This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of ...[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.展开更多
Population aging is happening in many places,such as on the Chinese mainland and in Hong Kong.Hong Kong,with the second-highest percentage of older adults in Asia,is among the world’s fastest-aging societies.Moreover...Population aging is happening in many places,such as on the Chinese mainland and in Hong Kong.Hong Kong,with the second-highest percentage of older adults in Asia,is among the world’s fastest-aging societies.Moreover,the city has very high transit patronage:transit trips constitute approximately 90%of all trips.Given the significance of transit in Hong Kong,improving transit services for older adults is of substantial importance.In light of this,based on the data of transit satisfaction(or perception)collected by a questionnaire survey in March 2015(N=613),this study adopts the entropy weight method to determine the importance weights of an array of transit service quality attributes(e.g.,seat availability and travel stability).Then,it performs an index-based importance-satisfaction(I-S)analysis using the outcome of the previous step as a basis to determine priorities for transit service improvement.The results show that in the view of older adults,three service quality attributes in need of improvement are seat availability,waiting conditions,and service frequency.Accordingly,the paper puts forward policy implications for further implementation.展开更多
Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic ...Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic evalua‑tion index.The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index(GOH-IDI)to evaluate human,animal and environmental health development process globally.Method:First,82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory(GT)method,including open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,to establish a three-level indicator framework,which was composed of three selective codes,19 axial codes,and 79 open codes.Then,through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts,the indicators were further integrated and simplifed according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators.Finally,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indi‑cators,thus,forming the evaluation indicator framework of human,animal and environmental health development process.Results:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes,15 axial codes and 61 open codes.There were six axial codes for“Human Health”,of which“Infectious Diseases”had the highest weight(19.76%)and“Injuries and Violence”had the lowest weight(11.72%).There were four axial codes for“Animal Health”,of which“Animal Epidemic Disease”had the highest weight(39.28%)and“Animal Nutritional Status”had the low‑est weight(11.59%).Five axial codes were set under“Environmental Health”,among which,“Air Quality and Climate Change”had the highest weight(22.63%)and“Hazardous Chemicals”had the lowest weight(17.82%).Conclusions:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study.The framework were universal,balanced,and scientifc,which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human,animal and environmental health in diferent regions globally.展开更多
Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three pr...Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.展开更多
The building parameters of Chinese solar greenhouse(CSG)directly affect the front roof lighting and indoor thermal environment.In order to obtain the optimal parameter combination,a building parameter optimization met...The building parameters of Chinese solar greenhouse(CSG)directly affect the front roof lighting and indoor thermal environment.In order to obtain the optimal parameter combination,a building parameter optimization method based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation and entropy weight method was proposed.Firstly,a three-dimensional thermal and humidity environment model of CSG was constructed considering the coupling effect of soil,crop,and back wall based on CFD.The reliability of the model was validated through experiments in a CSG of Yongqing County,Hebei Province of China.Then,the indoor air temperature rise rate,air temperature and humidity uneven coefficient,and average air temperature and humidity were selected as the evaluation indicators of CSG thermal and humidity environment.The ridge height,back wall height and the horizontal projection of back roof of CSG were selected as the three factors of the orthogonal test plan,and a three-factor and four-level plan was designed,resulting in 16 different parameter combinations.By use of CFD simulation,the thermal and humidity environment evaluation indicators under different parameter combinations were calculated.The entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the evaluation indicators,and the comprehensive evaluation indicators of CSG thermal and humidity environment were obtained based on the linear weighting principle.By comparing comprehensive evaluation indicators,the optimal combination of building parameters was obtained with a ridge height of 5.72 m,a back wall height of 3.2 m,and a horizontal projection of 2.1 m on the back roof.The research results can provide a practical and feasible method for optimizing the building parameters of CSG,and provided theoretical guidance for the structural design and optimization of CSG.展开更多
In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights ...In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.展开更多
Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evalua...Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.展开更多
Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven facto...Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.展开更多
Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of...Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.展开更多
Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in...Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.展开更多
The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous ...The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous studies have shown that the formation and accumulation of oil and gas are closely related to deep structures,especially the crustal thickness or the relative undulation characteristics between the Moho and basement,but there is a lack of specific evaluation and quantitative standards.In this paper,we first invert the depth of the Moho in the Beibu Gulf Basin using satellite gravity anomalies and calculate the crustal thickness value based on this.Then,we count and analyze the crustal thickness value as well as the stretching factor that characterizes the crustal extension and thinning degree,and find that the NWW-trending contour closure of the 28 km Moho depth or 26 km crustal thickness corresponds significantly to the Weixinan-Fushan sag belt,which has already been proven to have considerable oil and gas discoveries,with a typical feature of crustal thinning to 22 km and the stretching factor reaching 1.1.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the entropy weight method to normalize and evaluate the statistical features of the crust,and take a comprehensive score of Si>0.5 as an evaluation indicator for an oil-gas-rich sag.Based on this research,we believe that the Haizhong sag has considerable exploratory potential,followed by the Maichen sag,while the Leidong and Haitoubei sags have relatively smaller exploratory potential.The research results will help strategic decision-making of the oil and gas exploration in the Beibu Gulf Basin and provide new perspectives for studying the relationship between deep structures and the differential distribution of oil-gas-rich sags.展开更多
