2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene(Spiro)is an essential hole-transport material used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the redox reaction of Spiro and its impact a...2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene(Spiro)is an essential hole-transport material used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the redox reaction of Spiro and its impact at the interface with the metal electrode are not yet fully understood.In this study,we introduced a crystalline additive(CA)to regulate the redox process of Spiro and its interface with an Ag electrode.Our findings indicate that CA functions as a molecular scaffold,improving the crystallinity and stability of radicals in Spiro throughout the entire redox reaction.This enhancement increases the hole mobility of Spiro and strengthens the internal electric field,thereby improving hole extraction and transport efficiency at both interfaces.Moreover,the optimized redox reaction of Spiro reduces energy loss at the Ag electrode,significantly boosting the power conversion efficiency to 25.21%.Furthermore,CA mitigates the aggregation of lithium salt and enhances the stability of the device.Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of hole-transport mechanisms of Spiro and emphasize the importance of reducing energy loss at the Spiro/Ag electrode interface in PSCs.展开更多
The vast majority of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are based on a formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))-dominant composition. Nevertheless, the FA-based perovskite films suffer from undesirable phase tr...The vast majority of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are based on a formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))-dominant composition. Nevertheless, the FA-based perovskite films suffer from undesirable phase transition and defects-induced non-ideal interfacial recombination, which significantly induces energy loss and hinders the improvement of device performance. Herein, we employed 4-fluorophenylmethylammonium iodide(F-PMAI) to modulate surface structure and energy level alignment of the FA-based perovskite films. The superior optoelectronic films were obtained with reduced trap density, pure α-phase FAPbI_(3) and favorable energy band bending. The lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers increased from 489.3 ns to 1010.6 ns, and a more “p-type” perovskite film was obtained by the post-treatment with F-PMAI. Following this strategy, we demonstrated an improved power conversion efficiency of 22.59% for the FA-based PSCs with an open-circuit voltage loss of 399 m V.展开更多
Electrochemical energy storage systems with high specific energy and power as well as long cyclic stability attract increasing attention in new energy technologies. The principles for rational design of electrodes are...Electrochemical energy storage systems with high specific energy and power as well as long cyclic stability attract increasing attention in new energy technologies. The principles for rational design of electrodes are discussed to reduce the activation, concentration, and resistance overpotentials and improve the active ma- terial efficiency in order to simultaneously achieve high specific energy and power. Three dimensional （3D） nanocomposites are currently considered as promising electrode materials due to their large surface area, reduced electronic and ionic diffusion distances, and synergistic effects. This paper reviews the most recent progress on the synthesis and application of 3D thin film nanoelectrode arrays based on aligned carbon nan- otubes （ACNTs） directly grown on metal foils for energy storages and special attentions are paid on our own representative works. These novel 3D nanoelectrode arrays on metal foil exhibit improved electrochemical performances in terms of specific energy, specific power and cyclic stability due to their unique structures. In this active materials coated ACNTs over conductive substrate structures, each component is tailored to address a different demand. The electrochemical active material is used to store energy, while the ACNTs are employed to provide a large surface area to support the active material and nanocable arrays to facilitate the electron transport. The thin film of active materials can not only reduce ion transport resistance by shorten- ing the diffusion length but also make the film elastic enough to tolerate significant volume changes during charge and discharge cycles. The conductive substrate is used as the current collector and the direct contact of the ACNT arrays with the substrate reduces significantly the contact resistance. The principles obtained from ACNT based electrodes are extended to aligned graphene based electrodes. Similar improvements have been achieved which confirms the reliability of the principles obtained. In addition, we also discuss and view the ongoing trends in development of aligned carbon nanostructures based electrodes for energy storage.展开更多
Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs),owing to their amphiphilic nature,tend to aggregate,which impedes the formation of a dense and uniform SAM on the substrate.Additionally,the weak adsorption ability of SAMs on the indiu...Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs),owing to their amphiphilic nature,tend to aggregate,which impedes the formation of a dense and uniform SAM on the substrate.Additionally,the weak adsorption ability of SAMs on the indium tin oxide(ITO)surface and the desorption of hydroxyl(OH)from the ITO surface induced by polar solvents can lead to the formation of vacancies.Herein,a dimethylacridine-based SAM is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution.This SAM can be extruded from the precursor solution and enriched on the bottom surface of the perovskite,filling the vacancies and in situ forming a mixed SAM with MeO-2PACz as a hole-selective layer(HSL).The in situ formed mixed SAM optimizes the energy level alignment between the HSL and the perovskite,facilitating hole extraction and alleviating the residual strain of the perovskite film.Consequently,the perovskite solar cells(PSCs),based on the mixed SAM,achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.69%and exhibit excellent operational stability.When this approach is applied to 1.78 eV bandgap PSC devices,it yields a PCE of 20.08%.This work presents a unique strategy for fabricating both high-quality perovskite films and superior buried interfaces,which is also applicable to wide-bandgap PSCs.展开更多
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge t...Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge transport barriers at the electrode-related interfaces.Herein,we report a back electrode that utilizes atomically dispersed metallic cobalt(Co)in carbon nanosheets(Co_1/CN)to adjust the interfacial energy levels.The electrons in the d-orbitals of Co atoms disrupt the electronic symmetry of the carbon nanosheets(CN),inducing a redistribution of the electronic density of states that leads to a downward shift in the Fermi level and a significantly reduced interfacial energy barrier.As a result,the C-PSCs using Co1/CN as back electrodes achieve a notable PCE of 22.61%with exceptional long-term stability,maintaining 94.4%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation.This work provides a promising universal method to regulate the energy level of carbon electrodes for C-PSCs and paves the way for more efficient,stable,and scalable solar technologies toward commercialization.展开更多
Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,partic...Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,particularly concerning the use of nickel oxide nanoparticles(NiO_(x)NPs)as the hole transport material,where issues such as low conductivity,impurity-induced aggregation and interface redox reactions significantly hinder device performance.In response,this study presents a novel synthesis method for NiO_(x)NPs,leveraging the introduction of ammonium salt dopants(NH_(4)Cl and NH_(4)SCN),and the solar cell utilizing the doped NiO_(x)substrate exhibits much enhanced device performance.Furthermore,doped solar cells reach 23.27%power conversion efficiency(PCE)when a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)is further employed.This study provides critical insights into the synthesis and growth pathways of NiO_(x)NPs,propelling the development of efficient hole transport materials for high-performance PSCs.展开更多
The severe interfacial charge recombination as well as the stability issues brought by the Li-TFSI still hinder the commercialization of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,a polyoxometalates(POMs)-base...The severe interfacial charge recombination as well as the stability issues brought by the Li-TFSI still hinder the commercialization of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,a polyoxometalates(POMs)-based complex,POM@ionic liquid(IL),is synthesized and applied as an effective additive that simultaneously enhances the performance and stability of PSCs.The interactions between POM@IL complex and Li-TFSI inhibit the aggregation of Li-TFSI.The synergistic oxidation of POM@IL complex and Li-TFSI towards 2,2,7,7-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD)effectively enhances the electrical properties of hole transport layer film and the photovoltaic performances of PSCs.The champion device modified with the POM@IL complex yields an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 22.73%.Moreover,the incorporation of POM@IL improves the humidity stability of PSCs.After storing under high humidity conditions(25℃,60%RH)for 1200 h,the POM@IL modified device retained a remarkable 81.2%of its initial PCE.This work provides new insight into constructing POMs-based materials for high-performance photovoltaic devices.展开更多
Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunct...Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunctional strategy to minimize surface and interface nonradiative recombination losses.Herein,we report a bulk and interface defect passivation strategy via the synergistic effect of anions and cations,where multifunctional potassium sulphate(K_(2)SO_(4))is incorporated at SnO_(2)/perovskite interface.We find that K^(+)ions in K_(2)SO_(4)diffuse into perovskite layer and suppress the formation of bulk defects in perovskite films,and the SO_(4)^(2-)ions remain located at interface via the strong chemical interaction with SnO_(2)layer and perovskite layer,respectively.Through this synergistic modification strategy,effective defect passivation and improved energy band alignment are achieved simultaneously.These beneficial effects are translated into an efficiency increase from 19.45%to 21.18%with a low voltage deficit of0.53 V mainly as a result of boosted open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))after K_(2)SO_(4)modification.In addition,the K_(2)SO_(4)modification contributes to ameliorated stability.The present work provides a route to minimize bulk and interface nonradiative recombination losses for the simultaneous realization of PCE and stability enhancement by rational anion and cation synergistic engineering.展开更多
Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.T...Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.To tackle this issue,herein,a hierarchical Nb_(2) O_(5)/2 D-C_(3) N_(4) heterostructure is precisely constructed and the built-in electric field between Nb_(2)O_(5) and 2 D-C_(3) N_(4) can provide the driving force to separate/transfer the charge carriers efficiently.Moreover,the strongly Lewis acidic Nb_(2)O_(5) can adsorb TEOA molecules on its surface at locally high concentrations to facilitate the oxidation reaction kinetics under irradiation,resulting in efficient photogene rated electrons-holes separation and exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.As expected,the champion Nb_(2)O_(5)/2 D-C_(3)N_(4) heterostructure achieves an exceptional H2 evolution rate of 31.6 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which is 213.6 times and 4.3 times higher than that of pristine Nb_(2)O_(5) and2 D-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Moreover,the champion heterostructure possesses a high apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 45.08%atλ=405 nm and superior cycling stability.Furthermore,a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the energy band alignment at the hetero-interface is proposed based on the systematical characterizations accompanied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work paves the way for the precise construction of a high-quality heterostructured photocatalyst with efficient charge separation to boost hydrogen production.展开更多
Realizing simultaneous adjustment of energy levels and work functions in two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is a challenge.Here,a pseudohalide 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylammonium te...Realizing simultaneous adjustment of energy levels and work functions in two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is a challenge.Here,a pseudohalide 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylammonium tetrafluoroborate(TFPMABF_(4))was used to react with unreacted Pb I2on the surface of 3D bulky perovskite to form a mixed halide of 2D perovskite denoted(TF-PMA)_(2)FA_(2)Pb_(3)I_(8)(BF_(4))_(2).This novel 2D/3D perovskite enables the simultaneous adjustment of energy levels and work functions on the surface of active layers.Due to the significantly enhanced quality of 2D/3D perovskite film,decreased surface defects and increased charge carrier lifetime,the 2D/3D PSCs exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.15%and a high V_(OC)of 1.194 V.Importantly,2D/3D PSCs exhibit remarkable enhancements in environmental stability,unencapsulated devices retaining more than 90%of their initial PCE at 50%humidity for 2,280 h.展开更多
