As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pr...As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.展开更多
Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） has become an alternative method to experiments for understanding the fluid dynamics of multiphase flow. A two-fluid model, which contains additional terms in both the gas- and sol...Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） has become an alternative method to experiments for understanding the fluid dynamics of multiphase flow. A two-fluid model, which contains additional terms in both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, is used to investigate the fluidization quality in a fluidized bed. A case study for quartz sand with a density of 2,660 kg/m^3 and a diameter of 500 μm, whose physical property is similar to a new kind of catalyst for producing clean fuels through the residue fluid catalytic cracking process, is simulated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with 0.57 m width and 1.00 m height. Transient bubbling and collapsing characteristics are numerically investigated in the platform of CFX 4.4 by integrating user-defined Fortran subroutines. The results show that the fluidization and collapse process is in fair agreement with the classical theory of Geldart B classification, but the collapse time is affected by bubbles at the interface between the dense phase and freeboard.展开更多
Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s...Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in Well A indicates that the turbidites should have been transported from Vietnam instead of Hainan Island. This interpretation has also been verified by the planar maps of sedimentary systems based on integration of boreholes and seismic data. The identification of the turbidity provenance will benefit the evaluation of extensively distributed submarine fans for hydro-carbon exploration in the deepwater areas.展开更多
Computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations are adopted to investigate rectangular microchannel flows with various periodic micro-structured wall by introducing velocity slip boundary condition at low Reynolds num...Computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations are adopted to investigate rectangular microchannel flows with various periodic micro-structured wall by introducing velocity slip boundary condition at low Reynolds number. The purpose of the current study is to numerically find out the effects of periodic micro-structured wall on the flow resistance in rectangular microchannel with the different spacings between microridges ranging from 15 to 60 pm. The simulative results indicate that pressure drop with different spacing between microridges increases linearly with flow velocity and decreases monotonically with slip velocity; Pressure drop reduction also increases with the spacing between microridges at the same condition of slip velocity and flow velocity. The results of numerical simulation are compared with theoretical predictions and experimental results in the literatures. It is found that there is qualitative agreement between them.展开更多
The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computatio...The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software package Fluent 6.2, the mixing characteristics in a tank agitated by dual six-blade-Rushton-turbines（6-DT） are predicted using the detached eddy simulation（DES） method. A sliding mesh（SM） approach is adopted to solve the rotation of the impeller. The simulated flow patterns and liquid velocities in the agitated tank are verified by experimental data in the literature. The simulation results indicate that the DES method can obtain more flow details than Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS） model. Local and global mixing time in the agitated tank is predicted by solving a tracer concentration scalar transport equation. The simulated results show that feeding points have great influence on mixing process and mixing time. Mixing efficiency is the highest for the feeding point at location of midway of the two impellers. Two methods are used to determine global mixing time and get close result. Dimensionless global mixing time remains unchanged with increasing of impeller speed. Parallel, merging and diverging flow pattern form in the agitated tank, respectively, by changing the impeller spacing and clearance of lower impeller from the bottom of the tank. The global mixing time is the shortest for the merging flow, followed by diverging flow, and the longest for parallel flow. The research presents helpful references for design, optimization and scale-up of agitated tanks with multi-impeller.展开更多
A simple hydrodynamic model based on two-fluid theory, taking into account the effect of discrete particles on both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, was used to numerically investigate the pressure fluctua...A simple hydrodynamic model based on two-fluid theory, taking into account the effect of discrete particles on both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, was used to numerically investigate the pressure fluctuation characteristics in a gas-solid fluidized bed with the aid of CFX 4.4, a commercial CFD software package, by adding user-defined Fortran subroutines. Numerical simulations together with typical experimental measurements show that pressure fluctuations originate above the distributor when a gas pulse is injected into the fluidized bed. The pressure above the bubble gradually increases due to the presence of a rising bubble. When the bubble passes through the bed surface, the pressure near the bed surface gradually decreases to a lower value. Moreover, the pressure signals in the bubbling fluidized beds show obviously periodic characteristics. The major frequency of pressure fluctuations at the same vertical position is affected slightly by the operating gas velocity, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations is related to both the operating gas velocity and the vertical height. In this study, the influence of the operating gas velocity on the pressure wave propagation velocity can be ignored, and only two peak frequencies in the power spectrum of the pressure fluctuations are observed which are associated with the bubble formation above the distributor and its eruption at the bed surface.展开更多
