An i-Line chemically amplified(ICA)thick film positive resist is reported in this paper.The impact of process conditions on photoresist performance was investigated.Pre-apply bake temperature and post exposure bake te...An i-Line chemically amplified(ICA)thick film positive resist is reported in this paper.The impact of process conditions on photoresist performance was investigated.Pre-apply bake temperature and post exposure bake temperature affect acid diffusion and deblocking reactions,thus playing an integral role in defining the resist profile.Both pre-apply bake delay and post exposure delay(PED)affect critical dimension(CD)variation,but PED is more sensitive to contact with airborne contaminants.Different polymers and different photo-acid generators(PAG)are also illustrated in this work.By optimizing the structure and concentration of key components,an ICA resist with good environment stability and excellent lithographic performance was demonstrated.展开更多
Environmental fluctuations are a pervasive natural phenomenon that typically favor diverse maternal investment strategies.Organisms across various evolutionary lineages have acquired the ability to enter the dormancy ...Environmental fluctuations are a pervasive natural phenomenon that typically favor diverse maternal investment strategies.Organisms across various evolutionary lineages have acquired the ability to enter the dormancy state to tolerate conditions that are unsuitable for normal life activities.In cyclical parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is generally linked with dormancy,thereby enhancing the long-term fitness of populations through positive feedback mechanisms.This study evaluates the impact of environmental variability on offspring population dynamics through sexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.We found that mictic females(sexual females)exposed to low-predictability environments produced resting eggs with a sporadic hatching pattern,reduced hatching rate,and smaller sizes of resting egg,embryo,and stem females,while increasing variations in fertilization among individuals to maximize population fitness.Variations in population growth could be manifested in enhanced reproductive capacity 2–3 d post-hatching,along with differences in fecundity among individuals.This suggests that dormant eggs from unstable environments may prioritize offspring survival and adjust to increased fertilization among individuals.This adaptive strategy enables rotifer populations to rapidly adjust to environmental changes,thus avoiding extinction and thriving in diverse habitats.Our systematic study enhances the understanding of how environmental stability affects long-term population fitness in cyclical parthenogens.展开更多
Electrochemical polymerization of 3-fluoroalkoxy and 3-fluoroether thiophenes gives polymers with relatively high molecular weights and good processibility. Investigation of these polymers by means of GPC indicates th...Electrochemical polymerization of 3-fluoroalkoxy and 3-fluoroether thiophenes gives polymers with relatively high molecular weights and good processibility. Investigation of these polymers by means of GPC indicates that an increase in the number of fluorine atoms in the fluorinated group results in a decrease in degree of polymerization of the polymers in the same polythiophene series. As shown by NMR and FTIR, the polyfluorinated group substituted polythiophenes have regular 2, 5-coupling in their main chains. The SEM micrographs of the polymer films exhibit that polymer (1)-poly [3-2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-propoxy) thiophene] possesses more regular structure than the other polymers do. Substitution of polythiophenes by fluorinated groups leads to the polymers with high electric, electrochemical and thermal stability.展开更多
Magnetic/dielectric@porous carbon composites,derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with adjustable composition ratio,have attracted wide attention due to their unique magnetoelectric properties.In addition,MOFs-...Magnetic/dielectric@porous carbon composites,derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with adjustable composition ratio,have attracted wide attention due to their unique magnetoelectric properties.In addition,MOFs-derived porous carbon-based materials can meet the needs of lightweight feature.This paper reports a simple process for synthesizing stacked CoxNiy@C nanosheets derived from CoxNiy-MOFs nanosheets with multiple interfaces,which is good to the microwave response.The CoxNiy@C with controllable composition can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of Co^2+ and Ni^2+.It is supposed that the increased Co content is benefit to the dielectric and magnetic loss.Additionally,the bandwidth of CoNi@C nanosheets can take up almost the whole Ku band.Moreover,this composite has better environmental stability in air,which characteristic provides a sustainable potential for the practical application.展开更多
The growth periods（GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8（R8） of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study,...The growth periods（GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8（R8） of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast（40.66-45.85°N）, Huang-Huai（34.75-38.04°N） and southern（22.82-30.60°N） eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group（MG） and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115-125 d in the Northeast part to the 85-100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2（additive main effects and multiplicativeinteraction）-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.展开更多
Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and ...Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats： semi-fixed dune （SF）, fixed dune with low-cov- erage biological soil crust （F）, and fixed dune with high- coverage biological soil crust （FC） in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vege- tation-environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0-20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs.展开更多
The threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials(MAMs).Although considerable progress has been made in high-perform...The threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials(MAMs).Although considerable progress has been made in high-performance MAMs,little attention was paid to their absorption frequency regulation to respond to variable input frequencies and their stability and durability to cope with complex environments.Here,a highly compressible polyimide-packaging carbon nanocoils/carbon foam(PI@CNCs/CF)fabricated by a facile vacuum impregnation method is reported to be used as a dynamically frequency-tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorber.PI@CNCs/CF exhibits good structural stability and mechanical properties,which allows precise absorption frequency tuning by simply changing its compression ratio.For the first time,the tunable effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole test frequency band(2−18 GHz)with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 10.8 GHz and the minimum reflection loss of−60.5 dB.Moreover,PI@CNCs/CF possesses excellent heat insulation,infrared stealth,self-cleaning,flame retardant,and acid-alkali corrosion resistance,which endows it high reliability even under various harsh environments and repeated compression testing.The frequency-tunable mechanism is elucidated by combining experiment and simulation results,possibly guiding in designing dynamically frequency-tunable MAMs with good environmental stability in the future.展开更多
