1.Data security in smart manufacturing The global manufacturing sector is undergoing a digital transformation as traditional systems-reliant on physical assets such as raw materials and labor-struggle to meet demands ...1.Data security in smart manufacturing The global manufacturing sector is undergoing a digital transformation as traditional systems-reliant on physical assets such as raw materials and labor-struggle to meet demands for greater flexibility and efficiency.The integration of advanced information technology facilitates smart manufacturing(SM),which optimizes production,management,and supply chains[1].展开更多
Detection of local strain at the nanometer scale with high sensitivity remains challenging.Here we report near-field infrared nano-imaging of local strains in bilayer graphene by probing strain-induced shifts of phono...Detection of local strain at the nanometer scale with high sensitivity remains challenging.Here we report near-field infrared nano-imaging of local strains in bilayer graphene by probing strain-induced shifts of phonon frequency.As a non-polar crystal,intrinsic bilayer graphene possesses little infrared response at its transverse optical phonon frequency.The reported optical detection of local strain is enabled by applying a vertical electrical field that breaks the symmetry of the two graphene layers and introduces finite electrical dipole moment to graphene phonon.The activated phonon further interacts with continuum electronic transitions,and generates a strong Fano resonance.The resulted Fano resonance features a very sharp near-field infrared scattering peak,which leads to an extraordinary sensitivity of-0.002%for the strain detection.Our results demonstrate the first nano-scale near-field Fano resonance,provide a new way to probe local strains with high sensitivity in non-polar crystals,and open exciting possibilities for studying strain-induced rich phenomena.展开更多
The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to im...The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.展开更多
Softswitch technology integrates the su-periorities of both an intelligence net-work and the Internet, which embodiesits maturity and advancement. With ahierarchical network model, it effectivelysolves problems of evo...Softswitch technology integrates the su-periorities of both an intelligence net-work and the Internet, which embodiesits maturity and advancement. With ahierarchical network model, it effectivelysolves problems of evolution and convergenceof current communication networks. It also fol-展开更多
Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for mankind.Freestanding nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive prop...Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for mankind.Freestanding nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive properties for sensor and other applications. Protocols for 3-D self-assembly that can be scaled up for mass production on a large up to tonnage)scale, while preserving morphological features on a small (down to nanometer)scale,are needed to allow for widespread use of 3-D nanostructures in advanced devices.However,these often conflicting requirements of scalability and precision pose a difficult challenge for synthetic (man-made)processing routes.展开更多
Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications,time-frequency metrology,precise ranging,and sensing.Among various generation schemes,resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for ...Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications,time-frequency metrology,precise ranging,and sensing.Among various generation schemes,resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for their excellent stability,flexibility,and broad bandwidths.In this approach,an optical pump undergoes multiple electro-optic modulation processes in a high-Q optical resonator,resulting in cascaded spectral sidebands.However,most resonant electro-optic combs to date make use of lumped-capacitor electrodes with relatively inefficient utilization of the input electrical power.This design also reflects most electrical power back to the driving circuits and necessitates costly radio-frequency(RF)isolators in between,presenting substantial challenges in practical applications.To address these issues,we present an RF circuit friendly electro-optic frequency comb generator incorporated with on-chip coplanar microwave resonator electrodes,based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform.Our design achieves more than three times electrical power reduction with minimal reflection at the designed comb repetition rate of~25 GHz.We experimentally demonstrate broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation with a comb span of>85 nm at a moderate electrical driving power of740 m W(28.7 d Bm).Our power-efficient and isolator-free electro-optic comb source could offer a compact,low-cost,and simple-to-design solution for applications in spectroscopy,high-precise metrology,and optical communications.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D) display technology—a cutting-edge medium for human-machine interaction—enhances visual information density via image dimensional expansion and reduces the cognitive load to improve the efficien...Three-dimensional(3D) display technology—a cutting-edge medium for human-machine interaction—enhances visual information density via image dimensional expansion and reduces the cognitive load to improve the efficiency of information exchange [1–3].展开更多
Due to the special structural feature and versatile reactivity towards various types of transformations,alkynes have inspired continuous research interest for their generation,incorporation and application in organic ...Due to the special structural feature and versatile reactivity towards various types of transformations,alkynes have inspired continuous research interest for their generation,incorporation and application in organic synthesis,chemical biology and material science[1].Notably,since its invention in 1975,the Sonogashira reaction,which efficiently couples aryl halides with aryl or vinyl terminal alkynes via Pd(0)/Cu(I)synergistic catalysis.展开更多
