As the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector and one of the most important sources of carhon dioxide （CO2） emissions, the China＇s iron and steel industry has paid attention to the study of changing trend an...As the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector and one of the most important sources of carhon dioxide （CO2） emissions, the China＇s iron and steel industry has paid attention to the study of changing trend and influencing factors of CO2 emissions from energy use. The logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMD1） technique is used to decompose total change in CO2 emissions into four factors： emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and steel production effect. The results show that the steel production effect is the major factor which is responsible for the rise in CO2 emissions; whereas the energy consumption effect contributes most to the reduction in CO2 emissions. And the emission factor effect makes a weak negative contribution to the increase of CO2 emis- sions. To find out the detailed relationship between change in energy consumption or steel production and change in CO2 emissions, the correlation equations are also proposed.展开更多
The California Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water （CaI-SIMETAW） model is a new tool developed by the California Department of Water Resources and the University of California, Davis to perform daily s...The California Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water （CaI-SIMETAW） model is a new tool developed by the California Department of Water Resources and the University of California, Davis to perform daily soil water balance and determine crop evapotranspiration （ETo）, evapotranspiration of applied water （ETaw）, and applied water （AW） for use in California water resources planning. ETaw is a seasonal estimate of the water needed to irrigate a crop assuming 100% irrigation efficiency. The model accounts for soils, crop coefficients, rooting depths, seepage, etc. that influence crop water balance. It provides spatial soil and climate information and it uses historical crop and land-use category information to provide seasonal water balance estimates by combinations of detailed analysis unit and county （DAU/County） over Califomia. The result is a large data base of ETc and ETaw that will be used to update information in the new California Water Plan （CWP）. The application uses the daily climate data, i.e., maximum （Tx） and minimum （Tn） temperature and precipitation （Pcp）, which were derived from monthly USDA-NRCS PRISM data （PRISM Group 2011） and daily US National Climate Data Center （NCDC） climate station data to cover California on a 4 kmx4 km change grid spacing. The application uses daily weather data to determine reference evapotranspiration （ETo）, using the Hargreaves-Samani （HS） equation （Hargreaves and Samani 1982, 1985）. Because the HS equation is based on temperature only, ETo from the HS equation were compared with CIMIS ETo at the same locations using available CIMIS data to determine correction factors to estimate CIMIS ETo from the HS ETo to account for spatial climate differences. CaI-SIMETAW also employs near real-time reference evapotranspiration （ETo） information from Spatial CIMIS, which is a model that combines weather station data and remote sensing to provide a grid of ETo information. A second database containing the available soil water holding capacity and soil depth information for all of California was also developed from the USDA-NRCS SSURGO database. The Cal-SIMETAW program also has the ability to generate daily weather data from monthly mean values for use in studying climate change scenarios and their possible impacts on water demand in the state. The key objective of this project is to improve the accuracy of water use estimates for the California Water Plan （CWP）, which provides a comprehensive report on water supply, demand, and management in California. In this paper, we will discuss the model and how it determines ETaw for use in water resources planning.展开更多
High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid regions.This study aims to evaluate the techno-financial asp...High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid regions.This study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled(EV-cooled)greenhouse in winter and summer seasons.Two quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University,Oman,with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m wide.The AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes(LED)lights were used as a source of light,while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light source.Three cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for experimentation.To evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance,we conducted measures on land use efficiency(LUE),water use efficiency(WUE),gross water use efficiency(GWUE)and energy use efficiency(EUE).Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both greenhouses.The results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m^(2) for the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses,respectively.However,the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m^(2) in both greenhouses in summer.The WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8%in winter and 26.8%in summer.The GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water;it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%.The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both seasons.Financial analysis showed that in winter,gross return,net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EVcooled greenhouse,while in summer,those were higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse.The values of internal rate of return in the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses were 63.4%and 129.3%,respectively.In both greenhouses,lettuce investment was highly sensitive to changes in price,yield and energy cost.The financial performance of the AC-cooled greenhouse in summer was better than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse and the pattern was opposite in winter.Finally,more studies on the optimum LED light intensity for any particular crop have to be conducted over different growing seasons in order to enhance the yield quantity and quality of crop.展开更多
