A series of scaled-model shaking table tests and its simulation analyses using dynamic finite element method were performed to clarify the dynamic behaviors and the seismic stability of embedded corrugated steel culve...A series of scaled-model shaking table tests and its simulation analyses using dynamic finite element method were performed to clarify the dynamic behaviors and the seismic stability of embedded corrugated steel culverts due to strong earth-quakes like the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The dynamic strains of the embedded culvert models and the seismic soil pressure acting on the models due to sinusoidal and random strong motions were investigated. This study verified that the cor-rugated culvert model was subjected to dynamic horizontal forces (lateral seismic soil pressure) from the surrounding ground, which caused the large bending strains on the structure; and that the structures do not exceed the allowable plastic deformation and do not collapse completely during strong earthquake like Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The results obtained are useful for design and construction of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts in seismic regions.展开更多
This paper treats the problem of designing an optimal size for a lookup table used for sensor linearization. In small embedded systems the lookup table must be reduced to a minimum in order to reduce the memory footpr...This paper treats the problem of designing an optimal size for a lookup table used for sensor linearization. In small embedded systems the lookup table must be reduced to a minimum in order to reduce the memory footprint and intermediate table values are estimated by linear interpolation. Since interpolation introduces an estimation uncertainty that increases with the sparseness of the lookup table there is a trade-off between lookup table size and estimation precision. This work will present a theory for finding the minimum allowed size of a lookup table that does not affect the overall precision, i.e. the overall precision is determined by the lookup table entries’ precision, not by the interpolation error.展开更多
Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by t...Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China according to well-defined conventions.However,county-level 10tables are not provided as a rule by official statistics organizations.This paper conducts an overview of compiling EEIO tables for environmental and resources accounting at the county level and then answers several questions:First,what kind of data should be prepared for the compilation of county-level EEIO tables?Second,how can we set up comprehensive EEIO tables at the county level?Third,regarding the survey methods and the indirect modeling,which one should be chosen to build EEIO tables at the county level?Finally,what policy questions could such a table answer?EEIO tables at the county level can be used to predict the economic impacts of environmental policies and to perform trend and scenario analysis.展开更多
Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both...Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.展开更多
Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the worl...Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the world.In this study,we shall firstly carry out an in-depth quantitative research to analyze the patterns and evolution of global production networks,using a long time-sequenced multi-region input-output table and the network analysis approach.Then based on the method of value-added decomposition,we will develop an index system to measure the degree of participation of regions in global production networks.Finally,we will try to identify the factors affecting the degree of participation of countries in global production networks by constructing a regression model.The results show that from 1995 to 2015,the evolution of global production networks measured by input-output linkages experienced four stages:expansion,contraction,re-expansion,and re-contraction.In addition,the core communities of global production networks evolved from two major production communities(Europe and the Americas)to three pillars(Europe,Americas,and Asia)while more segmented communities are mainly affected by geographical proximity.The latter consists of European,North American,South American,African and Asian communities.The evolution of the global production network pattern primarily manifests as a process of cooperation strengthening or weakening among communities,based on changes in the external environment and the need for individual development strategies.Meanwhile,the United States,Germany,and the United Kingdom have consistently ranked among the top entities in global production networks,whereas China,Russia,and Southeast Asia have the fastest rises in ranking.In addition,government efficiency,resources endowment,infrastructure conditions and technology levels play important roles in the participation in global production networks.展开更多
The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and...The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.展开更多
Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports （RPIE）, which includes international and interregional imports/ exports...Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports （RPIE）, which includes international and interregional imports/ exports. This method uses provincial monetary input- output tables （MIOT） and international trade statistics. A coefficient matrix representing correlations between monetary value and physical mass for years 2000-2009 was obtained based on a detailed commodity classification and 22 material production sectors in MIOT. With the coefficient matrix as reference, RPIE was measured. Pilot calculation of both regional physical trade balance and domestic material consumption, as well as a brief analysis of these methods, were conducted using 2002 data.展开更多
The estimation of regional input-output tables is well discussed in the literature and a large variety of methods exist. In this paper we will use the concept of fundamental economic structure （FES） to estimate the ...The estimation of regional input-output tables is well discussed in the literature and a large variety of methods exist. In this paper we will use the concept of fundamental economic structure （FES） to estimate the matrix of intermediate deliveries for some ＂missing＂ region（s）. Furthermore, the estimates will be compared with the estimates obtained from ＂traditional＂ estimating techniques, including regionalization on the basis of the national table, and borrowing coefficients from similar regions. The results show FES is very helpful for compiling regional tables of China.展开更多
文摘A series of scaled-model shaking table tests and its simulation analyses using dynamic finite element method were performed to clarify the dynamic behaviors and the seismic stability of embedded corrugated steel culverts due to strong earth-quakes like the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The dynamic strains of the embedded culvert models and the seismic soil pressure acting on the models due to sinusoidal and random strong motions were investigated. This study verified that the cor-rugated culvert model was subjected to dynamic horizontal forces (lateral seismic soil pressure) from the surrounding ground, which caused the large bending strains on the structure; and that the structures do not exceed the allowable plastic deformation and do not collapse completely during strong earthquake like Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The results obtained are useful for design and construction of embedded long span corrugated steel culverts in seismic regions.