In the radiant section of cracking furnace,the thermal cracking process is highly coupled with turbulent flow,heat transfer and mass transfer.In this paper,a three-dimensional simulation of propane pyrolysis reactor t...In the radiant section of cracking furnace,the thermal cracking process is highly coupled with turbulent flow,heat transfer and mass transfer.In this paper,a three-dimensional simulation of propane pyrolysis reactor tube is performed based on a detailed kinetic radical cracking scheme,combined with a comprehensive rigorous computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model.The eddy-dissipation-concept(EDC)model is introduced to deal with turbulence-chemistry interaction of cracking gas,especially for the multi-step radical kinetics.Considering the high aspect ratio and severe gradient phenomenon,numerical strategies such as grid resolution and refinement,stepping method and relaxation technique at different levels are employed to accelerate convergence.Large scale of radial nonuniformity in the vicinity of the tube wall is investigated.Spatial distributions of each radical reaction rate are first studied,and made it possible to identify the dominant elementary reactions.Additionally,a series of operating conditions including the feedstock feed rate,wall temperature profile and heat flux profile towards the reactor tubes are investigated.The obtained results can be used as scientific guide for further technical retrofit and operation optimization aiming at high conversion and selectivity of pyrolysis process.展开更多
Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recover...Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recovery ventilator and to investigate the effect of the air supply arrangement. Three types of mixing ventilation are chosen for the analysis of coupling ANSYS/FLUENT （a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program） with TRNSYS （a building energy simulation （BES） software）. The adoption of mutual complementary boundary conditions for CFD and BES provides more accurate and complete information of indoor air distribution and thermal performance in buildings. A typical office-space situated in a middle storey is chosen for the analysis. The office-space is equipped with air-conditioners on the ceiling. A heat recovery ventilation system directly supplies flesh air to the office space. Its thermal performance and indoor air distribution predicted by the coupled method are compared under three types of ventilation system. When the supply and return openings for ventilation are arranged on the ceiling, there is no critical difference between the predictions of the coupled method and BES on the energy consumption of HVAC because PID control is adopted for the supply air temperature of the occupied zone. On the other hand, approximately 21% discrepancy for the heat recovery estimation in the maximum between the simulated results of coupled method and BES-only can be obviously found in the floor air supply ventilation case. The discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of coupling CFD with BES when vertical air temperature gradient exists. Our future target is to estimate the optimum design of heat recovery ventilation system to control CO2 concentration by adjusting flow rate of flesh air.展开更多
The combustion of pulverized coal inevitably produces dust and other harmful substances.For these reasons,the optimization of de-dusting procedure and equipments is an aspect of crucial importance towards the final go...The combustion of pulverized coal inevitably produces dust and other harmful substances.For these reasons,the optimization of de-dusting procedure and equipments is an aspect of crucial importance towards the final goal of making this source of energy more sustainable.In the present work,the behaviour of a“bag filter”is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).More specifically,three possible approaches are used,differing with respect to the level of fidelity and the partial utilization of empirical data.The outcome of these simulations is mutually compared and finally discussed critically in the light of available experimental results.展开更多
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coa...Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coal Mining Abatement Technology Support Package(CMATSP), threedimensional CFD simulations were conducted to test and optimise a conceptual design which proposes using horizontal boreholes to replace vertical boreholes at an underground coal mine in Australia.Drainage performance between a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole was first carried out to compare their capacity and effectiveness. Then a series of cases with different horizontal borehole designs were simulated to optimise borehole configuration parameters such as location, diameter, and number of boreholes. The study shows that the horizontal borehole is able to create low pressure sinks that protect the workings from goaf gas ingresses by changing goaf gas flow directions, and that it has the advantage to continuously maintain such low pressure sinks near the tailgate as the longwall advances. An example of optimising horizontal borehole locations in the longwall lateral direction is also given in this paper.展开更多
The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Bas...The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Based on the multiphase macro-flow field,the key parameters of the micro-mixing E-model were obtained with solving the Reynolds-averaged transport equations of mixture fraction and its variance at low computational costs.Compared with experimental data,the multiphase numerical method shows the satisfactory predicting ability.For the gas–liquid system,the segregated reaction zone is mainly near the feed point,and shrinks to the exit of feed-pipe when the feed position is closer to the impeller.Besides,surface feed requires more time to completely exhaust the added H+solution than that of impeller region feed at the same operating condition.For the solid–liquid system,when the solid suspension cloud is formed at high solid holdups,the flow velocity in the clear liquid layer above the cloud is notably reduced and the reactions proceed slowly in this almost stagnant zone.Therefore,the segregation index in this case is larger than that in the dilute solid–liquid system.展开更多
Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) has recently emerged as an effective tool for the investigation of the hydraulic parameters and efficiency of tray towers.The computation domain was established for two types of orien...Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) has recently emerged as an effective tool for the investigation of the hydraulic parameters and efficiency of tray towers.The computation domain was established for two types of oriented valves within a tray and meshed into two parts with different grid types and sizes.The volume fraction correlation concerning inter-phase momentum transfer source was fitted based on experimental data,and built in UDF for simulation.The flow pattern of oriented valve tray under different operating conditions was simulated under Eulerian-Eulerian framework with realizable k-ε model.The predicted liquid height from CFD simulation was in good agreement with the results of pressure drop and volume fraction correlations.Meanwhile,the velocity distribution and volume fraction of the two phases were demonstrated and analyzed,which are useful in design and analysis of the column trays.展开更多