Developing a green economy is key to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses the SBM-GML index, which includes non-desired outputs, to measure the trend of regional green economic efficiency ...Developing a green economy is key to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses the SBM-GML index, which includes non-desired outputs, to measure the trend of regional green economic efficiency changes and analyze the impact mechanism and realization path of industrial transformation on green economic efficiency. The research results show that advanced industrial structure has a positive influence on green economic efficiency nationwide, while energy utilization structure and energy utilization efficiency have positive partial intermediary effects in the influence path;industrial structure rationalization is also significantly positively related to green economic efficiency nationwide, and the mediating effect of energy utilization is positive. The impact of industrial transformation on green economic efficiency has regional heterogeneity, and the mediating effect of energy use also differs. Among them, the impact effect in the eastern region is basically consistent with the national sample, but is negative in the central and western regions. This paper proposes countermeasures in terms of adjusting the industrial structure, improving energy efficiency, and perfecting industrial and energy policies, which can provide theoretical and practical references for promoting the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure, optimizing energy utilization, and advancing the efficiency of the national and regional green economy.展开更多
The Chinese government is developing biomass ethanol as one of its automobile fuels for energy security and environmental improvement reasons. The energy efficiency of the biomass-based fuel ethanol is critical issue....The Chinese government is developing biomass ethanol as one of its automobile fuels for energy security and environmental improvement reasons. The energy efficiency of the biomass-based fuel ethanol is critical issue. To investigate the energy use in the three biomass-base ethanol fuel systems, energy content approach, Market value approach and Product displacement approach methods were used to allocate the energy use based on life cycle energy assessment. The results shows that the net energy of corn based, wheat based, and cassava-based ethanol fuel are 12543MJ, 10299MJ and 13112MJ when get one ton biomassbased ethanol, respectively, and they do produce positive net energy.展开更多
Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing s...Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.展开更多
The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family members.Based on a field su...The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family members.Based on a field survey on the Central Shaanxi Plain,to identify the energy use behavior patterns of typical families,a stochastic energy use behavior model considering differences in energy use behavior among family members was proposed,to improve the accuracy of energy consumption simulations of residential buildings.The results indicated that the surveyed rural families could be classified into the following four types depending on specific energy use behavior patterns:families of one elderly couple,families of one middle-aged couple,families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.Moreover,on typical summer days,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 25.39%and 28%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study for families of one elderly couple and families of one middle-aged couple,and 13.05%and 23.05%higher for families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.On typical winter days,for the four types of families,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 21.69%,10.84%,1.21%,and 8.39%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study,respectively.展开更多
Red plus blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are commonly applied in plant factories with artificial lighting due to photosynthetic pigments,which absorb strongly in red and blue light regions of the spectrum.However,plan...Red plus blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are commonly applied in plant factories with artificial lighting due to photosynthetic pigments,which absorb strongly in red and blue light regions of the spectrum.However,plants grown under natural environment are used to utilizing broad-wide spectrum by long-term evolution.In order to examine the effects of addition light added in red plus blue LEDs or white LEDs,green and purple leaf lettuces(Lactuca sativa L.cv.Lvdie and Ziya)were hydroponically cultivated for 20 days under white LEDs,white plus red LEDs,red plus blue LEDs,and red plus blue LEDs supplemented with ultraviolet,green or far-red light,respectively.The results indicated that the addition of far-red light in red plus blue LEDs increased leaf fresh and dry weights of green leaf lettuce by 28%and 34%,respectively.Addition of ultraviolet light did not induce any differences in growth and energy use efficiency in both lettuce cultivars,while supplementing green light with red plus blue LEDs reduced the vitamin C content of green leaf lettuce by 44%and anthocyanin content of purple leaf lettuce by 30%compared with red plus blue LEDs,respectively.Spectral absorbencies of purple leaf lettuce grown under red plus blue LEDs supplemented with green light were lower in green light region compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs,which was associated with anthocyanin contents.White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%,and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.Fresh weight,light and electrical energy use efficiencies of hydroponic green and purple leaf lettuces grown under white plus red LEDs were higher or no significant differences compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs.In conclusion,white plus red LEDs were suggested to substitute for red plus blue LEDs in hydroponic lettuce(cv.Lvdie and Ziya)production in plant factories with artificial lighting.展开更多
The aim of this research is to conduct an energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission analysis in watermelon production that took place in Kırklareli Province of Turkey during the 2021 production season.This...The aim of this research is to conduct an energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission analysis in watermelon production that took place in Kırklareli Province of Turkey during the 2021 production season.This research contains calculations of Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy,energy input types,GHG emissions and GHG ratio.Survey,observation and data calculations are related to the 2021 production season.The data used in the research were collected from 30 different(accessible)farms through face-to-face surveys with full count method.EI and EO were calculated as 15698.99 MJ/hm^(2)and 104784.91 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.In relation to production inputs,24.29%of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(3813.34 MJ/hm^(2)),20.04%consisted of transportation energy(3146.19 MJ/hm^(2)),10.63%consisted of diesel fuel energy(1668.52 MJ/hm^(2)),7.44%consisted of human labour energy(1168.09 MJ/hm^(2)),6.50%consisted of plant energy(1021.02 MJ/hm^(2)),5.76%consisted of electricity energy(904.50 MJ/hm^(2)),5.18%consisted of machinery energy(813.44 MJ/hm^(2)),3.36%consisted of irrigation water energy(527.63 MJ/hm^(2)),2.85%consisted of organic fertilizer energy(446.72 MJ/hm^(2)),2.40%consisted of farmyard manure energy(376.62 MJ/hm^(2))and 0.67%consisted of chemicals energy(105.67 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 6.67,0.28 MJ/kg,3.51 kg/MJ and 89085.91 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The utilized total energy input in production was grouped as 27.19%direct energy,72.81%indirect energy,22.55%renewable energy and 77.45%nonrenewable.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were determined as 492.82 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),0.01 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.展开更多
