With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comp...With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.展开更多
This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is ...This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.展开更多
The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Dip...The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Diplomacy convened in October 2013 that“China’s neighborhood is of critical strategic significance in terms of geographical location,natural environment as well as mutual relations.”展开更多
Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in ...Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.展开更多
With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.S...With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.展开更多
Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business envir...Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.展开更多
To the editor:Adverse home environments(AHE),characterised by family conflict,parental separation or dysfunctional parenting,are linked to negative mental health outcomes in children and adults.12 AHE disproportionate...To the editor:Adverse home environments(AHE),characterised by family conflict,parental separation or dysfunctional parenting,are linked to negative mental health outcomes in children and adults.12 AHE disproportionately affect children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),which is characterised by inattention,hyperactivity/impulsivity and functional impairments.3 Apart from core symptoms,including inattention and hyperactivity,disruptive behaviour disorders(DBD),such as oppositional defiant disorder(ODD)and conduct disorder(CD),may be associated with AHE.Conduct problems are risk factors for ODD.And CD has become a main concern for childhood mental health.展开更多
This study examines the relationship between ecological awareness,satisfaction,and the intention to participate in environmental protection in Vietnam,focusing on the mediating role of satisfaction and the moderating ...This study examines the relationship between ecological awareness,satisfaction,and the intention to participate in environmental protection in Vietnam,focusing on the mediating role of satisfaction and the moderating effects of social responsibility and ecological knowledge.While ecological awareness is a key driver of pro-environmental behavior,prior research shows that awareness alone does not always translate into concrete actions.To address this issue,we explore how satisfaction with environmental conditions strengthens the awareness-intention link and how personal responsibility and knowledge further enhance this process.Survey data were collected from 4,615 participants across six provinces,representing diverse ecological and socio-economic contexts.Structural equation modeling(SEM)results indicate that ecological awareness positively influences pro-environmental intention,but this effect is significantly stronger when individuals report higher levels of satisfaction.Satisfaction serves as a central mediator,showing that awareness must be complemented by confidence and trust in environmental outcomes to stimulate behavioral commitment.In addition,social responsibility and ecological knowledge moderate these relationships:individuals with greater responsibility and knowledge demonstrate stronger connections between awareness,satisfaction,and intention.The findings contribute to environmental psychology by emphasizing the interaction of cognitive,affective,and normative factors in shaping ecological behavior.For policymakers,the results highlight the need to design interventions that go beyond awareness-raising.Building satisfaction with environmental policies,fostering a sense of responsibility,and strengthening ecological knowledge are crucial for promoting sustainable behaviors and encouraging active citizen participation in environmental protection in Vietnam.展开更多
Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and th...Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.展开更多
Essentially clearing the structure-activity relationship between iron carbide catalysts involving multiple active centers to understand the reaction mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion process is still a great ch...Essentially clearing the structure-activity relationship between iron carbide catalysts involving multiple active centers to understand the reaction mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion process is still a great challenge.Here,two main micro-environment factors,namely electronic properties and geometrical effects were found to have an integrated effect on the mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion,involving active sites on multiple crystal phases.The Bader charge of the surface Fe atoms on the active sites had a guiding effect on the CO activation pathway,while the spatial configuration of the active sites greatly affected the energy barriers of CO activation.Although the defective surfaces were more conducive to CO activation,the defective sites were not the only sites to dissociate CO,as CO always tended to dissociate in a wider area.This synergistic effect of the micro-environment also occurred during the CO conversion process.Surface C atoms on relatively flat configurations were more likely to form methane,while the electronic properties of the active sites could effectively describe the C-C coupling process,as well as distinguish the coupling mechanisms.展开更多
