Dear Editor,Infections are a common cause of stroke,and tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous causes of central nervous system（CNS）diseases.For example,cerebral infarction is a relatively common and serious CNS ...Dear Editor,Infections are a common cause of stroke,and tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous causes of central nervous system（CNS）diseases.For example,cerebral infarction is a relatively common and serious CNS disease associated with tuberculosis.展开更多
1 On May 19,2025,I had the pleasure of meeting two football players from North Carolina Central University in the Philadelphia airport as we were all headed back to Raleigh,NC.To protect their privacy,I will use only ...1 On May 19,2025,I had the pleasure of meeting two football players from North Carolina Central University in the Philadelphia airport as we were all headed back to Raleigh,NC.To protect their privacy,I will use only the initials of their first names-L and N.展开更多
Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been develop...Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been developed over time to guide practice,incorporating fundamental concepts of therapeutic encounters;nevertheless,the majority are not designed for application in both inpatient and outpatient settings.The SAIDAR communication model is suggested to address this disparity.This review integrates elements of an integrative review with a critical review perspective to provide a narrative synthesis of theoretical and applied communication models derived from seminal works in the field of health communication.Using the CINAHL,Scopus,and Web of Science databases without date restrictions,the selected seminal authors were retrieved.Elicit,an artificial intelligence-driven research assistant,and the Google Scholar search engine were utilized together,and citation chaining facilitated the retrieval of relevant studies,which were analyzed using inductive dominant thematic analysis.Thirteen studies beneficial to the review question were included,and six themes were generated.These themes were salutation,assessing the environment,informing and explaining the task,doing,demonstrating,and performing the task;applauding,correcting,and appreciating,and reinforcing knowledge of the receiver of care.The critical analysis of these themes culminated in the formulation of the SAIDAR communication model.The current model integrates a structured communication framework that acknowledges the individuality of man and environmental assessment and demonstrates,appreciates,and reinforces knowledge.This model is an adaptable and acontextual communication tool suitable for various healthcare environments.展开更多
1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western med...1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.展开更多
In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifes...In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifestation),often referred to as Wu Zang(五藏five zang-organs),representing five interrelated structural-functional systems.There are both differences and connections between visceral manifestations and organs,which are reflected in the theories of Wu Zang.The specific connotation of Wu Zang are determined by the specific context in which they are located.With the accumulation of practice,the Wu Zang of the human body structures and functions,as well as the relationship between the Wu Zang have been in constant development and change.The encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in the 19th century dramatically changed the connotation of Wu Zang,from emphasizing visceral manifestations and neglecting substance to an organs-oriented perspective.This article examines how the encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in China influenced Chinese medicine.By analyzing three key aspects:(1)the interpretation of Wu Zang in pre-16th century texts;(2)the evolution and dissemination of Western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties;(3)the shifting conceptualization of Wu Zang in late Qing medical literature—the study elucidates the transformative impact of this cross-cultural medical encounter on the theory and practice of Chinese medicine.展开更多
With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways(CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the...With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways(CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the simulation and calculation method of flight trajectory is developed,as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method.New methods for departure and go-around procedures are proposed to achieve approximate segregated parallel operation in an attempt to obtain approximately the same results on closely spaced parallel runways as on widely spaced parallel runways. By comparing with the independent parallel departure and segregated parallel operation in ICAO Doc. 9643, it is found that the lateral separation between aircraft in this proposal is not less than the separations in the other two cases. Based on the simulation calculation of flight trajectories under different conditions, the probabilities of collision conflict and encountering wake vortex are lower than those in current operation plan.The proposed plan has no special requirements in pilot operation, control command procedures,airport facilities, or meteorological observation and prediction, so it is convenient to promote and implement at the airports with closely spaced parallel runways.展开更多
在Road to Heaven:Encounters with Chinese Hermits一书中,比尔·波特对中华传统文化和中国典籍相关文字的翻译俯拾即是,此外还包含作者对中国隐士文化的看法和评价,是典型的无本译写文本。文章以Road to Heaven:Encounters with C...在Road to Heaven:Encounters with Chinese Hermits一书中,比尔·波特对中华传统文化和中国典籍相关文字的翻译俯拾即是,此外还包含作者对中国隐士文化的看法和评价,是典型的无本译写文本。文章以Road to Heaven:Encounters with Chinese Hermits为研究对象,采用无本译写特有的底本追踪方法,分析书中译的元素、译写关系以及无本译写所展现的中国文化中的隐士精神。首先,本文从中国典籍、民间传说、历史事件、中国传统价值观念、寻访见闻五个方面分析书中译的元素,其次探讨译写关系,最后从三个层面分析该书无本译写展现的隐士精神。研究发现:译写关系具体表现为互释互构、互相拓展的渐变连续体关系;比尔·波特对中国文化存在误读、翻译不准确、对某一特定文化的了解不全面等现象。展开更多
