The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are...The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.展开更多
The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs b...The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.展开更多
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attrac...Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).展开更多
Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is inf...Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is influenced by genotype,explant type,and environmental conditions.To overcome these issues,this study uses different machine learning-based predictive models by employing multiple input factors.Cotyledonary node explants of two commercial cotton cultivars(STN-468 and GSN-12)were isolated from 7–8 days old seedlings,preconditioned with 5,10,and 20 mg·L^(-1) kinetin(KIN)for 10 days.Thereafter,explants were postconditioned on full Murashige and Skoog(MS),1/2MS,1/4MS,and full MS+0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN,cultured in growth room enlightened with red and blue light-emitting diodes(LED)combination.Statistical analysis(analysis of variance,regression analysis)was employed to assess the impact of different treatments on shoot regeneration,with artificial intelligence(AI)models used for confirming the findings.Results GSN-12 exhibited superior shoot regeneration potential compared with STN-468,with an average of 4.99 shoots per explant versus 3.97.Optimal results were achieved with 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,1/4MS postconditioning,and 80%red LED,with maximum of 7.75 shoot count for GSN-12 under these conditions;while STN-468 reached 6.00 shoots under the conditions of 10 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,MS with 0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN(postconditioning)and 75.0%red LED.Rooting was successfully achieved with naphthalene acetic acid and activated charcoal.Additionally,three different powerful AI-based models,namely,extreme gradient boost(XGBoost),random forest(RF),and the artificial neural network-based multilayer perceptron(MLP)regression models validated the findings.Conclusion GSN-12 outperformed STN-468 with optimal results from 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN+1/4MS+80%red LED.Application of machine learning-based prediction models to optimize cotton tissue culture protocols for shoot regeneration is helpful to improve cotton regeneration efficiency.展开更多
In recent years,perovskite light-emitting diodes have witnessed a remarkable evolution in both efficiency and luminance levels.Nonetheless,the production of such devices typically relies on protracted synthesis proced...In recent years,perovskite light-emitting diodes have witnessed a remarkable evolution in both efficiency and luminance levels.Nonetheless,the production of such devices typically relies on protracted synthesis procedures at elevated temperatures and vacuum/inert conditions(e.g.hot-injection synthesis),thus rendering them technically unsuitable for extensive display and/or lighting applications manufacturing.Although alternative synthetic protocols have been proposed,e.g.ligand-assisted reprecipitation,ultrasonic and microwave-based methods,their suitability for the construction of high-performing light-emitting diodes has been reported in only a few studies.In this study,we demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient lighting devices based on CsPbBr3 colloidal perovskite nanocrystals synthesized by a fast,energetically efficient,and up-scalable microwave-assisted method.These nanocrystals exhibit an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield of 66.8%after purification,with a very narrow PL spectrum centered at 514 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 20 nm.Similarly,the PeLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.4%,a maximum current efficiency of 71.6 Cd A^(-1),and a maximum luminance level that exceeds 4.7×10^(4) Cdm^(-2).Additionally,a significantly lower energy consumption for microwave-mediated synthesis compared with hot injection is demonstrated.These findings suggest that this synthetic procedure emerges as an outstanding and promising method towards a scalable and sustainable fabrication of high-quality perovskite light-emitting diodes.展开更多
Blue-light emitting materials with high purity and good luminous efficiency have attracted considerable attention from both academic and commercial researchers for their great potential use in OLEDs.In order to improv...Blue-light emitting materials with high purity and good luminous efficiency have attracted considerable attention from both academic and commercial researchers for their great potential use in OLEDs.In order to improve thermal stability and lower the possibility to generate fluorescence quenching of organic blue-light emitting materials formed by carbazole,a linear organic molecule containing carbazole and triarylamine group,named N4,N4’-bis(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N4,N4’-diphenyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine(DPECB),was synthesized via the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction.The structure of DPECB was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and infrared spectroscopy.The UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows that DPECB exhibits two strong absorption peaks in the near ultraviolet region(around 305 and 355 nm).The fluorescence emission spectrum indicates that DPECB displays blue light emission both in solution(428-445 nm)and solid-state(466 nm).Additionally,DPECB shows clearly aggregation-induced emission enhancement(AIEE)effect in the mixed solvent of DMF/H2O.As the thermogravimetric analysis shows,DPECB demonstrates excellent thermostability with a 5%decomposition temperature of 457℃owing to the introduction of triarylamine group.The electrochemical property of DPECB was studied through cyclic voltammetry,and its HOMO and LUMO energy levels are-5.27 and-2.25 eV,respectively.These results indicate that DPECB is a promising blue-light emitting material with potential commercial applications.展开更多