文摘This paper treats the problem of designing an optimal size for a lookup table used for sensor linearization. In small embedded systems the lookup table must be reduced to a minimum in order to reduce the memory footprint and intermediate table values are estimated by linear interpolation. Since interpolation introduces an estimation uncertainty that increases with the sparseness of the lookup table there is a trade-off between lookup table size and estimation precision. This work will present a theory for finding the minimum allowed size of a lookup table that does not affect the overall precision, i.e. the overall precision is determined by the lookup table entries’ precision, not by the interpolation error.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number KZZD-EW-08]the Exploratory Forefront Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR,CAS
文摘Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China according to well-defined conventions.However,county-level 10tables are not provided as a rule by official statistics organizations.This paper conducts an overview of compiling EEIO tables for environmental and resources accounting at the county level and then answers several questions:First,what kind of data should be prepared for the compilation of county-level EEIO tables?Second,how can we set up comprehensive EEIO tables at the county level?Third,regarding the survey methods and the indirect modeling,which one should be chosen to build EEIO tables at the county level?Finally,what policy questions could such a table answer?EEIO tables at the county level can be used to predict the economic impacts of environmental policies and to perform trend and scenario analysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72471007)Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation Planning Project(23ZGB005)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.23YJAZH041).
文摘Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20080000National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901154。
文摘Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the world.In this study,we shall firstly carry out an in-depth quantitative research to analyze the patterns and evolution of global production networks,using a long time-sequenced multi-region input-output table and the network analysis approach.Then based on the method of value-added decomposition,we will develop an index system to measure the degree of participation of regions in global production networks.Finally,we will try to identify the factors affecting the degree of participation of countries in global production networks by constructing a regression model.The results show that from 1995 to 2015,the evolution of global production networks measured by input-output linkages experienced four stages:expansion,contraction,re-expansion,and re-contraction.In addition,the core communities of global production networks evolved from two major production communities(Europe and the Americas)to three pillars(Europe,Americas,and Asia)while more segmented communities are mainly affected by geographical proximity.The latter consists of European,North American,South American,African and Asian communities.The evolution of the global production network pattern primarily manifests as a process of cooperation strengthening or weakening among communities,based on changes in the external environment and the need for individual development strategies.Meanwhile,the United States,Germany,and the United Kingdom have consistently ranked among the top entities in global production networks,whereas China,Russia,and Southeast Asia have the fastest rises in ranking.In addition,government efficiency,resources endowment,infrastructure conditions and technology levels play important roles in the participation in global production networks.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the humanities and social sciences project of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission entitled“Research on the Integrated Development of the Digital Economy and Manufacturing Industry in Chongqing under the Development Paradigm of Dual Circulation”(Project No.:21SKGH229).
文摘The evolving dynamics of industrial convergence among the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)framework have emerged as a significant subject that merits in-depth consideration and analysis.This study initially employs multi-regional input-output(MRIO)data and the social network analysis(SNA)method to delineate the levels and variation trends of this industrial convergence across the RCEP member countries.It then delves into the positive effects of this convergence phenomenon on the trade and investment fields of the member countries.The research findings indicate:(a)In 2006 and 2015,before the implementation of the RCEP,the RCEP member countries displayed a relatively close industrial convergence.The convergence levels exhibited a general upward trend on both the supply and the demand sides,but there were significant disparities in the levels of industrial convergence among the member countries.Furthermore,while the convergence in the three economic sectors showed an increasing trend,the development was uneven across the board.(b)Since the implementation of the RCEP,the trade ties among the member countries within the region have strengthened significantly,and the interplay between the countries’industrial and supply chains has been characterized by high-quality collaboration and demonstrated remarkable resilience.In addition,the convergence in the investment fields of the RCEP member countries and their respective industries has unleashed a wave of positive synergies.These findings offer valuable insights that can serve as a robust foundation for formulating effective policies to advance the growth and prosperity of the RCEP region.
文摘Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports （RPIE）, which includes international and interregional imports/ exports. This method uses provincial monetary input- output tables （MIOT） and international trade statistics. A coefficient matrix representing correlations between monetary value and physical mass for years 2000-2009 was obtained based on a detailed commodity classification and 22 material production sectors in MIOT. With the coefficient matrix as reference, RPIE was measured. Pilot calculation of both regional physical trade balance and domestic material consumption, as well as a brief analysis of these methods, were conducted using 2002 data.
文摘The estimation of regional input-output tables is well discussed in the literature and a large variety of methods exist. In this paper we will use the concept of fundamental economic structure （FES） to estimate the matrix of intermediate deliveries for some ＂missing＂ region（s）. Furthermore, the estimates will be compared with the estimates obtained from ＂traditional＂ estimating techniques, including regionalization on the basis of the national table, and borrowing coefficients from similar regions. The results show FES is very helpful for compiling regional tables of China.