Objectives To validate the reliability of the Chinese version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy(CARE)in physician-standardized patient(SP)encounter.We also tried to examine the agreement between video-based r...Objectives To validate the reliability of the Chinese version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy(CARE)in physician-standardized patient(SP)encounter.We also tried to examine the agreement between video-based ratings and in-room ratings,as well as the agreement between the faculty ratings and SP ratings.Methods The CARE was translated into Chinese.Forty-eight anesthesia residents were recruited to make preoperative interview in SP-counter.Performance of each resident was graded by in-room raters,video raters and SP raters.Consistency between different raters was examined.Results The Chinese-CARE measure demonstrated high scale reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.95 and high consistency in the in-room ratings in intraclass correlation(coefficient=0.888,P<0.001).Despite a good consistency in intraclass correlation,video ratings were significantly higher than in-room ratings(39.6±7.1 vs.24.0±10.0,P<0.001),and Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the pass/fail rate was significantly higher based on video ratings than based on in-room ratings(45/48 vs.22/48,P<0.001).SP ratings had a moderate consistency with in-room faculty ratings(coefficient=0..568,P<0.001),and there was no significant difference between the pass/fail rates based on the in-room ratings and SP ratings(22/48vs.28/48,P=0.12).Conclusions The Chinese-CARE measure is reliable in the assessment of empathy during preoperative anesthesia interview.In-room and video ratings are not equivalent,while SP may provide a feasible alternative for the faculty rater in the assessment of communication skills with an appropriate measure.展开更多
The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important trans-basin diversion project to transfer water from the upstream Yangtze River and its tributaries （water-exporting area）, to the upst...The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important trans-basin diversion project to transfer water from the upstream Yangtze River and its tributaries （water-exporting area）, to the upstream of the Yellow River （water- importing area）. The long-term hydrologieal data from 14 stream gauging stations in the Western Route area and techniques including the pre-whitening approach, non-parametric test, Bayes, law, variance analysis extrapolation, and Wavelet Analysis are applied to identify the streamflow eharacteristics and trends, streamflow time series cross-correlations, wetness-dryness encountering probability, and periodicities that occurred over the last 50 years. The results show that the water-exporting area, water- importing area, and the streteh downstream of the water-exporting have synehronization in high-low flow relationship, whereas they display non- synchronization in long-term evolution. This corresponds to the complicated and variable climate of the plateau region. There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in runoff at any gauging station. The best hydrological eompensation probability for rivers where water is diverted is about 25% to lO%, and those rivers influenced significantly by diversion are the Jinsha and Yalong rivers. Proper planning and design of compensation reservoirs for the water-exporting area and stretch downstream of the water- exporting area can increase the hydrological compensation possibility from water-exporting area to the water-importing area, and reduce the impact on the stretch of river downstream of the water- exporting area.展开更多
Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network ...Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network communication.Opportunistic networks routing algorithms are numerous and can be roughly divided into four categories based on different forwarding strategies.The Prophet routing algorithm is an important routing algorithm in opportunistic networks.It forwards messages based on the encounter probability between nodes,and has good innovation significance and optimization potential.However,the Prophet routing algorithm does not consider the impact of the historical throughput of the node on message transmission,nor does it consider the impact of the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission.Therefore,to improve the transmission efficiency of opportunistic networks,this paper based on the Prophet routing algorithm,fuses the impact of the historical throughput of the node and the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission at the same time,and proposes the Prophet_TD routing algorithm based on the historical throughput and the encounter duration.This paper uses the Opportunistic Networks Environment v1.6.0(the ONE v1.6.0)as the simulation platform,controls the change of running time and the number of nodes respectively,conducts simulation experiments on the Prophet_TD routing algorithm.The simulation results show that compared to the traditional Prophet routing algorithm,on the whole,the Prophet_TD routing algorithm has a higher message delivery rate and a lower network overhead rate,and its average latency is also lower when node density is large.展开更多
This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A...This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A consideration regarding sustainable rainwater resource utilization has been described and the main results are summarized in the paper.展开更多