Eco-friendly lead-free tin(Sn)-based perovskites have drawn much attention in the field of photovoltaic s,and the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sn-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been recently appro...Eco-friendly lead-free tin(Sn)-based perovskites have drawn much attention in the field of photovoltaic s,and the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sn-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been recently approaching 15%.However,the PCE improvement of Sn-based PSCs has reached bottleneck,and an unambiguous guidance beyond traditional trial-and-error process is highly desired for further boosting their PCE.In this work,machine learning(ML)approach based on artificial neural network(ANN)algorithm is adopted to guide the development of Sn-based PSCs by learning from currently available data.Two models are designed to predict the bandgap of newly designed Sn-based perovskites and photovoltaic performance trends of the PSCs,and the practicability of the models are verified by real experimental data.Moreover,by analyzing the physical mechanisms behind the predicted trends,the typical characteristics of Sn-based perovskites can be derived even no relevant inputs are provided,demonstrating the robustness of the developed models.Based on the models,it is predicted that wide bandgap Sn-based PSCs with optimized interfacial energy level alignment could obtain promising PCE breaking 20%.At last,critical suggestions for future development of Sn-based PSCs are provided.This work opens a new avenue for guiding and promoting the development of high-performing Sn-based PSCs.展开更多
Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfac...Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfaces engineering plays important roles in developing highly efficient Sn-based PSCs via passivation of trap defects,alignment of energy levels,and incorporation of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites.In this review,we summarize the development of Pb-free Sn-based perovskites and their applications in devices,especially the strategies of improving the interfaces.We also provide perspectives for future research.Our aim is to help the development of new and advanced approaches to achieving high-performance environment-friendly Pb-free Sn-based PSCs.展开更多
In recent years, metal halide perovskites have emerged as star semiconducting materials in the field of optoelectronic devices owing to their fascinating optoelectronic properties. Of particular interest are perovskit...In recent years, metal halide perovskites have emerged as star semiconducting materials in the field of optoelectronic devices owing to their fascinating optoelectronic properties. Of particular interest are perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have witnessed skyrocketing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) within a short period of time, and were recently certified to reach 25.5%, which is already higher than other thin film photovoltaic technologies[1]. Nevertheless, multiple layers are still needed for state-of-theart PSCs to achieve high PCEs over 21%.展开更多
Nickel oxide (NiO_(x)) has significant cost and stability advantages over poly[bis (4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethyl phenyl)amine](PTAA) for inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs),but the poor NiO_(x)/perovskite contac...Nickel oxide (NiO_(x)) has significant cost and stability advantages over poly[bis (4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethyl phenyl)amine](PTAA) for inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs),but the poor NiO_(x)/perovskite contact stemming from some reactive species at the interface led to suboptimal device performance.To solve this problem,we take a multiple donor molecule approach,using 3,3’-(4,8-bis(hexylthio)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(10-(6-bromohexyl)-10H-phenoxazine)(BDT-POZ) as an example,to modify the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.The primary goal was to reduce the under-coordinated Ni^(≥3+) cations via electron transfer from the donor molecules to NiO_(x),thus mitigating the detrimental reactions between perovskite and NiO_(x).Equally importantly,the hole extraction at the interface was greatly enhanced after the organic donor modification,since the hydrophobic species atop NiO_(x) not only enabled pinhole-free crystallization of the perovskite but also properly tuned the interfacial energy level alignment.Consequently,the PSCs with NiO_(x)/BDT-POZ HTL achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 20.16%,which compared excellently with that of the non-modified devices (17.83%).This work provides a new strategy to tackle the exacting issues that have so far impeded the development of NiO_(x) based PSCs.展开更多
Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explo...Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explored in perovskite precursor with notable achievements in the development of highperformance PSCs. Herein, tartaric acid(TA) was applied as additive in perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth leading to high quality thin films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations favoring efficient charge transport along multiple directions. It is also noticed that TA can improve the energy level alignment in PSCs, which effectively accelerates both carrier extraction and transportation with non-radiative recombination suppressed at the perovskite interfaces. Based on the present perovskite films, the fabricated PSCs achieved an excellent champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.82% from that of 19.70% for the control device without TA additive. In addition, a PSC with TA additive was shown to exhibit impressive operational stability by retaining 92% of its initial PCE after~1200 h of aging at room temperature in ambient air with a relative humidity of about 10%–25%. In summary, the present work demonstrates a facile and versatile approach by using TA as additive in perovskite precursor to fabricate high quality perovskite films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations for high-efficiency stable PSCs.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D) alternating cation(ACI) perovskite surface defects,especially dominant iodine vacancies(V_Ⅰ) and undercoordinated Pb^(2+),limit the performance of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).To address the issu...Two-dimensional(2D) alternating cation(ACI) perovskite surface defects,especially dominant iodine vacancies(V_Ⅰ) and undercoordinated Pb^(2+),limit the performance of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).To address the issue,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoro-methane-sulfonate(BMIMOTF) and its iodide counterpart(BMIMI) are utilized to modify the perovskite surface respectively.We find that BMIMI can change the perovskite surface,whereas BMIMOTF shows a nondestructive and more effective defect passivation,giving significantly reduced defect density and suppressed charge-carrier nonradiative recombination.This mainly attributes to the marked passivation efficacy of OTF-anion on V_Ⅰ and undercoordinated Pb^(2+),rather than BMIMI^(+) cation.Benefiting from the rational surface-modification of BMMIMOTF,the films exhibit an optimized energy level alignment,enhanced hydrophobicity and suppressed ion migration.Consequently,the BMIMOTF-modified devices achieve an impressive efficiency of 21.38% with a record open-circuit voltage of 1.195 V,which is among the best efficiencies reported for 2D PVSCs,and display greatly enhanced humidity and thermal stability.展开更多
MAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells(PSCs)exhibit a theoretical open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of approximately 1.3 V,and minimizing V_(OC) loss is crucial for enhancing their performance.Herein,we focus on MAPbI_(3) PSCs to...MAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells(PSCs)exhibit a theoretical open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of approximately 1.3 V,and minimizing V_(OC) loss is crucial for enhancing their performance.Herein,we focus on MAPbI_(3) PSCs to inhibit the interfacial charge recombination and voltage loss through synergistic energy-level grading and lattice matching.The synthesized SrTiO_(3) nanocubes were incorporated into the TiO_(2) electron transport layer to effectively achieve optimal energy alignment with the conduction band of MAPbI_(3),to reduce charge carrier energy loss,and improve carrier extraction.Furthermore,the small lattice mismatch between the perovskite structures of SrTiO_(3) and MAPbI_(3) promoted the growth of high-quality perovskite films with reduced defect density.As a result,the V_(OC) of the MAPbI_(3) PSCs was increased to 1.17 V,and the power conversion efficiency reached 22.19%.This work provides an effective approach to interface optimization to emphasize the energy-level grading and lattice matching in minimizing V_(OC) loss and improving the performance of MAPbI_(3) PSCs.展开更多
Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells suffer from significant open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))deficits due to severe interfacial and bulk recombination,restricting their power conversion efficiency(PCE)far bel...Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells suffer from significant open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))deficits due to severe interfacial and bulk recombination,restricting their power conversion efficiency(PCE)far below the ShockleyQueisser limit.This work proposes a low-temperature annealing strategy during ITO sputtering(SA)to synergistically address these challenges.The temperature applied during ITO sputtering not only improves the crystallinity,carrier concentration,and optical transmittance of the ITO layer but also promotes the diffusion of In from ITO into both CdS and CZTSSe layers.Consequently,lattice matching at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is optimized,enabling epitaxial growth.And a favorable ITO/In:CdS/In&Cd:CZTSSe structure with optimal band alignment is obtained.As a result,a champion device with a PCE of 1_(4).29%was achieved.The SA-treating also enabled the CZTSSe solar cells to achieve the highest V_(OC)reported to date,exceeding 590 mV.This underscores the essential role of SA processing in optimizing interface engineering and suppressing defects,thus promoting the development of low-cost,high-performance kesterite photovoltaics.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells have attracted much interest due to the very fast increase of power conversion efficiency(PCE)as well as the lowcost solution processing,excellent absorption coefficient,and long charge carrier ...Perovskite solar cells have attracted much interest due to the very fast increase of power conversion efficiency(PCE)as well as the lowcost solution processing,excellent absorption coefficient,and long charge carrier diffusion length[1-3].In a typical perovskite solar cell,both the electron transport layer(ETL)and the hole transport layer(HTL)are introduced to improve the separation efficiency of the photo-generated carriers in the perovskite light absorber.According to energy band alignment theory,after the perovskite light absorber is contacted to charge transport layers,a new equilibrium of the Fermi level is established between the perovskite and the charge transport layers.展开更多
Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 2...Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209144)the Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan+4 种基金the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program(202201AU070030 and 202201AT070114)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22065038)the High-Level Talents Introduction in Yunnan Province(C619300A010)the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Yunnan(202001AW070008)financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)under grant number RS-2024-00444389。
文摘2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene(Spiro)is an essential hole-transport material used in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,the redox reaction of Spiro and its impact at the interface with the metal electrode are not yet fully understood.In this study,we introduced a crystalline additive(CA)to regulate the redox process of Spiro and its interface with an Ag electrode.Our findings indicate that CA functions as a molecular scaffold,improving the crystallinity and stability of radicals in Spiro throughout the entire redox reaction.This enhancement increases the hole mobility of Spiro and strengthens the internal electric field,thereby improving hole extraction and transport efficiency at both interfaces.Moreover,the optimized redox reaction of Spiro reduces energy loss at the Ag electrode,significantly boosting the power conversion efficiency to 25.21%.Furthermore,CA mitigates the aggregation of lithium salt and enhances the stability of the device.Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of hole-transport mechanisms of Spiro and emphasize the importance of reducing energy loss at the Spiro/Ag electrode interface in PSCs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62004165)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670036)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2020JQ195)the Joint Research Funds of Department of Science&Technology of Shaanxi Province and Northwestern Polytechnical University(2020GXLH-Z-007,2020GXLH-Z-025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The vast majority of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are based on a formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))-dominant composition. Nevertheless, the FA-based perovskite films suffer from undesirable phase transition and defects-induced non-ideal interfacial recombination, which significantly induces energy loss and hinders the improvement of device performance. Herein, we employed 4-fluorophenylmethylammonium iodide(F-PMAI) to modulate surface structure and energy level alignment of the FA-based perovskite films. The superior optoelectronic films were obtained with reduced trap density, pure α-phase FAPbI_(3) and favorable energy band bending. The lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers increased from 489.3 ns to 1010.6 ns, and a more “p-type” perovskite film was obtained by the post-treatment with F-PMAI. Following this strategy, we demonstrated an improved power conversion efficiency of 22.59% for the FA-based PSCs with an open-circuit voltage loss of 399 m V.
