With the continuous development and wide application of modern technology,more enterprises and institutions in our country have begun to strengthen the research and manufacturing of intelligent elevators,aiming to bui...With the continuous development and wide application of modern technology,more enterprises and institutions in our country have begun to strengthen the research and manufacturing of intelligent elevators,aiming to build a new mode of modern manufacturing with the concept of green development as the core.Therefore,this paper takes green manufacturing as the background,analyzes the design significance of intelligent elevator lightweight,expounds its design ideas,and in the end introduces its specific design practice path.展开更多
Elevators are one of the most important elements of vertical communication used in buildings.Especially in recent times,where high and high rise buildings have become a modern architectural phenomenon and the spread o...Elevators are one of the most important elements of vertical communication used in buildings.Especially in recent times,where high and high rise buildings have become a modern architectural phenomenon and the spread of architecture has become a feature of the age.Hence,the research discusses the technique of installing elevators in buildings.A general introduction to elevators and their types will be discussed,as well as a historical overview of the beginning of the idea of the elevator and the first buildings that were used.The technique of installing the elevator inside the building explained with the images shown components elevator.Also it will mention several speeds of modern elevators used in buildings,the world’s fastest elevator,ultra-rope technology and the reasons for choosing this technique in elevator components in high-rise buildings which may be used in the space elevator that will connect earth and space.As well it shows features of the wire used in the elevators of the Burj-Khalifa,the highest skyscraper in the world.Then it mentions a number of the most recent and newest elevators in the world,then research results and references.展开更多
The present work proposes a methodological approach for modeling decisions regarding energy reduction in an elevator. This is achieved with the integration of existing as well as acquired knowledge, in a decision modu...The present work proposes a methodological approach for modeling decisions regarding energy reduction in an elevator. This is achieved with the integration of existing as well as acquired knowledge, in a decision module implemented in the electronics of an elevator. So far, elevators do not exploit information regarding their recent usage. In the developed system decisions are driven based on information arising from monitoring the use of the elevator. Monitoring provides various records of usage which consequently are used to predict elevator’s future usage and to adapt accordingly its functioning. Till now, there are only elevators that encompass in their electronics algorithms with if then rules in order to control elevator’s functioning. However, these if then rules are based only on good practice knowledge of similar elevators installed in similar buildings. Even this knowledge which unavoidably is associated with uncertainty is not encoded in a mathematically consisted way in the algorithms. The design, the implementation and a first pilot evaluation study of an elevator’s intelligent decision module are presented. The study concludes that the presented application sufficiently reduces energy consumption through properly controlled functioning.展开更多
The aim of the study is to simulate actual operation of an elevator. First, it designed elevator scheduling algorithm for control ing operation of the elevator;second, it simulated elevator operation by the use of obj...The aim of the study is to simulate actual operation of an elevator. First, it designed elevator scheduling algorithm for control ing operation of the elevator;second, it simulated elevator operation by the use of object-oriented programming language, in which double buffering technology was used to solve the problem of elevator pictures flicker at refreshing; final y, test correctness and rationality of the system.展开更多
In the thunderstorm process on August 3,2016,among the nine elevators in a housing estate in the middle of Neijiang City,six elevators were damaged by lightning. In this study,the impact of lightning stroke on elevato...In the thunderstorm process on August 3,2016,among the nine elevators in a housing estate in the middle of Neijiang City,six elevators were damaged by lightning. In this study,the impact of lightning stroke on elevators was analyzed firstly,and then measures to protect elevators against lightning were proposed,which provides a practical basis for the improvement of protection of elevators against lightning.展开更多
The computational flow rate feedback and control method, which can be used in proportional valve controlled hydraulic elevators, is discussed and analyzed. In a hydraulic elevator with this method, microprocessor rece...The computational flow rate feedback and control method, which can be used in proportional valve controlled hydraulic elevators, is discussed and analyzed. In a hydraulic elevator with this method, microprocessor receives pressure information from the pressure transducers and computes the flow rate through the proportional valve based on pressure-flow conversion real time algorithm. This hydraulic elevator is of lower cost and energy consumption than the conventional closed loop control hydraulic elevator whose flow rate is measured by a flow meter. Experiments arc carried out on a test rig which could simulate the load of hydraulic elevator. According to the experiment results, the means to modify the pressure-flow conversion algorithm are pointed out.展开更多