The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro....The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.展开更多
Electrocardiogram(ECG)sensor is emerging as an essential medical device for diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases in modern people.Conventional ECG sensors have investigated by several researchers,but they still ...Electrocardiogram(ECG)sensor is emerging as an essential medical device for diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases in modern people.Conventional ECG sensors have investigated by several researchers,but they still have significant issues of discomfort in wearing,easy swelling,poor electrical conductivity,and signal inaccuracy.Here,we demonstrate a hydrogel nanocomposite-based ECG sensor patches,monolithically integrated with a hydrogel-based biocompatible electrode and an electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding layer in a single unit.The developed device with low impedance(20 kΩ)exhibited excellent mechanical properties including adhesion force(35.8 N m^(–1)),multiple detachability(5 times),stretching/twisting stability and self-healing characteristic.The ECG sensor displayed superior long-term humidity stability for 30 days,showing superior biocompatibility.Finally,the ECG patch with high EMI shielding property monitored human vital signal and pulse rate changes in real-time.展开更多
Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next gen...Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next generation of mobile energy systems,portable electronics,and integrated wearable devices.For successful deployment in real-world scenarios,FPSCs must exhibit a combination of key attributes,including high power conversion efficiency,lightweight architecture,environmental robustness,and mechanical adaptability-encompassing flexibility,stretchability,and twistability.This review provides a detailed examination of the evolution,current state,and practical deployment of FPSCs,emphasizing their potential as efficient,portable energy solutions.It investigates advanced strategies for improving environmental resilience and mechanical recoverability,including the engineering of flexible substrates,deposition of high-quality perovskite films,and optimization of charge-selective interfaces.Additionally,it offers a systematic analysis of device design,fabrication protocols,scalable printing techniques,and standardized performance evaluation methods tailored for wearable FPSCs.Recent progress in enhancing the optoelectronic properties and mechanical durability of FPSCs is also critically reviewed.Ultimately,this work delivers a comprehensive perspective on FPSCs from both optoelectronic and mechanical viewpoints,identifies key challenges,and outlines future research pathways toward the seamless integration of FPSCs into multifunctional,next-generation wearable systems.展开更多
T<span style="font-family:Verdana;">his article observed s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">even species of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=&qu...T<span style="font-family:Verdana;">his article observed s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">even species of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excelsior</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> March., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salix</span></i> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Populus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Juniperus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">communis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Catalpa</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bignonioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Walt., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ulmus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">densa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Litv for seasonal growth. </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the North-West of Uzbekistan, covers 166,600 km</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (28%), and is the largest in terms of territory by region. The study of woody plants in the flora of Karakalpakstan is an important aspect of the convention on biological diversity. The species composition of the natural flora of Karakalpakstan is quite poor in ornamental plants, especially evergreens, suitable for gardening.</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">At the same time, the biodiversity of these plants in Nukus and the factors contributing to them were analyzed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Relevance of the study</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Creating an environmentally friendly environment in cities is possible by optimizing intra-urban tree plantations that perform forming, improving and regulating functions in the environment. The effectiveness of green spaces mainly depends on the range of trees and shrubs and their correct use in accordance with biological characteristics, environmental requirements and decorative qualities. The degree of impact of plantings on the environment also depends on the type, age and physiological characteristics of plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref1">[1]</a></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Woody plants, unlike hardwoods, enrich and purify the air throughout the year and can be used for single and group planting when creating hedges and borders, as well as green gardens. All year round, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb street noises, and lower the air temperature.