In complex network systems,load redistribution strategy has become a key means to ensure stable system operation.In practical application,load redistribution strategy needs to comprehensively consider several factors,...In complex network systems,load redistribution strategy has become a key means to ensure stable system operation.In practical application,load redistribution strategy needs to comprehensively consider several factors,such as node degree,node residual capacity,and shortest path length.To address this issue,this paper proposes a local load redistribution strategy based on entropy weight TOPSIS method.The entropy weight TOPSIS method combines the advantages of entropy weight method and TOPSIS method,and determines the weights of each index by calculating its entropy value,which can objectively reflect the importance of each index in decision-making and avoid the interference of subjective factors.Meanwhile,the TOPSIS method evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each node by comparing the distance of each node from the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution,so as to determine the more suitable node as the assignable node.In this paper,the effectiveness of local load redistribution strategy based on entropy weight TOPSIS method is verified on BA scale-free network,WS small-world network,and WS-BA composite network,and the results show that the assignable nodes of the load redistribution strategy based on node’s maximum residual capacity and entropy weight TOPSIS have not only higher values of residual capacity,but also their node degree value and shortest path length value,which indicates that the load reallocation strategy is more integrated in selecting the assignable nodes.展开更多
New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed...New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.展开更多
This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method an...This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method and geodetic detector model.The results reveal the following.First,the overall URID in the Yangtze River Delta region(YRDR)accelerated.Cities in the central and eastern parts exhibit a greater URID,which decreases toward the west,north,and south,highlighting prominent developmental imbalances between cities.Second,integrated economic development between urban and rural areas(URAs)has consistently demonstrated superior performance.Social integration in URA has exhibited a steady upward trajectory,whereas the integration and improvement of urban and rural residents'quality of life have advanced at a comparatively modest pace.Third,the factors that significantly influence the URID within the YRDR include per capita GDP,postal and telecommunication services per capita,and the proportion of private car ownership.Conversely,the impact of governmental intervention and agricultural security appears to be comparatively diminished.Moreover,the combined influence of interacting dual factors surpasses that of individual elements,with the influence gradually stabilizing over time.Ultimately,this study provides policy suggestions to foster integrated urban and rural development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)with a focus on regional collaboration and development strategies.展开更多
Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green...Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.展开更多
This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and envir...This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and environment investigation need to know the coverage characteristics, the coverage capability of the remote sensing satellite is the most important index. Thus, it is very important to establish the method of effectiveness evaluation of coverage characteristics. This paper focuses on the assessment of coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite, and proposes and designs a multi-index evaluation method based on index weight using entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process. With a simulation case, the effectiveness evaluation results of single satellite coverage and multi-satellite coverage performance are given for the proposed assessment.The experimental results show that the established coverage characteristic model and the proposed assessment method are effective and right.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzz...This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.展开更多
The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment.Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development,but they also h...The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment.Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development,but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin.Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national,regional,urban agglomeration,city,and prefecture levels,but not at the watershed level.To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level,we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions:industrial resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,technological resilience,and organizational resilience.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin.The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010,2015,and 2020.Furthermore,the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences.The results of this study are as follows:(1)the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010–2015,and significant spatial distribution differences were observed,with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region;(2)the differences in urban resilience were noticeable,with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed,whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak;and(3)the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows:science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces.This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(12)5035)Jiangsu Agricultural "Three New Engineering" Project(SXGC[2014]299)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.
文摘Population aging is happening in many places,such as on the Chinese mainland and in Hong Kong.Hong Kong,with the second-highest percentage of older adults in Asia,is among the world’s fastest-aging societies.Moreover,the city has very high transit patronage:transit trips constitute approximately 90%of all trips.Given the significance of transit in Hong Kong,improving transit services for older adults is of substantial importance.In light of this,based on the data of transit satisfaction(or perception)collected by a questionnaire survey in March 2015(N=613),this study adopts the entropy weight method to determine the importance weights of an array of transit service quality attributes(e.g.,seat availability and travel stability).Then,it performs an index-based importance-satisfaction(I-S)analysis using the outcome of the previous step as a basis to determine priorities for transit service improvement.The results show that in the view of older adults,three service quality attributes in need of improvement are seat availability,waiting conditions,and service frequency.Accordingly,the paper puts forward policy implications for further implementation.