The research introduced the current development of carrying capacity of environment and population size. Based on analysis of atmosphere environment bearing capacity and water environment carrying capacity, it further...The research introduced the current development of carrying capacity of environment and population size. Based on analysis of atmosphere environment bearing capacity and water environment carrying capacity, it further studied and summarized the soil environmental capacity on pollutants and social activities. The soil environmental capacity on pollutants is the maximum pollutants contained in a unit of soil within a limited time. Current research mainly focuses on background values, limit and migration coefficient of soil and the relevant modeling. The soil environmental capacity on social activities refers to the limit values of soil on the size,density and pace of development of social activities, while maintaining the normal structure and function of the bio-and eco-system of the soil. In other words, it not only refers to the capacity on pollutants, but also refers to the capacity on social and economic activities. Based on the research ＂Criteria on the standards of soil system＂, this report is mainly focused on the capacity of soil system on heavy metals. Further studies are still needed to come up with a universal definition of the soil environmental capacity and its theory system, as well as the standard and complete evaluating system.展开更多
The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this...The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this challenge,we developed a more data-efficient center-environment(CE)structure representation that incorporates a predefined attention-focused mechanism.This approach was applied in a machine learning(ML)study to examine the local alloying effects on the structural stability of Nb alloys.In the CE feature model,the atomic environment type(AET)method was utilized,which effectively describes the low-symmetry physical shell structures of neighboring atoms.The optimized ML-CEAET models successfully predicted double-site substitution energies in Nb with a mean absolute error of 55.37 meV and identified Si-M pairs(where M=Ta,W,Re,and lanthanide rare-earth elements)as promising stabilizers for Nb.The ML-CE_(AET)model’s good transferability was further confirmed through accurate prediction of untrained alloying element Nb.Significantly,in cases involving small datasets,non-deep learning models with CE features outperformed deep learning models based on graph features reported in the literature.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates as stationary storage systems for power-grid applications due to their high safety and low cost.The practical implementation of Zn-ion batteries currently still face...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates as stationary storage systems for power-grid applications due to their high safety and low cost.The practical implementation of Zn-ion batteries currently still faces formidable challenges because of Zn dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,and inadequate environmental adaptability.Herein,to address these challenges,a strategy of regulation of water molecules coordination in electrolyte is proposed via developing a cross-linked hydrophilic hydrogel polymer electrolyte.Within this system,the continuous hydrogen bond among H_(2)O molecules is disrupted and the isolated H_(2)O molecules are strongly bound with a polymeric matrix comprised of polyacrylamide,carboxymethyl cellulose,and ethylene glycol,which can restrain the activity of H_(2)O molecules,thus effectively alleviating Zn dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution and enhancing the anti-freezing ability.With this electrolyte,the Zn||Cu cell presents a high coulombic efficiency of 99.4%over 900 cycles and Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits high cycling stability,maintaining plating/stripping for over 1,700 h.Moreover,the assembled Zn||PANI device also demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance over a wide-temperature range,including a long cycling life over 14,120 cycles at room temperature and an ultralong cycling surpassing 30,000 cycles even at−40℃.This showcases the manipulation of water coordination chemistry for advanced,highly adaptable batteries.展开更多
Along with various human production or consumption activities,large-scale air pollution,water pollution,noise,land subsidence and other public nuisances that are harmful to human health and the living environment have...Along with various human production or consumption activities,large-scale air pollution,water pollution,noise,land subsidence and other public nuisances that are harmful to human health and the living environment have emerged.With the emergence and rise of environmental awareness among the people of Taiwan region,in the face of the increasingly deteriorating environment,Taiwan has taken a series of measures.First of all,Article 9 of the Administrative Litigation Law first stipulates public interest litigation;then,Article 34 of the Basic Law on the Environment clearly stipulates the important documents for public interest litigation.In this paper,it is held that environmental maintenance and improvement is the responsibility of every citizen,not just that of the government.On the path of environmental public interest litigation,every citizen should have the right mindset and response strategies.展开更多