</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">However, the conservation of flora is necessary not only for individual components, but also for the entire population diversity. Salinized land, unfavorable climate and other environmental factors are among the obstacles or restrictions to the introduction of new species of trees and shrubs, especially evergreen ones, in arid areas </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><a href="#ref2">[2]</a> <a href="#ref3">[3]</a></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The urban environment differs from the natural environment in terms of the degree of illumination, the amount of solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, soil properties, etc. In this regard, green plants only with proper planning, selection of assortment, sufficient quantity and good care ensure the improvement of the ecological state of the city. For scientifically based gardening, it is necessary to have objective ideas not only about the quantity and quality of existing plantings, but also to know the ecological and physiological state of each species, which allows us to assess the role of plants in improving the quality of the environment</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><a href="#ref4">[4]</a></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The sharply continental climate, aridity of the territory, increased wind activity and salinity of the soil contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems in the cities of the southern Aral sea region. The deteriorating environmental situation in Nukus requires the development of a specific gardening strategy aimed at creating sustainable urban plantings of various types. In this regard, we conduct research on the biological characteristics of ornamental woody plants in urban conditions. The range of tree and shrub species used in the landscaping of the city of Nukus remains quite poor today</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref5">[5]</a></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The predominant tree species are </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nigra</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diversifolia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excelsior</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Marsh., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potamaphylla</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Herd, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excels</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S. Gmel, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">babylonica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Juniperus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">communis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. In the landscaping of Nukus, introduced plants are also used, which have adapted to local conditions, although they are damaged by frosts. These include</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bignonioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Walt, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ulmus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pumila</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Marsh.</span></span>展开更多
Physical property variation in dopant-free ZnO films was investigated. Film annealing under various environments（O_2, in-Air, N2 and vacuum） resulted in better crystallinity than in the as-grown film. In particular,...Physical property variation in dopant-free ZnO films was investigated. Film annealing under various environments（O_2, in-Air, N2 and vacuum） resulted in better crystallinity than in the as-grown film. In particular, the film annealed under the N_2 environment showed better crystallinity and electrical properties than films annealed in other environments. Based on spectroscopic analysis, we found a correlation between physical（structural, electrical） and chemical properties： The crystallinity of ZnO films is closely related to ZnO bonding, whereas carrier concentration is associated with VO（oxygen vacancy）.展开更多
Manure-derived biochar is widely used for soil remediation,yet the long-term effects of aging on the stability of its endogenous heavy metals remain unclear.This study aims to investigate how freeze-thaw(FT)cycle agin...Manure-derived biochar is widely used for soil remediation,yet the long-term effects of aging on the stability of its endogenous heavy metals remain unclear.This study aims to investigate how freeze-thaw(FT)cycle aging influences the physicochemical properties and endogenous heavy metal stability of chicken manure(CM)-derived biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures(350℃,550℃,and 750℃).By subjecting these biochars to accelerated FT aging,we compared changes in structural integrity and heavy metal speciation.FT cycles significantly induced physical fragmentation in porous biochar,reducing pH,graphitization,and stability while increasing the total specific surface area(SSA)and oxygen-containing functional groups.Biochars produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures demonstrated greater susceptibility to structural breakdown during FT aging,which led to increased leachability and phyto-availability of heavy metals.Chemical speciation analysis revealed that biochar produced at 750℃(CMB-750)experienced a pronounced transformation of heavy metals into less stable forms during FT aging,with acidsoluble(F1)fractions of Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb,and Cd in aged biochar(ACMB-750)increasing to 34.97%,18.06%,18.34%,13.16%,31.23%,and 6.31%,respectively.These findings highlight the risks of presuming that higher pyrolysis temperatures always enhance heavy metals retention and emphasize the importance of considering the entire biochar lifecycle,from fabrication and soil remediation to aging,when optimizing its safe and sustainable agricultural use.展开更多
This paper reports on a new type of high-frequency mode-matched gyroscope with significantly reduced dependencies on environmental stimuli such as temperature,vibration,and shock.A novel stress-isolation system is use...This paper reports on a new type of high-frequency mode-matched gyroscope with significantly reduced dependencies on environmental stimuli such as temperature,vibration,and shock.A novel stress-isolation system is used to effectively decouple an axis-symmetric bulk-acoustic wave(BAW)vibratory gyro from its substrate,minimizing the effect that external sources of error have on the offset and scale factor of the device.Substrate-decoupled(SD)BAW gyros with a resonance frequency of 4.3 MHz and Q values near 60000 were implemented using the high aspect ratio poly and single-crystal silicon(HARPSS)process to achieve ultra-narrow capacitive gaps.Wafer-level packaged sensors were interfaced with a customized application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)to achieve low variations in the offset across temperature(±26°s^(−1) from−40 to 85℃),supreme random-vibration immunity(0.012°s^(−1) gRMS−1)and excellent shock rejection.With a scale factor of 800μV(°s^(−1))^(−1),the SD-BAW gyro system attains a large full-scale range(±1250°s^(−1))with a non-linearity of less than 0.07%.A measured angle-random walk(ARW)of 0.39°/√h and a bias instability of 10.5°h^(−1) are dominated by the thermal and flicker noise of the integrated circuit(IC),respectively.Additional measurements using external electronics show bias-instability values as low as 3.5°h−1,which are limited by feed-through signals coupled from the drive loop to the sense channel,which can be further reduced through proper re-routing of the gyroscope pin-out configuration.展开更多
Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_...Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_(2) SSAC had been optimized successfully before.Herein,we are focusing on the evaluation and mechanism of thermal stability of this multilayer coating for its potential applications in concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.Fortunately,the coating exhibits excellent thermal stability after aging at 400℃ for 1500 h in vacuum.At aging temperature of 500℃ for 1000 h or 600℃ for 300 h in vacuum,the slight inter-diffusion between Mo layer and stainless steel(SS)substrate occurs.At higher aging temperature of 700℃ for 100 h in vacuum,the serious inter-diffusion between Mo layer and SS substrate leads to invalidation of the coating,which has been evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)technologies.Additionally,this coating also has an outstanding thermal stability after aging at 400℃for 300 h in air.A heating-cooling cycling(HCC)treatment evidences the good thermal stability of this coating working in cold environment(60℃).The results reveal that this coating can be a promising candidate not only for CSP system in high temperatures but also for usage in cold environment.展开更多
Sr-doping of perovskite quantum dots(QDs)is a promising strategy to reduce Pb content and improve optical performance and stability.However,excessive Sr introduces new defects that degrade photoluminescence quantum yi...Sr-doping of perovskite quantum dots(QDs)is a promising strategy to reduce Pb content and improve optical performance and stability.However,excessive Sr introduces new defects that degrade photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Therefore,it is a challenge to balance high optical performance with high doping concentration for the preparation of environmentally friendly perovskite QDs.In this study,we report the highest Sr/Pb ratios Sr-doped CsPbI_(3) QDs(15.13%)with a near-unity PLQY.The balance between high PLQY and high Sr-doping rate is achieved through the introduction of oleylammonium iodide(OAmI)ligand compensation during the anti-solvent purification process,which can form an iodine-enriched environment and effectively passivates the surface defects of QDs caused by excessive Sr-doping.Moreover,the Sr-doped CsPbI_(3) QDs exhibit superior stability in environments with high temperature and humidity or direct contact with water.This strategy provides a novel approach for the preparation of lead-less and lead-free QDs with superior optical performance and stability,offering a potential solution for environmentally friendly applications.展开更多
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)show great promise for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.However,their susceptibility to oxidation,particularly in humid environments or water,lim...Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)show great promise for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.However,their susceptibility to oxidation,particularly in humid environments or water,limits their industrial applications.This study introduces a straightforward method for developing functionalized MXenes(F-MXenes)with significantly enhanced oxidation resistance and environmental stability,which are critical factors for industrial scalability.The resulting F-MXenes disperse easily in non-polar solvents,adhere well to various substrates,and remain highly stable under harsh conditions in an accelerated oxidation test at 100℃and 80%relative humidity for 49 days;F-MXenes retained 93%of their initial electrical resistance.Additionally,these films withstand water exposure,maintain superior current retention in seawater and corrosive environments,and exhibit high flexibility(10000 bending cycles)and tensile strength(35 MPa).Notably,the EMI shielding effectiveness of the hydrophobic F-MXene films,produced using scalable techniques such as spray and blade coating,far exceeds that of previously reported hydrophobic MXene films and MXene composites,achieving 52–77 dB at thicknesses of 5–40μm.This study highlights the potential of F-MXene as high-performance,scalable EMI-shielding coatings,particularly in humid or water-exposed environments.展开更多
The gut,a key component of the human digestive system,not only undertakes the heavy task of absorbing nutrients but also serves as an important hub for sensing the environment and transmitting information.As an import...The gut,a key component of the human digestive system,not only undertakes the heavy task of absorbing nutrients but also serves as an important hub for sensing the environment and transmitting information.As an important structure of the intestine,intestinal epithelium cells(IECs)play an indispensable role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment and regulating the physiological functions.Traditionally,research on the physiological functions of IECs has been focused on nutrient absorption.Recent studies have suggested that IECs may actively communicate with other organs.The novel communication medium derived from IECs has the potential to unlock unprecedented avenues for the regulation of physiological homeostasis.展开更多
Although VB-Group transition metal disulfides(TMDs)VS_(2)nanomaterials with specific electronic properties and multiphase microstructures have shown fascinating potential in the field of electro-magnetic wave(EMW)abso...Although VB-Group transition metal disulfides(TMDs)VS_(2)nanomaterials with specific electronic properties and multiphase microstructures have shown fascinating potential in the field of electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption,the efficient utilization of VS_(2)is limited by the technical bottleneck of its narrow effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)which is attributed to environmental instability and a deficient electromagnetic(EM)loss mechanism.In order to fully exploit the maximal utilization values of VS_(2)nanomaterials for EMW absorption through mitigating the chemical instability and optimizing the EM parameters,biomass-based glucose derived carbon(GDC)like sugar-coating has been decorated on the surface of stacked VS_(2)nanosheets via a facile hydrothermal method,followed by high-temperature carbonization.As a result,the modulation of doping amount of glucose injection solution(Glucose)could effectively manipulate the encapsulation degree of GDC coating on VS_(2)nanosheets,further imple-menting the EM response mechanisms of the VS_(2)/GDC hybrids(coupling effect of conductive loss,interfacial polarization,relaxation,dipole polarization,defect engineering and multiple reflections and absorptions)through regulating the conductivity and constructing multi-interface heterostructures,as reflected by the enhanced EMW absorption performance to a great extent.The minimum reflection loss(Rmin)of VS_(2)/GDC hybrids could reach52.8 dB with a thickness of 2.7 mm at 12.2 GHz.Surprisingly,compared with pristine VS_(2),the EAB of the VS_(2)/GDC hybrids increased from 2.0 to 5.7 GHz,while their environmental stability was effectively enhanced by virtue of GDC doping.Obviously,this work provides a promising candidate to realize frequency band tunability of EMW absorbers with exceptional perfor-mance and environmental stability.展开更多