Elevators,as an enclosed and often crowded space,pose a high risk of airborne infections due to ineffective ventilation.To mitigate this issue,this study introduces a reinforced exhaust at low velocity(RELV)system,spe...Elevators,as an enclosed and often crowded space,pose a high risk of airborne infections due to ineffective ventilation.To mitigate this issue,this study introduces a reinforced exhaust at low velocity(RELV)system,specifically designed to enhance aerosol removal efficiency in elevators.The performance of the RELV system was assessed through computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,employing the Renormalization Group(RNG)k–εturbulence model to simulate airflow and the Lagrangian method to track particle motion.The RELV system was benchmarked against three conventional ventilation strategies:mixed ventilation(MV),displacement ventilation(DV),and local exhaust(Exhaust).Results demonstrated that the RELV system,optimized at a momentum ratio of 0.2,achieved a remarkable 72.9% aerosol removal efficiency within 120 s,significantly outperforming the 16.1%removal efficiency of the MV system under Scenario I,where the patient was located at the elevator’s center.Furthermore,the viral aerosol concentration in the breathing zone was reduced from 2.03×10^(-2) mg/cm^(3) in the MV system to 1.02×10^(-3) mg/cm^(3) in the RELV system.The RELV system features simple design and compatibility with existing ventilation systems,offering an effective solution to improve air quality in elevators and other enclosed environments.Additionally,this study provides a velocity decay curve for low-velocity jets in the RELV system.This curve offers valuable insights for designing ventilation systems in similar settings.展开更多
Erratum to BUILD SIMUL,DOI 10.1007/s12273-025-1258-2.The name of the last author Runmin Zhao was incorrectly listed as Runming Zhao in the original online version of the article.The article has been updated with the c...Erratum to BUILD SIMUL,DOI 10.1007/s12273-025-1258-2.The name of the last author Runmin Zhao was incorrectly listed as Runming Zhao in the original online version of the article.The article has been updated with the correct name.展开更多
Climate warming is significantly altering the distribution of tree species,which holds crucial implications for China’s Larix species as they are important afforestation efforts.Understanding their optimal habitats a...Climate warming is significantly altering the distribution of tree species,which holds crucial implications for China’s Larix species as they are important afforestation efforts.Understanding their optimal habitats and environmental constraints is vital for predicting range shifts and guiding adaptive forest management.Previous studies prioritized changing climate impacts on horizontal range shifts of Larix,neglecting the influence of soil factors and range shift along altitudinal gradients.To address this,we applied an optimized MaxEnt model to assess current and future SSP126/SSP585 scenarios,three-dimensional habitat suitability(latitude,longitude,altitude)for four major Larix species(L.principis-rupprechtii,L.gmelinii,L.kaempferi,L.olgensis),while identifying key environmental drivers.Our results indicate that elevation and extreme moisture conditions universally constrain their distribution.Soil chemistry properties exhibited species-specific influences:cation exchange capacity critically shaped L.principis-rupprechtii and L.gmelinii ranges,whereas exchangeable aluminum determined L.kaempferi and L.olgensis distribution.Under future climate scenarios,habitat areas show divergent trajectories-L.principis-rupprechtii maximum gains 5.1%under SSP126,while L.kaempferi maximum expands 15.1%.Conversely,SSP585 triggered a 3.7% decline for L.gmelinii during the 2040s−2100s,and L.olgensis faces a net reduction to 0.4% by 2100s despite transient gains.Spatially,three species(L.kaempferi,L.gmelinii,L.olgensis)shifted northward,while L.principis-rupprechtii migrated northwest.All species distribution ascended altitudinally reflecting thermal adaptation strategies.These multidimensional insights enable targeted species selection for climate-resilient afforestation and underscore the need for soil-inclusive management planning.展开更多
The dynamics of calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)in the forest floor and topsoil caused by anthropogenic and natural processes continue to be a concern in temperate forests.However,the impacts of abiotic and biotic variabl...The dynamics of calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)in the forest floor and topsoil caused by anthropogenic and natural processes continue to be a concern in temperate forests.However,the impacts of abiotic and biotic variables as well as their interactions remain unclear,especially in areas undergoing long-term forest restoration.In this study,Ca and Mg concentrations in the forest floor and topsoil from 239 forest plots across the Loess Plateau were measured,and the effects of forest types,climate,soil properties,stand characteristics and nitrogen deposition were explored.The results showed significantly higher Ca concentrations in the forest floor(20.68±8.04 mg/g)than in the topsoil(13.28±12.83 mg/g),whereas Mg exhibited the inverse pattern(3.64±1.09 and 10.11±2.51 mg/g,respectively).The effect of forest types was only significant on forest floor Ca,and Ca concentrations were higher in broadleaf and mixed forests than in coniferous forests.Overall,Ca and Mg concentrations in forest floor and topsoil increased with latitudes while decreased with elevations,and the significance of the trends varied among forest types.Forest floor Ca and Mg were mainly influenced by environmental variables aboveground,i.e.,basal area(BA)and mean annual precipitation(MAP),respectively;topsoil Ca and Mg were more affected by soil properties(soil C/N and pH,respectively).Those suggested a depletion of Ca belowground was associated with forest growth and enriched soil nitrogen,and the leaching of mobile Mg was correlated with rainfall and soil acidification.Besides,the impact of environmental variables on Ca-Mg balance(Ca/Mg ratio)belowground was primarily through the regulation of Ca.Elucidating the influence of environmental variables will improve our ability to predict future changes in base cations and thus forest soil health in the greening vegetated Loess Plateau.展开更多
Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focu...Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.展开更多
