The challenge of effectively eliminating air during gastrointestinal endoscopy using ultrasound techniques is apparent.This difficulty arises from the intricacies of removing concealed air within the folds of the gast...The challenge of effectively eliminating air during gastrointestinal endoscopy using ultrasound techniques is apparent.This difficulty arises from the intricacies of removing concealed air within the folds of the gastrointestinal tract,resulting in artifacts and compromised visualization.In addition,the overlap of folds with lesions can obscure their depth and size,presenting challenges for an accurate assessment.Conversely,in intricately folded regions of the gastrointestinal tract,such as the stomach,intestine,and colon,insufficient delivery of air or CO_(2) into the cavity impedes luminal expansion,hindering the accurate visualization of lesions concealed within the folds.Although this underscores the requirement for substantial airflow,excessive airflow can hinder visualization of bleeding lesions and other abnormalities.Considering these challenges,an ideal endoscopic device would facilitate the observation of lesions without the requirement for air or CO_(2) delivery whereas,ensuring optimal expansion of the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,transparent gels with specific viscosities have been employed more frequently to address this issue.This review aims to elucidate how these gels address these challenges and provide a solution for enhanced endoscopic visualization.展开更多
BACKGROUND While several treatment options are available for pediatric urethral strictures,the appropriate treatment must be based on several factors.Although endoscopic visual internal urethrotomy(EVIU)could be a fir...BACKGROUND While several treatment options are available for pediatric urethral strictures,the appropriate treatment must be based on several factors.Although endoscopic visual internal urethrotomy(EVIU)could be a first-line treatment option for short pediatric urethral strictures,it is not feasible if the urethroscope cannot pass through the stricture point.Herein,we present a pediatric case of severe posttraumatic bulbous urethral stricture that was successfully treated by EVIU after securing the urethral route via interventional balloon dilatation.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old boy presented at our outpatient clinic with the inability to urinate.He had sustained a straddle injury three months prior.The post-void residual urine volume was 644 mL,and retrograde urethrography confirmed severe stricture of the bulbous urethra.EVIU was planned;however,the first attempt to treat the stricture failed because the urethroscope could not pass through the stricture point.The urethral route was subsequently secured via balloon dilatation of the stricture,which was performed in collaboration with specialists from the department of interventional radiology.The urethroscope was then able to pass,and the repeat EVIU was successful.CONCLUSION Interventional urethral balloon dilatation before EVIU may help secure the urethral route in the treatment of pediatric urethral strictures.展开更多
文摘The challenge of effectively eliminating air during gastrointestinal endoscopy using ultrasound techniques is apparent.This difficulty arises from the intricacies of removing concealed air within the folds of the gastrointestinal tract,resulting in artifacts and compromised visualization.In addition,the overlap of folds with lesions can obscure their depth and size,presenting challenges for an accurate assessment.Conversely,in intricately folded regions of the gastrointestinal tract,such as the stomach,intestine,and colon,insufficient delivery of air or CO_(2) into the cavity impedes luminal expansion,hindering the accurate visualization of lesions concealed within the folds.Although this underscores the requirement for substantial airflow,excessive airflow can hinder visualization of bleeding lesions and other abnormalities.Considering these challenges,an ideal endoscopic device would facilitate the observation of lesions without the requirement for air or CO_(2) delivery whereas,ensuring optimal expansion of the gastrointestinal tract.Recently,transparent gels with specific viscosities have been employed more frequently to address this issue.This review aims to elucidate how these gels address these challenges and provide a solution for enhanced endoscopic visualization.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant founded by the Korea Government,No.NRF-2022R1A2C1007169.
文摘BACKGROUND While several treatment options are available for pediatric urethral strictures,the appropriate treatment must be based on several factors.Although endoscopic visual internal urethrotomy(EVIU)could be a first-line treatment option for short pediatric urethral strictures,it is not feasible if the urethroscope cannot pass through the stricture point.Herein,we present a pediatric case of severe posttraumatic bulbous urethral stricture that was successfully treated by EVIU after securing the urethral route via interventional balloon dilatation.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old boy presented at our outpatient clinic with the inability to urinate.He had sustained a straddle injury three months prior.The post-void residual urine volume was 644 mL,and retrograde urethrography confirmed severe stricture of the bulbous urethra.EVIU was planned;however,the first attempt to treat the stricture failed because the urethroscope could not pass through the stricture point.The urethral route was subsequently secured via balloon dilatation of the stricture,which was performed in collaboration with specialists from the department of interventional radiology.The urethroscope was then able to pass,and the repeat EVIU was successful.CONCLUSION Interventional urethral balloon dilatation before EVIU may help secure the urethral route in the treatment of pediatric urethral strictures.