基金support from NTNU Nanolab and financial supports from VISTA, Zhengzhou Research Institute of Chalco and Norwegian research council
文摘Electrochemical energy storage systems with high specific energy and power as well as long cyclic stability attract increasing attention in new energy technologies. The principles for rational design of electrodes are discussed to reduce the activation, concentration, and resistance overpotentials and improve the active ma- terial efficiency in order to simultaneously achieve high specific energy and power. Three dimensional （3D） nanocomposites are currently considered as promising electrode materials due to their large surface area, reduced electronic and ionic diffusion distances, and synergistic effects. This paper reviews the most recent progress on the synthesis and application of 3D thin film nanoelectrode arrays based on aligned carbon nan- otubes （ACNTs） directly grown on metal foils for energy storages and special attentions are paid on our own representative works. These novel 3D nanoelectrode arrays on metal foil exhibit improved electrochemical performances in terms of specific energy, specific power and cyclic stability due to their unique structures. In this active materials coated ACNTs over conductive substrate structures, each component is tailored to address a different demand. The electrochemical active material is used to store energy, while the ACNTs are employed to provide a large surface area to support the active material and nanocable arrays to facilitate the electron transport. The thin film of active materials can not only reduce ion transport resistance by shorten- ing the diffusion length but also make the film elastic enough to tolerate significant volume changes during charge and discharge cycles. The conductive substrate is used as the current collector and the direct contact of the ACNT arrays with the substrate reduces significantly the contact resistance. The principles obtained from ACNT based electrodes are extended to aligned graphene based electrodes. Similar improvements have been achieved which confirms the reliability of the principles obtained. In addition, we also discuss and view the ongoing trends in development of aligned carbon nanostructures based electrodes for energy storage.
基金supported by the Young Cross Team Project of CAS(No.JCTD-2021-14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51925206)Gusu Innovation and Entrepreneur Leading Talents(ZXL2022466)。
文摘Self-assembled monolayers(SAMs),owing to their amphiphilic nature,tend to aggregate,which impedes the formation of a dense and uniform SAM on the substrate.Additionally,the weak adsorption ability of SAMs on the indium tin oxide(ITO)surface and the desorption of hydroxyl(OH)from the ITO surface induced by polar solvents can lead to the formation of vacancies.Herein,a dimethylacridine-based SAM is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution.This SAM can be extruded from the precursor solution and enriched on the bottom surface of the perovskite,filling the vacancies and in situ forming a mixed SAM with MeO-2PACz as a hole-selective layer(HSL).The in situ formed mixed SAM optimizes the energy level alignment between the HSL and the perovskite,facilitating hole extraction and alleviating the residual strain of the perovskite film.Consequently,the perovskite solar cells(PSCs),based on the mixed SAM,achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.69%and exhibit excellent operational stability.When this approach is applied to 1.78 eV bandgap PSC devices,it yields a PCE of 20.08%.This work presents a unique strategy for fabricating both high-quality perovskite films and superior buried interfaces,which is also applicable to wide-bandgap PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109019,52272193)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602,DUT23RC(3)002)。
文摘Carbon-based perovskite solar cells(C-PSCs)exhibit notable stability and durability.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)is significantly hindered by energy level mismatches,which result in interfacial charge transport barriers at the electrode-related interfaces.Herein,we report a back electrode that utilizes atomically dispersed metallic cobalt(Co)in carbon nanosheets(Co_1/CN)to adjust the interfacial energy levels.The electrons in the d-orbitals of Co atoms disrupt the electronic symmetry of the carbon nanosheets(CN),inducing a redistribution of the electronic density of states that leads to a downward shift in the Fermi level and a significantly reduced interfacial energy barrier.As a result,the C-PSCs using Co1/CN as back electrodes achieve a notable PCE of 22.61%with exceptional long-term stability,maintaining 94.4%of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination without encapsulation.This work provides a promising universal method to regulate the energy level of carbon electrodes for C-PSCs and paves the way for more efficient,stable,and scalable solar technologies toward commercialization.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2021SLABFK09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109093)+1 种基金the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning and the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.19QA1403800)the Project of Innovative Development Agency of Republic of Uzbekistan(No.FZ-20200929177)and Shanghai Technical Service Computing Center of Science and Engineering,Shanghai University.