Elevation patterns and assembly processes of soil microbial community structures are essential for understanding biogeo-chemical processes in mountain systems.Differences in soil properties caused by elevation gradien...Elevation patterns and assembly processes of soil microbial community structures are essential for understanding biogeo-chemical processes in mountain systems.Differences in soil properties caused by elevation gradients can regulate the spatial distribu-tion and network complexity of the community structure.To explore the variations in soil microbial community structures and their as-sembly mechanisms across different elevations of the Changbai Mountains,as well as their responses to environmental factors,we col-lected microbial samples along an elevational gradient(seven elevations containing four vegetation zones)on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains using the method of metagenomic sequencing.The results showed a significant difference(P<0.05)for the Chao1 index across different elevations,but no significant difference was observed for the Shannon and Simpson indices.With increasing elev-ation,the number of nodes and links in the microbial network gradually decreased.Acidobacteria were highly connected to many nodes.The microbial communities indicated a significant distance-decay relationship(P<0.001)and were affected more by stochastic pro-cesses along the elevation gradient.The results of the Structural Equation Model(SEM)showed that elevation had direct significant ef-fect on carbon(C,P<0.01),nitrogen(N,P<0.01),and phosphorus(P,P<0.05)and weak negative effect on their ecological stoi-chiometry.Elevation was one of the major variables contributing to microbial network topology.The contribution of C and N to micro-bial network complexity was higher than that of P.Our study provides valuable insights into the responses of soil microbial communit-ies to elevation variations.展开更多
Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metaboli...Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metabolism,causing restructuring of carbon and nitrogen balance in crops. Though elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2)) increases photosynthetic efficacy and biomass accumulation in many C3crops, it also disrupts carbon-nitrogen balance, leading to nitrogen dilution in leaves and grains, eventually compromising food quality(Myers et al., 2014;Rezaei et al., 2023). Rice is a staple food that feeds nearly half of the world's population;it requires sustained yield gains, considering an estimated 35%-56%increase in demand by 2050, as the global population approaches 10 billion(Van Dijk et al., 2021), while reducing dependency on nitrogen fertilizers, whose production and overuse contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emission(Qian et al., 2023). Yet, most breeding programs remain regulated to present-day atmospheric conditions, overlooking the physiological and molecular adaptations required for future CO_(2)climates.展开更多
Existing elevator fault diagnosis algorithms have limited engineering applicability due to variations in working conditions and differences in equipment structures.To address this limitation,this study proposes an uns...Existing elevator fault diagnosis algorithms have limited engineering applicability due to variations in working conditions and differences in equipment structures.To address this limitation,this study proposes an unsupervised subdomain adaptation method based on a time-frequency feature attention mechanism,LMMD-based subdomain alignment,and contrastive local alignment.This enables the application of the diagnosis model across different working conditions and equipment types.First,a novel time-frequency feature attention mechanism assigns weights to vibration signals of varying dimensions.Second,the time series is transformed to obtain a three-channel time-frequency diagram.This diagram is input into the proposed dimension-segmentation cross-channel multihead self-attention framework to extract high-dimensional frequencydomain fault features.These features are concatenated with the time-domain features to obtain a global feature representation.Then,the extracted high-dimensional features are sent to the classification module to obtain the predicted labels for the source and target domains.Finally,after confidence filtering,the true labels from the source domain and the prediction labels from the target domain are fed into a dynamically weighted multilevel feature alignment module to promote proximity between similar fault features across domains while enhancing separation among different fault types.The validity and superiority of the proposed method were demonstrated through simulation experiments conducted on two types of manned escalator systems under multiple working conditions.For the most challenging transfer task,the proposed method achieved higher accuracy on the target domain test set than DANN,ADDA,C-CLCN,TFA-CCN,and TFA-LCN by 26.87%,24.72%,11.44%,28.94%,and 16.85%,respectively.展开更多
The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the ini...The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the initial field quality and the forecasting accuracy of the model. This study assimilated FY-4B AGRI data into the CMA-MESO model and analyzed the bias characteristics and correction methods. Analysis of the AGRI data revealed a clear diurnal variation in the bias, which was positively correlated with the solar elevation angle. However, the diurnal variation in the bias lagged behind the solar elevation angle, likely owing to temperature changes and delayed instrument responses resulting from solar radiation. To address this issue, we propose a correction method that utilizes the solar elevation angle after an optimal time shift. Using the time-shifted solar elevation angle as a predictor effectively reduces the diurnal variation in bias and significantly improves the correction effect. This approach provides theoretical support for the assimilation of FY-4B AGRI data into mesoscale numerical weather predictions, thereby enhancing the reliability of the assimilation results.展开更多
Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentati...Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentation maps contain sparse and fragmented landslide regions under diverse geographical conditions.To address these issues,we propose a lightweight dual-stream siamese deep learning framework that integrates optical and topographical data fusion with an adaptive decoder,guided multimodal fusion,and deep supervision.The framework is built upon the synergistic combination of cross-attention,gated fusion,and sub-pixel upsampling within a unified dual-stream architecture specifically optimized for landslide segmentation,enabling efficient context modeling and robust feature exchange between modalities.The decoder captures long-range context at deeper levels using lightweight cross-attention and refines spatial details at shallower levels through attention-gated skip fusion,enabling precise boundary delineation and fewer false positives.The gated fusion further enhances multimodal integration of optical and topographical cues,and the deep supervision stabilizes training and improves generalization.Moreover,to mitigate checkerboard artifacts,a learnable sub-pixel upsampling is devised to replace the traditional transposed convolution.Despite its compact design with fewer parameters,the model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.Experiments on two benchmark datasets,Landslide4Sense and Bijie,confirm the effectiveness of the framework.On the Bijie dataset,it achieves an F1-score of 0.9110 and an intersection over union(IoU)of 0.8839.These results highlight its potential for accurate large-scale landslide inventory mapping and real-time disaster response.The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/mishaown/DiGATe-UNet-LandSlide-Segmentation(accessed on 3 November 2025).展开更多
