Background Coccidiosis,caused by Eimeria parasites,is a major enteric disease in poultry,significantly impacting animal health,production performance,and welfare.This disease imposes a substantial economic burden,cost...Background Coccidiosis,caused by Eimeria parasites,is a major enteric disease in poultry,significantly impacting animal health,production performance,and welfare.This disease imposes a substantial economic burden,costing the global poultry industry up to$13 billion annually.However,effective mitigation strategies for coccidiosis remain elusive.While different chicken breeds exhibit varying resistance to coccidiosis,no commensal bacteria have been directly linked to this resistance.Methods To assess relative resistance of different breeds to coccidiosis,10-day-old Fayoumi M5.1,Leghorn Ghs6,and Cobb chickens were challenged with 50,000 sporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts or mock-infected.Body weight changes,small intestinal lesions,and fecal oocyst shedding were evaluated on d 17.Ileal and cecal digesta were collected from individual animals on d 17 and subjected to microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results Fayoumi M5.1 chickens showed the lowest growth retardation,intestinal lesion score,fecal oocyst shedding,and pathobiont proliferation compared to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens.The intestinal microbiota of M5.1 chickens also differed markedly from the other two breeds under both healthy and coccidiosis conditions.Notably,group A Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus salivarius were the least prevalent in both the ileum and cecum of healthy M5.1 chickens,but became highly enriched and comparable to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens in response to coccidiosis.Conversely,Weissella,Staphylococcus gallinarum,and Enterococcus durans/hirae were more abundant in the ileum of healthy M5.1 chickens than in the other two breeds.Despite being reduced by Eimeria,these bacteria retained higher abundance in M5.1 chickens compared to the other breeds.Conclusions Fayoumi M5.1 chickens exhibit greater resistance to coccidiosis than Leghorn Ghs6 layers and Cobb broilers.Several commensal bacteria,including group A Lactobacillus,L.salivarius,Weissella,S.gallinarum,and E.durans/hirae,are differentially enriched in Fayoumi M5.1 chickens with strong correlation with coccidiosis resistance.These bacteria hold potential as probiotics for coccidiosis mitigation.展开更多
BACKGROUND According to the literature,significant disorders of gut microbiota are consistently observed in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Disorders of gut microbiota composition are manifesting clinically as ab...BACKGROUND According to the literature,significant disorders of gut microbiota are consistently observed in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Disorders of gut microbiota composition are manifesting clinically as abdominal pain,dyspeptic symptoms(such as rumbling,bloating,and altered bowel habits,including both constipation and diarrhea),and overall reduced quality of life.Also,negative changes in the microbiota may be associated with a more frequent development of postoperative complications and complications during chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with CRC underwent surgery(laparoscopic left hemicolectomy)and were prescribed chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin,leucovorin,and fluorouracil.Along with prescribed chemotherapy patients took autoprobiotic enterococci.A fecal sample was collected for autoprobiotic preparation,ensuring that the patient had not taken antibiotics,probiotic supplements,or probiotic-containing foods for at least 10 days.An autoprobiotic contained an indigenous strain of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium)was formulated.The patients received the autoprobiotic strain E.faecium(liquid form with a concentration of 8 Lg CFU/mL)orally at a dose of 50 mL twice daily during 10 days,regardless of meal times,from the first day of cytostatic treatment,throughout the first course of chemotherapy.As a result,autoprobiotic intake improved patient well-being and prevent side effects associated with the use of cytostatics.CONCLUSION The use of autoprobiotics in the treatment of CRC is a promising area to reduce the risks of postoperative complications,increase the tolerability of the basic chemotherapeutic regimen,as well as improve the quality of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND The upsurge of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge to public health,and the dry pipeline of new antibiotics has prompted the discovery of alternative treatment approaches.Enterococcus faecalis(...BACKGROUND The upsurge of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge to public health,and the dry pipeline of new antibiotics has prompted the discovery of alternative treatment approaches.Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)isolates are often multidrugresistant,posing challenges to antibiotic therapy.Bacteriophage therapy is being explored as an alternative method to treat the growing population of antibioticresistant infections.Nevertheless,many inherent limitations of phages diminish their therapeutic utility,notably the restricted host range and quick development of mutants.The specific types and quantities of bacteriophages and antibiotics may be crucial in generating the optimal phage-antibiotic synergy.AIM To optimize the doses,order,and timing to optimize the synergy of phages and vancomycin on different bacteria states.METHODS A volume of 180μL of E.faecalis bacteria in the logarithmic growth phase,with a concentration of approximately 1×10^(8)colony forming units(CFUs)/mL,was introduced onto a microtitre plate.Subsequently,20μL of phage suspension(1×10^(6)PFUs/mL),vancomycin(16μg/mL),or a combination of both was introduced into the designated wells in the specified sequence and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.The number of live bacteria was counted at different time points using standardized CFU counting protocols.RESULTS The biofilm model demonstrated that combining phages with vancomycin can eradicate the biofilm.Sequential therapy,involving phage application 8 hours before the antibiotic at a concentration of 108 PFUs/mL,proved the most efficient in eliminating the biofilms and killing the planktonic form of E.faecalis.CONCLUSION The combination of phageɸEFP01 at a higher concentration with a subinhibitory concentration of vancomycin yields a synergistic antibacterial outcome on E.faecalis strain resistant to vancomycin.展开更多
This study provides different opinion for exploring the mechanism of catechin(CAT)relieving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),it is more innovative to explore from the perspective of intestinal microorganism.Through ...This study provides different opinion for exploring the mechanism of catechin(CAT)relieving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),it is more innovative to explore from the perspective of intestinal microorganism.Through in vitro fermentation experiments,CAT could improve the abundance of Enterococcus,and Enterococcus faecalis(EF)accounts for the vast majority of Enterococcus in human gut.The experimental results in vivo showed that EF group and CAT+EF group could reduce the body weight,liver index and epididymal fat index of NASH mice,and improve the changes of serum and liver indexes.Hematoxylin-eosin staining observation showed that these two groups have greatly improved the fatty degeneration,balloon degeneration and necrotic focus caused by NASH.The alleviation of CAT+EF group was more obvious.Results of targeted metabonomics showed that CAT could promote EF to produce more methyl palmitate(C_(16:0)),which plays a great role in relieving NASH.Our results indicated that EF could alleviate NASH and CAT+EF group had better alleviation may due to more production of methyl palmitate(C_(16:0))by EF.This study provides a new idea for CAT to alleviate NASH.展开更多
BACKGROUND At present,there are few studies on the risk factors for bile leakage after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)for older patients with choledocholithiasis.AIM To identify the potential risk fac...BACKGROUND At present,there are few studies on the risk factors for bile leakage after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)for older patients with choledocholithiasis.AIM To identify the potential risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE in older patients.METHODS A retrospective,single-center observational analysis was performed on patients aged≥70 years with choledocholithiasis treated by LCBDE who were admitted to our center between January 2011 and August 2022.The included patients were divided into non-bile leakage and bile leakage groups.Risk factors were determined by analyzing the observation indicators.RESULTS Seventy older patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent LCBDE were included.Univariate analysis showed that positive culture of bile bacteria was a risk factor for bile leakage after LCBDE(P<0.05).We further analyzed the bile bacteria,and univariate analysis showed that Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)(P<0.05)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P<0.05)were associated with an increased risk of postoperative bile leakage in older patients(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that E. faecalis was an independent risk factor for postoperative bile leakage in older patients (P < 0.05). Theresults of antibiotic sensitivity analysis showed that E. faecalis had 100% susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin,linezolid, vancomycin, and furantoin.CONCLUSIONE. faecalis-associated biliary tract infection is an independent risk factor for bile leakage after LCBDE in olderpatients with choledocholithiasis. We suggest coverage with antibiotics to which E. faecalis is sensitive.展开更多
The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to spec...The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus alo...Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified.105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air,dust,feces,fies,sewage,and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken,chick,young chicken,and commercial laying hen).These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics,such as tetracycline (92.4%),streptomycin (92.4%),and erythromycin (91.4%),and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes.Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates,and lsa(E),which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins,always co-occurred with lnu(B).Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554,Tn558,Tn6261,and Tn6674) with several ARGs(erm(A),ant(9)-la,fex(A),and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics.Moreover,we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492.A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms.Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention,and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain,thereby warranting effective disinfection.展开更多
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse env...Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high level of resistance to penicilline (99.3% to Ampicilline), macrolides (66.2% to Erythromycin) and cyclines (85.2% to Doxycycline). Hospitalisation, access to health facilities, contact with urine specimen and hand hygiene practices were risk factors related to infection with Enterococcus spp while hospitalisation, health facility and hand hygiene were related to glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus. Strict compliance with hygiene rules and appropriate antibiotic consumption could help in the fight against these infections.展开更多
Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are consid...Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are considered an effective means of transmitting enterococcal septicemia, and catheters are at the forefront in terms of danger. Based on this risk, this study aimed to monitor the spread of Enterococcus sp., which causes blood poisoning acquired from catheters, and to compare its response to antibiotics with that of those isolated from clinical samples in children, as a first study locally. The effectiveness of alkaloids of different types of Papaver sp. In Syrian plants, they were tested against infection with this bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study dealt with two parts: The first part included collecting clinical samples from the University Children’s Hospital in Damascus/bacterial diagnostic laboratories/then isolating and diagnosing the bacteria by following a set of tests to identify the most prevalent genera and species and comparing their prevalence rate with Enterococcus. The second part;It included collecting plant samples, confirming the species taxonomically, then extracting alkaloids from plant parts (fruit, stem, Flowers), then comparing the extent of resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics compared to the Enterococcus sp., and then confirming the antibacterial activity of the Papaver sp. alkaloids against Enterococcus sp. Result:In its first part, the study confirmed the significant contribution of the Enterococcus sp. to infections acquired from various sources, largely in catheter tip infections (9.09%) and to a lesser extent in other sources (3.7%), The second part was to confirm the effective-ness of the alkaloid extract of the Papaver sp., especially the two species Papaver syriacum, and Papaver dubium, against Enterococcus sp. with areole diameters that ranged between (15 - 26 mm) for the fruit extract and at a minimum inhibitory concentration (3.12 - 6.25 mml) and then the stem (5 - 20 mm). And the effectiveness of the Flowers extract is very weak to almost non-existent. Conclusions: The catheter and medical sources surrounding the patient constitute a dangerous source of multi-resistant Enterococcus sp., which poses a real threat to the lives of children, with new mechanisms represented by colonization of the skin and the ability to form biofilms Surfaces of medical instruments, with are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. As an alternative and effective modern source to limit its spread in the future, the alkaloid extract of the fruits and stems of the wild Papaver sp. has proven a strong antibiotic effect, especially the two types: Papaver syriacum and Papaver dubium.展开更多
The rough crystal of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus durans, a strain of lactic acid bacteria screened from the intestine of a cock in our laboratory, was purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography, DEA...The rough crystal of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus durans, a strain of lactic acid bacteria screened from the intestine of a cock in our laboratory, was purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography to give EPS-Ⅰ. The EPS-Ⅰ was eluted as a single peak in HPLC analysis, indicating the homogeneity of EPS-Ⅰ and free from low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the EPS-Ⅰ was determined as 42 000 by the light scattering method. The result of its elemental analysis was C 41.08% and H 7.23% without the elements of N, P and S. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it was composed of Glc and Man in a molar ratio of 4∶1. Sugar composition analysis, methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that the EPS-Ⅰ was composed of pentasaccharide repeating units. The sequence of sugar residues was determined by using two-dimensional NMR, including heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation(HMBC) and nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy(NOESY). The structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of EPS-Ⅰ was given, a new excellular polysaccharide from lactic acid bacterium compared with other EPSs was reported.展开更多
对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行富集培养,从混合菌群中筛选高效产絮凝细菌。经过5次平板分离,获得一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的产絮凝细菌W17。根据形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Enterococcus sp.W17（Genebank号...对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行富集培养,从混合菌群中筛选高效产絮凝细菌。经过5次平板分离,获得一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的产絮凝细菌W17。根据形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Enterococcus sp.W17（Genebank号KP198609）。在不同碳源（葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、乳糖、纤维素和淀粉）、起始p H值（5.0~10.0）和盐度（4‰~70‰）等培养条件下,分别测定菌株W17生长和产絮凝性质。结果表明,菌株W17能够利用多种碳源进行生长和产絮凝,其中葡萄糖是菌株W17生长和产絮凝的最适碳源。在起始p H值5.0~10.0范围内,菌株W17产絮凝的最适起始p H值是6.0,絮凝率可达到（91±5.83）%。菌株W17在设定盐度范围内,都能够生长并具有产絮凝性质,该菌株表现出较强的耐盐性。在淡水和海水培养条件下,菌株W17的产絮凝率分别是（94±5.50）%和（87±5.67）%。产絮凝菌株W17有望应该用于废水特别是高盐废水的处理。展开更多
基金funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grants(2022-67016-37208 and 2024-67016-42415)the Ralph F.and Leila W.Boulware Endowment Fund,Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Project H-3268+1 种基金Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station Project IOW05620supported by two separate USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Predoctoral Fellowship grants(2024-67011-42944 and 2021-67034-35184).