Lateral oxidation in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers （VCSELs） is described,and its characteristics are investigated.A linear growth law is found for stripe mesas. However, oxide growth （above 435℃ ） follo...Lateral oxidation in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers （VCSELs） is described,and its characteristics are investigated.A linear growth law is found for stripe mesas. However, oxide growth （above 435℃ ） follows a nonlinear law for the two geometry mesa structures which we employ in VCSEL. Theoretical analysis indicates that mesa structure geometry influences oxide growth rate at higher temperatures.展开更多
High slope efficiency and high power selected oxide-confined 850nm VCSELs grown by MOCVD are reported.The slope efficiency and the threshold current respectively are 0 82mW/mA and 2 59mA with a 9μm diameter oxidati...High slope efficiency and high power selected oxide-confined 850nm VCSELs grown by MOCVD are reported.The slope efficiency and the threshold current respectively are 0 82mW/mA and 2 59mA with a 9μm diameter oxidation aperture at 25℃.The maximum power of 16mW is obtained at 23mA current bias.The minimum threshold current can be as low as 570μA with a 5μm diameter oxidation aperture at 25℃.The maximum saturated power is 5 5mW.展开更多
A 1.3μm low-threshold edge-emitting AlGaInAs multiple-quantum-well(MQW) laser with AlInAs-oxide confinement layers is fabricated.The Al-contained waveguide layers upper and low the active layers are oxidized as curre...A 1.3μm low-threshold edge-emitting AlGaInAs multiple-quantum-well(MQW) laser with AlInAs-oxide confinement layers is fabricated.The Al-contained waveguide layers upper and low the active layers are oxidized as current-confined layers using wet-oxidation technique.This structure provides excellent current and optical confinement,resulting in 12.9mA of a low continuous wave threshold current and 0.47W/A of a high slope efficiency of per facet at room temperature for a 5-μm-wide current aperture.Compared with the ridge waveguide laser with the same-width ridge,the threshold current of the AlInAs-oxide confinement laser has decreased by 31.7% and the slope efficiency has increased a little.Both low threshold and high slope efficiency indicate that lateral current confinement can be realized by oxidizing AlInAs waveguide layers.The full width of half maximum angles of the Al-InAs-oxide confinement laser are 21.6° for the horizontal and 36.1° for the vertical,which demonstrate the ability of the AlInAs oxide in preventing the optical field from spreading laterally.展开更多
Praseodymium doped lithium yttrium molybdate Li Y1-8x Pr x（Mo O4）2（x=0.005-0.025） phosphors were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology, and luminescent property of the prepared ph...Praseodymium doped lithium yttrium molybdate Li Y1-8x Pr x（Mo O4）2（x=0.005-0.025） phosphors were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology, and luminescent property of the prepared phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that doping of Pr^3＋ ions did not change the main phase of the phosphors. The samples emitted red luminescence upon excitation at 453 nm and the strongest emission peak corresponding to the characteristic transition of the Pr3＋ ion： 3P0→3F2 was observed at 657 nm. Li Y（Mo O4）2：Pr^3＋ red phosphors could be effectively excited by blue light emitting-diodes to emit red light; thus, acting as potential candidates for compensating the red light deficiency of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet yellow phosphor.展开更多
Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch b...Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.展开更多
Single-phase CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors were synthesized by traditional high temperature solid state reaction method. Formation of samples and phase analysis were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. Morpho...Single-phase CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors were synthesized by traditional high temperature solid state reaction method. Formation of samples and phase analysis were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. Morphology was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy and elemental compositions were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Present phosphors have tetragonal crystallography with space group P42_1 m. Average crystallite size was calculated by using Scherrer and Williamson-Hall method. Photoluminescence study of CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphor was investigated.Under different excitation wavelengths, PL spectra consist of four emission bands at 564, 570, 601 and650 nm. The emission bands located at 564 and 570 nm are associated with the transition ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(5/2)while emission bands at 601 and 650 nm are due to ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(7/2) and ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(9/2),respectively.Intense emission was obtained when phosphor was excited under 404 nm wavelength. Non-radiative energy transfer process involved in concentration quenching, was also discussed. CIE coordinate is found in yellow-orange region, hence CaSrAl_2SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors emit yellow-orange light when efficiently excited by near UV(～400 nm) LED chip. Color purity and CCT of the phosphor were determined; CCT suggests that present phosphor is a good candidate as a warm yellow-orange color emitting phosphor. Effect of different heating rates and different UV exposure time on the TL glow curve of the phosphor was investigated. Activation energies and kinetic parameters for different traps were calculated by using peak shape method. TL emission spectrum was also recorded. Present article explains all the possible mechanisms associated with luminescence process in CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors.展开更多
