Learning mathematics requires an effective and strategic teaching approach.This study aimed to assess the mathematics performance of the learners with the implementation of the numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R(Quest...Learning mathematics requires an effective and strategic teaching approach.This study aimed to assess the mathematics performance of the learners with the implementation of the numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R(Questions,Drills,Repetition,and Recitation)and to propose a strategy implementation plan to elevate their performances.This study employed the use of a quasi-experimental research design,purposive sampling with 70 Grade 10 students of Lian National High School who were distributed equally to control and treatment groups.The pre-test and post-test results were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests,and a survey questionnaire was examined by getting the mean and standard deviation.The results indicated that better performance was achieved by the students from the treatment group compared to the students from the control group,as revealed by the Mean Percentage Score(MPS)results,mean scores,and P values of their pre-test and post-test scores.The learners’perception of the implementation of this strategy was to a great extent,wherein it was perceived to be more helpful in concepts related to understanding the lesson compared to concepts related to developing their attitude and skills.Moreover,the proposed implementation plan of numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R had three expected outcomes:elevated understanding and performance in mathematics lessons;modified strategy to focus on the development of attitude and skills towards mathematics;and refined and well-implemented QD2R strategy in teaching mathematics.Relative to these expected outcomes,appropriate measures,timeframe,and resources of each were comprehensively formulated.展开更多
Currently,the transformation and upgrading of digitalization have become a new task that enterprises urgently need to address.To further enhance the leadership of enterprise leaders,relevant enterprise staff should fa...Currently,the transformation and upgrading of digitalization have become a new task that enterprises urgently need to address.To further enhance the leadership of enterprise leaders,relevant enterprise staff should face up to the infinite possibilities that generative AI brings to enterprise management.Based on this,this paper will briefly analyze the value connotation of generative AI empowering the improvement of enterprise leadership and the relevant influencing factors,and discuss the strategies for enhancing enterprise leadership in the generative AI era,in order to promote the smooth progress of enterprises’digital transformation and upgrading.展开更多
The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-ni...The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-nition as an eco-friendly solution for removing pollutants from various wastewater sources and are increasingly applied for micro-polluted water treatment.By reviewing 78 full-scale CW studies from Web of Science,it is summarized that the ranges of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)concentrations in runoff,wastewater treatment plant effluent and polluted river were 0.1–6.6,0.3–12.3,and 0.2–41.1 mg/L,respectively.The ranges of ni-trate nitrogen concentrations were 0.2–14.2,0–5.7,and 0–2.6 mg/L,respectively.Removal efficiencies of CWs for micro-polluted water varied by CW types.The total nitrogen removal efficiencies for subsurface-flow CWs,free-water surface-flow CWs,and hybrid CWs ranged from 27.4%to 66.5%,16.8%to 89.8%,and 19.4%to 88.2%,respectively.The NH4+-N removal efficiencies ranged from 34.2%to 73.6%,38.4%to 89.4%and 13.5%to 94.2%,respectively.Additionally,other factors influencing contaminant removal efficiency such as hydraulic retention time,vegetation types,redox micro-environment and influent water quality were evaluated.Based on these findings,two strategies for improving the purification performance of CWs were proposed:the selection of incorporating electron donor substrates and the optimization of operation parameters.This paper serves as a synthesis of information to guide future research and full-scale CW applications in micro-polluted water treatment.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the country has established 21 Free Trade Pilot Zones(FTZs),achieving significant pioneering results in reform and opening up and creating a strong demo...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the country has established 21 Free Trade Pilot Zones(FTZs),achieving significant pioneering results in reform and opening up and creating a strong demonstrative effect nationwide.The basic experience from a decade of FTZs includes:adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee;combining top-level design with encouragement of grassroots innovation;leveraging the distinct characteristics and strengths of FTZs to form a differentiated development pattern;maintaining the integration of opening up with domestic reforms;using openness to drive reforms;and organically combining openness with national security assurance.Under the current and future new circumstances,China’s FTZs face new challenges and tasks.In accordance with the directives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,an enhancement strategy for the FTZs needs to be implemented.This involves the following:First,accurately understanding and responding to the changing situation to create strategic opportunities.Second,shifting paradigms to implement innovation-driven strategies,using the new development pattern concept to guide the reform experiments and construction of the FTZs.Third,granting more autonomy to FTZs for reforms,pursuing progress while maintaining stability,and solidly advancing the reform experiments in the FTZs.Fourth,orderly expanding the opening up of the service sector and cautiously advancing the internationalization of the renminbi.Fifth,promoting innovative development in trade to build a strong trade nation.Sixth,establishing synergy with bilateral FTZs,Belt and Road cooperation,and national diplomatic strategies to enhance the linkage effect.展开更多
Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic perfo...Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.展开更多