This study has been conducted with the purpose of determining energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of garlic cultivation during the 2020-2021 cultivation season in Adıyaman province of Turkey.Questionnai...This study has been conducted with the purpose of determining energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of garlic cultivation during the 2020-2021 cultivation season in Adıyaman province of Turkey.Questionnaires,observations and field works were performed in 134 garlic farms in the region through simple random method.In garlic cultivation,energy input was calculated as 32103.20 MJ/hm^(2)and energy output was calculated as 30096 MJ/hm^(2).With regards to the three highest inputs in garlic production,46.66%of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(14979.26 MJ/hm^(2)),11.29%consisted of farmyard manure energy(3625.71 MJ/hm^(2))and 10.48%consisted of human labour energy(3363.36 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy in garlic cultivation were calculated as 0.94,1.71 MJ/kg,0.59 kg/MJ,and−2007.20 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The total energy input consumed in garlic cultivation was classified as 27.19%direct energy,72.81%indirect energy,35.17%renewable energy and 64.87%nonrenewable energy.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 8636.60 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)and 0.46 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.展开更多
To enhance the transplants’growth and reduce energy use efficiency,Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)transplants(cv.Jingqie 21)were cultivated in a plant factory laboratory under different LED light spectrums.The experim...To enhance the transplants’growth and reduce energy use efficiency,Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)transplants(cv.Jingqie 21)were cultivated in a plant factory laboratory under different LED light spectrums.The experimental treatments included white plus blue LED lights(R:B=0.5,WB0.5),white LED lights(R:B=0.9,W0.9),white plus red LED lights(R:B=2.7,WR2.7),white plus red plus UV lights(R:B=3.8,WRUV3.8),and red plus blue plus green LED lights(R:B=5.4,RBG5.4).The transplants were grown for 30 d under a light intensity of 250μmol/m2·s and a photoperiod of 16 h/d.The morphological indicators and biomass accumulation of eggplant transplants were significantly higher in the W0.9 treatment compared to the other experimental treatments.The photosynthetic quantum yield in the W0.9 treatment exhibited an increase of over 22%compared to that in the WR2.7 treatment.The shoot dry weight of the W0.9 treatment reached(381±41)mg/plant and the leaf area was(113.3±8.9)cm^(2),indicating a higher health index compared to the other treatments.However,there were no significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves among all treatments.The energy yield(EY)of the W0.9 treatment was(37.7±1.8)g/kW·h,which was higher than others.Therefore,considering the high quality of transplants and the maximization of energy use efficiency,the LED light spectrum in the eggplant transplants production was recommended to the white LED light with an R:B ratio of 0.9.展开更多
(Quoted from the 1Announcement and Call for Papers) The workshop is aimed at encouraging the use of biomass forenergy production and sustainable development, in particular, inthe field of China’s energy supply. In or...(Quoted from the 1Announcement and Call for Papers) The workshop is aimed at encouraging the use of biomass forenergy production and sustainable development, in particular, inthe field of China’s energy supply. In order to develop a sustain-able （economic, environmentally friendly and sound for futuregenerations） energy supply, pollution caused by emissions duringenergy generation needs to be reduced, and existing resources展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in peach production that took place in Kırklareli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 production season.This st...The purpose of this study was to determine the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in peach production that took place in Kırklareli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 production season.This study included calculations of energy input,energy output,energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity,net energy,energy input types,GHG emissions and GHG ratio.Survey,observation and data calculations are related to the 2020-2021 production season.The data obtained from the study were collected from 16 different farms(reachable)through face-to-face surveys with full count method.Energy input and energy output were calculated as 19570.58 MJ/hm^(2) and 19471.94 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.With regards to production inputs,55.70% of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(10900.03 MJ/hm^(2)),9.46% consisted of chemicals energy(1852.10 MJ/hm^(2)),9.32% consisted of human labour energy(1823.13 MJ/hm^(2)),7.65% consisted of electricity energy(1497.28 MJ/hm^(2)),6.91% consisted of diesel fuel energy(1351.52 MJ/hm^(2)),4.73% consisted of irrigation water energy(926.10 MJ/hm^(2)),3.43% consisted of machinery energy(671.98 MJ/hm^(2)),1.88% consisted of transportation energy(367.72 MJ/hm^(2)),0.88% consisted of farmyard manure energy(171.80 MJ/hm^(2))and 0.05%consisted of lime energy(8.94 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 0.99,1.91 MJ/kg,0.52 kg/MJ and-98.64 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The consumed total energy input in production was classified as 28.60% direct energy,71.40% indirect energy,14.93% renewable energy and 85.07% non-renewable.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 1683.24 kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2) and 0.16 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.展开更多
The energy use of Bitcoin is fiercely debated among academics,practitioners,and the general public.This debate is often biased and characterized by a lack of understanding.Therefore,I start this paper with a discussio...The energy use of Bitcoin is fiercely debated among academics,practitioners,and the general public.This debate is often biased and characterized by a lack of understanding.Therefore,I start this paper with a discussion of the fundamentals of Bitcoin,which includes the clarification of widely held misconceptions.Next,I illustrate how Bitcoin is related to energy and describe the underlying incentive mechanism.In the main body of the paper,I discuss various components of Bitcoin’s energy use,including the amount,composition,and geographical distribution of the energy,as well as emerging positive and negative effects.These components are then combined into a comprehensive framework that provides a solid foundation for future academic research and presents practitioners with the big picture of how and why Bitcoin requires energy and whether this can be justified from an environmental point of view.展开更多