文摘An i-Line chemically amplified(ICA)thick film positive resist is reported in this paper.The impact of process conditions on photoresist performance was investigated.Pre-apply bake temperature and post exposure bake temperature affect acid diffusion and deblocking reactions,thus playing an integral role in defining the resist profile.Both pre-apply bake delay and post exposure delay(PED)affect critical dimension(CD)variation,but PED is more sensitive to contact with airborne contaminants.Different polymers and different photo-acid generators(PAG)are also illustrated in this work.By optimizing the structure and concentration of key components,an ICA resist with good environment stability and excellent lithographic performance was demonstrated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071528)。
文摘Environmental fluctuations are a pervasive natural phenomenon that typically favor diverse maternal investment strategies.Organisms across various evolutionary lineages have acquired the ability to enter the dormancy state to tolerate conditions that are unsuitable for normal life activities.In cyclical parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is generally linked with dormancy,thereby enhancing the long-term fitness of populations through positive feedback mechanisms.This study evaluates the impact of environmental variability on offspring population dynamics through sexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus.We found that mictic females(sexual females)exposed to low-predictability environments produced resting eggs with a sporadic hatching pattern,reduced hatching rate,and smaller sizes of resting egg,embryo,and stem females,while increasing variations in fertilization among individuals to maximize population fitness.Variations in population growth could be manifested in enhanced reproductive capacity 2–3 d post-hatching,along with differences in fecundity among individuals.This suggests that dormant eggs from unstable environments may prioritize offspring survival and adjust to increased fertilization among individuals.This adaptive strategy enables rotifer populations to rapidly adjust to environmental changes,thus avoiding extinction and thriving in diverse habitats.Our systematic study enhances the understanding of how environmental stability affects long-term population fitness in cyclical parthenogens.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Electrochemical polymerization of 3-fluoroalkoxy and 3-fluoroether thiophenes gives polymers with relatively high molecular weights and good processibility. Investigation of these polymers by means of GPC indicates that an increase in the number of fluorine atoms in the fluorinated group results in a decrease in degree of polymerization of the polymers in the same polythiophene series. As shown by NMR and FTIR, the polyfluorinated group substituted polythiophenes have regular 2, 5-coupling in their main chains. The SEM micrographs of the polymer films exhibit that polymer (1)-poly [3-2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-propoxy) thiophene] possesses more regular structure than the other polymers do. Substitution of polythiophenes by fluorinated groups leads to the polymers with high electric, electrochemical and thermal stability.
基金Financial supports from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.51971111)the foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Magnetic/dielectric@porous carbon composites,derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with adjustable composition ratio,have attracted wide attention due to their unique magnetoelectric properties.In addition,MOFs-derived porous carbon-based materials can meet the needs of lightweight feature.This paper reports a simple process for synthesizing stacked CoxNiy@C nanosheets derived from CoxNiy-MOFs nanosheets with multiple interfaces,which is good to the microwave response.The CoxNiy@C with controllable composition can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of Co^2+ and Ni^2+.It is supposed that the increased Co content is benefit to the dielectric and magnetic loss.Additionally,the bandwidth of CoNi@C nanosheets can take up almost the whole Ku band.Moreover,this composite has better environmental stability in air,which characteristic provides a sustainable potential for the practical application.
基金supported by the Program of Accurate Identification and Display of Soybean Germplasm, China (NB08-2130315-(25-31)-06, NB07-2130315-(25-30)-06, NB06-070401-(22-27)-05), NB2010-2130315-25-05)the National Crop Germplasm Platform, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2012-004, 2014-004)
文摘The growth periods（GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8（R8） of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast（40.66-45.85°N）, Huang-Huai（34.75-38.04°N） and southern（22.82-30.60°N） eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group（MG） and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115-125 d in the Northeast part to the 85-100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2（additive main effects and multiplicativeinteraction）-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of P.R.China(973 Program,2013CB429901)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of P.R.China(BJFU-TD2011-04)National Technology and Science Support Program of P.R.China(2012BAD16B02)
文摘Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats： semi-fixed dune （SF）, fixed dune with low-cov- erage biological soil crust （F）, and fixed dune with high- coverage biological soil crust （FC） in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vege- tation-environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0-20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 22278101,22068010,and 52365044)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(grants 120RC454 and 519QN176)the Innovation Project for Scientific and Technological Talents in Hainan Province(grant KJRC2023C08)。
文摘The threat to information security from electromagnetic pollution has sparked widespread interest in the development of microwave absorption materials(MAMs).Although considerable progress has been made in high-performance MAMs,little attention was paid to their absorption frequency regulation to respond to variable input frequencies and their stability and durability to cope with complex environments.Here,a highly compressible polyimide-packaging carbon nanocoils/carbon foam(PI@CNCs/CF)fabricated by a facile vacuum impregnation method is reported to be used as a dynamically frequency-tunable and environmentally stable microwave absorber.PI@CNCs/CF exhibits good structural stability and mechanical properties,which allows precise absorption frequency tuning by simply changing its compression ratio.For the first time,the tunable effective absorption bandwidth can cover the whole test frequency band(2−18 GHz)with the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 10.8 GHz and the minimum reflection loss of−60.5 dB.Moreover,PI@CNCs/CF possesses excellent heat insulation,infrared stealth,self-cleaning,flame retardant,and acid-alkali corrosion resistance,which endows it high reliability even under various harsh environments and repeated compression testing.The frequency-tunable mechanism is elucidated by combining experiment and simulation results,possibly guiding in designing dynamically frequency-tunable MAMs with good environmental stability in the future.