Due to the weakness of island eco-environment and the dependence of tourism development on island environment,it urgently needs to make a study on environmental problems during island tourism development,so as to prov...Due to the weakness of island eco-environment and the dependence of tourism development on island environment,it urgently needs to make a study on environmental problems during island tourism development,so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of island tourism.The paper has concluded Chinese island environmental characteristics,analyzed the current situation of island tourism development and discussed environmental problems during island tourism development.On this basis,it has proposed some suggestions for island tourism environment protection.It should take island eco-environment protection as the premise and complete relevant laws and regulations;take foreign island tourism development as the reference,plan scientifically and build island eco-tourism mode;improve island infrastructures,prevent environmental pollution and protect island tourism environment with the government as the guidance;establish island environment monitoring station and tourism information monitoring station;enhance eco-environment protection education and cultivate responsible tourists and tourism staff;and intensify island supervision and regularize island tourism order.展开更多
The concepts of bi-immigration birth and death density matrix in random environment and bi-immigration birth and death process in random environment are introduced.For any bi-immigration birth and death matrix in rand...The concepts of bi-immigration birth and death density matrix in random environment and bi-immigration birth and death process in random environment are introduced.For any bi-immigration birth and death matrix in random environment Q(θ)with birth rateλ〈death rateμ,the following results are proved,(1)there is an unique q-process in random environment,P^-(θ*(0);t)=(p^-(θ^*(0);t,i,j),i,j≥0),which is ergodic,that is,lim t→∞(θ^*(0);t,i,j)=π^-(θ^*(0);j)≥0 does not depend on i≥0 and∑j≥0π(θ*(0);j)=1,(2)there is a bi-immigration birth and death process in random enjvironment(X^*={X^*,t≥0},ε^*={εt,t∈(-∞,∞)})with random transition matrix P^-(θ^*(0);t)such that X^*is a strictly stationary process.展开更多
Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoti...Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoting high-quality development of new energy in China.This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the development of NEVs and the ecological environment.It uses game theory combining weighting model,particle swarm optimized projection tracking evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,and machine learning algorithms to calculate and analyze the level of coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China from 2010 to 2021,and identifies the driving factors.The research results show that:(i)From 2010 to 2021,the development index of NEVs in China has steadily increased from 0.085 to 0.634,while the ecological environment level index significantly rose from 0.170 to 0.884,reflecting the continuous development of China in both NEVs and the ecological environment.(ii)From 2010 to 2012,the two systems—new energy vehicle(NEV)development and the ecological environment—were in a period of imbalance and decline.From 2013 to 2016,they underwent a transition period,and from 2017 to 2021,they entered a period of coordinated development showing a trend of benign and continuous improvement.By 2021,they reached a good level of coordination.(iii)Indicators such as the number of patents granted for NEVs,water consumption per unit of GDP,and energy consumption per unit of GDP are the main driving factors affecting the coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China.展开更多
To meet the requirements of electromagnetic(EM)theory and applied physics,this study presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on obtaining the EM properties of media and points out potential solutions tha...To meet the requirements of electromagnetic(EM)theory and applied physics,this study presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on obtaining the EM properties of media and points out potential solutions that can break through the bottlenecks of current methods.Firstly,based on the survey of three mainstream approaches for acquiring EM properties of media,we identify the difficulties when implementing them in realistic environments.With a focus on addressing these problems and challenges,we propose a novel paradigm for obtaining the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments.Particularly,within this paradigm,we describe the implementation approach of the key technology,namely“multipath extraction using heterogeneous wave propagation data in multi-spectrum cases”.Finally,the latest measurement and simulation results show that the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments can be precisely and efficiently acquired by the methodology proposed in this study.展开更多