Vertical ship lifts(VSLs)are widely used in navigation facilities worldwide because of their efficiency and low cost.Although several researchers have investigated fire evacuation strategies for reducing potential saf...Vertical ship lifts(VSLs)are widely used in navigation facilities worldwide because of their efficiency and low cost.Although several researchers have investigated fire evacuation strategies for reducing potential safety hazards in VSLs,an effective and integrated application of stairs and elevators when a fire occurs in a VSL is necessary.Several evacuation routes were analyzed according to VSL structure and evacuation times in this study.Objective function corresponding to the minimum vertical evacuation time and related simulation model was subsequently developed to obtain a cooperative evacuation plan considering different numbers of evacuees.The Three Gorges ship lift was used as an example,and simulation results indicate that number of evacuees and exit selection are the main influencing factors of the total evacuation time in the stair-and elevator-coordinated evacuation mode.Furthermore,the distance between people trapped in ship reception chamber and evacuation exits affects evacuees?choice of exits.The proposed model can provide a theoretical reference for evacuation research during initial fire events in VSLs.展开更多
The Himalayan monal(Lophophorus impejanus),Nepal’s national bird,is a protected species facing significant conservation challenges.Understanding the distribution and habitat preferences of the Himalayan monal(HM)is c...The Himalayan monal(Lophophorus impejanus),Nepal’s national bird,is a protected species facing significant conservation challenges.Understanding the distribution and habitat preferences of the Himalayan monal(HM)is crucial for its conservation.This study was conducted in the Langtang National Park(LNP),Nepal using the route census method during both winter(November/December 2022)and summer(June 2023)seasons to examine the seasonal variation in HM’s elevational distribution and habitat preference.Further,we assessed their conservation threats by conducting a semi-structured questionnaire survey with the local residents.During the winter period,the HMs preferred grassland habitats,while in the summer,their preference shifted to shrubland and barren area.HM abundance was negatively associated with the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the shortest distance from the survey trails in the winter.The HMs actively avoided areas with high anthropogenic pressure.In the summer,they showed a wider elevational range up to 4400 m above sea level(a.s.l.),with a higher sighting frequency between 3600 and 3900 m a.s.l.The questionnaire survey of the local residents revealed that anthropogenic pressure such as poaching and free-ranging livestock grazing are the major threats to the species in the study area.This study provides valuable insight into the complex habitat preferences and critical threats faced by the HMs in LNP and underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation action.展开更多
Developing alloys with exceptional strength-ductility combinations across a broad temperature range is crucial for advanced structural applications.The emerging face-centered cubic medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)demonstra...Developing alloys with exceptional strength-ductility combinations across a broad temperature range is crucial for advanced structural applications.The emerging face-centered cubic medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)demonstrate outstanding mechanical properties at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures.They are anticipated to extend their applicability to elevated temperatures,owing to their inherent advantages in leveraging multiple strengthening and deformation mechanisms.Here,a dual heterostructure,comprising of heterogeneous grain structure with heterogeneous distribution of the micro-scale Nb-rich Laves phases,is introduced in a CrCoNi-based MEA through thermo-mechanical processing.Additionally,a high-density nano-coherentγ’phase is introduced within the grains through isothermal aging treatments.The superior thermal stability of the heterogeneously distributed precipitates enables the dual heterostructure to persist at temperatures up to 1073 K,allowing the MEA to maintain excellent mechanical properties across a wide temperature range.The yield strength of the dual-heterogeneous-structured MEA reaches up to 1.2 GPa,1.1 GPa,0.8 GPa,and 0.6 GPa,coupled with total elongation values of 28.6%,28.4%,12.6%,and 6.1%at 93 K,298 K,873 K,and 1073 K,respectively.The high yield strength primar-ily stems from precipitation strengthening and hetero-deformation-induced strengthening.The high flow stress and low stacking fault energy of the dual-heterogeneous-structured MEA promote the formation of high-density stacking faults and nanotwins during deformation from 93 K to 1073 K,and their density increase with decreasing deformation temperature.This greatly contributes to the enhanced strainhardening capability and ductility across a wide temperature range.This study offers a practical solution for designing dual-heterogeneous-structured MEAs with both high yield strength and large ductility across a wide temperature range.展开更多
文摘With the continuous development and wide application of modern technology,more enterprises and institutions in our country have begun to strengthen the research and manufacturing of intelligent elevators,aiming to build a new mode of modern manufacturing with the concept of green development as the core.Therefore,this paper takes green manufacturing as the background,analyzes the design significance of intelligent elevator lightweight,expounds its design ideas,and in the end introduces its specific design practice path.