文摘Inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have stood out in recent years for their great potential in offering low-temperature compatibility,long-term stability and tandem cell suitability.However,challenges persist,particularly concerning the use of nickel oxide nanoparticles(NiO_(x)NPs)as the hole transport material,where issues such as low conductivity,impurity-induced aggregation and interface redox reactions significantly hinder device performance.In response,this study presents a novel synthesis method for NiO_(x)NPs,leveraging the introduction of ammonium salt dopants(NH_(4)Cl and NH_(4)SCN),and the solar cell utilizing the doped NiO_(x)substrate exhibits much enhanced device performance.Furthermore,doped solar cells reach 23.27%power conversion efficiency(PCE)when a self-assembled monolayer(SAM)is further employed.This study provides critical insights into the synthesis and growth pathways of NiO_(x)NPs,propelling the development of efficient hole transport materials for high-performance PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22072034 and 22001050)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130147,2020M681084,and 2022M710949)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Nos.LBH-Z19059,and LBH-Z22106)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Youth Fund(No.YQ2021B002)。
文摘The severe interfacial charge recombination as well as the stability issues brought by the Li-TFSI still hinder the commercialization of high-performance perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,a polyoxometalates(POMs)-based complex,POM@ionic liquid(IL),is synthesized and applied as an effective additive that simultaneously enhances the performance and stability of PSCs.The interactions between POM@IL complex and Li-TFSI inhibit the aggregation of Li-TFSI.The synergistic oxidation of POM@IL complex and Li-TFSI towards 2,2,7,7-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD)effectively enhances the electrical properties of hole transport layer film and the photovoltaic performances of PSCs.The champion device modified with the POM@IL complex yields an excellent power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 22.73%.Moreover,the incorporation of POM@IL improves the humidity stability of PSCs.After storing under high humidity conditions(25℃,60%RH)for 1200 h,the POM@IL modified device retained a remarkable 81.2%of its initial PCE.This work provides new insight into constructing POMs-based materials for high-performance photovoltaic devices.
基金financially supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2017110C0654)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974063,61904023)the Chongqing Special Postdoctoral Science Foundation(cstc2019jcyj-bsh0026)。
文摘Bulk and interface carrier nonradiative recombination losses impede the further improvement of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).It is highly necessary to develop multifunctional strategy to minimize surface and interface nonradiative recombination losses.Herein,we report a bulk and interface defect passivation strategy via the synergistic effect of anions and cations,where multifunctional potassium sulphate(K_(2)SO_(4))is incorporated at SnO_(2)/perovskite interface.We find that K^(+)ions in K_(2)SO_(4)diffuse into perovskite layer and suppress the formation of bulk defects in perovskite films,and the SO_(4)^(2-)ions remain located at interface via the strong chemical interaction with SnO_(2)layer and perovskite layer,respectively.Through this synergistic modification strategy,effective defect passivation and improved energy band alignment are achieved simultaneously.These beneficial effects are translated into an efficiency increase from 19.45%to 21.18%with a low voltage deficit of0.53 V mainly as a result of boosted open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))after K_(2)SO_(4)modification.In addition,the K_(2)SO_(4)modification contributes to ameliorated stability.The present work provides a route to minimize bulk and interface nonradiative recombination losses for the simultaneous realization of PCE and stability enhancement by rational anion and cation synergistic engineering.