A series of novel red-emitting BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)phosphors were synthesized through the high temperature solid state reaction method.The phase composition,crystal structure,morphology and photo luminescenc...A series of novel red-emitting BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)phosphors were synthesized through the high temperature solid state reaction method.The phase composition,crystal structure,morphology and photo luminescence property of the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)samples were systematically investigated.The phosphor can be efficiently excited by the near ultraviolet light(NUV)of 396 nm and blue light of 466 nm,and give out red light emission at 618 nm corresponding to the electric dipole transition(^(5)D_(0)→^(7)E_(2)).The optimal doping concentration of Eu^(3+)ions in BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3)is determined to be about 3 mol%,and the concentration-quenching phenomenon arise from the electric dipole-dipole interaction.The temperature dependent luminescence behavior of BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):0.03 Eu^(3+)phosphor exhibits its good thermal stability,and the activation energy for thermal quenching characteristics is calculated to be 0.1844 eV.The decay lifetime of the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):0.03 Eu^(3+)is measured to be 1.88 ms.These results suggest that the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)phosphors have the potential application as a red component in white light emitting diodes(WLEDs)with NUV or blue chips.展开更多
White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs),as key infrastructure,play an important role in the field of lighting and display.In the past few decades,many methods were developed to prepare WLEDs.A common strategy is to use blu...White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs),as key infrastructure,play an important role in the field of lighting and display.In the past few decades,many methods were developed to prepare WLEDs.A common strategy is to use blue LEDs to excite yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)phosphors and generate composite white light,which is now the main technology for commercial lighting.In 2014,Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Nakamura et al.for their contribution to blue LEDs[1,2].展开更多
Polycrystalline Gd2(MoO4)3:Dy3+ phosphors have been synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method. The phosphors were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis and different sca...Polycrystalline Gd2(MoO4)3:Dy3+ phosphors have been synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method. The phosphors were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis and different scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectrofluorimeter. Several peaks at 351, 389, 425, 452, and 472 nm appeared in photoluminescence excitation spectrum, which matched well with the emission of the ultraviolet (UV) and blue-light emitting diode (LED) chips. Upon excitation at 389 nm UV light, intense emissions centered at 484, 575 and 668 nm were attributed to the transitions of 4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2 and 4F9/2→6H11/2 of Dy3+, respectively. The chromaticity coordinates and correlative color temperatures have been calculated and presented in the Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) diagrams. The results indicated that Gd1.9(MoO4)3:Dy0.13+ with CIE coordinates of (x=0.38, y=0.41) and the correlative color temperature of 4134 K is a potential candidate for white LEDs.展开更多
In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional indoor communication system based on visible light RGB-LED. Spectrally efficient modulation formats （QAM-OFDM）, advanced digital signal proce...In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional indoor communication system based on visible light RGB-LED. Spectrally efficient modulation formats （QAM-OFDM）, advanced digital signal processing, pre- and post- equalization are adopted to compensate the severe frequency response of indoor channel. In this system, we utilize red-green-blue Light emitting diodes （LEDs）, of which each color can be used to carry different signals. For downlink, the low frequencies of each color are used while for uplink, the high frequencies are used. The overall data rate of downlink and uplink are 1.15-Gb/s and 300-Mb/s. The bit error ratios （BERs） for all channels after 0.7 m indoor delivery are below pre-forward- error-correction （pre-FEC） threshold of 3.8×10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate in bi-directional visible light communication system.展开更多