文摘Background:One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems.However,the pro‑gress of One Health implementation in many countries is still relatively slow,and there is a lack of systematic evalua‑tion index.The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index(GOH-IDI)to evaluate human,animal and environmental health development process globally.Method:First,82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory(GT)method,including open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,to establish a three-level indicator framework,which was composed of three selective codes,19 axial codes,and 79 open codes.Then,through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts,the indicators were further integrated and simplifed according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators.Finally,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process combined with the entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the indi‑cators,thus,forming the evaluation indicator framework of human,animal and environmental health development process.Results:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three selective codes,15 axial codes and 61 open codes.There were six axial codes for“Human Health”,of which“Infectious Diseases”had the highest weight(19.76%)and“Injuries and Violence”had the lowest weight(11.72%).There were four axial codes for“Animal Health”,of which“Animal Epidemic Disease”had the highest weight(39.28%)and“Animal Nutritional Status”had the low‑est weight(11.59%).Five axial codes were set under“Environmental Health”,among which,“Air Quality and Climate Change”had the highest weight(22.63%)and“Hazardous Chemicals”had the lowest weight(17.82%).Conclusions:An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study.The framework were universal,balanced,and scientifc,which hopefully to be a tool for evaluation of the joint development of human,animal and environmental health in diferent regions globally.
基金Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Water Resources(RC1973).
文摘Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.
基金support provided by Hebei Province Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.22327214D)Independent Research and Development Plan of Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Grant No.SP202101).
文摘The building parameters of Chinese solar greenhouse(CSG)directly affect the front roof lighting and indoor thermal environment.In order to obtain the optimal parameter combination,a building parameter optimization method based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation and entropy weight method was proposed.Firstly,a three-dimensional thermal and humidity environment model of CSG was constructed considering the coupling effect of soil,crop,and back wall based on CFD.The reliability of the model was validated through experiments in a CSG of Yongqing County,Hebei Province of China.Then,the indoor air temperature rise rate,air temperature and humidity uneven coefficient,and average air temperature and humidity were selected as the evaluation indicators of CSG thermal and humidity environment.The ridge height,back wall height and the horizontal projection of back roof of CSG were selected as the three factors of the orthogonal test plan,and a three-factor and four-level plan was designed,resulting in 16 different parameter combinations.By use of CFD simulation,the thermal and humidity environment evaluation indicators under different parameter combinations were calculated.The entropy weight method was used to assign weights to the evaluation indicators,and the comprehensive evaluation indicators of CSG thermal and humidity environment were obtained based on the linear weighting principle.By comparing comprehensive evaluation indicators,the optimal combination of building parameters was obtained with a ridge height of 5.72 m,a back wall height of 3.2 m,and a horizontal projection of 2.1 m on the back roof.The research results can provide a practical and feasible method for optimizing the building parameters of CSG,and provided theoretical guidance for the structural design and optimization of CSG.
文摘In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.
文摘Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3200026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2243238)。
文摘Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.
基金The project of the Chinese Geological Survey'Survey of geothermal resources in the northern branch of Luoxiao Mountains'(Grant No.DD20221677-2)the special funds for basic scientific research business'Research on dome structure and circulation mechanism of annular hot spring chain'(Grant No.JKY202004)funded this research project。
文摘Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.
基金This research was jointly supported by the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20242481)Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology,MNR(2020YFL33)。
文摘Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.
基金The Scientific and Technological Project of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research Institute Co.,Ltd.under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQNthe Open Fund Project for the year 2022 of National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration under contract No.CCL2022RCPS0794RQN.
文摘The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous studies have shown that the formation and accumulation of oil and gas are closely related to deep structures,especially the crustal thickness or the relative undulation characteristics between the Moho and basement,but there is a lack of specific evaluation and quantitative standards.In this paper,we first invert the depth of the Moho in the Beibu Gulf Basin using satellite gravity anomalies and calculate the crustal thickness value based on this.Then,we count and analyze the crustal thickness value as well as the stretching factor that characterizes the crustal extension and thinning degree,and find that the NWW-trending contour closure of the 28 km Moho depth or 26 km crustal thickness corresponds significantly to the Weixinan-Fushan sag belt,which has already been proven to have considerable oil and gas discoveries,with a typical feature of crustal thinning to 22 km and the stretching factor reaching 1.1.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the entropy weight method to normalize and evaluate the statistical features of the crust,and take a comprehensive score of Si>0.5 as an evaluation indicator for an oil-gas-rich sag.Based on this research,we believe that the Haizhong sag has considerable exploratory potential,followed by the Maichen sag,while the Leidong and Haitoubei sags have relatively smaller exploratory potential.The research results will help strategic decision-making of the oil and gas exploration in the Beibu Gulf Basin and provide new perspectives for studying the relationship between deep structures and the differential distribution of oil-gas-rich sags.