The advent of low loss optical fiber has consistently led us to the ultra-broadband era, where bandwidths exceeding 1 Gb/s are commonplace. This Review reviews the early history of fiber access, pointing out some of t...The advent of low loss optical fiber has consistently led us to the ultra-broadband era, where bandwidths exceeding 1 Gb/s are commonplace. This Review reviews the early history of fiber access, pointing out some of the lasting design choices and signature features of fiber access. The progress of the various passive optical network technologies is also reviewed, and some views regarding the future trends of fiber in the access.展开更多
Electrochromic displays have been the subject of extensive research as a promising colour display technology.The current state-of-the-art inorganic multicolour electrochromic displays utilize nanocavity structures tha...Electrochromic displays have been the subject of extensive research as a promising colour display technology.The current state-of-the-art inorganic multicolour electrochromic displays utilize nanocavity structures that sacrifice transparency and thus limit their diverse applications.Herein,we demonstrate a transparent inorganic multicolour display platform based on Zn-based electrochromic devices.These devices enable independent operation of top and bottom electrochromic electrodes,thus providing additional configuration flexibility of the devices through the utilization of dual electrochromic layers under the same or different colour states.Zn-sodium vanadium oxide(Zn-SVO)electrochromic displays were assembled by sandwiching Zn between two SVO electrodes,and they could be reversibly switched between multiple colours(orange,amber,yellow,brown,chartreuse and green)while preserving a high optical transparency.These Zn-SVO electrochromic displays represent the most colourful transparent inorganic-based electrochromic displays to date.In addition,the Zn-SVO electrochromic displays possess an open-circuit potential(OCP)of 1.56 V,which enables a self-colouration behaviour and compelling energy retrieval functionality.This study presents a new concept integrating high transparency and high energy efficiency for inorganic multicolour displays.展开更多
How small and medium-sized(SMS)rural banks,as the main banks offering rural financial services,serve all-round rural revitalization is a vital realistic and policy issue for the time being.Now,SMS rural banks are conf...How small and medium-sized(SMS)rural banks,as the main banks offering rural financial services,serve all-round rural revitalization is a vital realistic and policy issue for the time being.Now,SMS rural banks are confronted with many shortcomings in serving rural revitalization due to dull financial service supply chain circulation and lack of coordination with the rural industry supply chain.The research based on survey data and typical cases shows that the key to solving these problems is to realize a double chain linkage of the financial service supply chain and the rural industry supply chain:The financial service supply chain and the rural industry supply chain should make use of their common infrastructure,share the digital technology capacity and data handling capacity and promote the linkage of customers,channels and scenarios in all links of the two supply chains in a bid to realize mutual promotion and improve the quality and efficiency of the two chains and hence fuel the all-round rural revitalization through industrial revitalization.Double chain linkage can be achieved through five major effective means:in terms of data,collaborating with digital rural governance and strengthening data collection and utilization;in terms of industry,collaborating with core entity enterprises and strengthening the supply chain financial service capacity;in terms of ecology,collaborating with internet technology companies and enhancing ecological,scenario and technological enabling;in terms of channels,collaborating with rural service and focusing on channel linkage,offline network,mobile services and village financial officers,etc.;and in terms of cooperation,constructing the common infrastructure of SMS rural banks and boosting the efficiency of digital enabling innovation.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as emerging semiconductors because of their excellent optical and electronic properties,low cost,and facile processing,which enable their application...CONSPECTUS:Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as emerging semiconductors because of their excellent optical and electronic properties,low cost,and facile processing,which enable their applications in high-efficiency energyconversion technologies.Besides photovoltaics,perovskites have been employed as active materials in a myriad of optoelectronic applications,including photodetectors,light-emitting diodes,and lasers.Recently,these materials have also been deemed to be promising candidates for multiple-function electronic applications owing to their unique combinations of merits,particularly ambipolar characteristics,high carrier mobilities,and high electroluminescence efficiencies.Notably,this burgeoning research field beyond the energy and optoelectronic domains has attracted a lot of interest and involves halide perovskites with a wide range of structures and dimensions.However,the low stability and ion-migration issues of these materials are still major challenges that need to be addressed to realize further improvements and potential commercialization.The research findings provide new insights for not only designing innovative electronics with optimal device performance but also for advancing energy-related and optoelectronic device physics.In this Account,we introduce recent advances regarding