基金supported by the Major special project of Anhui Province (2021d06050001)the Major Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province (201903b06020004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2308085QC115)the Special Fund for Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Industry Technology System (340000211260001000420)。
文摘The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MSIT)(RS-2023-00278906 and RS-2024-00408989)supported by Development of advanced bio and medical measurement technology funded by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS-2025-GP2025-0007).
文摘Electrocardiogram(ECG)sensor is emerging as an essential medical device for diagnosing various cardiovascular diseases in modern people.Conventional ECG sensors have investigated by several researchers,but they still have significant issues of discomfort in wearing,easy swelling,poor electrical conductivity,and signal inaccuracy.Here,we demonstrate a hydrogel nanocomposite-based ECG sensor patches,monolithically integrated with a hydrogel-based biocompatible electrode and an electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding layer in a single unit.The developed device with low impedance(20 kΩ)exhibited excellent mechanical properties including adhesion force(35.8 N m^(–1)),multiple detachability(5 times),stretching/twisting stability and self-healing characteristic.The ECG sensor displayed superior long-term humidity stability for 30 days,showing superior biocompatibility.Finally,the ECG patch with high EMI shielding property monitored human vital signal and pulse rate changes in real-time.
基金supported by the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(RS-2025-02311658)supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2023R1A2C2008017)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435).
文摘Driven by rapid advancements in smart wearable technologies and perovskite photovoltaics,flexible perovskite solar cells(FPSCs)have emerged as highly promising autonomous power sources,poised to transform the next generation of mobile energy systems,portable electronics,and integrated wearable devices.For successful deployment in real-world scenarios,FPSCs must exhibit a combination of key attributes,including high power conversion efficiency,lightweight architecture,environmental robustness,and mechanical adaptability-encompassing flexibility,stretchability,and twistability.This review provides a detailed examination of the evolution,current state,and practical deployment of FPSCs,emphasizing their potential as efficient,portable energy solutions.It investigates advanced strategies for improving environmental resilience and mechanical recoverability,including the engineering of flexible substrates,deposition of high-quality perovskite films,and optimization of charge-selective interfaces.Additionally,it offers a systematic analysis of device design,fabrication protocols,scalable printing techniques,and standardized performance evaluation methods tailored for wearable FPSCs.Recent progress in enhancing the optoelectronic properties and mechanical durability of FPSCs is also critically reviewed.Ultimately,this work delivers a comprehensive perspective on FPSCs from both optoelectronic and mechanical viewpoints,identifies key challenges,and outlines future research pathways toward the seamless integration of FPSCs into multifunctional,next-generation wearable systems.
文摘T<span style="font-family:Verdana;">his article observed s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">even species of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excelsior</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> March., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salix</span></i> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Populus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Juniperus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">communis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Catalpa</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bignonioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Walt., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ulmus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">densa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Litv for seasonal growth. </span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the North-West of Uzbekistan, covers 166,600 km</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (28%), and is the largest in terms of territory by region. The study of woody plants in the flora of Karakalpakstan is an important aspect of the convention on biological diversity. The species composition of the natural flora of Karakalpakstan is quite poor in ornamental plants, especially evergreens, suitable for gardening.</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">At the same time, the biodiversity of these plants in Nukus and the factors contributing to them were analyzed. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Relevance of the study</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Creating an environmentally friendly environment in cities is possible by optimizing intra-urban tree plantations that perform forming, improving and regulating functions in the environment. The effectiveness of green spaces mainly depends on the range of trees and shrubs and their correct use in accordance with biological characteristics, environmental requirements and decorative qualities. The degree of impact of plantings on the environment also depends on the type, age and physiological characteristics of plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref1">[1]</a></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Woody plants, unlike hardwoods, enrich and purify the air throughout the year and can be used for single and group planting when creating hedges and borders, as well as green gardens. All year round, they enrich the air with oxygen, absorb street noises, and lower the air temperature.</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">However, the conservation of flora is necessary not only for individual components, but also for the entire population diversity. Salinized land, unfavorable climate and other environmental factors are among the obstacles or restrictions to the introduction of new species of trees and shrubs, especially evergreen ones, in arid areas </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><a href="#ref2">[2]</a> <a href="#ref3">[3]</a></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The urban environment differs from the natural environment in terms of the degree of illumination, the amount of solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, soil properties, etc. In this regard, green plants only with proper planning, selection of assortment, sufficient quantity and good care ensure the improvement of the ecological state of the city. For scientifically based gardening, it is necessary to have objective ideas not only about the quantity and quality of existing plantings, but also to know the ecological and physiological state of each species, which allows us to assess the role of plants in improving the quality of the environment</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><a href="#ref4">[4]</a></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The sharply continental climate, aridity of the territory, increased wind activity and salinity of the soil contribute to the aggravation of environmental problems in the cities of the southern Aral sea region. The deteriorating environmental situation in Nukus requires the development of a specific gardening strategy aimed at creating sustainable urban plantings of