The reasons for low output power of AlGalnP Light Emitting Diodes （LEDs） have been analysed. LEDs with AlGaInP material have high internal but low external quantum efficiency and much heat generated inside especiall...The reasons for low output power of AlGalnP Light Emitting Diodes （LEDs） have been analysed. LEDs with AlGaInP material have high internal but low external quantum efficiency and much heat generated inside especially at a large injected current which would reduce both the internal and external quantum efficiencies. Two kinds of LEDs with the same active region but different window layers have been fabricated. The new window layer composed of textured 0.5 μm GaP and thin Indium-Tin-Oxide film has shown that low external quantum efficiency （EQE） has serious impaction on the internal quantum efficiency （IQE）, because the carrier distribution will change with the body temperature increasing due to the heat inside, and the test results have shown the evidence of LEDs with lower output power and bigger wavelength red shift.展开更多
An organic light-emitting diode （OLED） device with high efficiency and brightness is fabricated by inserting CuOJCu dual inorganic buffer layers between indium-tin-oxide （ITO） and hole-transport layer （HTL）. The...An organic light-emitting diode （OLED） device with high efficiency and brightness is fabricated by inserting CuOJCu dual inorganic buffer layers between indium-tin-oxide （ITO） and hole-transport layer （HTL）. The CuOx/Cu buffer layer limits the operating current density obviously, while the brightness and efficiency are both enhanced greatly. The highest brightness of the optimized device is achieved to be 14 000 cd/m2 at current efficiency of 3 cd/A and bias voltage of 15 V, which is about 50% higher than that of the compared device without CuOJCu buffer layer. The highest efficiency is achieved to be 5.9 cd/A at 11.6 V with 3 400 cd/m^2, which is almost twice as high as that of the compared device.展开更多
Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red...Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red and green PeLEDs,blue PeLEDs have not been extensively investigated,which limits their commercial applications in the fields of luminance and full-color displays.In this review,blue-PeLED-related research is categorized by the composition of perovskite.The main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies for perovskite films are summarized.Next,the novel strategies for the design of device structures of blue PeLEDs are reviewed from the perspective of transport layers and interfacial layers.Accordingly,future directions for blue PeLEDs are discussed.This review can be a guideline for optimizing perovskite film and device structure of blue PeLEDs,thereby enhancing their development and application scope.展开更多
A series of single phase,warm white light emitting phosphors,Gd(P_(x)V_(1−x))O_(4):y at%Sm^(3+),with 1 at%Bi^(3+) doping concentration were synthesized by high temperature solid state method in this work.The experimen...A series of single phase,warm white light emitting phosphors,Gd(P_(x)V_(1−x))O_(4):y at%Sm^(3+),with 1 at%Bi^(3+) doping concentration were synthesized by high temperature solid state method in this work.The experimental results indicate broadband cyan emission of Bi^(3+)and characteristic orange-red emission of Sm^(3+)can be effectively tuned by changing the ratios of PO^(3−)_(4)/VO^(3−)_(4) in Gd(P_(x)V_(1−x))O_(4):1 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+),and the energy transfer process among VO^(3−)_(4),Sm^(3+),Bi^(3+) also can be adjusted.Based on this,warm white light emitting can be realized by further optimizing the doping concentration of Sm^(3+) in the phosphors.At 423 K,the PL intensity of Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O_(4):2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+) remains~84.3%of the initial value at 293 K,while the measured quantum efficiency is 67.8%.EL spectrum analysis results of the fabricated white light emitting diode(wLED)based on a 310 nm UV-chip and Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O4:2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+)phosphors imply low correlated color temperature(3132 K)and appropriate color-rending index(R_(a)=82.7).These results demonstrate that Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O4:2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+)is a good candidate for manufacturing UV-activated warm white light emitting diodes.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Key R&D Projects in Hunan Province(2021SK2047,2022NK2044)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022WZ1022)Superior Youth Project of the Science Research Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22B0211)。
文摘The technology of solid-state lighting has developed for decades in various industries.Phosphor,as an element part,determines the application domain of lighting products.For instance,blue and redemitting phosphors are required in the process of plant supplementing light,arrow-band emitting phosphors are applied to backlight displays,etc.In this work,a Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor was obtained in a symmetrical and co mpact crystal structure of Gd3Sb07(GSO).Then,the co-doping strategy of alkali metal ions(Li^(+),Na^(+),and K^(+))was used to optimize the performance.The result shows that the photoluminescence intensity is increased by 2.1 times and 1.3 times respectively by introducing Li~+and K^(+)ions.Not only that,it also achieves narrow-band emitting with the full width of half-maximum(FWHM)reaching 42 nm through Na^(+)doping,and its excitation peak position also shifts from 322 to 375 nm,which can be well excited by near-ultraviolet(NUV)light emitting diode(LED)chips(365 nm).Meanwhile,the electroluminescence spectrum of GSO:0.6 mol%Bi^(3+),3 wt%Na^(+)matches up to 93.39%of the blue part of the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a.In summary,the Bi^(3+)-activated blue phosphor reported in this work can synchronously meet the requirements of plant light replenishment and field emission displays.