Some empirical mixing models were used to describe the imperfect mixing in precipitation process. However, the models can not, in general, reflect the details of interactions between mixing and crystallization in a ve...Some empirical mixing models were used to describe the imperfect mixing in precipitation process. However, the models can not, in general, reflect the details of interactions between mixing and crystallization in a vessel. In this study, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique were developed by simulating the precipitation of barium sulphate in stirred tanks by integration of population balance equations with a CFD solver. Two typical impellers, Rushton and pitched blade turbines, were employed for agitation. The influence of feed concentration and position on crystal product properties was investigated by CFD simulation. The scale-up of these precipitators was systematically studied. Significant effect on the crystal properties was found for the scale-up under some conditions.展开更多
In this study, a new mass model involving superheat, initial temperature, liquid height, evaporator diameter, and flashing time is established to describe the flash evaporation process of water film. Of 469 sets of fl...In this study, a new mass model involving superheat, initial temperature, liquid height, evaporator diameter, and flashing time is established to describe the flash evaporation process of water film. Of 469 sets of flash experimental data from three previous researches, 305 sets were applied to optimize parameters, and the other 164 sets were used to verify the practicability of the model. The results showed that the mean relative error between the literature data and the model values was less than 16.3%, and the model statistics proved that the model was well-posed. Then, the kinetic model was obtained using the time derivative of the new mass model. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of water film flash evaporation was studied based on a user-defined function program of the new evaporation kinetic model. The new kinetic model shows more consistency with the experimental phenomena in terms of evaporated mass and temperature compared with the evaporation–condensation model in Fluent software and Gopalakrishna's model. This new kinetic model can be extended to describe the flash process of water solution under other conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230847)+2 种基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242024RCB0036)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission(D2024FK156).
文摘As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.
基金support from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program,2005CB221205)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20490200 and 20576076)
文摘Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） has become an alternative method to experiments for understanding the fluid dynamics of multiphase flow. A two-fluid model, which contains additional terms in both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, is used to investigate the fluidization quality in a fluidized bed. A case study for quartz sand with a density of 2,660 kg/m^3 and a diameter of 500 μm, whose physical property is similar to a new kind of catalyst for producing clean fuels through the residue fluid catalytic cracking process, is simulated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with 0.57 m width and 1.00 m height. Transient bubbling and collapsing characteristics are numerically investigated in the platform of CFX 4.4 by integrating user-defined Fortran subroutines. The results show that the fluidization and collapse process is in fair agreement with the classical theory of Geldart B classification, but the collapse time is affected by bubbles at the interface between the dense phase and freeboard.
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of China under contract No.2011ZX05025-002-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476032,91028009 and 40806019
文摘Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in Well A indicates that the turbidites should have been transported from Vietnam instead of Hainan Island. This interpretation has also been verified by the planar maps of sedimentary systems based on integration of boreholes and seismic data. The identification of the turbidity provenance will benefit the evaluation of extensively distributed submarine fans for hydro-carbon exploration in the deepwater areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50435030)
文摘Computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations are adopted to investigate rectangular microchannel flows with various periodic micro-structured wall by introducing velocity slip boundary condition at low Reynolds number. The purpose of the current study is to numerically find out the effects of periodic micro-structured wall on the flow resistance in rectangular microchannel with the different spacings between microridges ranging from 15 to 60 pm. The simulative results indicate that pressure drop with different spacing between microridges increases linearly with flow velocity and decreases monotonically with slip velocity; Pressure drop reduction also increases with the spacing between microridges at the same condition of slip velocity and flow velocity. The results of numerical simulation are compared with theoretical predictions and experimental results in the literatures. It is found that there is qualitative agreement between them.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.15ZA0107)Doctor Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology(Grant No.11zx7162)
文摘The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software package Fluent 6.2, the mixing characteristics in a tank agitated by dual six-blade-Rushton-turbines（6-DT） are predicted using the detached eddy simulation（DES） method. A sliding mesh（SM） approach is adopted to solve the rotation of the impeller. The simulated flow patterns and liquid velocities in the agitated tank are verified by experimental data in the literature. The simulation results indicate that the DES method can obtain more flow details than Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS） model. Local and global mixing time in the agitated tank is predicted by solving a tracer concentration scalar transport equation. The simulated results show that feeding points have great influence on mixing process and mixing time. Mixing efficiency is the highest for the feeding point at location of midway of the two impellers. Two methods are used to determine global mixing time and get close result. Dimensionless global mixing time remains unchanged with increasing of impeller speed. Parallel, merging and diverging flow pattern form in the agitated tank, respectively, by changing the impeller spacing and clearance of lower impeller from the bottom of the tank. The global mixing time is the shortest for the merging flow, followed by diverging flow, and the longest for parallel flow. The research presents helpful references for design, optimization and scale-up of agitated tanks with multi-impeller.