文摘In complex network systems,load redistribution strategy has become a key means to ensure stable system operation.In practical application,load redistribution strategy needs to comprehensively consider several factors,such as node degree,node residual capacity,and shortest path length.To address this issue,this paper proposes a local load redistribution strategy based on entropy weight TOPSIS method.The entropy weight TOPSIS method combines the advantages of entropy weight method and TOPSIS method,and determines the weights of each index by calculating its entropy value,which can objectively reflect the importance of each index in decision-making and avoid the interference of subjective factors.Meanwhile,the TOPSIS method evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each node by comparing the distance of each node from the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution,so as to determine the more suitable node as the assignable node.In this paper,the effectiveness of local load redistribution strategy based on entropy weight TOPSIS method is verified on BA scale-free network,WS small-world network,and WS-BA composite network,and the results show that the assignable nodes of the load redistribution strategy based on node’s maximum residual capacity and entropy weight TOPSIS have not only higher values of residual capacity,but also their node degree value and shortest path length value,which indicates that the load reallocation strategy is more integrated in selecting the assignable nodes.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China(Grant No.21YJA790009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72140001).
文摘New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.
基金supported by the Anhui University Philosophy and Social Science Research Major Project[grant numbers:2023AH040033]the Anhui Housing Urban and Rural Construction Science and Technology Plan Project[grant number:2023-RK059]the Anhui Jianzhu University quality engineering project,economic management innovation team construction project[grant number:LJ22087].
文摘This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method and geodetic detector model.The results reveal the following.First,the overall URID in the Yangtze River Delta region(YRDR)accelerated.Cities in the central and eastern parts exhibit a greater URID,which decreases toward the west,north,and south,highlighting prominent developmental imbalances between cities.Second,integrated economic development between urban and rural areas(URAs)has consistently demonstrated superior performance.Social integration in URA has exhibited a steady upward trajectory,whereas the integration and improvement of urban and rural residents'quality of life have advanced at a comparatively modest pace.Third,the factors that significantly influence the URID within the YRDR include per capita GDP,postal and telecommunication services per capita,and the proportion of private car ownership.Conversely,the impact of governmental intervention and agricultural security appears to be comparatively diminished.Moreover,the combined influence of interacting dual factors surpasses that of individual elements,with the influence gradually stabilizing over time.Ultimately,this study provides policy suggestions to foster integrated urban and rural development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)with a focus on regional collaboration and development strategies.
基金The Impact of Digital Economy on Green Development Efficiency.2025 Nanjing University of Science and Technology Zijin College Campus Level Scientific Research Project(Project No.:2025ZXSK0401011)。
文摘Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.
基金co-supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB046403)the research project of Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
文摘This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and environment investigation need to know the coverage characteristics, the coverage capability of the remote sensing satellite is the most important index. Thus, it is very important to establish the method of effectiveness evaluation of coverage characteristics. This paper focuses on the assessment of coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite, and proposes and designs a multi-index evaluation method based on index weight using entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process. With a simulation case, the effectiveness evaluation results of single satellite coverage and multi-satellite coverage performance are given for the proposed assessment.The experimental results show that the established coverage characteristic model and the proposed assessment method are effective and right.
文摘This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.
基金supported by the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The Yellow River Basin of China is a key region that contains myriad interactions between human activities and natural environment.Industrialization and urbanization promote social-economic development,but they also have generated a series of environmental and ecological issues in this basin.Previous researches have evaluated urban resilience at the national,regional,urban agglomeration,city,and prefecture levels,but not at the watershed level.To address this research gap and elevate the Yellow River Basin’s urban resilience level,we constructed an urban resilience evaluation index system from five dimensions:industrial resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,technological resilience,and organizational resilience.The entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin.The exploratory spatial data analysis method was employed to study the spatiotemporal differences in urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin in 2010,2015,and 2020.Furthermore,the grey correlation analysis method was utilized to explore the influencing factors of these differences.The results of this study are as follows:(1)the overall level of urban resilience in the Yellow River Basin was relatively low but showed an increasing trend during 2010–2015,and significant spatial distribution differences were observed,with a higher resilience level in the eastern region and a low-medium resilience level in the western region;(2)the differences in urban resilience were noticeable,with industrial resilience and social resilience being relatively highly developed,whereas organizational resilience and environmental resilience were relatively weak;and(3)the correlation ranking of resilience influencing factors was as follows:science and technology level>administrative power>openness>market forces.This research can provide a basis for improving the resilience level of cities in the Yellow River Basin and contribute to the high-quality development of the region.