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with its high altitude and cold climate,is one of the most fragile ecological environments in China and is distinguished by its naturally elevated arsenic(As)levels in the soil,largely due to...The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with its high altitude and cold climate,is one of the most fragile ecological environments in China and is distinguished by its naturally elevated arsenic(As)levels in the soil,largely due to its rich mineral and geothermal resources.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of As content,focusing on its distribution,environmental migration,and transformation behavior across the plateau.The review further evaluates the distribution of As in different functional areas,revealing that geothermal fields(107.2 mg/kg),mining areas(53.8 mg/kg),and croplands(39.3 mg/kg)have the highest As concentrations,followed by river and lake sediments and adjacent areas(33.1 mg/kg).These elevated levels are primarily attributed to the presence of As-rich minerals,such as arsenopyrite and pyrite.Additionally,human activities,including mining and geothermal energy production,exacerbate the release of As into the environment.The review also highlights the role of localmicroorganisms,particularly those fromthe phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,which possess As metabolic genes that facilitate As translocation.Given the unique climatic conditions of the plateau,conventionalmethods for As controlmay not be fully effective.However,the review identifies promising remediation strategies that are environmentally adaptable,such as the use of local microorganisms,specific adsorbents,and integrated technologies,which offer potential solutions for managing and utilizing Ascontaminated soils on the plateau.展开更多
Knowledge of the seismogenic environment of fault zones is critical for understanding the processes and mechanisms of large earthquakes.We conducted a rock magnetic study of the fault rocks and protoliths to investiga...Knowledge of the seismogenic environment of fault zones is critical for understanding the processes and mechanisms of large earthquakes.We conducted a rock magnetic study of the fault rocks and protoliths to investigate the seismogenic environment of earthquakes in the Motuo fault zone,in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.The results indicate that magnetite is the principal magnetic carrier in the fault rocks and protolith,while the protolith has a higher content of paramagnetic minerals than the fault rocks.The fault rocks are characterized by a high magnetic susceptibility relative to the protolith in the Motuo fault zone.This is likely due to the thermal alteration of paramagnetic minerals to magnetite caused by coseismic frictional heating with concomitant hydrothermal fluid circulation.The high magnetic susceptibility of the fault rocks and neoformed magnetite indicate that large earthquakes with frictional heating temperatures>500℃have occurred in the Motuo fault zone in the past,and that the fault maintained an oxidizing environment with weak fluid action during these earthquakes.Our results reveal the seismogenic environment of the Motuo fault zone,and they are potentially important for the evaluation of the regional stability in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.展开更多
基金supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00235509Development of security monitoring technology based network behavior against encrypted cyber threats in ICT convergence environment).
文摘With the increasing emphasis on personal information protection,encryption through security protocols has emerged as a critical requirement in data transmission and reception processes.Nevertheless,IoT ecosystems comprise heterogeneous networks where outdated systems coexist with the latest devices,spanning a range of devices from non-encrypted ones to fully encrypted ones.Given the limited visibility into payloads in this context,this study investigates AI-based attack detection methods that leverage encrypted traffic metadata,eliminating the need for decryption and minimizing system performance degradation—especially in light of these heterogeneous devices.Using the UNSW-NB15 and CICIoT-2023 dataset,encrypted and unencrypted traffic were categorized according to security protocol,and AI-based intrusion detection experiments were conducted for each traffic type based on metadata.To mitigate the problem of class imbalance,eight different data sampling techniques were applied.The effectiveness of these sampling techniques was then comparatively analyzed using two ensemble models and three Deep Learning(DL)models from various perspectives.The experimental results confirmed that metadata-based attack detection is feasible using only encrypted traffic.In the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the f1-score of encrypted traffic was approximately 0.98,which is 4.3%higher than that of unencrypted traffic(approximately 0.94).In addition,analysis of the encrypted traffic in the CICIoT-2023 dataset using the same method showed a significantly lower f1-score of roughly 0.43,indicating that the quality of the dataset and the preprocessing approach have a substantial impact on detection performance.Furthermore,when data sampling techniques were applied to encrypted traffic,the recall in the UNSWNB15(Encrypted)dataset improved by up to 23.0%,and in the CICIoT-2023(Encrypted)dataset by 20.26%,showing a similar level of improvement.Notably,in CICIoT-2023,f1-score and Receiver Operation Characteristic-Area Under the Curve(ROC-AUC)increased by 59.0%and 55.94%,respectively.These results suggest that data sampling can have a positive effect even in encrypted environments.However,the extent of the improvement may vary depending on data quality,model architecture,and sampling strategy.
文摘This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.
文摘The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Diplomacy convened in October 2013 that“China’s neighborhood is of critical strategic significance in terms of geographical location,natural environment as well as mutual relations.”