基金support from National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB219801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20976191)+1 种基金International Cooperative Program of Guizhou Province([2009]700110)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-09-0342)
文摘A simple hydrodynamic model based on two-fluid theory, taking into account the effect of discrete particles on both the gas- and solid-phase momentum equations, was used to numerically investigate the pressure fluctuation characteristics in a gas-solid fluidized bed with the aid of CFX 4.4, a commercial CFD software package, by adding user-defined Fortran subroutines. Numerical simulations together with typical experimental measurements show that pressure fluctuations originate above the distributor when a gas pulse is injected into the fluidized bed. The pressure above the bubble gradually increases due to the presence of a rising bubble. When the bubble passes through the bed surface, the pressure near the bed surface gradually decreases to a lower value. Moreover, the pressure signals in the bubbling fluidized beds show obviously periodic characteristics. The major frequency of pressure fluctuations at the same vertical position is affected slightly by the operating gas velocity, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations is related to both the operating gas velocity and the vertical height. In this study, the influence of the operating gas velocity on the pressure wave propagation velocity can be ignored, and only two peak frequencies in the power spectrum of the pressure fluctuations are observed which are associated with the bubble formation above the distributor and its eruption at the bed surface.
基金Supported by the National Science&Technology Supporting Plan(2012BAF05B00)the National Basic Research Program(2012CB720500)
文摘In the radiant section of cracking furnace,the thermal cracking process is highly coupled with turbulent flow,heat transfer and mass transfer.In this paper,a three-dimensional simulation of propane pyrolysis reactor tube is performed based on a detailed kinetic radical cracking scheme,combined with a comprehensive rigorous computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model.The eddy-dissipation-concept(EDC)model is introduced to deal with turbulence-chemistry interaction of cracking gas,especially for the multi-step radical kinetics.Considering the high aspect ratio and severe gradient phenomenon,numerical strategies such as grid resolution and refinement,stepping method and relaxation technique at different levels are employed to accelerate convergence.Large scale of radial nonuniformity in the vicinity of the tube wall is investigated.Spatial distributions of each radical reaction rate are first studied,and made it possible to identify the dominant elementary reactions.Additionally,a series of operating conditions including the feedstock feed rate,wall temperature profile and heat flux profile towards the reactor tubes are investigated.The obtained results can be used as scientific guide for further technical retrofit and operation optimization aiming at high conversion and selectivity of pyrolysis process.
基金Project supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI for Young Scientists (S), 21676005)
文摘Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recovery ventilator and to investigate the effect of the air supply arrangement. Three types of mixing ventilation are chosen for the analysis of coupling ANSYS/FLUENT （a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program） with TRNSYS （a building energy simulation （BES） software）. The adoption of mutual complementary boundary conditions for CFD and BES provides more accurate and complete information of indoor air distribution and thermal performance in buildings. A typical office-space situated in a middle storey is chosen for the analysis. The office-space is equipped with air-conditioners on the ceiling. A heat recovery ventilation system directly supplies flesh air to the office space. Its thermal performance and indoor air distribution predicted by the coupled method are compared under three types of ventilation system. When the supply and return openings for ventilation are arranged on the ceiling, there is no critical difference between the predictions of the coupled method and BES on the energy consumption of HVAC because PID control is adopted for the supply air temperature of the occupied zone. On the other hand, approximately 21% discrepancy for the heat recovery estimation in the maximum between the simulated results of coupled method and BES-only can be obviously found in the floor air supply ventilation case. The discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of coupling CFD with BES when vertical air temperature gradient exists. Our future target is to estimate the optimum design of heat recovery ventilation system to control CO2 concentration by adjusting flow rate of flesh air.