In the current era of digitalization sweeping the education field,primary school English education is facing new challenges and opportunities of deep integration with artificial intelligence.This study focuses on prim...In the current era of digitalization sweeping the education field,primary school English education is facing new challenges and opportunities of deep integration with artificial intelligence.This study focuses on primary school English teachers and uses various methods such as questionnaire surveys,visits,and interviews to conduct an in-depth exploration of their artificial intelligence literacy.After data analysis,optimization strategies are proposed to further improve the artificial intelligence literacy of primary school English teachers and promote the development of educational soft power.展开更多
The research on the conversion efficiency of"Green Mountains into Clear Water"(Green)and"Gold and silver Mountains"(Gold)is of great significance to promote the coordination between natural resourc...The research on the conversion efficiency of"Green Mountains into Clear Water"(Green)and"Gold and silver Mountains"(Gold)is of great significance to promote the coordination between natural resource conservation in national park and the local economic and social development.This paper pays attention to the linking role of ecosystem services in different stages of the conversion process between the Green and Gold.Based on the twostage division,this paper constructs the accounting framework for conversion efficiency of Green and Gold.That is,the comprehensive conversion efficiency of Green and Gold is decomposed into the I-stage efficiency of ecological inputs conversion to Green and the II-stage efficiency of ecosystem services conversion to economic output.Furthermore,the Qilian Mountain National Park in China and its surrounding area Zhangye City,is taken as an example.Using a two-stage non-oriented super-efficiency network EBM model and panel data from 2007 to 2018 to empirically analysis the dynamic evolution characteristics of the conversion efficiency of Green and Gold.Based on this,the heterogeneity improvement strategy is proposed.The results show that:(1)the comprehensive efficiency of the Two Mountains conversion in Zhangye City decreased first and then increased.The highest was 1.715 in 2007;the lowest was 1.367 in 2012;since 2012,the development has gradually improved.The main reason for the decrease in the comprehensive efficiency from 2007 to 2012 is the lower conversion efficiency in IIstage.(2)Spatial difference analysis shows that the areas with low the comprehensive efficiency were concentrated in Sunan,Minle,and Shandan Counties along the Qilian Mountains.The comprehensive efficiency was 0.406,0.489 and 0.482 respectively.The key to improving the comprehensive efficiency of Sunan County and Minle County is II-stage,while the focus of improving Shandan County is I-stage.(3)Redundancy analysis found that the main factor affecting the comprehensive efficiency of the Two Mountains conversion is insufficient output.In the future,we should focus on expanding effective pathways for the Two Mountains conversion and innovating institutional mechanisms for realizing ecological value.展开更多
Zwitterionic polymers are polymers containing a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units,which facilitate the formation of a hydration layer on the surface through ionic solvation.This strong hydrati...Zwitterionic polymers are polymers containing a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units,which facilitate the formation of a hydration layer on the surface through ionic solvation.This strong hydration results in the remarkable properties of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels,including antifouling,lubricating,and anti-freezing capabilities.Owing to these properties,zwitterionic polymer hydrogels have attracted notable attention in biomedical and engineering fields.However,the superhydrophilicity of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels renders them brittle and weak,considerably limiting their use in load-bearing applications.Thus,there is an urgent need to improve the mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogels.In this work,we systematically review mechanical enhancement strategies for zwitterionic polymer hydrogels.We cover strate-gies applicable to hybrid and pure high-strength zwitterionic polymer hydrogels.Additionally,we discuss the advantages and limitations of various strength enhancement strategies.展开更多
Modern power grid has a fundamental role in the operation of smart cities.However,high impact low probability extreme events bring severe challenges to the security of urban power grid.With an increasing focus on thes...Modern power grid has a fundamental role in the operation of smart cities.However,high impact low probability extreme events bring severe challenges to the security of urban power grid.With an increasing focus on these threats,the resilience of urban power grid has become a prior topic for a modern smart city.A resilient power grid can resist,adapt to,and timely recover from disruptions.It has four characteristics,namely anticipation,absorption,adaptation,and recovery.This paper aims to systematically investigate the development of resilient power grid for smart city.Firstly,this paper makes a review on the high impact low probability extreme events categories that influence power grid,which can be divided into extreme weather and natural disaster,human-made malicious attacks,and social crisis.Then,resilience evaluation frameworks and quantification metrics are discussed.In addition,various existing resilience enhancement strategies,which are based on microgrids,active distribution networks,integrated and multi energy systems,distributed energy resources and flexible resources,cyber-physical systems,and some resilience enhancement methods,including probabilistic forecasting and analysis,artificial intelligence driven methods,and other cutting-edge technologies are summarized.Finally,this paper presents some further possible directions and developments for urban power grid resilience research,which focus on power-electronized urban distribution network,flexible distributed resource aggregation,cyber-physical-social systems,multi-energy systems,intelligent electrical transportation and artificial intelligence and Big Data technology.展开更多
Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward ...Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.展开更多
Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)are promising technologies for organic pollutants elimination.Heterogeneous metal-based catalysis has been widely studied and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate(...Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)are promising technologies for organic pollutants elimination.Heterogeneous metal-based catalysis has been widely studied and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for producing sulfate radicals.Developing highly efficient catalysts is crucial for future extensive use.Importantly,the catalytic activity is mainly determined by mass and electron transfer.This paper aims to overview the recent enhancement strategies for developing heterogeneous metalbased catalysts as effective PMS activators.The main strategies,including surface engineering,structural engineering,electronic modulation,external energy assistance,and membrane filtration enhancement,are summarized.The potential mechanisms for improving catalytic activity are also introduced.Finally,the challenges and future research prospects of heterogenous metal-based catalysis in SR-AOPs are proposed.This work is hoped to guide the rational design of highly efficient heterogenous catalysts in SR-AOPs.展开更多
The slow rate of nerve regeneration after injury or recon- struction remains a clinical problem because it prohibits the timely reinnervation of distant target muscles be- fore the irreversible degeneration of the neu...The slow rate of nerve regeneration after injury or recon- struction remains a clinical problem because it prohibits the timely reinnervation of distant target muscles be- fore the irreversible degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and breakdown of muscle tissue. As such, high （proximal） nerve injuries result in the incomplete recovery of motor function and poor functional outcomes despite current and timely surgical management. Experimentally, several strategies have been shown to enhance nerve regen- eration and improve functional recovery in animal models but translation to clinical practice has not been realized. Two potential treatments, tacrolimus （immunosuppres- sant） and electrical stimulation are commonly used for other reconstructive indications and as such, are both read- ily available clinically. There is some evidence, which will be reviewed in subsequent sections, that these approaches may also be useful in enhancing neuronal regeneration.展开更多
With the advent of spinal cord epidural stimulation techniques,i.e.,electrically enabled motor control（e Emc）in combination with activity dependent locomotor training,humans with traumatic complete sensori-motor par...With the advent of spinal cord epidural stimulation techniques,i.e.,electrically enabled motor control（e Emc）in combination with activity dependent locomotor training,humans with traumatic complete sensori-motor paralysis are able to initiate voluntary leg movements and achieve gains in postural control,and bladder and sexual function（Angeli et al.,2014）.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of English writing autonomy and literacy among Chinese college students,to analyze their performance,scale,and distribution as well as influencing factors,...The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of English writing autonomy and literacy among Chinese college students,to analyze their performance,scale,and distribution as well as influencing factors,and to explore the correlation between English writing autonomy and literacy.This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the current situation of Chinese college students’English writing autonomy and literacy,reveal the scale,distribution,and influencing factors,as well as put forward strategies to enhance them,so as to provide a reference for the reform and development of college English education.展开更多
The concept of“Sanquan education”emphasizes educating all members,the whole process,and all-round education,and guides ideological values throughout the entire process and every link of education and teaching.Under ...The concept of“Sanquan education”emphasizes educating all members,the whole process,and all-round education,and guides ideological values throughout the entire process and every link of education and teaching.Under the guidance of this concept,labor education in colleges and universities needs to pay more attention to the cultivation of students’comprehensive literacy,not just simple skill training,but also the cultivation of students’ideological and moral character,practical skills,and innovative consciousness.This article analyzes the current status of labor education practice in colleges and universities,conducts in-depth research on the connotation of labor education under the“Sanquan education,”and proposes effective strategies to improve the effectiveness of labor education in colleges and universities,creating a“five-in-one”education pattern,focusing on multi-level and whole-process education,realizing all-round education in the first,second,third,and fourth classrooms,providing theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating high-quality talents.展开更多
Seawater contains approximately 4.5 billion tons of dissolved uranium,making it a significant potential source of nuclear fuel.However,the low uranium concentration,interference from competing ions,and the complex mar...Seawater contains approximately 4.5 billion tons of dissolved uranium,making it a significant potential source of nuclear fuel.However,the low uranium concentration,interference from competing ions,and the complex marine environment pose major challenges to the economic feasibility of uranium extraction.Among various extractionmethods,adsorption is considered the most promising due to its low cost,simple operation,and strong adaptability tomarine conditions.Current research primarily focuses on developing high-performance adsorbent materials,including polymers,MXene,framework materials,and bio-based adsorbents.To optimize adsorbent performance,efforts are directed toward enhancing adsorption selectivity,increasing functional group utilization,improving adsorption kinetics,and strengthening environmental adaptability.Researchers have explored various strategies to achieve these goals,such as ion imprinting,functional group engineering,and the application of external energy fields(e.g.,light,electric fields)to enhance adsorption efficiency and uranium recovery.Although significant progress has been made in laboratory settings,real-world marine applications still face critical challenges,including biofouling resistance,large-scale engineering deployment,and efficient recovery.Future research efforts should focus on developing novel adsorbents,advancing external field-assisted extraction technologies,and optimizing large-scale engineering applications to enhance the practicality of seawater uranium extraction,ultimately making it a viable source of nuclear fuel.展开更多
Plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates have attracted tremendous attention for their abundant sources,excellent chemical stability,superior biocompatibility,good signal uniformity,and unique se...Plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates have attracted tremendous attention for their abundant sources,excellent chemical stability,superior biocompatibility,good signal uniformity,and unique selectivity to target molecules.Recently,researchers have made great progress in fabricating novel plasmon-free SERS substrates and exploring new enhancement strategies to improve their sensitivity.This review summarizes the recent developments of plasmon-free SERS substrates and specially focuses on the enhancement mechanisms and strategies.Furthermore,the promising applications of plasmon-free SERS substrates in biomedical diagnosis,metal ions and organic pollutants sensing,chemical and biochemical reactions monitoring,and photoelectric characterization are introduced.Finally,current challenges and future research opportunities in plasmon-free SERS substrates are briefly discussed.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic,systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate.Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arth...Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic,systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate.Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,but their use is limited by suboptimal bioavailability,serious adverse effects,and nonnegligible first-pass effects.In contrast,transdermal drug delivery systems(TDDSs)can avoid these drawbacks and improve patient compliance,making them a promising option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Of course,TDDSs also face unique challenges,as the physiological barrier of the skin makes drug delivery somewhat limited.To overcome this barrier and maximize drug delivery efficiency,TDDSs have evolved in terms of the principle of transdermal facilitation and transdermal facilitation technology,and different generations of TDDSs have been derived,which have significantly improved transdermal efficiency and even achieved individualized controlled drug delivery.In this review,we summarize the different generations of transdermal drug delivery systems,the corresponding transdermal strategies,and their applications in the treatment of RA.展开更多
Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion,which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste.The low methanogenesis efficiency(low methane production rate,low methane yield...Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion,which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste.The low methanogenesis efficiency(low methane production rate,low methane yield,low methane content)substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology.Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner,which was defined as“broad-acting”strategies in this perspective.Further,we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system.These“precise-acting”strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste.展开更多
Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts(M-N-C)have been widely used in the field of energy conversion,which has high commercial application value in future directions.However,the commercialization of M-N-...Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts(M-N-C)have been widely used in the field of energy conversion,which has high commercial application value in future directions.However,the commercialization of M-N-C catalysts necessitates further requirements for their catalytic activity,especially their intrinsic catalytic activity.Fortunately,current research has provided many modification strategies,which are of great significance for the development of M-N-C catalysts.In this review,the catalytic mechanism of different electrocatalytic reactions is briefly introduced.In addition,intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies are systematically summarized,including the coordination structure,carrier effect,and interaction of active centers.Furthermore,we focus on clarifying the relationship between microelectronic structure and macro-catalytic activity of M-N-C catalysts in different electrochemical energy conversion reactions.The future research directions are also pointed out based on our discussion.This review provides good guidance to systematically study the intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies of M-N-C catalysts and reasonably design highly catalytic M-N-C catalysts.展开更多
文摘Learning mathematics requires an effective and strategic teaching approach.This study aimed to assess the mathematics performance of the learners with the implementation of the numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R(Questions,Drills,Repetition,and Recitation)and to propose a strategy implementation plan to elevate their performances.This study employed the use of a quasi-experimental research design,purposive sampling with 70 Grade 10 students of Lian National High School who were distributed equally to control and treatment groups.The pre-test and post-test results were statistically analyzed using independent and paired sample t-tests,and a survey questionnaire was examined by getting the mean and standard deviation.The results indicated that better performance was achieved by the students from the treatment group compared to the students from the control group,as revealed by the Mean Percentage Score(MPS)results,mean scores,and P values of their pre-test and post-test scores.The learners’perception of the implementation of this strategy was to a great extent,wherein it was perceived to be more helpful in concepts related to understanding the lesson compared to concepts related to developing their attitude and skills.Moreover,the proposed implementation plan of numeracy enhancement strategy QD2R had three expected outcomes:elevated understanding and performance in mathematics lessons;modified strategy to focus on the development of attitude and skills towards mathematics;and refined and well-implemented QD2R strategy in teaching mathematics.Relative to these expected outcomes,appropriate measures,timeframe,and resources of each were comprehensively formulated.