various types. In this regard, we conduct research on the biological characteristics of ornamental woody plants in urban conditions. The range of tree and shrub species used in the landscaping of the city of Nukus remains quite poor today</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <a href="#ref5">[5]</a></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The predominant tree species are </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nigra</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diversifolia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excelsior</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Marsh., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fraxinus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potamaphylla</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Herd, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">excels</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> S. Gmel, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">babylonica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">alba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Juniperus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">communis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. In the landscaping of Nukus, introduced plants are also used, which have adapted to local conditions, although they are damaged by frosts. These include</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C.</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bignonioides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Walt, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ulmus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pumila</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L., </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pensylvanica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Marsh.</span></span>
基金supported in part by NRF Korea (No. NRF2015R1D1A1A01058672)Korea Atomic Energy Research Institutesupported by the GPF Program (No. 2015H1A2A1034200) of NRF
文摘Physical property variation in dopant-free ZnO films was investigated. Film annealing under various environments（O_2, in-Air, N2 and vacuum） resulted in better crystallinity than in the as-grown film. In particular, the film annealed under the N_2 environment showed better crystallinity and electrical properties than films annealed in other environments. Based on spectroscopic analysis, we found a correlation between physical（structural, electrical） and chemical properties： The crystallinity of ZnO films is closely related to ZnO bonding, whereas carrier concentration is associated with VO（oxygen vacancy）.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022D01C737).
文摘Manure-derived biochar is widely used for soil remediation,yet the long-term effects of aging on the stability of its endogenous heavy metals remain unclear.This study aims to investigate how freeze-thaw(FT)cycle aging influences the physicochemical properties and endogenous heavy metal stability of chicken manure(CM)-derived biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures(350℃,550℃,and 750℃).By subjecting these biochars to accelerated FT aging,we compared changes in structural integrity and heavy metal speciation.FT cycles significantly induced physical fragmentation in porous biochar,reducing pH,graphitization,and stability while increasing the total specific surface area(SSA)and oxygen-containing functional groups.Biochars produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures demonstrated greater susceptibility to structural breakdown during FT aging,which led to increased leachability and phyto-availability of heavy metals.Chemical speciation analysis revealed that biochar produced at 750℃(CMB-750)experienced a pronounced transformation of heavy metals into less stable forms during FT aging,with acidsoluble(F1)fractions of Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb,and Cd in aged biochar(ACMB-750)increasing to 34.97%,18.06%,18.34%,13.16%,31.23%,and 6.31%,respectively.These findings highlight the risks of presuming that higher pyrolysis temperatures always enhance heavy metals retention and emphasize the importance of considering the entire biochar lifecycle,from fabrication and soil remediation to aging,when optimizing its safe and sustainable agricultural use.
文摘This paper reports on a new type of high-frequency mode-matched gyroscope with significantly reduced dependencies on environmental stimuli such as temperature,vibration,and shock.A novel stress-isolation system is used to effectively decouple an axis-symmetric bulk-acoustic wave(BAW)vibratory gyro from its substrate,minimizing the effect that external sources of error have on the offset and scale factor of the device.Substrate-decoupled(SD)BAW gyros with a resonance frequency of 4.3 MHz and Q values near 60000 were implemented using the high aspect ratio poly and single-crystal silicon(HARPSS)process to achieve ultra-narrow capacitive gaps.Wafer-level packaged sensors were interfaced with a customized application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)to achieve low variations in the offset across temperature(±26°s^(−1) from−40 to 85℃),supreme random-vibration immunity(0.012°s^(−1) gRMS−1)and excellent shock rejection.With a scale factor of 800μV(°s^(−1))^(−1),the SD-BAW gyro system attains a large full-scale range(±1250°s^(−1))with a non-linearity of less than 0.07%.A measured angle-random walk(ARW)of 0.39°/√h and a bias instability of 10.5°h^(−1) are dominated by the thermal and flicker noise of the integrated circuit(IC),respectively.Additional measurements using external electronics show bias-instability values as low as 3.5°h−1,which are limited by feed-through signals coupled from the drive loop to the sense channel,which can be further reduced through proper re-routing of the gyroscope pin-out configuration.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51732001,U1832219 and 51972013)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2182035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Solar selective absorbing coatings(SSACs)are required to have not only excellent optical property but also outstanding thermal stability for high temperature applications.The optical properties of Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO_(2) SSAC had been optimized successfully before.Herein,we are focusing on the evaluation and mechanism of thermal stability of this multilayer coating for its potential applications in concentrated solar power(CSP)systems.Fortunately,the coating exhibits excellent thermal stability after aging at 400℃ for 1500 h in vacuum.At aging temperature of 500℃ for 1000 h or 600℃ for 300 h in vacuum,the slight inter-diffusion between Mo layer and stainless steel(SS)substrate occurs.At higher aging temperature of 700℃ for 100 h in vacuum,the serious inter-diffusion between Mo layer and SS substrate leads to invalidation of the coating,which has been evidenced by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)technologies.Additionally,this coating also has an outstanding thermal stability after aging at 400℃for 300 h in air.A heating-cooling cycling(HCC)treatment evidences the good thermal stability of this coating working in cold environment(60℃).The results reveal that this coating can be a promising candidate not only for CSP system in high temperatures but also for usage in cold environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62374089,61904081,and 51672132)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190449)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province(No.2020Z144)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30923010928).