文摘Elevators are one of the most important elements of vertical communication used in buildings.Especially in recent times,where high and high rise buildings have become a modern architectural phenomenon and the spread of architecture has become a feature of the age.Hence,the research discusses the technique of installing elevators in buildings.A general introduction to elevators and their types will be discussed,as well as a historical overview of the beginning of the idea of the elevator and the first buildings that were used.The technique of installing the elevator inside the building explained with the images shown components elevator.Also it will mention several speeds of modern elevators used in buildings,the world’s fastest elevator,ultra-rope technology and the reasons for choosing this technique in elevator components in high-rise buildings which may be used in the space elevator that will connect earth and space.As well it shows features of the wire used in the elevators of the Burj-Khalifa,the highest skyscraper in the world.Then it mentions a number of the most recent and newest elevators in the world,then research results and references.
文摘The present work proposes a methodological approach for modeling decisions regarding energy reduction in an elevator. This is achieved with the integration of existing as well as acquired knowledge, in a decision module implemented in the electronics of an elevator. So far, elevators do not exploit information regarding their recent usage. In the developed system decisions are driven based on information arising from monitoring the use of the elevator. Monitoring provides various records of usage which consequently are used to predict elevator’s future usage and to adapt accordingly its functioning. Till now, there are only elevators that encompass in their electronics algorithms with if then rules in order to control elevator’s functioning. However, these if then rules are based only on good practice knowledge of similar elevators installed in similar buildings. Even this knowledge which unavoidably is associated with uncertainty is not encoded in a mathematically consisted way in the algorithms. The design, the implementation and a first pilot evaluation study of an elevator’s intelligent decision module are presented. The study concludes that the presented application sufficiently reduces energy consumption through properly controlled functioning.
基金Supported by the Principal Fund Project of Tarim University(TDZKSSZD201207)~~
文摘The aim of the study is to simulate actual operation of an elevator. First, it designed elevator scheduling algorithm for control ing operation of the elevator;second, it simulated elevator operation by the use of object-oriented programming language, in which double buffering technology was used to solve the problem of elevator pictures flicker at refreshing; final y, test correctness and rationality of the system.
文摘In the thunderstorm process on August 3,2016,among the nine elevators in a housing estate in the middle of Neijiang City,six elevators were damaged by lightning. In this study,the impact of lightning stroke on elevators was analyzed firstly,and then measures to protect elevators against lightning were proposed,which provides a practical basis for the improvement of protection of elevators against lightning.
基金This project is supported by State Scientific Project of the Tenth Five-year Plan of China(No.2002BA208B02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50305032).
文摘The computational flow rate feedback and control method, which can be used in proportional valve controlled hydraulic elevators, is discussed and analyzed. In a hydraulic elevator with this method, microprocessor receives pressure information from the pressure transducers and computes the flow rate through the proportional valve based on pressure-flow conversion real time algorithm. This hydraulic elevator is of lower cost and energy consumption than the conventional closed loop control hydraulic elevator whose flow rate is measured by a flow meter. Experiments arc carried out on a test rig which could simulate the load of hydraulic elevator. According to the experiment results, the means to modify the pressure-flow conversion algorithm are pointed out.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China,on“National Quality Infrastructure(NQI)”(Grant No.2023YFF0613101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)through Grant No.52108084.
文摘Elevators,as an enclosed and often crowded space,pose a high risk of airborne infections due to ineffective ventilation.To mitigate this issue,this study introduces a reinforced exhaust at low velocity(RELV)system,specifically designed to enhance aerosol removal efficiency in elevators.The performance of the RELV system was assessed through computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations,employing the Renormalization Group(RNG)k–εturbulence model to simulate airflow and the Lagrangian method to track particle motion.The RELV system was benchmarked against three conventional ventilation strategies:mixed ventilation(MV),displacement ventilation(DV),and local exhaust(Exhaust).Results demonstrated that the RELV system,optimized at a momentum ratio of 0.2,achieved a remarkable 72.9% aerosol removal efficiency within 120 s,significantly outperforming the 16.1%removal efficiency of the MV system under Scenario I,where the patient was located at the elevator’s center.Furthermore,the viral aerosol concentration in the breathing zone was reduced from 2.03×10^(-2) mg/cm^(3) in the MV system to 1.02×10^(-3) mg/cm^(3) in the RELV system.The RELV system features simple design and compatibility with existing ventilation systems,offering an effective solution to improve air quality in elevators and other enclosed environments.Additionally,this study provides a velocity decay curve for low-velocity jets in the RELV system.This curve offers valuable insights for designing ventilation systems in similar settings.