基金funded by Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project(202140299).
文摘Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.
文摘With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.
基金CAS-ANSO Sustainable Development Research Project,No.CAS-ANSO-SDRP-2024-08National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42071153,No.41101119。
文摘Focusing on investment security along the Belt and Road(B&R)routes,this study analyzes the geopolitical environment(GE)of countries(regions)along the B&R routes from two dimensions:political and business environment(PBE)and political orientation.The results show that since the proposal of the B&R Initiative in 2013,the PBE of these countries(regions)has shown slight improvement but with significant spatial disparities,presenting a pattern of better conditions in the eastern and western regions and poorer conditions in the central regions.There is no strong spatial dependence in the PBE among these countries(regions),but a weak homogenization trend toward improvement is observed.Low-scoring countries(regions)are mainly located in former Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS),the Middle East,and the Indochina Peninsula.These countries(regions)exhibit weak interconnections,demonstrating a characteristic of“similarity without harmony.”(a Confucian concept describing nations sharing superficial traits but lacking substantive cooperation).Therefore,the B&R construction should adopt a clustered and contiguous breakthrough strategy.The evaluation of political orientation reveals significant political divergence among B&R countries(regions),with varying attitudes toward China.Moreover,as pro-China sentiment increases,the PBE tends to deteriorate.This negative correlation suggests that countries(regions)actively engaging in the B&R Initiative generally face political instability and economic underdevelopment,and seek to leverage the B&R Initiative for domestic growth.Consequently,while prioritizing investment security,it is important for the B&R construction to actively promote Chinese values in order to garner support and participation from countries(regions)with more favorable PBE.Given the generally underdeveloped PBE and political polarization among B&R countries(regions),China urgently needs to develop a geopolitical theory aligned with the B&R's geopolitical model to safeguard its advancement.Simultaneously,China should reshape geopolitical narratives to reclaim discourse power in political interpretation.This study provides preliminary insights into cross-country(regional)political polarization and contributes to advancing GE research.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation Youth Project (81901386)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YG2025ZD07)+5 种基金the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project of China (2021ZD0203900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant (82422029)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (24Y22800200, 22QA1407900)NSFC grant (82271530)Innovation teams of high-level universities in Shanghaithe Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Liaoning Normal University (24TD004).
文摘To the editor:Adverse home environments(AHE),characterised by family conflict,parental separation or dysfunctional parenting,are linked to negative mental health outcomes in children and adults.12 AHE disproportionately affect children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),which is characterised by inattention,hyperactivity/impulsivity and functional impairments.3 Apart from core symptoms,including inattention and hyperactivity,disruptive behaviour disorders(DBD),such as oppositional defiant disorder(ODD)and conduct disorder(CD),may be associated with AHE.Conduct problems are risk factors for ODD.And CD has become a main concern for childhood mental health.
基金funded by Hue University,VietNam under grant number DHH2023-03-178.
文摘This study examines the relationship between ecological awareness,satisfaction,and the intention to participate in environmental protection in Vietnam,focusing on the mediating role of satisfaction and the moderating effects of social responsibility and ecological knowledge.While ecological awareness is a key driver of pro-environmental behavior,prior research shows that awareness alone does not always translate into concrete actions.To address this issue,we explore how satisfaction with environmental conditions strengthens the awareness-intention link and how personal responsibility and knowledge further enhance this process.Survey data were collected from 4,615 participants across six provinces,representing diverse ecological and socio-economic contexts.Structural equation modeling(SEM)results indicate that ecological awareness positively influences pro-environmental intention,but this effect is significantly stronger when individuals report higher levels of satisfaction.Satisfaction serves as a central mediator,showing that awareness must be complemented by confidence and trust in environmental outcomes to stimulate behavioral commitment.In addition,social responsibility and ecological knowledge moderate these relationships:individuals with greater responsibility and knowledge demonstrate stronger connections between awareness,satisfaction,and intention.The findings contribute to environmental psychology by emphasizing the interaction of cognitive,affective,and normative factors in shaping ecological behavior.For policymakers,the results highlight the need to design interventions that go beyond awareness-raising.Building satisfaction with environmental policies,fostering a sense of responsibility,and strengthening ecological knowledge are crucial for promoting sustainable behaviors and encouraging active citizen participation in environmental protection in Vietnam.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42172339,91951205)。
文摘Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.