文摘Currently,the transformation and upgrading of digitalization have become a new task that enterprises urgently need to address.To further enhance the leadership of enterprise leaders,relevant enterprise staff should face up to the infinite possibilities that generative AI brings to enterprise management.Based on this,this paper will briefly analyze the value connotation of generative AI empowering the improvement of enterprise leadership and the relevant influencing factors,and discuss the strategies for enhancing enterprise leadership in the generative AI era,in order to promote the smooth progress of enterprises’digital transformation and upgrading.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52470105)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.358202103017).
文摘The discharge of micro-polluted water from sources such as agricultural runoff,urban stormwater,and treated effluents presents significant challenges to aquatic ecosystems.Constructed wetlands(CWs)have gained recog-nition as an eco-friendly solution for removing pollutants from various wastewater sources and are increasingly applied for micro-polluted water treatment.By reviewing 78 full-scale CW studies from Web of Science,it is summarized that the ranges of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)concentrations in runoff,wastewater treatment plant effluent and polluted river were 0.1–6.6,0.3–12.3,and 0.2–41.1 mg/L,respectively.The ranges of ni-trate nitrogen concentrations were 0.2–14.2,0–5.7,and 0–2.6 mg/L,respectively.Removal efficiencies of CWs for micro-polluted water varied by CW types.The total nitrogen removal efficiencies for subsurface-flow CWs,free-water surface-flow CWs,and hybrid CWs ranged from 27.4%to 66.5%,16.8%to 89.8%,and 19.4%to 88.2%,respectively.The NH4+-N removal efficiencies ranged from 34.2%to 73.6%,38.4%to 89.4%and 13.5%to 94.2%,respectively.Additionally,other factors influencing contaminant removal efficiency such as hydraulic retention time,vegetation types,redox micro-environment and influent water quality were evaluated.Based on these findings,two strategies for improving the purification performance of CWs were proposed:the selection of incorporating electron donor substrates and the optimization of operation parameters.This paper serves as a synthesis of information to guide future research and full-scale CW applications in micro-polluted water treatment.
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the country has established 21 Free Trade Pilot Zones(FTZs),achieving significant pioneering results in reform and opening up and creating a strong demonstrative effect nationwide.The basic experience from a decade of FTZs includes:adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee;combining top-level design with encouragement of grassroots innovation;leveraging the distinct characteristics and strengths of FTZs to form a differentiated development pattern;maintaining the integration of opening up with domestic reforms;using openness to drive reforms;and organically combining openness with national security assurance.Under the current and future new circumstances,China’s FTZs face new challenges and tasks.In accordance with the directives of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,an enhancement strategy for the FTZs needs to be implemented.This involves the following:First,accurately understanding and responding to the changing situation to create strategic opportunities.Second,shifting paradigms to implement innovation-driven strategies,using the new development pattern concept to guide the reform experiments and construction of the FTZs.Third,granting more autonomy to FTZs for reforms,pursuing progress while maintaining stability,and solidly advancing the reform experiments in the FTZs.Fourth,orderly expanding the opening up of the service sector and cautiously advancing the internationalization of the renminbi.Fifth,promoting innovative development in trade to build a strong trade nation.Sixth,establishing synergy with bilateral FTZs,Belt and Road cooperation,and national diplomatic strategies to enhance the linkage effect.