文摘Sr-doping of perovskite quantum dots(QDs)is a promising strategy to reduce Pb content and improve optical performance and stability.However,excessive Sr introduces new defects that degrade photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Therefore,it is a challenge to balance high optical performance with high doping concentration for the preparation of environmentally friendly perovskite QDs.In this study,we report the highest Sr/Pb ratios Sr-doped CsPbI_(3) QDs(15.13%)with a near-unity PLQY.The balance between high PLQY and high Sr-doping rate is achieved through the introduction of oleylammonium iodide(OAmI)ligand compensation during the anti-solvent purification process,which can form an iodine-enriched environment and effectively passivates the surface defects of QDs caused by excessive Sr-doping.Moreover,the Sr-doped CsPbI_(3) QDs exhibit superior stability in environments with high temperature and humidity or direct contact with water.This strategy provides a novel approach for the preparation of lead-less and lead-free QDs with superior optical performance and stability,offering a potential solution for environmentally friendly applications.
基金National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea,Grant/Award Numbers:RS-2024-00408180,RS-2024-00344270Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP),Grant/Award Number:RS-2024-00398425。
文摘Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)show great promise for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.However,their susceptibility to oxidation,particularly in humid environments or water,limits their industrial applications.This study introduces a straightforward method for developing functionalized MXenes(F-MXenes)with significantly enhanced oxidation resistance and environmental stability,which are critical factors for industrial scalability.The resulting F-MXenes disperse easily in non-polar solvents,adhere well to various substrates,and remain highly stable under harsh conditions in an accelerated oxidation test at 100℃and 80%relative humidity for 49 days;F-MXenes retained 93%of their initial electrical resistance.Additionally,these films withstand water exposure,maintain superior current retention in seawater and corrosive environments,and exhibit high flexibility(10000 bending cycles)and tensile strength(35 MPa).Notably,the EMI shielding effectiveness of the hydrophobic F-MXene films,produced using scalable techniques such as spray and blade coating,far exceeds that of previously reported hydrophobic MXene films and MXene composites,achieving 52–77 dB at thicknesses of 5–40μm.This study highlights the potential of F-MXene as high-performance,scalable EMI-shielding coatings,particularly in humid or water-exposed environments.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82330017 and 82270610)the Beijing Nova Program(No.20240484505).
文摘The gut,a key component of the human digestive system,not only undertakes the heavy task of absorbing nutrients but also serves as an important hub for sensing the environment and transmitting information.As an important structure of the intestine,intestinal epithelium cells(IECs)play an indispensable role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment and regulating the physiological functions.Traditionally,research on the physiological functions of IECs has been focused on nutrient absorption.Recent studies have suggested that IECs may actively communicate with other organs.The novel communication medium derived from IECs has the potential to unlock unprecedented avenues for the regulation of physiological homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102368,52072192,51977009)Regional Joint Fund for Basic Research and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(No.2020SA001515110905).
文摘Although VB-Group transition metal disulfides(TMDs)VS_(2)nanomaterials with specific electronic properties and multiphase microstructures have shown fascinating potential in the field of electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption,the efficient utilization of VS_(2)is limited by the technical bottleneck of its narrow effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)which is attributed to environmental instability and a deficient electromagnetic(EM)loss mechanism.In order to fully exploit the maximal utilization values of VS_(2)nanomaterials for EMW absorption through mitigating the chemical instability and optimizing the EM parameters,biomass-based glucose derived carbon(GDC)like sugar-coating has been decorated on the surface of stacked VS_(2)nanosheets via a facile hydrothermal method,followed by high-temperature carbonization.As a result,the modulation of doping amount of glucose injection solution(Glucose)could effectively manipulate the encapsulation degree of GDC coating on VS_(2)nanosheets,further imple-menting the EM response mechanisms of the VS_(2)/GDC hybrids(coupling effect of conductive loss,interfacial polarization,relaxation,dipole polarization,defect engineering and multiple reflections and absorptions)through regulating the conductivity and constructing multi-interface heterostructures,as reflected by the enhanced EMW absorption performance to a great extent.The minimum reflection loss(Rmin)of VS_(2)/GDC hybrids could reach52.8 dB with a thickness of 2.7 mm at 12.2 GHz.Surprisingly,compared with pristine VS_(2),the EAB of the VS_(2)/GDC hybrids increased from 2.0 to 5.7 GHz,while their environmental stability was effectively enhanced by virtue of GDC doping.Obviously,this work provides a promising candidate to realize frequency band tunability of EMW absorbers with exceptional perfor-mance and environmental stability.