文摘The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB3612200,2023YFB3609601,2022YFB3604300,2022YFB2802801,2022YFB3604802)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A20300,62174174,62274177,62275263,62325406,62374172,62304242,62304240,62404241)+4 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant Nos.2022323 and 2022324)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2023018-2)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20240126)Suzhou Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.SYC2022089,ZXL2024379,and ZXL2024376)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2022A1515110482 and 2022A1515110004).
文摘Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).
文摘Background Plant tissue culture has emerged as a tool for improving cotton propagation and genetics,but recalcitrance nature of cotton makes it difficult to develop in vitro regeneration.Cotton’s recalcitrance is influenced by genotype,explant type,and environmental conditions.To overcome these issues,this study uses different machine learning-based predictive models by employing multiple input factors.Cotyledonary node explants of two commercial cotton cultivars(STN-468 and GSN-12)were isolated from 7–8 days old seedlings,preconditioned with 5,10,and 20 mg·L^(-1) kinetin(KIN)for 10 days.Thereafter,explants were postconditioned on full Murashige and Skoog(MS),1/2MS,1/4MS,and full MS+0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN,cultured in growth room enlightened with red and blue light-emitting diodes(LED)combination.Statistical analysis(analysis of variance,regression analysis)was employed to assess the impact of different treatments on shoot regeneration,with artificial intelligence(AI)models used for confirming the findings.Results GSN-12 exhibited superior shoot regeneration potential compared with STN-468,with an average of 4.99 shoots per explant versus 3.97.Optimal results were achieved with 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,1/4MS postconditioning,and 80%red LED,with maximum of 7.75 shoot count for GSN-12 under these conditions;while STN-468 reached 6.00 shoots under the conditions of 10 mg·L^(-1) KIN preconditioning,MS with 0.05 mg·L^(-1) KIN(postconditioning)and 75.0%red LED.Rooting was successfully achieved with naphthalene acetic acid and activated charcoal.Additionally,three different powerful AI-based models,namely,extreme gradient boost(XGBoost),random forest(RF),and the artificial neural network-based multilayer perceptron(MLP)regression models validated the findings.Conclusion GSN-12 outperformed STN-468 with optimal results from 5 mg·L^(-1) KIN+1/4MS+80%red LED.Application of machine learning-based prediction models to optimize cotton tissue culture protocols for shoot regeneration is helpful to improve cotton regeneration efficiency.
基金partially supported by LUZ PDC2022-133612-100 and PLEDS PID2022-140090OB funded by MCIN/AEIPROMETEO Program from Generalitat Valenciana (Q-Solutions project reference CIPROM/2021/078)+1 种基金the financial support from Universitat Jaume I (project UJIB2021-50)Generalitat Valenciana for her PhD contract (GRISOLIAP/2021/096)
文摘In recent years,perovskite light-emitting diodes have witnessed a remarkable evolution in both efficiency and luminance levels.Nonetheless,the production of such devices typically relies on protracted synthesis procedures at elevated temperatures and vacuum/inert conditions(e.g.hot-injection synthesis),thus rendering them technically unsuitable for extensive display and/or lighting applications manufacturing.Although alternative synthetic protocols have been proposed,e.g.ligand-assisted reprecipitation,ultrasonic and microwave-based methods,their suitability for the construction of high-performing light-emitting diodes has been reported in only a few studies.In this study,we demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient lighting devices based on CsPbBr3 colloidal perovskite nanocrystals synthesized by a fast,energetically efficient,and up-scalable microwave-assisted method.These nanocrystals exhibit an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield of 66.8%after purification,with a very narrow PL spectrum centered at 514 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 20 nm.Similarly,the PeLEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.4%,a maximum current efficiency of 71.6 Cd A^(-1),and a maximum luminance level that exceeds 4.7×10^(4) Cdm^(-2).Additionally,a significantly lower energy consumption for microwave-mediated synthesis compared with hot injection is demonstrated.These findings suggest that this synthetic procedure emerges as an outstanding and promising method towards a scalable and sustainable fabrication of high-quality perovskite light-emitting diodes.