transistors based on a rich variety of halide perovskites,with an emphasis on strategies for improving device performance,and present our perspective on the opportunities associated with this emerging family of semiconducting materials.We first highlight the advantageous charge-transport characteristics of halide perovskites that make them suitable for transistor applications,along with a brief introduction of their extraordinary physical features.Thereafter,the experimental advances that have been made toward transistor applications containing various perovskites and the crucial challenges for developing high-performance devices are presented in detail.Finally,we propose strategies for overcoming the remaining challenges and developing the practically scalable perovskite transistors that are critical for competing with or complementing the established technologies.We anticipate that this Account will deepen the understanding of the properties of perovskites and the operation mechanisms of relevant transistors,and the insights will guide the future design of new electronic devices with markedly enhanced performance.展开更多
In the modern era of Big Data,there is always an exponential growth in the amount of data generated and stored in various fields like education,energy,environment,healthcare,fraud,detection,and traffic.At the same tim...In the modern era of Big Data,there is always an exponential growth in the amount of data generated and stored in various fields like education,energy,environment,healthcare,fraud,detection,and traffic.At the same time,there is a significant paradigm shift in business and society across the world due to huge growth in various fields like artificial intelligence,machine learning,deep learning and data analytics.This poses significant challenges for decision-making and creates a potential transformation in the economy,government,and industries.Artificial Intelligence tools,techniques,technologies and big data improve the predictive power of the systems created,which enables the government,public and private sectors to discover new patterns and trends.展开更多
High-dimensional(HD)entanglement of photonic orbital angular momentum(OAM)is pivotal for advancing quantum communication and information processing,but its characterization remains significant challenges due to the co...High-dimensional(HD)entanglement of photonic orbital angular momentum(OAM)is pivotal for advancing quantum communication and information processing,but its characterization remains significant challenges due to the complexity of quantum state tomography and experimental limitations such as low photon counts caused by losses.Here,we propose a pre-trained physics-informed neural network(PTPINN)framework that enables efficient and rapid reconstruction of HD-OAM entangled states under low photon counts.Experimental results show that the fidelity of five-dimensional OAM entanglement reaches F=0.958±0.010 even with an exposure time as short as 50 ms.This highlights the capability of PTPINN to achieve high-precision quantum state reconstruction with limited photons,owing to its innovative designs,thus overcoming the reliance on high photon counts typical of traditional methods.Our method provides a practical and scalable solution for high-fidelity characterization of HD-OAM entanglement in environments with low photon numbers and high noise,paving the way for robust long-distance quantum information transmission.展开更多
This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement ...This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement of intelligent emergency,further improving the effectiveness of intelligent emergency management.First,approximately 3,900 documents from the intelligent emergency field are analyzed to determine the future research trend in intelligent emergency management.The socio-technical theory concerning technical and social systems is introduced.The emergency management system concepts of“technology enabling”and“enabling value creation”are defined according to bibliometric analysis and socio-technical theory.Second,a research framework that includes technology enabling and enabling value creation for the decision-making paradigm in emergency management according to the big data environment is constructed.A detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation in emergency management is proposed.Finally,earthquake disasters are taken as examples,and specific analyses of the intelligent emergency enabling and enabling value creation are explored;enabling value creation is discussed based on measurable indicators.The clear concept of emergency management system technology enabling and enabling value creation,as well as the detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation,provide a theoretical bases for scholars and practitioners to evaluate the value(performance)of intelligent emergency for the first time.展开更多
Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain compl...Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).展开更多
Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the pr...Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.展开更多
Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumer...Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumers,thanks to their proficiency in multiple languages.The impressive efficiency of these digital avatars is made possible by the colossal computing power that enables them to perform their functions.“This year,the storage requirements of the digital avatars have increased significantly,by approximately 500 times compared to last year.The current local storage capacity is no longer sufficient.”展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293511 and 62402256)in part by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(ZR2024MF100)+1 种基金in part by the Taishan Scholars Program(tsqn202408239)in part by the Open Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,Zhejiang University,China(ICT2025B13).