To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency,optimizing the tillage and fertilization practices is essential.To assess the effects of tilling and fertilization practices in wheat...To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency,optimizing the tillage and fertilization practices is essential.To assess the effects of tilling and fertilization practices in wheat-maize cropping systems,a three-year field experiment was designed to quantify the carbon footprint(CF)and energy efficiency of the cropping systems in the North China Plain.The study parameters included four tillage practices(no tillage(NT),conventional tillage(CT),rotary tillage(RT),and subsoiling rotary tillage(SRT))and two fertilizer regimes(inorganic fertilizer(IF)and hybrid fertilizer with organic and inorganic components(HF)).The results indicated that the most prominent energy inputs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions could be ascribed to the use of fertilizers and fuel consumption.Under the same fertilization regime,ranking the tillage patterns with respect to the value of the crop yield,profit,CF,energy use efficiency(EUE)or energy productivity(EP)for either wheat or maize always gave the same sequence of SRT>RT>CT>NT.For the same tillage,the energy consumption associated with HF was higher than IF,but its GHG emissions and CF were lower while the yield and profit were higher.In terms of overall performance,tilling is more beneficial than NT,and reduced tillage practices(RT and SRT)are more beneficial than CT.The fertilization regime with the best overall performance was HF.Combining SRT with HF has significant potential for reducing CF and increasing EUE,thereby improving sustainability.Adopting measures that promote these optimizations can help to overcome the challenges posed by a lack of food security,energy crises and ecological stress.展开更多
This article discusses cnergy-ficicnt rtfitting design strategics for commercial office buildings,and cxamincs thcir ffect on energy consumption.The objective of the rescarch was to study how to intcgrate passive desi...This article discusses cnergy-ficicnt rtfitting design strategics for commercial office buildings,and cxamincs thcir ffect on energy consumption.The objective of the rescarch was to study how to intcgrate passive design stratcgics and cnergy-efficient building systems to improve building performancc,and reduce the cncrgy consumption of existing buildings in three different climate types(cold,mixed and hot climates).First,propertics of existing buildings were analyzed based on national CBECS database to detcrminc typical charactcristics of office buildings located in Chicago,Baltimore and Phoenix,including size,building envelope treatment and building systems.Then,fourteen diffrent prototypes were developed,varying the building shape and orientation to represent different building stock,and cncrgy modcling was conducted to cstablish energy usage baselinc.Multiplc design con-sidcrations were investigated bascd on cxtensivc cncrgy simulations and modeling;where low-impact and decp retrofits were considered.Low-impact stratcgics included improvements to the building cnvelope,lighting systems and optimization of HVAC systems opcration(without upgrading heating and cooling cquipment).Decp cnergy rctrofits also included improvements to building envclopc and lighting,and con-sidered changcs and improvements to HVAC systems(spccifically,integration of radiant systcms).Energy modeling was conducted for all prototypes,and results were obtained for the bascline(current energy usagc),and energy usage considering low-impact design stratcgics and decp rctrofts.A total of 126 cnergy modcls was devcloped,simulated and analyzed,providing a dataset that captured cnergy usage for investigated scenarios.The comparative analysis of simulation results was used to determine how specific techniqucs lead to energy savings in different climatc types,as well as for buildings of various shapes and oricntations.展开更多
https://doi. org/10.1016/j. enbuild. 2025.115843Volume 343,15 September 2025(1) Archetypes-based calibration for urban building energy modelling by Moa Mattsson,Itai Danielski,Thomas Olofsson,et al,Abstract:Reducing e...https://doi. org/10.1016/j. enbuild. 2025.115843Volume 343,15 September 2025(1) Archetypes-based calibration for urban building energy modelling by Moa Mattsson,Itai Danielski,Thomas Olofsson,et al,Abstract:Reducing energy use w ithin the building sector is vital to create sustainable cities and mitigate global w arming. Urban building energy modelling (UBEM) is useful to evaluate energy demand and renovation potential in districts.展开更多
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/344/suppl/C Volume 344,1 October 2025(1)[OA](1)Energy impact of integrative lighting:as ystematic literature review by Marziyeh Taghizadeh,Niko Gentile,Pi...https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/344/suppl/C Volume 344,1 October 2025(1)[OA](1)Energy impact of integrative lighting:as ystematic literature review by Marziyeh Taghizadeh,Niko Gentile,Pimkamol Mattsson,et al,Article 115920 Abstract:Integrative lighting promoting circadian health hasr ecently gained attention due to the increasing awareness of nonvisual effects of light and advancements in lighting technology.However,reaching both visual and non-visual circadian targets inb uildings may be challenging when considering energy use.展开更多
Energy used for industrial production, buildings and transport will be accumulated in Atmosphere and Earth land. Global use of energy is known and documented for a long period of time and proportion of fossil and rene...Energy used for industrial production, buildings and transport will be accumulated in Atmosphere and Earth land. Global use of energy is known and documented for a long period of time and proportion of fossil and renewable energy is also known. Calculated accumulated energy in Earth land from 1971 to 2018 corresponds to 40% of IPCC Global Energy Inventory and calculated Atmosphere temperature increase from 1971 to 2018 corresponds to 100% of actual measurements.展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N090602007)
文摘As the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector and one of the most important sources of carhon dioxide （CO2） emissions, the China＇s iron and steel industry has paid attention to the study of changing trend and influencing factors of CO2 emissions from energy use. The logarithmic mean Divisia index （LMD1） technique is used to decompose total change in CO2 emissions into four factors： emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and steel production effect. The results show that the steel production effect is the major factor which is responsible for the rise in CO2 emissions; whereas the energy consumption effect contributes most to the reduction in CO2 emissions. And the emission factor effect makes a weak negative contribution to the increase of CO2 emis- sions. To find out the detailed relationship between change in energy consumption or steel production and change in CO2 emissions, the correlation equations are also proposed.