基金Finacial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170549,BK20180887)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706103,62004084)+3 种基金Guangdong Innovation Research Team for Higher Education(2017KCXTD030)the High-level Talents Project of Dongguan University of Technology(KCYKYQD2017017)the Young Talent Cultivation Plan of Jiangsu UniversityJiangsu Provincial Program for High-Level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Introduction。
文摘Two-dimensional carbon nitride(2 D-C_(3) N_(4))nanosheets are promising materials in photocatalytic water splitting,but still suffer from easy agglomeration and fast photogene rated electron-hole pairs recombination.To tackle this issue,herein,a hierarchical Nb_(2) O_(5)/2 D-C_(3) N_(4) heterostructure is precisely constructed and the built-in electric field between Nb_(2)O_(5) and 2 D-C_(3) N_(4) can provide the driving force to separate/transfer the charge carriers efficiently.Moreover,the strongly Lewis acidic Nb_(2)O_(5) can adsorb TEOA molecules on its surface at locally high concentrations to facilitate the oxidation reaction kinetics under irradiation,resulting in efficient photogene rated electrons-holes separation and exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.As expected,the champion Nb_(2)O_(5)/2 D-C_(3)N_(4) heterostructure achieves an exceptional H2 evolution rate of 31.6 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which is 213.6 times and 4.3 times higher than that of pristine Nb_(2)O_(5) and2 D-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Moreover,the champion heterostructure possesses a high apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 45.08%atλ=405 nm and superior cycling stability.Furthermore,a possible photocatalytic mechanism of the energy band alignment at the hetero-interface is proposed based on the systematical characterizations accompanied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work paves the way for the precise construction of a high-quality heterostructured photocatalyst with efficient charge separation to boost hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875122)。
文摘Realizing simultaneous adjustment of energy levels and work functions in two-dimensional/three-dimensional(2D/3D)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is a challenge.Here,a pseudohalide 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylammonium tetrafluoroborate(TFPMABF_(4))was used to react with unreacted Pb I2on the surface of 3D bulky perovskite to form a mixed halide of 2D perovskite denoted(TF-PMA)_(2)FA_(2)Pb_(3)I_(8)(BF_(4))_(2).This novel 2D/3D perovskite enables the simultaneous adjustment of energy levels and work functions on the surface of active layers.Due to the significantly enhanced quality of 2D/3D perovskite film,decreased surface defects and increased charge carrier lifetime,the 2D/3D PSCs exhibit an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.15%and a high V_(OC)of 1.194 V.Importantly,2D/3D PSCs exhibit remarkable enhancements in environmental stability,unencapsulated devices retaining more than 90%of their initial PCE at 50%humidity for 2,280 h.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202300,52372226,51972172 and 1705102)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722591)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2023-JC-QN-0643 and 2022JQ-629)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(No.2023NSCQ-MSX0097)。
文摘Eco-friendly lead-free tin(Sn)-based perovskites have drawn much attention in the field of photovoltaic s,and the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of Sn-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been recently approaching 15%.However,the PCE improvement of Sn-based PSCs has reached bottleneck,and an unambiguous guidance beyond traditional trial-and-error process is highly desired for further boosting their PCE.In this work,machine learning(ML)approach based on artificial neural network(ANN)algorithm is adopted to guide the development of Sn-based PSCs by learning from currently available data.Two models are designed to predict the bandgap of newly designed Sn-based perovskites and photovoltaic performance trends of the PSCs,and the practicability of the models are verified by real experimental data.Moreover,by analyzing the physical mechanisms behind the predicted trends,the typical characteristics of Sn-based perovskites can be derived even no relevant inputs are provided,demonstrating the robustness of the developed models.Based on the models,it is predicted that wide bandgap Sn-based PSCs with optimized interfacial energy level alignment could obtain promising PCE breaking 20%.At last,critical suggestions for future development of Sn-based PSCs are provided.This work opens a new avenue for guiding and promoting the development of high-performing Sn-based PSCs.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(Nos.2017GZ0052,2020YFH0079,and 2020JDJQ0030)National Energy Novel Materials Center Project(No.NENMC-I-1701)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.YJ201722,YJ201955)support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1804132)。
文摘Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfaces engineering plays important roles in developing highly efficient Sn-based PSCs via passivation of trap defects,alignment of energy levels,and incorporation of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites.In this review,we summarize the development of Pb-free Sn-based perovskites and their applications in devices,especially the strategies of improving the interfaces.We also provide perspectives for future research.Our aim is to help the development of new and advanced approaches to achieving high-performance environment-friendly Pb-free Sn-based PSCs.
基金financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110770)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21965013)。
文摘In recent years, metal halide perovskites have emerged as star semiconducting materials in the field of optoelectronic devices owing to their fascinating optoelectronic properties. Of particular interest are perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have witnessed skyrocketing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) within a short period of time, and were recently certified to reach 25.5%, which is already higher than other thin film photovoltaic technologies[1]. Nevertheless, multiple layers are still needed for state-of-theart PSCs to achieve high PCEs over 21%.