基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124637,202203021211102,J20230701)。
文摘Blue-light emitting materials with high purity and good luminous efficiency have attracted considerable attention from both academic and commercial researchers for their great potential use in OLEDs.In order to improve thermal stability and lower the possibility to generate fluorescence quenching of organic blue-light emitting materials formed by carbazole,a linear organic molecule containing carbazole and triarylamine group,named N4,N4’-bis(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-N4,N4’-diphenyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine(DPECB),was synthesized via the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction.The structure of DPECB was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and infrared spectroscopy.The UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows that DPECB exhibits two strong absorption peaks in the near ultraviolet region(around 305 and 355 nm).The fluorescence emission spectrum indicates that DPECB displays blue light emission both in solution(428-445 nm)and solid-state(466 nm).Additionally,DPECB shows clearly aggregation-induced emission enhancement(AIEE)effect in the mixed solvent of DMF/H2O.As the thermogravimetric analysis shows,DPECB demonstrates excellent thermostability with a 5%decomposition temperature of 457℃owing to the introduction of triarylamine group.The electrochemical property of DPECB was studied through cyclic voltammetry,and its HOMO and LUMO energy levels are-5.27 and-2.25 eV,respectively.These results indicate that DPECB is a promising blue-light emitting material with potential commercial applications.
文摘Lateral oxidation in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers （VCSELs） is described,and its characteristics are investigated.A linear growth law is found for stripe mesas. However, oxide growth （above 435℃ ） follows a nonlinear law for the two geometry mesa structures which we employ in VCSEL. Theoretical analysis indicates that mesa structure geometry influences oxide growth rate at higher temperatures.
文摘High slope efficiency and high power selected oxide-confined 850nm VCSELs grown by MOCVD are reported.The slope efficiency and the threshold current respectively are 0 82mW/mA and 2 59mA with a 9μm diameter oxidation aperture at 25℃.The maximum power of 16mW is obtained at 23mA current bias.The minimum threshold current can be as low as 570μA with a 5μm diameter oxidation aperture at 25℃.The maximum saturated power is 5 5mW.
文摘A 1.3μm low-threshold edge-emitting AlGaInAs multiple-quantum-well(MQW) laser with AlInAs-oxide confinement layers is fabricated.The Al-contained waveguide layers upper and low the active layers are oxidized as current-confined layers using wet-oxidation technique.This structure provides excellent current and optical confinement,resulting in 12.9mA of a low continuous wave threshold current and 0.47W/A of a high slope efficiency of per facet at room temperature for a 5-μm-wide current aperture.Compared with the ridge waveguide laser with the same-width ridge,the threshold current of the AlInAs-oxide confinement laser has decreased by 31.7% and the slope efficiency has increased a little.Both low threshold and high slope efficiency indicate that lateral current confinement can be realized by oxidizing AlInAs waveguide layers.The full width of half maximum angles of the Al-InAs-oxide confinement laser are 21.6° for the horizontal and 36.1° for the vertical,which demonstrate the ability of the AlInAs oxide in preventing the optical field from spreading laterally.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21205092)the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA05A202)
文摘Praseodymium doped lithium yttrium molybdate Li Y1-8x Pr x（Mo O4）2（x=0.005-0.025） phosphors were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology, and luminescent property of the prepared phosphors were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that doping of Pr^3＋ ions did not change the main phase of the phosphors. The samples emitted red luminescence upon excitation at 453 nm and the strongest emission peak corresponding to the characteristic transition of the Pr3＋ ion： 3P0→3F2 was observed at 657 nm. Li Y（Mo O4）2：Pr^3＋ red phosphors could be effectively excited by blue light emitting-diodes to emit red light; thus, acting as potential candidates for compensating the red light deficiency of cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet yellow phosphor.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21574130, 51473161, 51873212)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2015CB655001)National Key R&D Program of "Strategic Advanced Electronic Materials" (Nos. 2016YFB0401301, 2016YFB04011001)
文摘Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.