文摘1.Data security in smart manufacturing The global manufacturing sector is undergoing a digital transformation as traditional systems-reliant on physical assets such as raw materials and labor-struggle to meet demands for greater flexibility and efficiency.The integration of advanced information technology facilitates smart manufacturing(SM),which optimizes production,management,and supply chains[1].
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2016YFA0302001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11774224,12074244,11521404,and 61701394)+1 种基金support from the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningadditional support from a Shanghai talent program。
文摘Detection of local strain at the nanometer scale with high sensitivity remains challenging.Here we report near-field infrared nano-imaging of local strains in bilayer graphene by probing strain-induced shifts of phonon frequency.As a non-polar crystal,intrinsic bilayer graphene possesses little infrared response at its transverse optical phonon frequency.The reported optical detection of local strain is enabled by applying a vertical electrical field that breaks the symmetry of the two graphene layers and introduces finite electrical dipole moment to graphene phonon.The activated phonon further interacts with continuum electronic transitions,and generates a strong Fano resonance.The resulted Fano resonance features a very sharp near-field infrared scattering peak,which leads to an extraordinary sensitivity of-0.002%for the strain detection.Our results demonstrate the first nano-scale near-field Fano resonance,provide a new way to probe local strains with high sensitivity in non-polar crystals,and open exciting possibilities for studying strain-induced rich phenomena.
文摘The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.
文摘Softswitch technology integrates the su-periorities of both an intelligence net-work and the Internet, which embodiesits maturity and advancement. With ahierarchical network model, it effectivelysolves problems of evolution and convergenceof current communication networks. It also fol-
文摘Three-dimensional (3-D)self-assembly of nanos- tructures and nanodevices on a large scale remains a grand quest for mankind.Freestanding nanostructured assemblies with controlled 3-D shapes can exhibit attractive properties for sensor and other applications. Protocols for 3-D self-assembly that can be scaled up for mass production on a large up to tonnage)scale, while preserving morphological features on a small (down to nanometer)scale,are needed to allow for widespread use of 3-D nanostructures in advanced devices.However,these often conflicting requirements of scalability and precision pose a difficult challenge for synthetic (man-made)processing routes.
基金Research Grants Council,University Grants Committee(CityU 11212721,CityU 11204022,N_City U113/20)Croucher Foundation(9509005)City University of Hong Kong(9610682)。
文摘Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications,time-frequency metrology,precise ranging,and sensing.Among various generation schemes,resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for their excellent stability,flexibility,and broad bandwidths.In this approach,an optical pump undergoes multiple electro-optic modulation processes in a high-Q optical resonator,resulting in cascaded spectral sidebands.However,most resonant electro-optic combs to date make use of lumped-capacitor electrodes with relatively inefficient utilization of the input electrical power.This design also reflects most electrical power back to the driving circuits and necessitates costly radio-frequency(RF)isolators in between,presenting substantial challenges in practical applications.To address these issues,we present an RF circuit friendly electro-optic frequency comb generator incorporated with on-chip coplanar microwave resonator electrodes,based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform.Our design achieves more than three times electrical power reduction with minimal reflection at the designed comb repetition rate of~25 GHz.We experimentally demonstrate broadband electro-optic frequency comb generation with a comb span of>85 nm at a moderate electrical driving power of740 m W(28.7 d Bm).Our power-efficient and isolator-free electro-optic comb source could offer a compact,low-cost,and simple-to-design solution for applications in spectroscopy,high-precise metrology,and optical communications.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D) display technology—a cutting-edge medium for human-machine interaction—enhances visual information density via image dimensional expansion and reduces the cognitive load to improve the efficiency of information exchange [1–3].
文摘Due to the special structural feature and versatile reactivity towards various types of transformations,alkynes have inspired continuous research interest for their generation,incorporation and application in organic synthesis,chemical biology and material science[1].Notably,since its invention in 1975,the Sonogashira reaction,which efficiently couples aryl halides with aryl or vinyl terminal alkynes via Pd(0)/Cu(I)synergistic catalysis.