This paper considers the role of service customers in those service encounters where the customer participates in the service production and delivery process, and the customer factors, motivations and incentive mechan...This paper considers the role of service customers in those service encounters where the customer participates in the service production and delivery process, and the customer factors, motivations and incentive mechanism to participate in service delivery are analyzed. This study explores the relationship between service quality and service customer participation in the service encounter and the effect of customer participation on service providers＇ job stress. Finally, the management implications about customer participation in the service encounter from the findings are discussed.展开更多
Semioethics is the vocation of semiotics,because responsive understanding is the original vocation of the sign,where responding is not limited to the word,or to any type of identification interpretant. Listening is en...Semioethics is the vocation of semiotics,because responsive understanding is the original vocation of the sign,where responding is not limited to the word,or to any type of identification interpretant. Listening is encounter,going towards the other,hospitality,responsiveness not as initiative by the person responding,responsibility without alibis.Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate,beyond immediate semiosis undistinguished from the response to it. Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate.This capacity involves an inescapable responsibility from the human animal towards life over the whole planet.Susan Petrilli’s book begins with a question,in the title of the first chapter,concerning the relation between "Semiosis and Life":What lies in their future? Her response:our present is the future perfect of semiotics.The problem is not simply of the theoretical order,given that semiotics is also implicated as semeiotics,as symtomatology.The relation between semiotics and the question of the health of life at the planetary level is not only of the historical order,ensuing from the connection of semiotics today with medical semeiotics,symptomatology,beginning with Hippocrates and Galen.The human being as a "semiotic animal"is the only animal responsible for semiosis,for life,even more so the professional scholar of signs.展开更多
We experimentally observe the signature of electron emission resulting from a single binary encounter mechanism in the intermediate collision energy regime of 30 keV/u He2＋ on argon. Electron emission spectra in the ...We experimentally observe the signature of electron emission resulting from a single binary encounter mechanism in the intermediate collision energy regime of 30 keV/u He2＋ on argon. Electron emission spectra in the transfer ionization are obtained and compared with classical calculations from a two-step model considering the initial electron velocity and re-scattering of the binary encounter electron in the recoil potential. Although the present reaction is actually a four-body problem, the model starting from a binary encounter gives out surprisingly good agreement with the experimental data. Our studies show that orbital velocities of the electron affect the emission patterns of ionized electrons significantly.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Infections are a common cause of stroke,and tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous causes of central nervous system（CNS）diseases.For example,cerebral infarction is a relatively common and serious CNS disease associated with tuberculosis.
文摘1 On May 19,2025,I had the pleasure of meeting two football players from North Carolina Central University in the Philadelphia airport as we were all headed back to Raleigh,NC.To protect their privacy,I will use only the initials of their first names-L and N.
文摘Effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for therapeutic interactions.It influences trust,patient satisfaction,adherence,and overall health outcomes.Various communication models have been developed over time to guide practice,incorporating fundamental concepts of therapeutic encounters;nevertheless,the majority are not designed for application in both inpatient and outpatient settings.The SAIDAR communication model is suggested to address this disparity.This review integrates elements of an integrative review with a critical review perspective to provide a narrative synthesis of theoretical and applied communication models derived from seminal works in the field of health communication.Using the CINAHL,Scopus,and Web of Science databases without date restrictions,the selected seminal authors were retrieved.Elicit,an artificial intelligence-driven research assistant,and the Google Scholar search engine were utilized together,and citation chaining facilitated the retrieval of relevant studies,which were analyzed using inductive dominant thematic analysis.Thirteen studies beneficial to the review question were included,and six themes were generated.These themes were salutation,assessing the environment,informing and explaining the task,doing,demonstrating,and performing the task;applauding,correcting,and appreciating,and reinforcing knowledge of the receiver of care.The critical analysis of these themes culminated in the formulation of the SAIDAR communication model.The current model integrates a structured communication framework that acknowledges the individuality of man and environmental assessment and demonstrates,appreciates,and reinforces knowledge.This model is an adaptable and acontextual communication tool suitable for various healthcare environments.
文摘1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.
基金financed by the grant from The MUST Faculty Research Grants(FRG-25-031-FC)and Fundação Macao.