基金financially supported by the Yancheng Polytechnic College School-Level Scientific Research, China (No. ygy1903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52001163, 52075237, and 52371157)+2 种基金the Open Project of Taihu Laboratory of Deep-Sea Technology Science, Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BE2019119)supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (PAPD), Chinathe research funding for the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program, China。
文摘Recent advancements in electrocatalysis have highlighted the exceptional application value of amorphous electrocatalysts. Withtheir unique atomic configurations, these electrocatalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to that of their crystalline coun-terparts. Transition metal(TM) amorphous ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts have recently emerged as a new frontier in the catalysis field.Dealloying is widely considered a fascinating method for enhancing the electrocatalyst performance. In this review, we comprehensivelyexamine the principles of water electrolysis, discuss the prevalent methods for fabricating ribbon-configured electrocatalysts, and providean overview of amorphous alloys. Furthermore, we discuss binary, ternary, and high-entropy amorphous TM-based electrocatalysts,which satisfy the requirements necessary for effective water electrolysis. We also propose strategies to enhance the activity of amorphousTM-based ribbons, including morphology control, defect engineering, composition optimization, and heterostructure creation in differentelectrolytes. Our focus extends to the latest developments in the design of heterogeneous micro/nanostructures, management of prepara-tion techniques, and synthesis of different compositions. Finally, we address the ongoing challenges and provide a perspective on the fu-ture development of broadly applicable, self-supporting TM ribbon-shaped electrocatalysts.
文摘In the current era of digitalization sweeping the education field,primary school English education is facing new challenges and opportunities of deep integration with artificial intelligence.This study focuses on primary school English teachers and uses various methods such as questionnaire surveys,visits,and interviews to conduct an in-depth exploration of their artificial intelligence literacy.After data analysis,optimization strategies are proposed to further improve the artificial intelligence literacy of primary school English teachers and promote the development of educational soft power.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:42461046)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:2020M673641XB).
文摘The research on the conversion efficiency of"Green Mountains into Clear Water"(Green)and"Gold and silver Mountains"(Gold)is of great significance to promote the coordination between natural resource conservation in national park and the local economic and social development.This paper pays attention to the linking role of ecosystem services in different stages of the conversion process between the Green and Gold.Based on the twostage division,this paper constructs the accounting framework for conversion efficiency of Green and Gold.That is,the comprehensive conversion efficiency of Green and Gold is decomposed into the I-stage efficiency of ecological inputs conversion to Green and the II-stage efficiency of ecosystem services conversion to economic output.Furthermore,the Qilian Mountain National Park in China and its surrounding area Zhangye City,is taken as an example.Using a two-stage non-oriented super-efficiency network EBM model and panel data from 2007 to 2018 to empirically analysis the dynamic evolution characteristics of the conversion efficiency of Green and Gold.Based on this,the heterogeneity improvement strategy is proposed.The results show that:(1)the comprehensive efficiency of the Two Mountains conversion in Zhangye City decreased first and then increased.The highest was 1.715 in 2007;the lowest was 1.367 in 2012;since 2012,the development has gradually improved.The main reason for the decrease in the comprehensive efficiency from 2007 to 2012 is the lower conversion efficiency in IIstage.(2)Spatial difference analysis shows that the areas with low the comprehensive efficiency were concentrated in Sunan,Minle,and Shandan Counties along the Qilian Mountains.The comprehensive efficiency was 0.406,0.489 and 0.482 respectively.The key to improving the comprehensive efficiency of Sunan County and Minle County is II-stage,while the focus of improving Shandan County is I-stage.(3)Redundancy analysis found that the main factor affecting the comprehensive efficiency of the Two Mountains conversion is insufficient output.In the future,we should focus on expanding effective pathways for the Two Mountains conversion and innovating institutional mechanisms for realizing ecological value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2222013,52233008 and 52073203).
文摘Zwitterionic polymers are polymers containing a pair of oppositely charged groups in their repeating units,which facilitate the formation of a hydration layer on the surface through ionic solvation.This strong hydration results in the remarkable properties of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels,including antifouling,lubricating,and anti-freezing capabilities.Owing to these properties,zwitterionic polymer hydrogels have attracted notable attention in biomedical and engineering fields.However,the superhydrophilicity of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels renders them brittle and weak,considerably limiting their use in load-bearing applications.Thus,there is an urgent need to improve the mechanical properties of zwitterionic hydrogels.In this work,we systematically review mechanical enhancement strategies for zwitterionic polymer hydrogels.We cover strate-gies applicable to hybrid and pure high-strength zwitterionic polymer hydrogels.Additionally,we discuss the advantages and limitations of various strength enhancement strategies.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 51877189,52277130 and U2166203in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LR22E070003.