文摘Erratum to BUILD SIMUL,DOI 10.1007/s12273-025-1258-2.The name of the last author Runmin Zhao was incorrectly listed as Runming Zhao in the original online version of the article.The article has been updated with the correct name.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2200501).
文摘Climate warming is significantly altering the distribution of tree species,which holds crucial implications for China’s Larix species as they are important afforestation efforts.Understanding their optimal habitats and environmental constraints is vital for predicting range shifts and guiding adaptive forest management.Previous studies prioritized changing climate impacts on horizontal range shifts of Larix,neglecting the influence of soil factors and range shift along altitudinal gradients.To address this,we applied an optimized MaxEnt model to assess current and future SSP126/SSP585 scenarios,three-dimensional habitat suitability(latitude,longitude,altitude)for four major Larix species(L.principis-rupprechtii,L.gmelinii,L.kaempferi,L.olgensis),while identifying key environmental drivers.Our results indicate that elevation and extreme moisture conditions universally constrain their distribution.Soil chemistry properties exhibited species-specific influences:cation exchange capacity critically shaped L.principis-rupprechtii and L.gmelinii ranges,whereas exchangeable aluminum determined L.kaempferi and L.olgensis distribution.Under future climate scenarios,habitat areas show divergent trajectories-L.principis-rupprechtii maximum gains 5.1%under SSP126,while L.kaempferi maximum expands 15.1%.Conversely,SSP585 triggered a 3.7% decline for L.gmelinii during the 2040s−2100s,and L.olgensis faces a net reduction to 0.4% by 2100s despite transient gains.Spatially,three species(L.kaempferi,L.gmelinii,L.olgensis)shifted northward,while L.principis-rupprechtii migrated northwest.All species distribution ascended altitudinally reflecting thermal adaptation strategies.These multidimensional insights enable targeted species selection for climate-resilient afforestation and underscore the need for soil-inclusive management planning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401054)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(D2024205019)Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(BJ2025014).
文摘The dynamics of calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)in the forest floor and topsoil caused by anthropogenic and natural processes continue to be a concern in temperate forests.However,the impacts of abiotic and biotic variables as well as their interactions remain unclear,especially in areas undergoing long-term forest restoration.In this study,Ca and Mg concentrations in the forest floor and topsoil from 239 forest plots across the Loess Plateau were measured,and the effects of forest types,climate,soil properties,stand characteristics and nitrogen deposition were explored.The results showed significantly higher Ca concentrations in the forest floor(20.68±8.04 mg/g)than in the topsoil(13.28±12.83 mg/g),whereas Mg exhibited the inverse pattern(3.64±1.09 and 10.11±2.51 mg/g,respectively).The effect of forest types was only significant on forest floor Ca,and Ca concentrations were higher in broadleaf and mixed forests than in coniferous forests.Overall,Ca and Mg concentrations in forest floor and topsoil increased with latitudes while decreased with elevations,and the significance of the trends varied among forest types.Forest floor Ca and Mg were mainly influenced by environmental variables aboveground,i.e.,basal area(BA)and mean annual precipitation(MAP),respectively;topsoil Ca and Mg were more affected by soil properties(soil C/N and pH,respectively).Those suggested a depletion of Ca belowground was associated with forest growth and enriched soil nitrogen,and the leaching of mobile Mg was correlated with rainfall and soil acidification.Besides,the impact of environmental variables on Ca-Mg balance(Ca/Mg ratio)belowground was primarily through the regulation of Ca.Elucidating the influence of environmental variables will improve our ability to predict future changes in base cations and thus forest soil health in the greening vegetated Loess Plateau.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271584 and 31600445)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072,GK202103073)the National College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(202310718085)Special Research Project in Philosophy and Social Sciences of Shaanxi Province(2022HZ1795).
文摘Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42430511,U20A2083)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1300900)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(No.20210509037RQ,20230101348JC)。
文摘Elevation patterns and assembly processes of soil microbial community structures are essential for understanding biogeo-chemical processes in mountain systems.Differences in soil properties caused by elevation gradients can regulate the spatial distribu-tion and network complexity of the community structure.To explore the variations in soil microbial community structures and their as-sembly mechanisms across different elevations of the Changbai Mountains,as well as their responses to environmental factors,we col-lected microbial samples along an elevational gradient(seven elevations containing four vegetation zones)on the western slope of the Changbai Mountains using the method of metagenomic sequencing.The results showed a significant difference(P<0.05)for the Chao1 index across different elevations,but no significant difference was observed for the Shannon and Simpson indices.With increasing elev-ation,the number of nodes and links in the microbial network gradually decreased.Acidobacteria were highly connected to many nodes.The microbial communities indicated a significant distance-decay relationship(P<0.001)and were affected more by stochastic pro-cesses along the elevation gradient.The results of the Structural Equation Model(SEM)showed that elevation had direct significant ef-fect on carbon(C,P<0.01),nitrogen(N,P<0.01),and phosphorus(P,P<0.05)and weak negative effect on their ecological stoi-chiometry.Elevation was one of the major variables contributing to microbial network topology.The contribution of C and N to micro-bial network complexity was higher than that of P.Our study provides valuable insights into the responses of soil microbial communit-ies to elevation variations.