基金supported by the Research Fund for National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1503804,2021YFA1501403)the Natural Science Foundation of China(22208094,21922803,92034301,22008066 and 21776077)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20190116)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(17ZR1407300)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(21XD1421000).
文摘Essentially clearing the structure-activity relationship between iron carbide catalysts involving multiple active centers to understand the reaction mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion process is still a great challenge.Here,two main micro-environment factors,namely electronic properties and geometrical effects were found to have an integrated effect on the mechanism of CO hydrogenation conversion,involving active sites on multiple crystal phases.The Bader charge of the surface Fe atoms on the active sites had a guiding effect on the CO activation pathway,while the spatial configuration of the active sites greatly affected the energy barriers of CO activation.Although the defective surfaces were more conducive to CO activation,the defective sites were not the only sites to dissociate CO,as CO always tended to dissociate in a wider area.This synergistic effect of the micro-environment also occurred during the CO conversion process.Surface C atoms on relatively flat configurations were more likely to form methane,while the electronic properties of the active sites could effectively describe the C-C coupling process,as well as distinguish the coupling mechanisms.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2012BAD15B03)Anhui Early Warning of Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity in 2014,Anhui Development and Reform Commission~~
文摘The research introduced the current development of carrying capacity of environment and population size. Based on analysis of atmosphere environment bearing capacity and water environment carrying capacity, it further studied and summarized the soil environmental capacity on pollutants and social activities. The soil environmental capacity on pollutants is the maximum pollutants contained in a unit of soil within a limited time. Current research mainly focuses on background values, limit and migration coefficient of soil and the relevant modeling. The soil environmental capacity on social activities refers to the limit values of soil on the size,density and pace of development of social activities, while maintaining the normal structure and function of the bio-and eco-system of the soil. In other words, it not only refers to the capacity on pollutants, but also refers to the capacity on social and economic activities. Based on the research ＂Criteria on the standards of soil system＂, this report is mainly focused on the capacity of soil system on heavy metals. Further studies are still needed to come up with a universal definition of the soil environmental capacity and its theory system, as well as the standard and complete evaluating system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373227,52201016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFB0702901,2017YFB0701502,2023YFB4606200)+1 种基金Shanghai Technical Service Center for Advanced Ceramics Structure Design and Precision Manufacturing,China(No.20DZ2294000)Key Program of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province,China(No.202302AB080020).
文摘The graph-based representation of material structures,along with deep neural network models,often lacks locality and requires large datasets,which are seldom available in specialized materials research.To address this challenge,we developed a more data-efficient center-environment(CE)structure representation that incorporates a predefined attention-focused mechanism.This approach was applied in a machine learning(ML)study to examine the local alloying effects on the structural stability of Nb alloys.In the CE feature model,the atomic environment type(AET)method was utilized,which effectively describes the low-symmetry physical shell structures of neighboring atoms.The optimized ML-CEAET models successfully predicted double-site substitution energies in Nb with a mean absolute error of 55.37 meV and identified Si-M pairs(where M=Ta,W,Re,and lanthanide rare-earth elements)as promising stabilizers for Nb.The ML-CE_(AET)model’s good transferability was further confirmed through accurate prediction of untrained alloying element Nb.Significantly,in cases involving small datasets,non-deep learning models with CE features outperformed deep learning models based on graph features reported in the literature.