基金the support from NSFC(U2001217,21972006,51803035)the Shenzhen Peacock Plan(KQTD2016053015544057)+4 种基金the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Circle United Research Project(SGLH20180622092406130)the Nanshan Pilot Plan(LHTD20170001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110981)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices(2019B121203003)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813105205501)。
文摘Nickel oxide (NiO_(x)) has significant cost and stability advantages over poly[bis (4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethyl phenyl)amine](PTAA) for inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs),but the poor NiO_(x)/perovskite contact stemming from some reactive species at the interface led to suboptimal device performance.To solve this problem,we take a multiple donor molecule approach,using 3,3’-(4,8-bis(hexylthio)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(10-(6-bromohexyl)-10H-phenoxazine)(BDT-POZ) as an example,to modify the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.The primary goal was to reduce the under-coordinated Ni^(≥3+) cations via electron transfer from the donor molecules to NiO_(x),thus mitigating the detrimental reactions between perovskite and NiO_(x).Equally importantly,the hole extraction at the interface was greatly enhanced after the organic donor modification,since the hydrophobic species atop NiO_(x) not only enabled pinhole-free crystallization of the perovskite but also properly tuned the interfacial energy level alignment.Consequently,the PSCs with NiO_(x)/BDT-POZ HTL achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 20.16%,which compared excellently with that of the non-modified devices (17.83%).This work provides a new strategy to tackle the exacting issues that have so far impeded the development of NiO_(x) based PSCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFA0403403 and 2017YFB0701901the Natural Science Foundation of China 12075303, 11675252 and U1632265。
文摘Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explored in perovskite precursor with notable achievements in the development of highperformance PSCs. Herein, tartaric acid(TA) was applied as additive in perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth leading to high quality thin films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations favoring efficient charge transport along multiple directions. It is also noticed that TA can improve the energy level alignment in PSCs, which effectively accelerates both carrier extraction and transportation with non-radiative recombination suppressed at the perovskite interfaces. Based on the present perovskite films, the fabricated PSCs achieved an excellent champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.82% from that of 19.70% for the control device without TA additive. In addition, a PSC with TA additive was shown to exhibit impressive operational stability by retaining 92% of its initial PCE after~1200 h of aging at room temperature in ambient air with a relative humidity of about 10%–25%. In summary, the present work demonstrates a facile and versatile approach by using TA as additive in perovskite precursor to fabricate high quality perovskite films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations for high-efficiency stable PSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62174021 and 62104028)the Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2023NSFSC1973)+7 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (MZGC20230008)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2022NSFSC0899)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M700689)the Grant SCITLAB (20012) of Intelligent Terminal Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2019J054)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515110438)sponsored by the University of Kentuckythe Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D) alternating cation(ACI) perovskite surface defects,especially dominant iodine vacancies(V_Ⅰ) and undercoordinated Pb^(2+),limit the performance of perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).To address the issue,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoro-methane-sulfonate(BMIMOTF) and its iodide counterpart(BMIMI) are utilized to modify the perovskite surface respectively.We find that BMIMI can change the perovskite surface,whereas BMIMOTF shows a nondestructive and more effective defect passivation,giving significantly reduced defect density and suppressed charge-carrier nonradiative recombination.This mainly attributes to the marked passivation efficacy of OTF-anion on V_Ⅰ and undercoordinated Pb^(2+),rather than BMIMI^(+) cation.Benefiting from the rational surface-modification of BMMIMOTF,the films exhibit an optimized energy level alignment,enhanced hydrophobicity and suppressed ion migration.Consequently,the BMIMOTF-modified devices achieve an impressive efficiency of 21.38% with a record open-circuit voltage of 1.195 V,which is among the best efficiencies reported for 2D PVSCs,and display greatly enhanced humidity and thermal stability.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of China (IRT1148)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52102165, 62474056)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY221029, NY222165)。
文摘MAPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells(PSCs)exhibit a theoretical open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))of approximately 1.3 V,and minimizing V_(OC) loss is crucial for enhancing their performance.Herein,we focus on MAPbI_(3) PSCs to inhibit the interfacial charge recombination and voltage loss through synergistic energy-level grading and lattice matching.The synthesized SrTiO_(3) nanocubes were incorporated into the TiO_(2) electron transport layer to effectively achieve optimal energy alignment with the conduction band of MAPbI_(3),to reduce charge carrier energy loss,and improve carrier extraction.Furthermore,the small lattice mismatch between the perovskite structures of SrTiO_(3) and MAPbI_(3) promoted the growth of high-quality perovskite films with reduced defect density.As a result,the V_(OC) of the MAPbI_(3) PSCs was increased to 1.17 V,and the power conversion efficiency reached 22.19%.This work provides an effective approach to interface optimization to emphasize the energy-level grading and lattice matching in minimizing V_(OC) loss and improving the performance of MAPbI_(3) PSCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4205000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52525405,62504071,and 52572217)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421255 and242300420313)the Key Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(24A430003)。
文摘Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells suffer from significant open-circuit voltage(V_(OC))deficits due to severe interfacial and bulk recombination,restricting their power conversion efficiency(PCE)far below the ShockleyQueisser limit.This work proposes a low-temperature annealing strategy during ITO sputtering(SA)to synergistically address these challenges.The temperature applied during ITO sputtering not only improves the crystallinity,carrier concentration,and optical transmittance of the ITO layer but also promotes the diffusion of In from ITO into both CdS and CZTSSe layers.Consequently,lattice matching at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is optimized,enabling epitaxial growth.And a favorable ITO/In:CdS/In&Cd:CZTSSe structure with optimal band alignment is obtained.As a result,a champion device with a PCE of 1_(4).29%was achieved.The SA-treating also enabled the CZTSSe solar cells to achieve the highest V_(OC)reported to date,exceeding 590 mV.This underscores the essential role of SA processing in optimizing interface engineering and suppressing defects,thus promoting the development of low-cost,high-performance kesterite photovoltaics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22425202,22279052,22372067,51902121,22372078)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0500501)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells have attracted much interest due to the very fast increase of power conversion efficiency(PCE)as well as the lowcost solution processing,excellent absorption coefficient,and long charge carrier diffusion length[1-3].In a typical perovskite solar cell,both the electron transport layer(ETL)and the hole transport layer(HTL)are introduced to improve the separation efficiency of the photo-generated carriers in the perovskite light absorber.According to energy band alignment theory,after the perovskite light absorber is contacted to charge transport layers,a new equilibrium of the Fermi level is established between the perovskite and the charge transport layers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302229,62404072)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(KJS2425)+1 种基金Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytech-nic University(B2024-72)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ2400702).
文摘Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