基金supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality(No.2023B1212120003)the Guangdong Talent Program(No.2023JC10N060)+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Program(No.2022B1212040001)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022660500250009604)。
文摘Increasing atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations from~280 ppm in the pre-industrial era to over 420 ppm today, and projected to exceed 550 ppm by 2050(IPCC, 2023), are transforming the biochemical context of plant metabolism,causing restructuring of carbon and nitrogen balance in crops. Though elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2)) increases photosynthetic efficacy and biomass accumulation in many C3crops, it also disrupts carbon-nitrogen balance, leading to nitrogen dilution in leaves and grains, eventually compromising food quality(Myers et al., 2014;Rezaei et al., 2023). Rice is a staple food that feeds nearly half of the world's population;it requires sustained yield gains, considering an estimated 35%-56%increase in demand by 2050, as the global population approaches 10 billion(Van Dijk et al., 2021), while reducing dependency on nitrogen fertilizers, whose production and overuse contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emission(Qian et al., 2023). Yet, most breeding programs remain regulated to present-day atmospheric conditions, overlooking the physiological and molecular adaptations required for future CO_(2)climates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52375255,51935007)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.24QB2705000)。
文摘Existing elevator fault diagnosis algorithms have limited engineering applicability due to variations in working conditions and differences in equipment structures.To address this limitation,this study proposes an unsupervised subdomain adaptation method based on a time-frequency feature attention mechanism,LMMD-based subdomain alignment,and contrastive local alignment.This enables the application of the diagnosis model across different working conditions and equipment types.First,a novel time-frequency feature attention mechanism assigns weights to vibration signals of varying dimensions.Second,the time series is transformed to obtain a three-channel time-frequency diagram.This diagram is input into the proposed dimension-segmentation cross-channel multihead self-attention framework to extract high-dimensional frequencydomain fault features.These features are concatenated with the time-domain features to obtain a global feature representation.Then,the extracted high-dimensional features are sent to the classification module to obtain the predicted labels for the source and target domains.Finally,after confidence filtering,the true labels from the source domain and the prediction labels from the target domain are fed into a dynamically weighted multilevel feature alignment module to promote proximity between similar fault features across domains while enhancing separation among different fault types.The validity and superiority of the proposed method were demonstrated through simulation experiments conducted on two types of manned escalator systems under multiple working conditions.For the most challenging transfer task,the proposed method achieved higher accuracy on the target domain test set than DANN,ADDA,C-CLCN,TFA-CCN,and TFA-LCN by 26.87%,24.72%,11.44%,28.94%,and 16.85%,respectively.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3004004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (42075155,12241104)National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund (U2342213)。
文摘The infrared channels of the FY-4B advanced geosynchronous radiation imagers(AGRI) play a crucial role in temperature and humidity analyses for mesoscale numerical weather prediction, particularly in enhancing the initial field quality and the forecasting accuracy of the model. This study assimilated FY-4B AGRI data into the CMA-MESO model and analyzed the bias characteristics and correction methods. Analysis of the AGRI data revealed a clear diurnal variation in the bias, which was positively correlated with the solar elevation angle. However, the diurnal variation in the bias lagged behind the solar elevation angle, likely owing to temperature changes and delayed instrument responses resulting from solar radiation. To address this issue, we propose a correction method that utilizes the solar elevation angle after an optimal time shift. Using the time-shifted solar elevation angle as a predictor effectively reduces the diurnal variation in bias and significantly improves the correction effect. This approach provides theoretical support for the assimilation of FY-4B AGRI data into mesoscale numerical weather predictions, thereby enhancing the reliability of the assimilation results.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 62262045the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,grant number 2023CDJYGRH-YB11the Open Funding of SUGON Industrial Control and Security Center,grant number CUIT-SICSC-2025-03.