文摘Modern power grid has a fundamental role in the operation of smart cities.However,high impact low probability extreme events bring severe challenges to the security of urban power grid.With an increasing focus on these threats,the resilience of urban power grid has become a prior topic for a modern smart city.A resilient power grid can resist,adapt to,and timely recover from disruptions.It has four characteristics,namely anticipation,absorption,adaptation,and recovery.This paper aims to systematically investigate the development of resilient power grid for smart city.Firstly,this paper makes a review on the high impact low probability extreme events categories that influence power grid,which can be divided into extreme weather and natural disaster,human-made malicious attacks,and social crisis.Then,resilience evaluation frameworks and quantification metrics are discussed.In addition,various existing resilience enhancement strategies,which are based on microgrids,active distribution networks,integrated and multi energy systems,distributed energy resources and flexible resources,cyber-physical systems,and some resilience enhancement methods,including probabilistic forecasting and analysis,artificial intelligence driven methods,and other cutting-edge technologies are summarized.Finally,this paper presents some further possible directions and developments for urban power grid resilience research,which focus on power-electronized urban distribution network,flexible distributed resource aggregation,cyber-physical-social systems,multi-energy systems,intelligent electrical transportation and artificial intelligence and Big Data technology.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(202300262366)the Basic Research Lab(RS-2023-00219710)the Ministry of Commerce,Industry,and Energy(20025720)of Korea.
文摘Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21938009)。
文摘Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation processes(SR-AOPs)are promising technologies for organic pollutants elimination.Heterogeneous metal-based catalysis has been widely studied and applied to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for producing sulfate radicals.Developing highly efficient catalysts is crucial for future extensive use.Importantly,the catalytic activity is mainly determined by mass and electron transfer.This paper aims to overview the recent enhancement strategies for developing heterogeneous metalbased catalysts as effective PMS activators.The main strategies,including surface engineering,structural engineering,electronic modulation,external energy assistance,and membrane filtration enhancement,are summarized.The potential mechanisms for improving catalytic activity are also introduced.Finally,the challenges and future research prospects of heterogenous metal-based catalysis in SR-AOPs are proposed.This work is hoped to guide the rational design of highly efficient heterogenous catalysts in SR-AOPs.
文摘The slow rate of nerve regeneration after injury or recon- struction remains a clinical problem because it prohibits the timely reinnervation of distant target muscles be- fore the irreversible degeneration of the neuromuscular junction and breakdown of muscle tissue. As such, high （proximal） nerve injuries result in the incomplete recovery of motor function and poor functional outcomes despite current and timely surgical management. Experimentally, several strategies have been shown to enhance nerve regen- eration and improve functional recovery in animal models but translation to clinical practice has not been realized. Two potential treatments, tacrolimus （immunosuppres- sant） and electrical stimulation are commonly used for other reconstructive indications and as such, are both read- ily available clinically. There is some evidence, which will be reviewed in subsequent sections, that these approaches may also be useful in enhancing neuronal regeneration.
基金supported by Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research No.16-29-08173-ofi-m(YG)Partial support for data analysis and interpretation of the results was provided from the Russian Science Foundation No.14-45-00024(YG)the Craig H.Neilsen Foundation#72940(PKS)
文摘With the advent of spinal cord epidural stimulation techniques,i.e.,electrically enabled motor control（e Emc）in combination with activity dependent locomotor training,humans with traumatic complete sensori-motor paralysis are able to initiate voluntary leg movements and achieve gains in postural control,and bladder and sexual function（Angeli et al.,2014）.
文摘The purpose of this study is to examine the current situation of English writing autonomy and literacy among Chinese college students,to analyze their performance,scale,and distribution as well as influencing factors,and to explore the correlation between English writing autonomy and literacy.This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the current situation of Chinese college students’English writing autonomy and literacy,reveal the scale,distribution,and influencing factors,as well as put forward strategies to enhance them,so as to provide a reference for the reform and development of college English education.
文摘The concept of“Sanquan education”emphasizes educating all members,the whole process,and all-round education,and guides ideological values throughout the entire process and every link of education and teaching.Under the guidance of this concept,labor education in colleges and universities needs to pay more attention to the cultivation of students’comprehensive literacy,not just simple skill training,but also the cultivation of students’ideological and moral character,practical skills,and innovative consciousness.This article analyzes the current status of labor education practice in colleges and universities,conducts in-depth research on the connotation of labor education under the“Sanquan education,”and proposes effective strategies to improve the effectiveness of labor education in colleges and universities,creating a“five-in-one”education pattern,focusing on multi-level and whole-process education,realizing all-round education in the first,second,third,and fourth classrooms,providing theoretical support and practical guidance for cultivating high-quality talents.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.22422603 and 22266015).