基金supported and funded by the California Department of Water Resources(DWR)
文摘The California Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water （CaI-SIMETAW） model is a new tool developed by the California Department of Water Resources and the University of California, Davis to perform daily soil water balance and determine crop evapotranspiration （ETo）, evapotranspiration of applied water （ETaw）, and applied water （AW） for use in California water resources planning. ETaw is a seasonal estimate of the water needed to irrigate a crop assuming 100% irrigation efficiency. The model accounts for soils, crop coefficients, rooting depths, seepage, etc. that influence crop water balance. It provides spatial soil and climate information and it uses historical crop and land-use category information to provide seasonal water balance estimates by combinations of detailed analysis unit and county （DAU/County） over Califomia. The result is a large data base of ETc and ETaw that will be used to update information in the new California Water Plan （CWP）. The application uses the daily climate data, i.e., maximum （Tx） and minimum （Tn） temperature and precipitation （Pcp）, which were derived from monthly USDA-NRCS PRISM data （PRISM Group 2011） and daily US National Climate Data Center （NCDC） climate station data to cover California on a 4 kmx4 km change grid spacing. The application uses daily weather data to determine reference evapotranspiration （ETo）, using the Hargreaves-Samani （HS） equation （Hargreaves and Samani 1982, 1985）. Because the HS equation is based on temperature only, ETo from the HS equation were compared with CIMIS ETo at the same locations using available CIMIS data to determine correction factors to estimate CIMIS ETo from the HS ETo to account for spatial climate differences. CaI-SIMETAW also employs near real-time reference evapotranspiration （ETo） information from Spatial CIMIS, which is a model that combines weather station data and remote sensing to provide a grid of ETo information. A second database containing the available soil water holding capacity and soil depth information for all of California was also developed from the USDA-NRCS SSURGO database. The Cal-SIMETAW program also has the ability to generate daily weather data from monthly mean values for use in studying climate change scenarios and their possible impacts on water demand in the state. The key objective of this project is to improve the accuracy of water use estimates for the California Water Plan （CWP）, which provides a comprehensive report on water supply, demand, and management in California. In this paper, we will discuss the model and how it determines ETaw for use in water resources planning.
文摘High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid regions.This study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled(EV-cooled)greenhouse in winter and summer seasons.Two quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University,Oman,with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m wide.The AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes(LED)lights were used as a source of light,while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light source.Three cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for experimentation.To evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance,we conducted measures on land use efficiency(LUE),water use efficiency(WUE),gross water use efficiency(GWUE)and energy use efficiency(EUE).Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both greenhouses.The results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m^(2) for the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses,respectively.However,the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m^(2) in both greenhouses in summer.The WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8%in winter and 26.8%in summer.The GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water;it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%.The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both seasons.Financial analysis showed that in winter,gross return,net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EVcooled greenhouse,while in summer,those were higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse.The values of internal rate of return in the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses were 63.4%and 129.3%,respectively.In both greenhouses,lettuce investment was highly sensitive to changes in price,yield and energy cost.The financial performance of the AC-cooled greenhouse in summer was better than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse and the pattern was opposite in winter.Finally,more studies on the optimum LED light intensity for any particular crop have to be conducted over different growing seasons in order to enhance the yield quantity and quality of crop.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42371194]。
文摘Developing a green economy is key to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses the SBM-GML index, which includes non-desired outputs, to measure the trend of regional green economic efficiency changes and analyze the impact mechanism and realization path of industrial transformation on green economic efficiency. The research results show that advanced industrial structure has a positive influence on green economic efficiency nationwide, while energy utilization structure and energy utilization efficiency have positive partial intermediary effects in the influence path;industrial structure rationalization is also significantly positively related to green economic efficiency nationwide, and the mediating effect of energy utilization is positive. The impact of industrial transformation on green economic efficiency has regional heterogeneity, and the mediating effect of energy use also differs. Among them, the impact effect in the eastern region is basically consistent with the national sample, but is negative in the central and western regions. This paper proposes countermeasures in terms of adjusting the industrial structure, improving energy efficiency, and perfecting industrial and energy policies, which can provide theoretical and practical references for promoting the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure, optimizing energy utilization, and advancing the efficiency of the national and regional green economy.
基金This work was supported by the David and Lucie Packard Foundation in partnership with the Energy Foundation, US. Project (G - 0205 -06347)
文摘The Chinese government is developing biomass ethanol as one of its automobile fuels for energy security and environmental improvement reasons. The energy efficiency of the biomass-based fuel ethanol is critical issue. To investigate the energy use in the three biomass-base ethanol fuel systems, energy content approach, Market value approach and Product displacement approach methods were used to allocate the energy use based on life cycle energy assessment. The results shows that the net energy of corn based, wheat based, and cassava-based ethanol fuel are 12543MJ, 10299MJ and 13112MJ when get one ton biomassbased ethanol, respectively, and they do produce positive net energy.