文摘Background Coccidiosis,caused by Eimeria parasites,is a major enteric disease in poultry,significantly impacting animal health,production performance,and welfare.This disease imposes a substantial economic burden,costing the global poultry industry up to$13 billion annually.However,effective mitigation strategies for coccidiosis remain elusive.While different chicken breeds exhibit varying resistance to coccidiosis,no commensal bacteria have been directly linked to this resistance.Methods To assess relative resistance of different breeds to coccidiosis,10-day-old Fayoumi M5.1,Leghorn Ghs6,and Cobb chickens were challenged with 50,000 sporulated Eimeria maxima oocysts or mock-infected.Body weight changes,small intestinal lesions,and fecal oocyst shedding were evaluated on d 17.Ileal and cecal digesta were collected from individual animals on d 17 and subjected to microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results Fayoumi M5.1 chickens showed the lowest growth retardation,intestinal lesion score,fecal oocyst shedding,and pathobiont proliferation compared to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens.The intestinal microbiota of M5.1 chickens also differed markedly from the other two breeds under both healthy and coccidiosis conditions.Notably,group A Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus salivarius were the least prevalent in both the ileum and cecum of healthy M5.1 chickens,but became highly enriched and comparable to Ghs6 and Cobb chickens in response to coccidiosis.Conversely,Weissella,Staphylococcus gallinarum,and Enterococcus durans/hirae were more abundant in the ileum of healthy M5.1 chickens than in the other two breeds.Despite being reduced by Eimeria,these bacteria retained higher abundance in M5.1 chickens compared to the other breeds.Conclusions Fayoumi M5.1 chickens exhibit greater resistance to coccidiosis than Leghorn Ghs6 layers and Cobb broilers.Several commensal bacteria,including group A Lactobacillus,L.salivarius,Weissella,S.gallinarum,and E.durans/hirae,are differentially enriched in Fayoumi M5.1 chickens with strong correlation with coccidiosis resistance.These bacteria hold potential as probiotics for coccidiosis mitigation.
文摘BACKGROUND According to the literature,significant disorders of gut microbiota are consistently observed in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Disorders of gut microbiota composition are manifesting clinically as abdominal pain,dyspeptic symptoms(such as rumbling,bloating,and altered bowel habits,including both constipation and diarrhea),and overall reduced quality of life.Also,negative changes in the microbiota may be associated with a more frequent development of postoperative complications and complications during chemotherapy.CASE SUMMARY Two patients with CRC underwent surgery(laparoscopic left hemicolectomy)and were prescribed chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin,leucovorin,and fluorouracil.Along with prescribed chemotherapy patients took autoprobiotic enterococci.A fecal sample was collected for autoprobiotic preparation,ensuring that the patient had not taken antibiotics,probiotic supplements,or probiotic-containing foods for at least 10 days.An autoprobiotic contained an indigenous strain of Enterococcus faecium(E.faecium)was formulated.The patients received the autoprobiotic strain E.faecium(liquid form with a concentration of 8 Lg CFU/mL)orally at a dose of 50 mL twice daily during 10 days,regardless of meal times,from the first day of cytostatic treatment,throughout the first course of chemotherapy.As a result,autoprobiotic intake improved patient well-being and prevent side effects associated with the use of cytostatics.CONCLUSION The use of autoprobiotics in the treatment of CRC is a promising area to reduce the risks of postoperative complications,increase the tolerability of the basic chemotherapeutic regimen,as well as improve the quality of life.