文摘Seawater contains approximately 4.5 billion tons of dissolved uranium,making it a significant potential source of nuclear fuel.However,the low uranium concentration,interference from competing ions,and the complex marine environment pose major challenges to the economic feasibility of uranium extraction.Among various extractionmethods,adsorption is considered the most promising due to its low cost,simple operation,and strong adaptability tomarine conditions.Current research primarily focuses on developing high-performance adsorbent materials,including polymers,MXene,framework materials,and bio-based adsorbents.To optimize adsorbent performance,efforts are directed toward enhancing adsorption selectivity,increasing functional group utilization,improving adsorption kinetics,and strengthening environmental adaptability.Researchers have explored various strategies to achieve these goals,such as ion imprinting,functional group engineering,and the application of external energy fields(e.g.,light,electric fields)to enhance adsorption efficiency and uranium recovery.Although significant progress has been made in laboratory settings,real-world marine applications still face critical challenges,including biofouling resistance,large-scale engineering deployment,and efficient recovery.Future research efforts should focus on developing novel adsorbents,advancing external field-assisted extraction technologies,and optimizing large-scale engineering applications to enhance the practicality of seawater uranium extraction,ultimately making it a viable source of nuclear fuel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874108)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0403600)。
文摘Plasmon-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates have attracted tremendous attention for their abundant sources,excellent chemical stability,superior biocompatibility,good signal uniformity,and unique selectivity to target molecules.Recently,researchers have made great progress in fabricating novel plasmon-free SERS substrates and exploring new enhancement strategies to improve their sensitivity.This review summarizes the recent developments of plasmon-free SERS substrates and specially focuses on the enhancement mechanisms and strategies.Furthermore,the promising applications of plasmon-free SERS substrates in biomedical diagnosis,metal ions and organic pollutants sensing,chemical and biochemical reactions monitoring,and photoelectric characterization are introduced.Finally,current challenges and future research opportunities in plasmon-free SERS substrates are briefly discussed.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Province Education Department (2020LJC16),China。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic,systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate.Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,but their use is limited by suboptimal bioavailability,serious adverse effects,and nonnegligible first-pass effects.In contrast,transdermal drug delivery systems(TDDSs)can avoid these drawbacks and improve patient compliance,making them a promising option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Of course,TDDSs also face unique challenges,as the physiological barrier of the skin makes drug delivery somewhat limited.To overcome this barrier and maximize drug delivery efficiency,TDDSs have evolved in terms of the principle of transdermal facilitation and transdermal facilitation technology,and different generations of TDDSs have been derived,which have significantly improved transdermal efficiency and even achieved individualized controlled drug delivery.In this review,we summarize the different generations of transdermal drug delivery systems,the corresponding transdermal strategies,and their applications in the treatment of RA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51538008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC-1908700)the Shanghai Committee(No.19DZ1204906).
文摘Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion,which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste.The low methanogenesis efficiency(low methane production rate,low methane yield,low methane content)substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology.Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner,which was defined as“broad-acting”strategies in this perspective.Further,we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system.These“precise-acting”strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22075062 and 21905070)the Fundamental and Applied Fundamental Research Fund of Guangdong Province(grant no.2022B151520001)+1 种基金the High-Level Professional Team in Shenzhen(grant no.KQTD20210811090045006)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(grant nos.20220809194504001,JCYJ20210324120400002,and SGDX20210823103803017).
文摘Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts(M-N-C)have been widely used in the field of energy conversion,which has high commercial application value in future directions.However,the commercialization of M-N-C catalysts necessitates further requirements for their catalytic activity,especially their intrinsic catalytic activity.Fortunately,current research has provided many modification strategies,which are of great significance for the development of M-N-C catalysts.In this review,the catalytic mechanism of different electrocatalytic reactions is briefly introduced.In addition,intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies are systematically summarized,including the coordination structure,carrier effect,and interaction of active centers.Furthermore,we focus on clarifying the relationship between microelectronic structure and macro-catalytic activity of M-N-C catalysts in different electrochemical energy conversion reactions.The future research directions are also pointed out based on our discussion.This review provides good guidance to systematically study the intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement strategies of M-N-C catalysts and reasonably design highly catalytic M-N-C catalysts.
