Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but a...Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especial...Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especially continuous wave(CW)THz near-field scanning microscopy(THz-SNOM)with its nanoscale reso⁃lution,can be promising in biomedical imaging.In addition,compared with traditional THz time-domain spec⁃troscopy(TDS),portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR,lower cost,and can ob⁃tain more precise imaging.In this study,we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale.We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens,mainly due to the decrease in permittivity.This new approach offers valuable insights into the micro⁃scopic processes of enamel demineralization,laying the foundation for further research and treatment.展开更多
Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can osc...Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli.Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown.Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms.Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts,which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis.This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis.Several physiological processes are involved,including gene expression,cell morphology,metabolic changes,matrix deposition,ion transportation,and mineralization.Next,the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed.Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia,which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta.Finally,future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated.It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities.展开更多
Neurite outgrowth inhibitor A(Nogo-A)is a major player in neural development and regeneration and the target of clinical trials aiming at promoting the regeneration of the central nervous system upon traumatic and isc...Neurite outgrowth inhibitor A(Nogo-A)is a major player in neural development and regeneration and the target of clinical trials aiming at promoting the regeneration of the central nervous system upon traumatic and ischemic injury.In this work,we investigated the functions of Nogo-A during tooth development to determine its role in dental physiology and pathology.Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques,we showed that Nogo-A is highly expressed in the developing mouse teeth and,most specifically,in the ameloblasts that are responsible for the formation of enamel.Using both Nogo-A knockout and K14-Cre;Nogo-A fl/fltransgenic mice,we showed that Nogo-A deletion in the dental epithelium leads to the formation of defective enamel.This phenotype is associated with overexpression of a set of specific genes involved in ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix production,such as amelogenin,ameloblastin and enamelin.By characterising the interactome of Nogo-A in the dental epithelium of wild-type and mutant animals,we found that Nogo-A directly interacts with molecules important for regulating gene expression,and its deletion disturbs their cellular localisation.Furthermore,we demonstrated that inhibition of the intracellular,but not cell-surface,Nogo-A is responsible for gene expression modulation in ameloblasts.Taken together,these results reveal an unexpected function for Nogo-A in tooth enamel formation by regulating gene expression and cytodifferentiation events.展开更多
Taking the wireless enamel(wireless enamel refers to make enamel works without filigree)production technique in jewelry practice course as the research object,combined with years of enamel teaching experience in the G...Taking the wireless enamel(wireless enamel refers to make enamel works without filigree)production technique in jewelry practice course as the research object,combined with years of enamel teaching experience in the Gemmological Institute of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),this study expounds the theoretical class,design preparation,creative idea and technique practice application from the course teaching objectives and the implementation,which also emphasizes the practical improvability of students’design practice ability and innovative thinking ability.During the period,it focuses on the core processes,such as wireless enamel glaze method,object correction,firing time,composite application and system integration,to help students solve the key and difficult problems in the wireless enamel firing process.展开更多
基金funded with National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2405904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11932012,and 32171348).
文摘Enamel demineralization,the formation of white spot lesions,is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment.The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment.The prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties.This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment,advocating for proactive prevention,early detection,timely treatment,scientific follow-up,and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process,thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61988102,62401113,92463308)。
文摘Enamel demineralization often occurs in the early stage of dental caries.Studying the microscopic mechanism of enamel demineralization is essential to prevent and treat dental caries.Terahertz(THz)technolo⁃gy,especially continuous wave(CW)THz near-field scanning microscopy(THz-SNOM)with its nanoscale reso⁃lution,can be promising in biomedical imaging.In addition,compared with traditional THz time-domain spec⁃troscopy(TDS),portable solid-state source as the emission has higher power and SNR,lower cost,and can ob⁃tain more precise imaging.In this study,we employ CW THz-SNOM to further break the resolution limitations of conventional THz imaging techniques and successfully achieve the near-field imaging of demineralized enamel at the nanoscale.We keenly observe that the near-field signal of the enamel significantly lowers as demineralization deepens,mainly due to the decrease in permittivity.This new approach offers valuable insights into the micro⁃scopic processes of enamel demineralization,laying the foundation for further research and treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2401803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973004)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730116)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for YoungScholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation(BMU2023YFJHPY012).