文摘Single-phase CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors were synthesized by traditional high temperature solid state reaction method. Formation of samples and phase analysis were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. Morphology was done by field emission scanning electron microscopy and elemental compositions were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Present phosphors have tetragonal crystallography with space group P42_1 m. Average crystallite size was calculated by using Scherrer and Williamson-Hall method. Photoluminescence study of CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphor was investigated.Under different excitation wavelengths, PL spectra consist of four emission bands at 564, 570, 601 and650 nm. The emission bands located at 564 and 570 nm are associated with the transition ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(5/2)while emission bands at 601 and 650 nm are due to ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(7/2) and ~4 G_(5/2)→~6 H_(9/2),respectively.Intense emission was obtained when phosphor was excited under 404 nm wavelength. Non-radiative energy transfer process involved in concentration quenching, was also discussed. CIE coordinate is found in yellow-orange region, hence CaSrAl_2SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors emit yellow-orange light when efficiently excited by near UV(～400 nm) LED chip. Color purity and CCT of the phosphor were determined; CCT suggests that present phosphor is a good candidate as a warm yellow-orange color emitting phosphor. Effect of different heating rates and different UV exposure time on the TL glow curve of the phosphor was investigated. Activation energies and kinetic parameters for different traps were calculated by using peak shape method. TL emission spectrum was also recorded. Present article explains all the possible mechanisms associated with luminescence process in CaSrAl_2 SiO_7:Sm^(3+) phosphors.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0709101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072364,51902305)the Fund for Creative Research Groups(21221061)。
文摘A series of novel red-emitting BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)phosphors were synthesized through the high temperature solid state reaction method.The phase composition,crystal structure,morphology and photo luminescence property of the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)samples were systematically investigated.The phosphor can be efficiently excited by the near ultraviolet light(NUV)of 396 nm and blue light of 466 nm,and give out red light emission at 618 nm corresponding to the electric dipole transition(^(5)D_(0)→^(7)E_(2)).The optimal doping concentration of Eu^(3+)ions in BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3)is determined to be about 3 mol%,and the concentration-quenching phenomenon arise from the electric dipole-dipole interaction.The temperature dependent luminescence behavior of BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):0.03 Eu^(3+)phosphor exhibits its good thermal stability,and the activation energy for thermal quenching characteristics is calculated to be 0.1844 eV.The decay lifetime of the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):0.03 Eu^(3+)is measured to be 1.88 ms.These results suggest that the BaLiZn_(3)(BO_(3))_(3):Eu^(3+)phosphors have the potential application as a red component in white light emitting diodes(WLEDs)with NUV or blue chips.
基金H.Zeng thanks National Natural Science Foundation of China(61725402,62004101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30919012107,30920041117)+4 种基金"Ten Thousand Talents Plan"(W03020394)the Six Top Talent Innovation Teams of Jiangsu Province(TDXCL-004)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681600)the Postdoctoral Research Funding Scheme of Jiangsu Province(2020Z124)for financial support.L.Ding thanks the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773045,21772030,51922032,21961160720)for financial support.
文摘White light-emitting diodes(WLEDs),as key infrastructure,play an important role in the field of lighting and display.In the past few decades,many methods were developed to prepare WLEDs.A common strategy is to use blue LEDs to excite yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)phosphors and generate composite white light,which is now the main technology for commercial lighting.In 2014,Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Nakamura et al.for their contribution to blue LEDs[1,2].
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50872036)
文摘Polycrystalline Gd2(MoO4)3:Dy3+ phosphors have been synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method. The phosphors were characterized with X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis and different scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectrofluorimeter. Several peaks at 351, 389, 425, 452, and 472 nm appeared in photoluminescence excitation spectrum, which matched well with the emission of the ultraviolet (UV) and blue-light emitting diode (LED) chips. Upon excitation at 389 nm UV light, intense emissions centered at 484, 575 and 668 nm were attributed to the transitions of 4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2 and 4F9/2→6H11/2 of Dy3+, respectively. The chromaticity coordinates and correlative color temperatures have been calculated and presented in the Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) diagrams. The results indicated that Gd1.9(MoO4)3:Dy0.13+ with CIE coordinates of (x=0.38, y=0.41) and the correlative color temperature of 4134 K is a potential candidate for white LEDs.