文摘In the context of Western medicine,Xin(心heart),Gan(肝liver),Pi(脾spleen),Fei(肺lung),and Shen(肾kidney)are five specific organs,while in ancient Chinese medicine,they are five kinds of Zang Xiang(藏象visceral manifestation),often referred to as Wu Zang(五藏five zang-organs),representing five interrelated structural-functional systems.There are both differences and connections between visceral manifestations and organs,which are reflected in the theories of Wu Zang.The specific connotation of Wu Zang are determined by the specific context in which they are located.With the accumulation of practice,the Wu Zang of the human body structures and functions,as well as the relationship between the Wu Zang have been in constant development and change.The encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in the 19th century dramatically changed the connotation of Wu Zang,from emphasizing visceral manifestations and neglecting substance to an organs-oriented perspective.This article examines how the encounter of Chinese and Western medicine in China influenced Chinese medicine.By analyzing three key aspects:(1)the interpretation of Wu Zang in pre-16th century texts;(2)the evolution and dissemination of Western medicine during the Ming and Qing dynasties;(3)the shifting conceptualization of Wu Zang in late Qing medical literature—the study elucidates the transformative impact of this cross-cultural medical encounter on the theory and practice of Chinese medicine.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1533116, U1633125)Project Foundation of Civil Aircraft for MIIT of China (No. MJ-2016-Y76)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CAUC of China (No. 3122017067)
文摘With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways(CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the simulation and calculation method of flight trajectory is developed,as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method.New methods for departure and go-around procedures are proposed to achieve approximate segregated parallel operation in an attempt to obtain approximately the same results on closely spaced parallel runways as on widely spaced parallel runways. By comparing with the independent parallel departure and segregated parallel operation in ICAO Doc. 9643, it is found that the lateral separation between aircraft in this proposal is not less than the separations in the other two cases. Based on the simulation calculation of flight trajectories under different conditions, the probabilities of collision conflict and encountering wake vortex are lower than those in current operation plan.The proposed plan has no special requirements in pilot operation, control command procedures,airport facilities, or meteorological observation and prediction, so it is convenient to promote and implement at the airports with closely spaced parallel runways.
文摘在Road to Heaven:Encounters with Chinese Hermits一书中,比尔·波特对中华传统文化和中国典籍相关文字的翻译俯拾即是,此外还包含作者对中国隐士文化的看法和评价,是典型的无本译写文本。文章以Road to Heaven:Encounters with Chinese Hermits为研究对象,采用无本译写特有的底本追踪方法,分析书中译的元素、译写关系以及无本译写所展现的中国文化中的隐士精神。首先,本文从中国典籍、民间传说、历史事件、中国传统价值观念、寻访见闻五个方面分析书中译的元素,其次探讨译写关系,最后从三个层面分析该书无本译写展现的隐士精神。研究发现:译写关系具体表现为互释互构、互相拓展的渐变连续体关系;比尔·波特对中国文化存在误读、翻译不准确、对某一特定文化的了解不全面等现象。
基金the Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project from Peking Union Medical College(Grant number:2017zlgc0102).
文摘Objectives To validate the reliability of the Chinese version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy(CARE)in physician-standardized patient(SP)encounter.We also tried to examine the agreement between video-based ratings and in-room ratings,as well as the agreement between the faculty ratings and SP ratings.Methods The CARE was translated into Chinese.Forty-eight anesthesia residents were recruited to make preoperative interview in SP-counter.Performance of each resident was graded by in-room raters,video raters and SP raters.Consistency between different raters was examined.Results The Chinese-CARE measure demonstrated high scale reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.95 and high consistency in the in-room ratings in intraclass correlation(coefficient=0.888,P<0.001).Despite a good consistency in intraclass correlation,video ratings were significantly higher than in-room ratings(39.6±7.1 vs.24.0±10.0,P<0.001),and Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the pass/fail rate was significantly higher based on video ratings than based on in-room ratings(45/48 vs.22/48,P<0.001).SP ratings had a moderate consistency with in-room faculty ratings(coefficient=0..568,P<0.001),and there was no significant difference between the pass/fail rates based on the in-room ratings and SP ratings(22/48vs.28/48,P=0.12).Conclusions The Chinese-CARE measure is reliable in the assessment of empathy during preoperative anesthesia interview.In-room and video ratings are not equivalent,while SP may provide a feasible alternative for the faculty rater in the assessment of communication skills with an appropriate measure.
基金supported by the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System,the Bureau of Hydrology,and Water Resources of Sichuan Province,China
文摘The Western Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important trans-basin diversion project to transfer water from the upstream Yangtze River and its tributaries （water-exporting area）, to the upstream of the Yellow River （water- importing area）. The long-term hydrologieal data from 14 stream gauging stations in the Western Route area and techniques including the pre-whitening approach, non-parametric test, Bayes, law, variance analysis extrapolation, and Wavelet Analysis are applied to identify the streamflow eharacteristics and trends, streamflow time series cross-correlations, wetness-dryness encountering probability, and periodicities that occurred over the last 50 years. The results show that the water-exporting area, water- importing area, and the streteh downstream of the water-exporting have synehronization in high-low flow relationship, whereas they display non- synchronization in long-term evolution. This corresponds to the complicated and variable climate of the plateau region. There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in runoff at any gauging station. The best hydrological eompensation probability for rivers where water is diverted is about 25% to lO%, and those rivers influenced significantly by diversion are the Jinsha and Yalong rivers. Proper planning and design of compensation reservoirs for the water-exporting area and stretch downstream of the water- exporting area can increase the hydrological compensation possibility from water-exporting area to the water-importing area, and reduce the impact on the stretch of river downstream of the water- exporting area.
基金The authors wish to thank the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61841109,61662054Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia under Grand No.2019MS06031.
文摘Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network communication.Opportunistic networks routing algorithms are numerous and can be roughly divided into four categories based on different forwarding strategies.The Prophet routing algorithm is an important routing algorithm in opportunistic networks.It forwards messages based on the encounter probability between nodes,and has good innovation significance and optimization potential.However,the Prophet routing algorithm does not consider the impact of the historical throughput of the node on message transmission,nor does it consider the impact of the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission.Therefore,to improve the transmission efficiency of opportunistic networks,this paper based on the Prophet routing algorithm,fuses the impact of the historical throughput of the node and the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission at the same time,and proposes the Prophet_TD routing algorithm based on the historical throughput and the encounter duration.This paper uses the Opportunistic Networks Environment v1.6.0(the ONE v1.6.0)as the simulation platform,controls the change of running time and the number of nodes respectively,conducts simulation experiments on the Prophet_TD routing algorithm.The simulation results show that compared to the traditional Prophet routing algorithm,on the whole,the Prophet_TD routing algorithm has a higher message delivery rate and a lower network overhead rate,and its average latency is also lower when node density is large.
文摘This paper mainly investigated the value of the rainwater by introducing a “Logic of Encounter” that is a new logic beyond the logos and lemma through the metaphors which compare the real rainwater to one’s life. A consideration regarding sustainable rainwater resource utilization has been described and the main results are summarized in the paper.
基金This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 73002001）.
文摘This paper considers the role of service customers in those service encounters where the customer participates in the service production and delivery process, and the customer factors, motivations and incentive mechanism to participate in service delivery are analyzed. This study explores the relationship between service quality and service customer participation in the service encounter and the effect of customer participation on service providers＇ job stress. Finally, the management implications about customer participation in the service encounter from the findings are discussed.
文摘Semioethics is the vocation of semiotics,because responsive understanding is the original vocation of the sign,where responding is not limited to the word,or to any type of identification interpretant. Listening is encounter,going towards the other,hospitality,responsiveness not as initiative by the person responding,responsibility without alibis.Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate,beyond immediate semiosis undistinguished from the response to it. Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate.This capacity involves an inescapable responsibility from the human animal towards life over the whole planet.Susan Petrilli’s book begins with a question,in the title of the first chapter,concerning the relation between "Semiosis and Life":What lies in their future? Her response:our present is the future perfect of semiotics.The problem is not simply of the theoretical order,given that semiotics is also implicated as semeiotics,as symtomatology.The relation between semiotics and the question of the health of life at the planetary level is not only of the historical order,ensuing from the connection of semiotics today with medical semeiotics,symptomatology,beginning with Hippocrates and Galen.The human being as a "semiotic animal"is the only animal responsible for semiosis,for life,even more so the professional scholar of signs.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos U1332128 and 11274317,10979007 and 11004202the Program of One Hundred Talents of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We experimentally observe the signature of electron emission resulting from a single binary encounter mechanism in the intermediate collision energy regime of 30 keV/u He2＋ on argon. Electron emission spectra in the transfer ionization are obtained and compared with classical calculations from a two-step model considering the initial electron velocity and re-scattering of the binary encounter electron in the recoil potential. Although the present reaction is actually a four-body problem, the model starting from a binary encounter gives out surprisingly good agreement with the experimental data. Our studies show that orbital velocities of the electron affect the emission patterns of ionized electrons significantly.
