An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,...An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone precursors.展开更多
Water shortage has threatened sustainable development of agriculture globally as well as in the North China Plain（NCP）.Irrigation,as the most effective way to increase food production in dry land,may not be readily ...Water shortage has threatened sustainable development of agriculture globally as well as in the North China Plain（NCP）.Irrigation,as the most effective way to increase food production in dry land,may not be readily available in the situation of drought.One of the alternatives is to supply plants with enough nutrients so that they can be more sustainable to the water stress.The objective of this study was to explore effects of irrigation and sulphur（S）application on water consumption,dry matter accumulation（DMA）,and grain yield of winter wheat in NCP.Three irrigation regimes including no irrigation（rainfed,I0）during the whole growth period,once irrigation only at jointing stage（90 mm,I1）,and twice respective irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages（90 mm plus 90 mm,I2）,and two levels of S application including 0S0and 60 kg ha^–1（S60）were designed in the field experiment in NCP.Results showed that increasing irrigation times significantly increased mean grain yield of wheat by 12.5–23.7%and nitrogen partial factor productivity（NPFP）by 21.2–45.0%in two wheat seasons,but markedly decreased crop water use efficiency（YWUE）.Furthermore,S supply 60 kg ha^–1 significantly increased mean grain yield,YWUE,IWUE and NPFP by 5.6,6.1,23.2,and 5.6%（across two wheat seasons）,respectively.However,we also found that role of soil moisture prior to S application was one of important greater factors on improving the absorption and utilization of storage water and nutrients of soil.Thus,water supply is still the most important factor to restrict the growth of wheat in the present case of NCP,supplying 60 kg ha^–1 S with once irrigation 90 mm at the jointing stage is a relatively appropriate recommended combination to improve grain yield and WUE of wheat when saving water resources is be considered in irrigated wheat farmlands of NCP.展开更多
A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an eth...A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichlorometh- ane with an efficiency of 〉96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the efficiencies of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat（CRISPR）/Cas9-mediated gene knock-ins with zinc finger nucleases（ZFNs） and transcription activator-like effe...This study aimed to compare the efficiencies of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat（CRISPR）/Cas9-mediated gene knock-ins with zinc finger nucleases（ZFNs） and transcription activator-like effector nucleases（TALENs） in bovine and dairy goat fetal fibroblasts. To test the knock-in efficiency, a set of ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids were designed to edit the bovine myostatin（MSTN） gene at exon 2, while a set of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids were designed for editing the dairy goat β-casein gene at exon 2. Donor plasmids utilizing the ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 cutting sites were constructed in theGFP-PGK-Neo R plasmid background, including a 5′ and 3′ homologous arm flanking the genes humanized Fat-1（h Fat-1） or enhanced green fluorescent protein（eGFP）. Subsequently, the ZFNs, TALENs, or CRISPR/Cas9 and thehFat-1 or eGFP plasmids were co-transfected by electroporation into bovine and dairy goat fetal fibroblasts. After G418（Geneticin） selection, single cells were obtained by mouth pipetting, flow cytometry or a cell shove. The gene knock-in events were screened by PCR across the homologous arms. The results showed that in bovine fetal fibrobalsts, the efficiencies of ZFNs-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 13.68 and 0%, respectively. The efficiencies of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 77.02 and 79.01%, respectively. The eGFP gene knock-in efficiency using CRISPR/Cas9 was about 5.6 times higher than when using the ZFNs gene editing system. Additionally, thehFat-1 gene knock-in was only obtained when using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The difference of knockin efficiencies between the ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9 systems were extremely significant（P〈0.01）. In the dairy goat fetal fibroblasts, the efficiencies of TALENs-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 32.35 and 26.47%, respectively. Theefficiencies of eGFP and hFat-1 gene knock-ins using CRISPR/Cas9 were 70.37 and 74.29%, respectively. The knock-in efficiencies difference between the TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 systems were extremely significant（P〈0.01）. This study demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 was more efficient at gene knock-ins in domesticated animal cells than ZFNs and TALENs. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers a new era of precise gene editing in domesticated animal cell lines.展开更多
The efficiency enhancement of an InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） with an A1GaN/InGaN superlattice （SL） electron-blocking layer （EBL） is studied numerically, which involves the light-current performance curve, i...The efficiency enhancement of an InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） with an A1GaN/InGaN superlattice （SL） electron-blocking layer （EBL） is studied numerically, which involves the light-current performance curve, internal quan- tum efficiency electrostatic field band wavefunction, energy band diagram carrier concentration, electron current density, and radiative recombination rate. The simulation results indicate that the LED with an A1GaN/InGaN SL EBL has better optical performance than the LED with a conventional rectangular A1GaN EBL or a normal A1GaN/GaN SL EBL because of the appropriately modified energy band diagram, which is favorable ibr the injection of holes and confinement of elec- trons. