The present study aimed to evaluate multi-element concentrations(Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sr)in suspended particulate material(SPM)collected from Ensenada de La Paz(ELP)lagoon,Baja California Sur,Mexico ...The present study aimed to evaluate multi-element concentrations(Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sr)in suspended particulate material(SPM)collected from Ensenada de La Paz(ELP)lagoon,Baja California Sur,Mexico in two different periods(September and May)to comprehend their origin,geochemical behavior,mass transfer and associated ecotoxicological risks.The 24 hr variation coefficient of volumetric SPM levels were found to be 51.7%in September and 40.5%in May,signifying the effects of oceanic waters.The calculated enrichment factor(EF)values for all the studied elements were of higher magnitude because of the high surface area and oxide nature of SPM,and in this study,Mo had the highest EF of 46.77 probably due to its origin from continental weathering.From the ecotoxicological perspective,the integrated toxic risk index revealed low toxic risk to the benthic community.However,the mean-ERM-Quotient calculated using the particulate concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb indicated 9%probability of toxicity to biota.The comprehensive geochemical and ecotoxicological assessment of particulate metal concentrations in the ELP lagoon signify low to moderate contamination.展开更多
A series of numerical experiments from a barotropic configuration of the General Curvilinear Ocean Model (GCOM) was conducted to analyze the response to infragravity (IG) waves of the Port of Ensenada, located within ...A series of numerical experiments from a barotropic configuration of the General Curvilinear Ocean Model (GCOM) was conducted to analyze the response to infragravity (IG) waves of the Port of Ensenada, located within Bahia de Todos Santos (BTS), west coast of Mexico. Experiments with forcing frequencies f = 50?1 min?1, f = 30?1 min?1, f = 25?1 min?1 and f = 16.66?1 min?1 showed the expected increase of energy at the corresponding forcing frequency band and also the appearance of secondary peaks of energy at frequency bands f = 8.33?1 min?1 and f = 4.16?1 min?1 which were identified as modes f<sub>1 </sub>and f<sub>2</sub>;being the band at f = 16.66?1 min?1 the zeroth f<sub>0</sub> mode. Maximum peak of spectral energy from the numerical experiments was found at frequency band f<sub>0</sub> = 16.66?1 min?1 which agreed with the estimated maximum value of the amplification factor and with the T<sub>0</sub> mode of oscillation of the port. Distribution of amplitudes inside PE for modes f<sub>0</sub>, f<sub>1</sub> and f<sub>2</sub> were also presented. Mode f<sub>0</sub> represents a quarter-wave oscillation with amplitudes of the same sign;mode f<sub>1</sub> has two nodal lines and mode f<sub>2</sub> presents and additional one. Corresponding harbor currents were also calculated, they were in the range 20 - 160 cm?s?1. Finally, in order to elucidate the source of the external signals found in the spectral analysis of this study, the natural oscillation modes of the BTS were estimated. Although more studies are needed, BTS oscillation mode T<sub>2</sub> = 16.82 min, was identified as the external forcing that excites larger oscillations within the port.展开更多
基金support of the CONACYTFORDECYT-PRONACES/6364/2020 projectthe funding granted by SIP projects 20181094 and 20196679。
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate multi-element concentrations(Al,As,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sr)in suspended particulate material(SPM)collected from Ensenada de La Paz(ELP)lagoon,Baja California Sur,Mexico in two different periods(September and May)to comprehend their origin,geochemical behavior,mass transfer and associated ecotoxicological risks.The 24 hr variation coefficient of volumetric SPM levels were found to be 51.7%in September and 40.5%in May,signifying the effects of oceanic waters.The calculated enrichment factor(EF)values for all the studied elements were of higher magnitude because of the high surface area and oxide nature of SPM,and in this study,Mo had the highest EF of 46.77 probably due to its origin from continental weathering.From the ecotoxicological perspective,the integrated toxic risk index revealed low toxic risk to the benthic community.However,the mean-ERM-Quotient calculated using the particulate concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb indicated 9%probability of toxicity to biota.The comprehensive geochemical and ecotoxicological assessment of particulate metal concentrations in the ELP lagoon signify low to moderate contamination.
文摘A series of numerical experiments from a barotropic configuration of the General Curvilinear Ocean Model (GCOM) was conducted to analyze the response to infragravity (IG) waves of the Port of Ensenada, located within Bahia de Todos Santos (BTS), west coast of Mexico. Experiments with forcing frequencies f = 50?1 min?1, f = 30?1 min?1, f = 25?1 min?1 and f = 16.66?1 min?1 showed the expected increase of energy at the corresponding forcing frequency band and also the appearance of secondary peaks of energy at frequency bands f = 8.33?1 min?1 and f = 4.16?1 min?1 which were identified as modes f<sub>1 </sub>and f<sub>2</sub>;being the band at f = 16.66?1 min?1 the zeroth f<sub>0</sub> mode. Maximum peak of spectral energy from the numerical experiments was found at frequency band f<sub>0</sub> = 16.66?1 min?1 which agreed with the estimated maximum value of the amplification factor and with the T<sub>0</sub> mode of oscillation of the port. Distribution of amplitudes inside PE for modes f<sub>0</sub>, f<sub>1</sub> and f<sub>2</sub> were also presented. Mode f<sub>0</sub> represents a quarter-wave oscillation with amplitudes of the same sign;mode f<sub>1</sub> has two nodal lines and mode f<sub>2</sub> presents and additional one. Corresponding harbor currents were also calculated, they were in the range 20 - 160 cm?s?1. Finally, in order to elucidate the source of the external signals found in the spectral analysis of this study, the natural oscillation modes of the BTS were estimated. Although more studies are needed, BTS oscillation mode T<sub>2</sub> = 16.82 min, was identified as the external forcing that excites larger oscillations within the port.