文摘The advent of low loss optical fiber has consistently led us to the ultra-broadband era, where bandwidths exceeding 1 Gb/s are commonplace. This Review reviews the early history of fiber access, pointing out some of the lasting design choices and signature features of fiber access. The progress of the various passive optical network technologies is also reviewed, and some views regarding the future trends of fiber in the access.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant File No.CRDPJ 509210-17).
文摘Electrochromic displays have been the subject of extensive research as a promising colour display technology.The current state-of-the-art inorganic multicolour electrochromic displays utilize nanocavity structures that sacrifice transparency and thus limit their diverse applications.Herein,we demonstrate a transparent inorganic multicolour display platform based on Zn-based electrochromic devices.These devices enable independent operation of top and bottom electrochromic electrodes,thus providing additional configuration flexibility of the devices through the utilization of dual electrochromic layers under the same or different colour states.Zn-sodium vanadium oxide(Zn-SVO)electrochromic displays were assembled by sandwiching Zn between two SVO electrodes,and they could be reversibly switched between multiple colours(orange,amber,yellow,brown,chartreuse and green)while preserving a high optical transparency.These Zn-SVO electrochromic displays represent the most colourful transparent inorganic-based electrochromic displays to date.In addition,the Zn-SVO electrochromic displays possess an open-circuit potential(OCP)of 1.56 V,which enables a self-colouration behaviour and compelling energy retrieval functionality.This study presents a new concept integrating high transparency and high energy efficiency for inorganic multicolour displays.
基金The paper is a research result of the key project“Research on Rural Revitalization Enabled by Digital Transformation of Small and Medium-sized Rural Banks”granted by the China Agricultural Finance 30 People Forum in 2021.
文摘How small and medium-sized(SMS)rural banks,as the main banks offering rural financial services,serve all-round rural revitalization is a vital realistic and policy issue for the time being.Now,SMS rural banks are confronted with many shortcomings in serving rural revitalization due to dull financial service supply chain circulation and lack of coordination with the rural industry supply chain.The research based on survey data and typical cases shows that the key to solving these problems is to realize a double chain linkage of the financial service supply chain and the rural industry supply chain:The financial service supply chain and the rural industry supply chain should make use of their common infrastructure,share the digital technology capacity and data handling capacity and promote the linkage of customers,channels and scenarios in all links of the two supply chains in a bid to realize mutual promotion and improve the quality and efficiency of the two chains and hence fuel the all-round rural revitalization through industrial revitalization.Double chain linkage can be achieved through five major effective means:in terms of data,collaborating with digital rural governance and strengthening data collection and utilization;in terms of industry,collaborating with core entity enterprises and strengthening the supply chain financial service capacity;in terms of ecology,collaborating with internet technology companies and enhancing ecological,scenario and technological enabling;in terms of channels,collaborating with rural service and focusing on channel linkage,offline network,mobile services and village financial officers,etc.;and in terms of cooperation,constructing the common infrastructure of SMS rural banks and boosting the efficiency of digital enabling innovation.
基金F.L.acknowledges financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA,DE180100167)W.Y.acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC61774155)This work was also supported by the ARC Discovery Project(DP190103316).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as emerging semiconductors because of their excellent optical and electronic properties,low cost,and facile processing,which enable their applications in high-efficiency energyconversion technologies.Besides photovoltaics,perovskites have been employed as active materials in a myriad of optoelectronic applications,including photodetectors,light-emitting diodes,and lasers.Recently,these materials have also been deemed to be promising candidates for multiple-function electronic applications owing to their unique combinations of merits,particularly ambipolar characteristics,high carrier mobilities,and high electroluminescence efficiencies.Notably,this burgeoning research field beyond the energy and optoelectronic domains has attracted a lot of interest and involves halide perovskites with a wide range of structures and dimensions.However,the low stability and ion-migration issues of these materials are still major challenges that need to be addressed to realize further improvements and potential commercialization.The research findings provide new insights for not only designing innovative electronics with optimal device performance but also for advancing energy-related and optoelectronic device physics.In this Account,we introduce recent advances regarding transistors based on a rich variety of halide perovskites,with an emphasis on strategies for improving device performance,and present our perspective on the opportunities associated with this emerging family of semiconducting materials.We first highlight the advantageous charge-transport characteristics of halide perovskites that make them suitable for transistor applications,along with a brief introduction of their extraordinary physical features.Thereafter,the experimental advances that have been made toward transistor applications containing various perovskites and the crucial challenges for developing high-performance devices are presented in detail.Finally,we propose strategies for overcoming the remaining challenges and developing the practically scalable perovskite transistors that are critical for competing with or complementing the established technologies.We anticipate that this Account will deepen the understanding of the properties of perovskites and the operation mechanisms of relevant transistors,and the insights will guide the future design of new electronic devices with markedly enhanced performance.