文摘BACKGROUND The upsurge of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge to public health,and the dry pipeline of new antibiotics has prompted the discovery of alternative treatment approaches.Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)isolates are often multidrugresistant,posing challenges to antibiotic therapy.Bacteriophage therapy is being explored as an alternative method to treat the growing population of antibioticresistant infections.Nevertheless,many inherent limitations of phages diminish their therapeutic utility,notably the restricted host range and quick development of mutants.The specific types and quantities of bacteriophages and antibiotics may be crucial in generating the optimal phage-antibiotic synergy.AIM To optimize the doses,order,and timing to optimize the synergy of phages and vancomycin on different bacteria states.METHODS A volume of 180μL of E.faecalis bacteria in the logarithmic growth phase,with a concentration of approximately 1×10^(8)colony forming units(CFUs)/mL,was introduced onto a microtitre plate.Subsequently,20μL of phage suspension(1×10^(6)PFUs/mL),vancomycin(16μg/mL),or a combination of both was introduced into the designated wells in the specified sequence and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.The number of live bacteria was counted at different time points using standardized CFU counting protocols.RESULTS The biofilm model demonstrated that combining phages with vancomycin can eradicate the biofilm.Sequential therapy,involving phage application 8 hours before the antibiotic at a concentration of 108 PFUs/mL,proved the most efficient in eliminating the biofilms and killing the planktonic form of E.faecalis.CONCLUSION The combination of phageɸEFP01 at a higher concentration with a subinhibitory concentration of vancomycin yields a synergistic antibacterial outcome on E.faecalis strain resistant to vancomycin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202200)Shanghai Excellent Academic/Technical Leaders Project(23XD1430500).
文摘This study provides different opinion for exploring the mechanism of catechin(CAT)relieving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),it is more innovative to explore from the perspective of intestinal microorganism.Through in vitro fermentation experiments,CAT could improve the abundance of Enterococcus,and Enterococcus faecalis(EF)accounts for the vast majority of Enterococcus in human gut.The experimental results in vivo showed that EF group and CAT+EF group could reduce the body weight,liver index and epididymal fat index of NASH mice,and improve the changes of serum and liver indexes.Hematoxylin-eosin staining observation showed that these two groups have greatly improved the fatty degeneration,balloon degeneration and necrotic focus caused by NASH.The alleviation of CAT+EF group was more obvious.Results of targeted metabonomics showed that CAT could promote EF to produce more methyl palmitate(C_(16:0)),which plays a great role in relieving NASH.Our results indicated that EF could alleviate NASH and CAT+EF group had better alleviation may due to more production of methyl palmitate(C_(16:0))by EF.This study provides a new idea for CAT to alleviate NASH.
基金Supported by the Ke Qiao Science and Technology Plan Projects,No.2022KZ70.
文摘BACKGROUND At present,there are few studies on the risk factors for bile leakage after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)for older patients with choledocholithiasis.AIM To identify the potential risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE in older patients.METHODS A retrospective,single-center observational analysis was performed on patients aged≥70 years with choledocholithiasis treated by LCBDE who were admitted to our center between January 2011 and August 2022.The included patients were divided into non-bile leakage and bile leakage groups.Risk factors were determined by analyzing the observation indicators.RESULTS Seventy older patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent LCBDE were included.Univariate analysis showed that positive culture of bile bacteria was a risk factor for bile leakage after LCBDE(P<0.05).We further analyzed the bile bacteria,and univariate analysis showed that Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis)(P<0.05)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P<0.05)were associated with an increased risk of postoperative bile leakage in older patients(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that E. faecalis was an independent risk factor for postoperative bile leakage in older patients (P < 0.05). Theresults of antibiotic sensitivity analysis showed that E. faecalis had 100% susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin,linezolid, vancomycin, and furantoin.CONCLUSIONE. faecalis-associated biliary tract infection is an independent risk factor for bile leakage after LCBDE in olderpatients with choledocholithiasis. We suggest coverage with antibiotics to which E. faecalis is sensitive.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601602)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090023)Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center,China。
文摘The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2022YFC2303900 and2022YFD1800400)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U21A20257 and 31830098)+1 种基金the National System of Layer Production Technology (No.CARS-40-K-14)the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (Nos.2022ZDZX0017 and 2021YFH0192)。
文摘Antimicrobial resistance in the laying hen production industry has become a serious public health problem.The antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of the common conditional pathogen Enterococcus along the laying hen production chain have not been systematically clarified.105 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from 115 environmental samples (air,dust,feces,fies,sewage,and soil) collected along the laying hen production chain (breeding chicken,chick,young chicken,and commercial laying hen).These Enterococcus isolates exhibited resistance to some clinically relevant antibiotics,such as tetracycline (92.4%),streptomycin (92.4%),and erythromycin (91.4%),and all strains had multidrug resistance phenotypes.Whole genome sequencing characterized 29 acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to 11 classes of antibiotics in 51pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates,and lsa(E),which mediates resistance to pleuromutilins,always co-occurred with lnu(B).Alignments with the Mobile Genetic Elements database identified four transposons (Tn554,Tn558,Tn6261,and Tn6674) with several ARGs(erm(A),ant(9)-la,fex(A),and optrA) that mediated resistance to many clinically important antibiotics.Moreover,we identified two new transposons that carried ARGs in the Tn554 family designated as Tn7508 and Tn7492.A complementary approach based on conventional multi-locus sequence typing and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that phylogenetically related pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus isolates were widely distributed in various environments on different production farms.Our results indicate that environmental contamination by antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus requires greater attention,and they highlight the risk of pleuromutilin-resistant Enterococcus and ARGs disseminating along the laying hen production chain,thereby warranting effective disinfection.