文摘Residential energy-use behavior and energy-saving awareness play a crucial role in sustainable urban energy planning and building energy efficiency,particularly under the pressures of climate change.However,existing studies often lack comparative analysis of urban-rural differences and tend to focus excessively on behavior patterns while neglecting the dimension of energysaving awareness.With China’s urbanization rate reaching 66.16%,understanding such regional disparities has become increasingly important.To address these research gaps,this study conducts a large-scale survey on space cooling behaviors among residents in Beijing,a representative Chinese megacity.It should be noted that living standards in such megacities are generally higher than the national average,which may shape distinctive energy-use profiles.Analyzing 1573valid samples(1064 urban/442 rural)in 2024,this study employed K-Prototypes and K-Modes clustering to identify typical cooling behavior and energy-saving awareness pattems,followed by Kendall/Chi-square correlation tests and XGBoost importance analysis to determine key influencing factors,with subsequent urban-rural comparative analysis.Results indicate that urban residents are primarily heat-sensitive or heat-tolerant,with a secondary patten of mid-low temperature preference,and generally exhibit long cooling durations;rural behavior is dominated by heat-tolerant type,followed by heat-sensitive,mid-low temperature preference,and never-on types as secondary patterns;both urban and rural areas exhibit energy-savingawareness characterized by low consumption-lowwillingness,though urban areas show marginally higher motivation;energy-saving awareness correlates with cooling behavior in rural areas,but this relationship weakens significantly in urban contexts.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378109)Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2023KJXX-043).
文摘The“average occupant”methodology is widely used in energy consumption simulations of residential buildings;however,it fails to consider the differences in energy use behavior among family members.Based on a field survey on the Central Shaanxi Plain,to identify the energy use behavior patterns of typical families,a stochastic energy use behavior model considering differences in energy use behavior among family members was proposed,to improve the accuracy of energy consumption simulations of residential buildings.The results indicated that the surveyed rural families could be classified into the following four types depending on specific energy use behavior patterns:families of one elderly couple,families of one middle-aged couple,families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.Moreover,on typical summer days,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 25.39%and 28%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study for families of one elderly couple and families of one middle-aged couple,and 13.05%and 23.05%higher for families of one elderly couple and one child,and families of one couple and one child.On typical winter days,for the four types of families,the results of daily building energy consumption simulation obtained by the“average occupant”methodology were 21.69%,10.84%,1.21%,and 8.39%lower than the simulation results obtained by the model proposed in this study,respectively.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0403901)This manuscript was presented at 2019 International Symposium on Environment Control Technology for Value-added Plant Production hold in Beijing from Aug.27-29,2019.
文摘Red plus blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are commonly applied in plant factories with artificial lighting due to photosynthetic pigments,which absorb strongly in red and blue light regions of the spectrum.However,plants grown under natural environment are used to utilizing broad-wide spectrum by long-term evolution.In order to examine the effects of addition light added in red plus blue LEDs or white LEDs,green and purple leaf lettuces(Lactuca sativa L.cv.Lvdie and Ziya)were hydroponically cultivated for 20 days under white LEDs,white plus red LEDs,red plus blue LEDs,and red plus blue LEDs supplemented with ultraviolet,green or far-red light,respectively.The results indicated that the addition of far-red light in red plus blue LEDs increased leaf fresh and dry weights of green leaf lettuce by 28%and 34%,respectively.Addition of ultraviolet light did not induce any differences in growth and energy use efficiency in both lettuce cultivars,while supplementing green light with red plus blue LEDs reduced the vitamin C content of green leaf lettuce by 44%and anthocyanin content of purple leaf lettuce by 30%compared with red plus blue LEDs,respectively.Spectral absorbencies of purple leaf lettuce grown under red plus blue LEDs supplemented with green light were lower in green light region compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs,which was associated with anthocyanin contents.White plus red LEDs significantly increased leaf fresh and dry weights of purple leaf lettuce by 25%,and no significant differences were observed in vitamin C and nitrate contents compared with white LEDs.Fresh weight,light and electrical energy use efficiencies of hydroponic green and purple leaf lettuces grown under white plus red LEDs were higher or no significant differences compared with those grown under red plus blue LEDs.In conclusion,white plus red LEDs were suggested to substitute for red plus blue LEDs in hydroponic lettuce(cv.Lvdie and Ziya)production in plant factories with artificial lighting.
文摘The aim of this research is to conduct an energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emission analysis in watermelon production that took place in Kırklareli Province of Turkey during the 2021 production season.This research contains calculations of Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy,energy input types,GHG emissions and GHG ratio.Survey,observation and data calculations are related to the 2021 production season.The data used in the research were collected from 30 different(accessible)farms through face-to-face surveys with full count method.EI and EO were calculated as 15698.99 MJ/hm^(2)and 104784.91 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.In relation to production inputs,24.29%of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(3813.34 MJ/hm^(2)),20.04%consisted of transportation energy(3146.19 MJ/hm^(2)),10.63%consisted of diesel fuel energy(1668.52 MJ/hm^(2)),7.44%consisted of human labour energy(1168.09 MJ/hm^(2)),6.50%consisted of plant energy(1021.02 MJ/hm^(2)),5.76%consisted of electricity energy(904.50 MJ/hm^(2)),5.18%consisted of machinery energy(813.44 MJ/hm^(2)),3.36%consisted of irrigation water energy(527.63 MJ/hm^(2)),2.85%consisted of organic fertilizer energy(446.72 MJ/hm^(2)),2.40%consisted of farmyard manure energy(376.62 MJ/hm^(2))and 0.67%consisted of chemicals energy(105.67 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 6.67,0.28 MJ/kg,3.51 kg/MJ and 89085.91 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The utilized total energy input in production was grouped as 27.19%direct energy,72.81%indirect energy,22.55%renewable energy and 77.45%nonrenewable.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were determined as 492.82 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2),0.01 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.
文摘This study has been conducted with the purpose of determining energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of garlic cultivation during the 2020-2021 cultivation season in Adıyaman province of Turkey.Questionnaires,observations and field works were performed in 134 garlic farms in the region through simple random method.In garlic cultivation,energy input was calculated as 32103.20 MJ/hm^(2)and energy output was calculated as 30096 MJ/hm^(2).With regards to the three highest inputs in garlic production,46.66%of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(14979.26 MJ/hm^(2)),11.29%consisted of farmyard manure energy(3625.71 MJ/hm^(2))and 10.48%consisted of human labour energy(3363.36 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy in garlic cultivation were calculated as 0.94,1.71 MJ/kg,0.59 kg/MJ,and−2007.20 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The total energy input consumed in garlic cultivation was classified as 27.19%direct energy,72.81%indirect energy,35.17%renewable energy and 64.87%nonrenewable energy.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 8636.60 kg CO_(2)-eq/hm^(2)and 0.46 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022 CXGC020708)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2023TC087).
文摘To enhance the transplants’growth and reduce energy use efficiency,Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)transplants(cv.Jingqie 21)were cultivated in a plant factory laboratory under different LED light spectrums.The experimental treatments included white plus blue LED lights(R:B=0.5,WB0.5),white LED lights(R:B=0.9,W0.9),white plus red LED lights(R:B=2.7,WR2.7),white plus red plus UV lights(R:B=3.8,WRUV3.8),and red plus blue plus green LED lights(R:B=5.4,RBG5.4).The transplants were grown for 30 d under a light intensity of 250μmol/m2·s and a photoperiod of 16 h/d.The morphological indicators and biomass accumulation of eggplant transplants were significantly higher in the W0.9 treatment compared to the other experimental treatments.The photosynthetic quantum yield in the W0.9 treatment exhibited an increase of over 22%compared to that in the WR2.7 treatment.The shoot dry weight of the W0.9 treatment reached(381±41)mg/plant and the leaf area was(113.3±8.9)cm^(2),indicating a higher health index compared to the other treatments.However,there were no significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves among all treatments.The energy yield(EY)of the W0.9 treatment was(37.7±1.8)g/kW·h,which was higher than others.Therefore,considering the high quality of transplants and the maximization of energy use efficiency,the LED light spectrum in the eggplant transplants production was recommended to the white LED light with an R:B ratio of 0.9.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)German Science Foundation(DFG)Sino-German Science Center
文摘(Quoted from the 1Announcement and Call for Papers) The workshop is aimed at encouraging the use of biomass forenergy production and sustainable development, in particular, inthe field of China’s energy supply. In order to develop a sustain-able （economic, environmentally friendly and sound for futuregenerations） energy supply, pollution caused by emissions duringenergy generation needs to be reduced, and existing resources
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in peach production that took place in Kırklareli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 production season.This study included calculations of energy input,energy output,energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity,net energy,energy input types,GHG emissions and GHG ratio.Survey,observation and data calculations are related to the 2020-2021 production season.The data obtained from the study were collected from 16 different farms(reachable)through face-to-face surveys with full count method.Energy input and energy output were calculated as 19570.58 MJ/hm^(2) and 19471.94 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.With regards to production inputs,55.70% of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy(10900.03 MJ/hm^(2)),9.46% consisted of chemicals energy(1852.10 MJ/hm^(2)),9.32% consisted of human labour energy(1823.13 MJ/hm^(2)),7.65% consisted of electricity energy(1497.28 MJ/hm^(2)),6.91% consisted of diesel fuel energy(1351.52 MJ/hm^(2)),4.73% consisted of irrigation water energy(926.10 MJ/hm^(2)),3.43% consisted of machinery energy(671.98 MJ/hm^(2)),1.88% consisted of transportation energy(367.72 MJ/hm^(2)),0.88% consisted of farmyard manure energy(171.80 MJ/hm^(2))and 0.05%consisted of lime energy(8.94 MJ/hm^(2)).Energy use efficiency,specific energy,energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 0.99,1.91 MJ/kg,0.52 kg/MJ and-98.64 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.The consumed total energy input in production was classified as 28.60% direct energy,71.40% indirect energy,14.93% renewable energy and 85.07% non-renewable.Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 1683.24 kgCO_(2)-eq/hm^(2) and 0.16 kg CO_(2)-eq/kg,respectively.