文摘Automatic segmentation of landslides from remote sensing imagery is challenging because traditional machine learning and early CNN-based models often fail to generalize across heterogeneous landscapes,where segmentation maps contain sparse and fragmented landslide regions under diverse geographical conditions.To address these issues,we propose a lightweight dual-stream siamese deep learning framework that integrates optical and topographical data fusion with an adaptive decoder,guided multimodal fusion,and deep supervision.The framework is built upon the synergistic combination of cross-attention,gated fusion,and sub-pixel upsampling within a unified dual-stream architecture specifically optimized for landslide segmentation,enabling efficient context modeling and robust feature exchange between modalities.The decoder captures long-range context at deeper levels using lightweight cross-attention and refines spatial details at shallower levels through attention-gated skip fusion,enabling precise boundary delineation and fewer false positives.The gated fusion further enhances multimodal integration of optical and topographical cues,and the deep supervision stabilizes training and improves generalization.Moreover,to mitigate checkerboard artifacts,a learnable sub-pixel upsampling is devised to replace the traditional transposed convolution.Despite its compact design with fewer parameters,the model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.Experiments on two benchmark datasets,Landslide4Sense and Bijie,confirm the effectiveness of the framework.On the Bijie dataset,it achieves an F1-score of 0.9110 and an intersection over union(IoU)of 0.8839.These results highlight its potential for accurate large-scale landslide inventory mapping and real-time disaster response.The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/mishaown/DiGATe-UNet-LandSlide-Segmentation(accessed on 3 November 2025).
基金This study is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51609128)the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering(Grant No.2019KSD06).
文摘Vertical ship lifts(VSLs)are widely used in navigation facilities worldwide because of their efficiency and low cost.Although several researchers have investigated fire evacuation strategies for reducing potential safety hazards in VSLs,an effective and integrated application of stairs and elevators when a fire occurs in a VSL is necessary.Several evacuation routes were analyzed according to VSL structure and evacuation times in this study.Objective function corresponding to the minimum vertical evacuation time and related simulation model was subsequently developed to obtain a cooperative evacuation plan considering different numbers of evacuees.The Three Gorges ship lift was used as an example,and simulation results indicate that number of evacuees and exit selection are the main influencing factors of the total evacuation time in the stair-and elevator-coordinated evacuation mode.Furthermore,the distance between people trapped in ship reception chamber and evacuation exits affects evacuees?choice of exits.The proposed model can provide a theoretical reference for evacuation research during initial fire events in VSLs.
基金an MSc thesis research grant from the Zoological Society of London(ZSL)Nepal.RCK’s effort was supported in part by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs(ORIP)of the National Institutes of Health through grant number P51OD010425 to the Washington National Primate Research Center,USA。
文摘The Himalayan monal(Lophophorus impejanus),Nepal’s national bird,is a protected species facing significant conservation challenges.Understanding the distribution and habitat preferences of the Himalayan monal(HM)is crucial for its conservation.This study was conducted in the Langtang National Park(LNP),Nepal using the route census method during both winter(November/December 2022)and summer(June 2023)seasons to examine the seasonal variation in HM’s elevational distribution and habitat preference.Further,we assessed their conservation threats by conducting a semi-structured questionnaire survey with the local residents.During the winter period,the HMs preferred grassland habitats,while in the summer,their preference shifted to shrubland and barren area.HM abundance was negatively associated with the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the shortest distance from the survey trails in the winter.The HMs actively avoided areas with high anthropogenic pressure.In the summer,they showed a wider elevational range up to 4400 m above sea level(a.s.l.),with a higher sighting frequency between 3600 and 3900 m a.s.l.The questionnaire survey of the local residents revealed that anthropogenic pressure such as poaching and free-ranging livestock grazing are the major threats to the species in the study area.This study provides valuable insight into the complex habitat preferences and critical threats faced by the HMs in LNP and underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation action.
基金supported by the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.22JCQNJC01280)the Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development of Hebei Province(Nos.226Z1001G and 226Z1012G)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002109,52071124)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Developing alloys with exceptional strength-ductility combinations across a broad temperature range is crucial for advanced structural applications.The emerging face-centered cubic medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)demonstrate outstanding mechanical properties at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures.They are anticipated to extend their applicability to elevated temperatures,owing to their inherent advantages in leveraging multiple strengthening and deformation mechanisms.Here,a dual heterostructure,comprising of heterogeneous grain structure with heterogeneous distribution of the micro-scale Nb-rich Laves phases,is introduced in a CrCoNi-based MEA through thermo-mechanical processing.Additionally,a high-density nano-coherentγ’phase is introduced within the grains through isothermal aging treatments.The superior thermal stability of the heterogeneously distributed precipitates enables the dual heterostructure to persist at temperatures up to 1073 K,allowing the MEA to maintain excellent mechanical properties across a wide temperature range.The yield strength of the dual-heterogeneous-structured MEA reaches up to 1.2 GPa,1.1 GPa,0.8 GPa,and 0.6 GPa,coupled with total elongation values of 28.6%,28.4%,12.6%,and 6.1%at 93 K,298 K,873 K,and 1073 K,respectively.The high yield strength primar-ily stems from precipitation strengthening and hetero-deformation-induced strengthening.The high flow stress and low stacking fault energy of the dual-heterogeneous-structured MEA promote the formation of high-density stacking faults and nanotwins during deformation from 93 K to 1073 K,and their density increase with decreasing deformation temperature.This greatly contributes to the enhanced strainhardening capability and ductility across a wide temperature range.This study offers a practical solution for designing dual-heterogeneous-structured MEAs with both high yield strength and large ductility across a wide temperature range.