文摘Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high level of resistance to penicilline (99.3% to Ampicilline), macrolides (66.2% to Erythromycin) and cyclines (85.2% to Doxycycline). Hospitalisation, access to health facilities, contact with urine specimen and hand hygiene practices were risk factors related to infection with Enterococcus spp while hospitalisation, health facility and hand hygiene were related to glycopeptide resistant Enterococcus. Strict compliance with hygiene rules and appropriate antibiotic consumption could help in the fight against these infections.
文摘Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are considered an effective means of transmitting enterococcal septicemia, and catheters are at the forefront in terms of danger. Based on this risk, this study aimed to monitor the spread of Enterococcus sp., which causes blood poisoning acquired from catheters, and to compare its response to antibiotics with that of those isolated from clinical samples in children, as a first study locally. The effectiveness of alkaloids of different types of Papaver sp. In Syrian plants, they were tested against infection with this bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study dealt with two parts: The first part included collecting clinical samples from the University Children’s Hospital in Damascus/bacterial diagnostic laboratories/then isolating and diagnosing the bacteria by following a set of tests to identify the most prevalent genera and species and comparing their prevalence rate with Enterococcus. The second part;It included collecting plant samples, confirming the species taxonomically, then extracting alkaloids from plant parts (fruit, stem, Flowers), then comparing the extent of resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics compared to the Enterococcus sp., and then confirming the antibacterial activity of the Papaver sp. alkaloids against Enterococcus sp. Result:In its first part, the study confirmed the significant contribution of the Enterococcus sp. to infections acquired from various sources, largely in catheter tip infections (9.09%) and to a lesser extent in other sources (3.7%), The second part was to confirm the effective-ness of the alkaloid extract of the Papaver sp., especially the two species Papaver syriacum, and Papaver dubium, against Enterococcus sp. with areole diameters that ranged between (15 - 26 mm) for the fruit extract and at a minimum inhibitory concentration (3.12 - 6.25 mml) and then the stem (5 - 20 mm). And the effectiveness of the Flowers extract is very weak to almost non-existent. Conclusions: The catheter and medical sources surrounding the patient constitute a dangerous source of multi-resistant Enterococcus sp., which poses a real threat to the lives of children, with new mechanisms represented by colonization of the skin and the ability to form biofilms Surfaces of medical instruments, with are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. As an alternative and effective modern source to limit its spread in the future, the alkaloid extract of the fruits and stems of the wild Papaver sp. has proven a strong antibiotic effect, especially the two types: Papaver syriacum and Papaver dubium.
文摘The rough crystal of exopolysaccharide produced by Enterococcus durans, a strain of lactic acid bacteria screened from the intestine of a cock in our laboratory, was purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography to give EPS-Ⅰ. The EPS-Ⅰ was eluted as a single peak in HPLC analysis, indicating the homogeneity of EPS-Ⅰ and free from low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the EPS-Ⅰ was determined as 42 000 by the light scattering method. The result of its elemental analysis was C 41.08% and H 7.23% without the elements of N, P and S. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it was composed of Glc and Man in a molar ratio of 4∶1. Sugar composition analysis, methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that the EPS-Ⅰ was composed of pentasaccharide repeating units. The sequence of sugar residues was determined by using two-dimensional NMR, including heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation(HMBC) and nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy(NOESY). The structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of EPS-Ⅰ was given, a new excellular polysaccharide from lactic acid bacterium compared with other EPSs was reported.