基金the financial support from Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515012077)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401296)+3 种基金the financial support by Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program(Grant No.2023CX10L019)Bureau of Science and Technology of Jiangmen Municipality(Grant No.2320002001062)And this work is also partly supported by Guangdong S&T Programme(No.2022B1212040001)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao joint Laboratory(No.2023B1212120003).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates as stationary storage systems for power-grid applications due to their high safety and low cost.The practical implementation of Zn-ion batteries currently still faces formidable challenges because of Zn dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution,and inadequate environmental adaptability.Herein,to address these challenges,a strategy of regulation of water molecules coordination in electrolyte is proposed via developing a cross-linked hydrophilic hydrogel polymer electrolyte.Within this system,the continuous hydrogen bond among H_(2)O molecules is disrupted and the isolated H_(2)O molecules are strongly bound with a polymeric matrix comprised of polyacrylamide,carboxymethyl cellulose,and ethylene glycol,which can restrain the activity of H_(2)O molecules,thus effectively alleviating Zn dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution and enhancing the anti-freezing ability.With this electrolyte,the Zn||Cu cell presents a high coulombic efficiency of 99.4%over 900 cycles and Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits high cycling stability,maintaining plating/stripping for over 1,700 h.Moreover,the assembled Zn||PANI device also demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance over a wide-temperature range,including a long cycling life over 14,120 cycles at room temperature and an ultralong cycling surpassing 30,000 cycles even at−40℃.This showcases the manipulation of water coordination chemistry for advanced,highly adaptable batteries.
文摘Along with various human production or consumption activities,large-scale air pollution,water pollution,noise,land subsidence and other public nuisances that are harmful to human health and the living environment have emerged.With the emergence and rise of environmental awareness among the people of Taiwan region,in the face of the increasingly deteriorating environment,Taiwan has taken a series of measures.First of all,Article 9 of the Administrative Litigation Law first stipulates public interest litigation;then,Article 34 of the Basic Law on the Environment clearly stipulates the important documents for public interest litigation.In this paper,it is held that environmental maintenance and improvement is the responsibility of every citizen,not just that of the government.On the path of environmental public interest litigation,every citizen should have the right mindset and response strategies.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation Projec(08BJY126)Youth Program of China Ocean Development Research Center (AOCQN200821)~~
文摘Due to the weakness of island eco-environment and the dependence of tourism development on island environment,it urgently needs to make a study on environmental problems during island tourism development,so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of island tourism.The paper has concluded Chinese island environmental characteristics,analyzed the current situation of island tourism development and discussed environmental problems during island tourism development.On this basis,it has proposed some suggestions for island tourism environment protection.It should take island eco-environment protection as the premise and complete relevant laws and regulations;take foreign island tourism development as the reference,plan scientifically and build island eco-tourism mode;improve island infrastructures,prevent environmental pollution and protect island tourism environment with the government as the guidance;establish island environment monitoring station and tourism information monitoring station;enhance eco-environment protection education and cultivate responsible tourists and tourism staff;and intensify island supervision and regularize island tourism order.
基金Supported by the NNSF of China(10371092,10771185)the Foundation of Whuan University
文摘The concepts of bi-immigration birth and death density matrix in random environment and bi-immigration birth and death process in random environment are introduced.For any bi-immigration birth and death matrix in random environment Q(θ)with birth rateλ〈death rateμ,the following results are proved,(1)there is an unique q-process in random environment,P^-(θ*(0);t)=(p^-(θ^*(0);t,i,j),i,j≥0),which is ergodic,that is,lim t→∞(θ^*(0);t,i,j)=π^-(θ^*(0);j)≥0 does not depend on i≥0 and∑j≥0π(θ*(0);j)=1,(2)there is a bi-immigration birth and death process in random enjvironment(X^*={X^*,t≥0},ε^*={εt,t∈(-∞,∞)})with random transition matrix P^-(θ^*(0);t)such that X^*is a strictly stationary process.