文摘Circadian rhythms are self-sustaining oscillations within biological systems that play key roles in a diverse multitude of physiological processes.The circadian clock mechanisms in brain and peripheral tissues can oscillate independently or be synchronized/disrupted by external stimuli.Dental enamel is a type of mineralized tissue that forms the exterior surface of the tooth crown.Incremental Retzius lines are readily observable microstructures of mature tooth enamel that indicate the regulation of amelogenesis by circadian rhythms.Teeth enamel is formed by enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts,which are regulated and orchestrated by the circadian clock during amelogenesis.This review will first examine the key roles of the circadian clock in regulating ameloblasts and amelogenesis.Several physiological processes are involved,including gene expression,cell morphology,metabolic changes,matrix deposition,ion transportation,and mineralization.Next,the potential detrimental effects of circadian rhythm disruption on enamel formation are discussed.Circadian rhythm disruption can directly lead to Enamel Hypoplasia,which might also be a potential causative mechanism of amelogenesis imperfecta.Finally,future research trajectory in this field is extrapolated.It is hoped that this review will inspire more intensive research efforts and provide relevant cues in formulating novel therapeutic strategies for preventing tooth enamel developmental abnormalities.
基金supported by institutional funds from the University of Zurich(T.A.M)and from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(C.C.)by additional competitive funds from the Swiss National Science Foundation(SNSF+2 种基金research grant 31003A_179389)(T.A.M.)from the Swiss Dental Association(SSOresearch grant 313-19)(T.A.M.,P.P.)。
文摘Neurite outgrowth inhibitor A(Nogo-A)is a major player in neural development and regeneration and the target of clinical trials aiming at promoting the regeneration of the central nervous system upon traumatic and ischemic injury.In this work,we investigated the functions of Nogo-A during tooth development to determine its role in dental physiology and pathology.Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques,we showed that Nogo-A is highly expressed in the developing mouse teeth and,most specifically,in the ameloblasts that are responsible for the formation of enamel.Using both Nogo-A knockout and K14-Cre;Nogo-A fl/fltransgenic mice,we showed that Nogo-A deletion in the dental epithelium leads to the formation of defective enamel.This phenotype is associated with overexpression of a set of specific genes involved in ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix production,such as amelogenin,ameloblastin and enamelin.By characterising the interactome of Nogo-A in the dental epithelium of wild-type and mutant animals,we found that Nogo-A directly interacts with molecules important for regulating gene expression,and its deletion disturbs their cellular localisation.Furthermore,we demonstrated that inhibition of the intracellular,but not cell-surface,Nogo-A is responsible for gene expression modulation in ameloblasts.Taken together,these results reveal an unexpected function for Nogo-A in tooth enamel formation by regulating gene expression and cytodifferentiation events.
基金This paper is the phased results of the following projects,an undergraduate teaching reform research project of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)General Teaching reform project(Project No.2021A36)the Key Project of Hubei Provincial Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences(Project No.CJHIXM-02-202101)the Central University New Youth Research Foundation Project(Project No.G1323522065).
文摘Taking the wireless enamel(wireless enamel refers to make enamel works without filigree)production technique in jewelry practice course as the research object,combined with years of enamel teaching experience in the Gemmological Institute of China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),this study expounds the theoretical class,design preparation,creative idea and technique practice application from the course teaching objectives and the implementation,which also emphasizes the practical improvability of students’design practice ability and innovative thinking ability.During the period,it focuses on the core processes,such as wireless enamel glaze method,object correction,firing time,composite application and system integration,to help students solve the key and difficult problems in the wireless enamel firing process.