文摘The combustion of pulverized coal inevitably produces dust and other harmful substances.For these reasons,the optimization of de-dusting procedure and equipments is an aspect of crucial importance towards the final goal of making this source of energy more sustainable.In the present work,the behaviour of a“bag filter”is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).More specifically,three possible approaches are used,differing with respect to the level of fidelity and the partial utilization of empirical data.The outcome of these simulations is mutually compared and finally discussed critically in the light of available experimental results.
基金the Department of Industry and Science,Australian Government for funding this researchthe management and staff of Glencore Bulga Underground Operations for their significant contributions in this project
文摘Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coal Mining Abatement Technology Support Package(CMATSP), threedimensional CFD simulations were conducted to test and optimise a conceptual design which proposes using horizontal boreholes to replace vertical boreholes at an underground coal mine in Australia.Drainage performance between a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole was first carried out to compare their capacity and effectiveness. Then a series of cases with different horizontal borehole designs were simulated to optimise borehole configuration parameters such as location, diameter, and number of boreholes. The study shows that the horizontal borehole is able to create low pressure sinks that protect the workings from goaf gas ingresses by changing goaf gas flow directions, and that it has the advantage to continuously maintain such low pressure sinks near the tailgate as the longwall advances. An example of optimising horizontal borehole locations in the longwall lateral direction is also given in this paper.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0301702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21808221,21776282,21938009)+3 种基金Major Research Plan of NSFC(91934301)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC030)the Key Research Program of Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry(No.E0010719)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS。
文摘The coupled CFD-E-model for multiphase micro-mixing was developed,and used to predict the micro-mixing effects on the parallel competing chemical reactions in semi-batch gas–liquid and solid–liquid stirred tanks.Based on the multiphase macro-flow field,the key parameters of the micro-mixing E-model were obtained with solving the Reynolds-averaged transport equations of mixture fraction and its variance at low computational costs.Compared with experimental data,the multiphase numerical method shows the satisfactory predicting ability.For the gas–liquid system,the segregated reaction zone is mainly near the feed point,and shrinks to the exit of feed-pipe when the feed position is closer to the impeller.Besides,surface feed requires more time to completely exhaust the added H+solution than that of impeller region feed at the same operating condition.For the solid–liquid system,when the solid suspension cloud is formed at high solid holdups,the flow velocity in the clear liquid layer above the cloud is notably reduced and the reactions proceed slowly in this almost stagnant zone.Therefore,the segregation index in this case is larger than that in the dilute solid–liquid system.
文摘Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) has recently emerged as an effective tool for the investigation of the hydraulic parameters and efficiency of tray towers.The computation domain was established for two types of oriented valves within a tray and meshed into two parts with different grid types and sizes.The volume fraction correlation concerning inter-phase momentum transfer source was fitted based on experimental data,and built in UDF for simulation.The flow pattern of oriented valve tray under different operating conditions was simulated under Eulerian-Eulerian framework with realizable k-ε model.The predicted liquid height from CFD simulation was in good agreement with the results of pressure drop and volume fraction correlations.Meanwhile,the velocity distribution and volume fraction of the two phases were demonstrated and analyzed,which are useful in design and analysis of the column trays.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20276047).
文摘Some empirical mixing models were used to describe the imperfect mixing in precipitation process. However, the models can not, in general, reflect the details of interactions between mixing and crystallization in a vessel. In this study, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique were developed by simulating the precipitation of barium sulphate in stirred tanks by integration of population balance equations with a CFD solver. Two typical impellers, Rushton and pitched blade turbines, were employed for agitation. The influence of feed concentration and position on crystal product properties was investigated by CFD simulation. The scale-up of these precipitators was systematically studied. Significant effect on the crystal properties was found for the scale-up under some conditions.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Special Fund of Marine Public Welfare Industry(No.20140508)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51478308)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.14JCYBJC23300)
文摘In this study, a new mass model involving superheat, initial temperature, liquid height, evaporator diameter, and flashing time is established to describe the flash evaporation process of water film. Of 469 sets of flash experimental data from three previous researches, 305 sets were applied to optimize parameters, and the other 164 sets were used to verify the practicability of the model. The results showed that the mean relative error between the literature data and the model values was less than 16.3%, and the model statistics proved that the model was well-posed. Then, the kinetic model was obtained using the time derivative of the new mass model. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of water film flash evaporation was studied based on a user-defined function program of the new evaporation kinetic model. The new kinetic model shows more consistency with the experimental phenomena in terms of evaporated mass and temperature compared with the evaporation–condensation model in Fluent software and Gopalakrishna's model. This new kinetic model can be extended to describe the flash process of water solution under other conditions.
