-26.1 degreesC,, and 24.1-24.7 degreesC, respectively.
基金All authors acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272244)program of“Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province”.
文摘This study was devoted for preparing zein-pea protein-pectin ternary nanoparticles through an alcohol-free pH-shifting method for the delivery of astaxanthin(Ax).The complexation of zein and pea protein(PP)in the weight ratio range of 1:2.5 to 1.2:1 maintained the dispersity at pH 7.0 with the average particle size of 90.47-132.38 nm and the polydispersity index of 0.204-0.245.The circular dichroism,fluorescence,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other analyses indicated that the zein interacted with PP to form a composite structure through the folding action of protein structure in the process of pH reduction driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic forces.The incorporation of pectin(pec)further enhanced the physicochemical stability of the nanoparticles.The optimal weight ratio of zein/PP/pec was 2:4:3,and the encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin reached 94.22%.The X-ray diffraction results showed that the astaxanthin was amorphous after embedding.Compared with Ax/zein-PP,the Ax/zein-PP-pec showed better colloidal stability under the conditions of wide pH range(4.0-8.0),high temperature(90℃),long time ultraviolet light treatment,and 15-day storage.These results indicated that the construction of the zein-PP-pec nanoparticles could be used as a low environment-sensitive nanocarrier for the loading,protection,and delivery of hydrophobic functional substances such as astaxanthin.
文摘The environment-sensitive fracture behaviour of 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel in boiling 42% MgCl_2 under the specific load of low frequency and high mean stress was inves- tigated from the relations and differences of crack growth rates and fractographs between stress corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking.The interaction between stress corro- sion cracking and corrosion fatigue was also studied from fracture characteristics with empha- sis on the effects of applied potential on the interaction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22077031)the Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineeringthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Imaging dynamics of membrane proteins of live cells in a wash-free and real-time manner has been a challenging task. Herein, we report unprecedented applications of malachite green(MG), an organic dye widely used in pigment industry, as a switchable fluorophore to monitor membrane enzymes or noncatalytic proteins in live cells. Conformationally flexible MG is non-fluorescent in aqueous solution, yet covalent binding with endogenous proteins of cells significantly enhances its fluorescence at 670 nm by restricting flexibility of dye. Integrating a phosphate-caged quinone methide precursor with MG yielded a covalent labeling fluorogenic probe, allowing real-time imaging of membrane alkaline phosphatase(ALP,a model catalytic protein) activity in live cells with over 100-fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity.Moreover, MG is also applicable to image non-catalytic protein by conjugation with protein-specific ligand. A fluorogenic probe consisted of c-RGDf K peptide and MG proved to be compatible with wash-free and real-time visualization of non-catalytic integrin α_(v)β_(3) in live cells with high contrast.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31788103)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27010301).
文摘The male sterility(MS)line is a prerequisite for efficient production of hybrid seeds in rice,a self-pollinating species.MS line breeding is pivotal for hybrid rice improvement.Understanding the historical breeding tra-jectory will help to improve hybrid rice breeding strategies.Maternally inherited cytoplasm is an appro-priate tool for phylogenetic reconstruction and pedigree tracing in rice hybrids.In this study,we analyzed the cytoplasmic genomes of 1495 elite hybrid rice varieties and identified five major types of cytoplasm,which correspond to different hybrid production systems.As the cytoplasm donors for hybrids,461 MS lines were also divided into five major types based on cytoplasmic and nuclear genomic architecture.Spe-cific core accessions cooperating with different fertility-associated genes drove the sequence divergence of MS lines.Dozens to hundreds of convergent and divergent selective sweeps spanning several agro-nomic trait-associated genes were identified among different types of MS lines.We further analyzed the cross patterns between different types of MS lines and their corresponding restorers.This study system-atically analyzed the cytoplasmic genomes of rice hybrids revealed their relationships with nuclear ge-nomes of MS lines,and illustrated the trajectory of hybrid rice breeding and the strategies for breeding different types of MS lines providing new insights for future improvement of hybrid rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81370085)the Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-11-0306)+2 种基金the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation (122036)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (JQ201019)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (2010JQ005 and 2012JC002).
文摘Hydrophobic fluorescence:Tan and his colleagues recently introduced a brand new chemotype of environment-sensitive fluorescent turn-on probes to detect the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain by using SBD fluorophore.The design strategy described in this report generalized the environment sensitivity turn-on mechanism to recognize a specific protein,which provides a robust breakthrough for interchanging fluorescence in conventional small-molecule fluorescent imaging.