基金supported by the NNSF of China(No.61177071, No.61250018)the Key Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Association (12dz1143000)
文摘In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a bi-directional indoor communication system based on visible light RGB-LED. Spectrally efficient modulation formats （QAM-OFDM）, advanced digital signal processing, pre- and post- equalization are adopted to compensate the severe frequency response of indoor channel. In this system, we utilize red-green-blue Light emitting diodes （LEDs）, of which each color can be used to carry different signals. For downlink, the low frequencies of each color are used while for uplink, the high frequencies are used. The overall data rate of downlink and uplink are 1.15-Gb/s and 300-Mb/s. The bit error ratios （BERs） for all channels after 0.7 m indoor delivery are below pre-forward- error-correction （pre-FEC） threshold of 3.8×10-3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate in bi-directional visible light communication system.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2006AA03A121)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB604900)
文摘The reasons for low output power of AlGalnP Light Emitting Diodes （LEDs） have been analysed. LEDs with AlGaInP material have high internal but low external quantum efficiency and much heat generated inside especially at a large injected current which would reduce both the internal and external quantum efficiencies. Two kinds of LEDs with the same active region but different window layers have been fabricated. The new window layer composed of textured 0.5 μm GaP and thin Indium-Tin-Oxide film has shown that low external quantum efficiency （EQE） has serious impaction on the internal quantum efficiency （IQE）, because the carrier distribution will change with the body temperature increasing due to the heat inside, and the test results have shown the evidence of LEDs with lower output power and bigger wavelength red shift.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61274063)
文摘An organic light-emitting diode （OLED） device with high efficiency and brightness is fabricated by inserting CuOJCu dual inorganic buffer layers between indium-tin-oxide （ITO） and hole-transport layer （HTL）. The CuOx/Cu buffer layer limits the operating current density obviously, while the brightness and efficiency are both enhanced greatly. The highest brightness of the optimized device is achieved to be 14 000 cd/m2 at current efficiency of 3 cd/A and bias voltage of 15 V, which is about 50% higher than that of the compared device without CuOJCu buffer layer. The highest efficiency is achieved to be 5.9 cd/A at 11.6 V with 3 400 cd/m^2, which is almost twice as high as that of the compared device.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51775199,51735004)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018B030306008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Perovskite light emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have attracted considerable research attention because of their external quantum efficiency(EQE)of>20%and have potential scope for further improvement.However,compared to red and green PeLEDs,blue PeLEDs have not been extensively investigated,which limits their commercial applications in the fields of luminance and full-color displays.In this review,blue-PeLED-related research is categorized by the composition of perovskite.The main challenges and corresponding optimization strategies for perovskite films are summarized.Next,the novel strategies for the design of device structures of blue PeLEDs are reviewed from the perspective of transport layers and interfacial layers.Accordingly,future directions for blue PeLEDs are discussed.This review can be a guideline for optimizing perovskite film and device structure of blue PeLEDs,thereby enhancing their development and application scope.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972181,61705231)Major Basic Research Projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2018ZB0650)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M580573)High Quality Course Construction Project of Graduate Education in Shandong Province(SDYKC18051)Postgraduate Tutor Ability Improvement Project of Shandong Province(SDYY17179)。
文摘A series of single phase,warm white light emitting phosphors,Gd(P_(x)V_(1−x))O_(4):y at%Sm^(3+),with 1 at%Bi^(3+) doping concentration were synthesized by high temperature solid state method in this work.The experimental results indicate broadband cyan emission of Bi^(3+)and characteristic orange-red emission of Sm^(3+)can be effectively tuned by changing the ratios of PO^(3−)_(4)/VO^(3−)_(4) in Gd(P_(x)V_(1−x))O_(4):1 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+),and the energy transfer process among VO^(3−)_(4),Sm^(3+),Bi^(3+) also can be adjusted.Based on this,warm white light emitting can be realized by further optimizing the doping concentration of Sm^(3+) in the phosphors.At 423 K,the PL intensity of Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O_(4):2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+) remains~84.3%of the initial value at 293 K,while the measured quantum efficiency is 67.8%.EL spectrum analysis results of the fabricated white light emitting diode(wLED)based on a 310 nm UV-chip and Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O4:2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+)phosphors imply low correlated color temperature(3132 K)and appropriate color-rending index(R_(a)=82.7).These results demonstrate that Gd(P_(0.7)V_(0.3))O4:2 at%Sm^(3+),1 at%Bi^(3+)is a good candidate for manufacturing UV-activated warm white light emitting diodes.