基金Supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0102)the China Scholarship Council Program(202406190114)。
文摘Studying the coupling coordination development of new energy vehicles(NEVs)and the ecological environment in China is helpful in promoting the development of NEVs in the country and is of great significance in promoting high-quality development of new energy in China.This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the development of NEVs and the ecological environment.It uses game theory combining weighting model,particle swarm optimized projection tracking evaluation model,coupling coordination degree model,and machine learning algorithms to calculate and analyze the level of coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China from 2010 to 2021,and identifies the driving factors.The research results show that:(i)From 2010 to 2021,the development index of NEVs in China has steadily increased from 0.085 to 0.634,while the ecological environment level index significantly rose from 0.170 to 0.884,reflecting the continuous development of China in both NEVs and the ecological environment.(ii)From 2010 to 2012,the two systems—new energy vehicle(NEV)development and the ecological environment—were in a period of imbalance and decline.From 2013 to 2016,they underwent a transition period,and from 2017 to 2021,they entered a period of coordinated development showing a trend of benign and continuous improvement.By 2021,they reached a good level of coordination.(iii)Indicators such as the number of patents granted for NEVs,water consumption per unit of GDP,and energy consumption per unit of GDP are the main driving factors affecting the coupling coordination development of NEVs and the ecological environment in China.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L212029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62271043).
文摘To meet the requirements of electromagnetic(EM)theory and applied physics,this study presents an overview of the state-of-the-art research on obtaining the EM properties of media and points out potential solutions that can break through the bottlenecks of current methods.Firstly,based on the survey of three mainstream approaches for acquiring EM properties of media,we identify the difficulties when implementing them in realistic environments.With a focus on addressing these problems and challenges,we propose a novel paradigm for obtaining the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments.Particularly,within this paradigm,we describe the implementation approach of the key technology,namely“multipath extraction using heterogeneous wave propagation data in multi-spectrum cases”.Finally,the latest measurement and simulation results show that the EM properties of multi-type media in realistic environments can be precisely and efficiently acquired by the methodology proposed in this study.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.Y2024QC29)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Nos.2024-jbkyywf-lwj and 2024-jbkyywf-zyj).
文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with its high altitude and cold climate,is one of the most fragile ecological environments in China and is distinguished by its naturally elevated arsenic(As)levels in the soil,largely due to its rich mineral and geothermal resources.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of As content,focusing on its distribution,environmental migration,and transformation behavior across the plateau.The review further evaluates the distribution of As in different functional areas,revealing that geothermal fields(107.2 mg/kg),mining areas(53.8 mg/kg),and croplands(39.3 mg/kg)have the highest As concentrations,followed by river and lake sediments and adjacent areas(33.1 mg/kg).These elevated levels are primarily attributed to the presence of As-rich minerals,such as arsenopyrite and pyrite.Additionally,human activities,including mining and geothermal energy production,exacerbate the release of As into the environment.The review also highlights the role of localmicroorganisms,particularly those fromthe phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria,which possess As metabolic genes that facilitate As translocation.Given the unique climatic conditions of the plateau,conventionalmethods for As controlmay not be fully effective.However,the review identifies promising remediation strategies that are environmentally adaptable,such as the use of local microorganisms,specific adsorbents,and integrated technologies,which offer potential solutions for managing and utilizing Ascontaminated soils on the plateau.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Institute of Geomechanics(DZLXJK202401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177172,U2244226,42172255)+1 种基金the China Geological Survey Project(DD20230538)Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources ExplorationNational Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1000500)。
文摘Knowledge of the seismogenic environment of fault zones is critical for understanding the processes and mechanisms of large earthquakes.We conducted a rock magnetic study of the fault rocks and protoliths to investigate the seismogenic environment of earthquakes in the Motuo fault zone,in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.The results indicate that magnetite is the principal magnetic carrier in the fault rocks and protolith,while the protolith has a higher content of paramagnetic minerals than the fault rocks.The fault rocks are characterized by a high magnetic susceptibility relative to the protolith in the Motuo fault zone.This is likely due to the thermal alteration of paramagnetic minerals to magnetite caused by coseismic frictional heating with concomitant hydrothermal fluid circulation.The high magnetic susceptibility of the fault rocks and neoformed magnetite indicate that large earthquakes with frictional heating temperatures>500℃have occurred in the Motuo fault zone in the past,and that the fault maintained an oxidizing environment with weak fluid action during these earthquakes.Our results reveal the seismogenic environment of the Motuo fault zone,and they are potentially important for the evaluation of the regional stability in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.