文摘In the modern era of Big Data,there is always an exponential growth in the amount of data generated and stored in various fields like education,energy,environment,healthcare,fraud,detection,and traffic.At the same time,there is a significant paradigm shift in business and society across the world due to huge growth in various fields like artificial intelligence,machine learning,deep learning and data analytics.This poses significant challenges for decision-making and creates a potential transformation in the economy,government,and industries.Artificial Intelligence tools,techniques,technologies and big data improve the predictive power of the systems created,which enables the government,public and private sectors to discover new patterns and trends.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12234009,12474328,12074196,11922406,and 12074197)。
文摘High-dimensional(HD)entanglement of photonic orbital angular momentum(OAM)is pivotal for advancing quantum communication and information processing,but its characterization remains significant challenges due to the complexity of quantum state tomography and experimental limitations such as low photon counts caused by losses.Here,we propose a pre-trained physics-informed neural network(PTPINN)framework that enables efficient and rapid reconstruction of HD-OAM entangled states under low photon counts.Experimental results show that the fidelity of five-dimensional OAM entanglement reaches F=0.958±0.010 even with an exposure time as short as 50 ms.This highlights the capability of PTPINN to achieve high-precision quantum state reconstruction with limited photons,owing to its innovative designs,thus overcoming the reliance on high photon counts typical of traditional methods.Our method provides a practical and scalable solution for high-fidelity characterization of HD-OAM entanglement in environments with low photon numbers and high noise,paving the way for robust long-distance quantum information transmission.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71771061).
文摘This study investigated the application and the application value of intelligent emergency in emergency management in the big data environment.It addresses the neglect of the application value(performance)measurement of intelligent emergency,further improving the effectiveness of intelligent emergency management.First,approximately 3,900 documents from the intelligent emergency field are analyzed to determine the future research trend in intelligent emergency management.The socio-technical theory concerning technical and social systems is introduced.The emergency management system concepts of“technology enabling”and“enabling value creation”are defined according to bibliometric analysis and socio-technical theory.Second,a research framework that includes technology enabling and enabling value creation for the decision-making paradigm in emergency management according to the big data environment is constructed.A detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation in emergency management is proposed.Finally,earthquake disasters are taken as examples,and specific analyses of the intelligent emergency enabling and enabling value creation are explored;enabling value creation is discussed based on measurable indicators.The clear concept of emergency management system technology enabling and enabling value creation,as well as the detailed analysis approach from intelligent emergency technology enabling to enabling value creation,provide a theoretical bases for scholars and practitioners to evaluate the value(performance)of intelligent emergency for the first time.
基金funded by the Israel Science Foundation(grants No.1036/12 and 1228/20)(to OES).
文摘Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62276089。
文摘Artificial neural networks are capable of machine learning by simulating the hiera rchical structure of the human brain.To enable learning by brain and machine,it is essential to accurately identify and correct the prediction errors,referred to as credit assignment(Lillicrap et al.,2020).It is critical to develop artificial intelligence by understanding how the brain deals with credit assignment in neuroscience.
文摘Digital avatars have become a standard feature on e-commerce platforms.As virtual hosts,they emulate human behavior,broadcast live programs without interruption,and present“Made in China”products to foreign consumers,thanks to their proficiency in multiple languages.The impressive efficiency of these digital avatars is made possible by the colossal computing power that enables them to perform their functions.“This year,the storage requirements of the digital avatars have increased significantly,by approximately 500 times compared to last year.The current local storage capacity is no longer sufficient.”