文摘The energy use of Bitcoin is fiercely debated among academics,practitioners,and the general public.This debate is often biased and characterized by a lack of understanding.Therefore,I start this paper with a discussion of the fundamentals of Bitcoin,which includes the clarification of widely held misconceptions.Next,I illustrate how Bitcoin is related to energy and describe the underlying incentive mechanism.In the main body of the paper,I discuss various components of Bitcoin’s energy use,including the amount,composition,and geographical distribution of the energy,as well as emerging positive and negative effects.These components are then combined into a comprehensive framework that provides a solid foundation for future academic research and presents practitioners with the big picture of how and why Bitcoin requires energy and whether this can be justified from an environmental point of view.
基金supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2020MC092)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province,China(2019TSCYCX-33)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province,China(LJNY202025).
文摘To make agricultural systems sustainable in terms of their greenness and efficiency,optimizing the tillage and fertilization practices is essential.To assess the effects of tilling and fertilization practices in wheat-maize cropping systems,a three-year field experiment was designed to quantify the carbon footprint(CF)and energy efficiency of the cropping systems in the North China Plain.The study parameters included four tillage practices(no tillage(NT),conventional tillage(CT),rotary tillage(RT),and subsoiling rotary tillage(SRT))and two fertilizer regimes(inorganic fertilizer(IF)and hybrid fertilizer with organic and inorganic components(HF)).The results indicated that the most prominent energy inputs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions could be ascribed to the use of fertilizers and fuel consumption.Under the same fertilization regime,ranking the tillage patterns with respect to the value of the crop yield,profit,CF,energy use efficiency(EUE)or energy productivity(EP)for either wheat or maize always gave the same sequence of SRT>RT>CT>NT.For the same tillage,the energy consumption associated with HF was higher than IF,but its GHG emissions and CF were lower while the yield and profit were higher.In terms of overall performance,tilling is more beneficial than NT,and reduced tillage practices(RT and SRT)are more beneficial than CT.The fertilization regime with the best overall performance was HF.Combining SRT with HF has significant potential for reducing CF and increasing EUE,thereby improving sustainability.Adopting measures that promote these optimizations can help to overcome the challenges posed by a lack of food security,energy crises and ecological stress.
文摘This article discusses cnergy-ficicnt rtfitting design strategics for commercial office buildings,and cxamincs thcir ffect on energy consumption.The objective of the rescarch was to study how to intcgrate passive design stratcgics and cnergy-efficient building systems to improve building performancc,and reduce the cncrgy consumption of existing buildings in three different climate types(cold,mixed and hot climates).First,propertics of existing buildings were analyzed based on national CBECS database to detcrminc typical charactcristics of office buildings located in Chicago,Baltimore and Phoenix,including size,building envelope treatment and building systems.Then,fourteen diffrent prototypes were developed,varying the building shape and orientation to represent different building stock,and cncrgy modcling was conducted to cstablish energy usage baselinc.Multiplc design con-sidcrations were investigated bascd on cxtensivc cncrgy simulations and modeling;where low-impact and decp retrofits were considered.Low-impact stratcgics included improvements to the building cnvelope,lighting systems and optimization of HVAC systems opcration(without upgrading heating and cooling cquipment).Decp cnergy rctrofits also included improvements to building envclopc and lighting,and con-sidered changcs and improvements to HVAC systems(spccifically,integration of radiant systcms).Energy modeling was conducted for all prototypes,and results were obtained for the bascline(current energy usagc),and energy usage considering low-impact design stratcgics and decp rctrofts.A total of 126 cnergy modcls was devcloped,simulated and analyzed,providing a dataset that captured cnergy usage for investigated scenarios.The comparative analysis of simulation results was used to determine how specific techniqucs lead to energy savings in different climatc types,as well as for buildings of various shapes and oricntations.
文摘https://doi. org/10.1016/j. enbuild. 2025.115843Volume 343,15 September 2025(1) Archetypes-based calibration for urban building energy modelling by Moa Mattsson,Itai Danielski,Thomas Olofsson,et al,Abstract:Reducing energy use w ithin the building sector is vital to create sustainable cities and mitigate global w arming. Urban building energy modelling (UBEM) is useful to evaluate energy demand and renovation potential in districts.
文摘https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/344/suppl/C Volume 344,1 October 2025(1)[OA](1)Energy impact of integrative lighting:as ystematic literature review by Marziyeh Taghizadeh,Niko Gentile,Pimkamol Mattsson,et al,Article 115920 Abstract:Integrative lighting promoting circadian health hasr ecently gained attention due to the increasing awareness of nonvisual effects of light and advancements in lighting technology.However,reaching both visual and non-visual circadian targets inb uildings may be challenging when considering energy use.
文摘Energy used for industrial production, buildings and transport will be accumulated in Atmosphere and Earth land. Global use of energy is known and documented for a long period of time and proportion of fossil and renewable energy is also known. Calculated accumulated energy in Earth land from 1971 to 2018 corresponds to 40% of IPCC Global Energy Inventory and calculated Atmosphere temperature increase from 1971 to 2018 corresponds to 100% of actual measurements.
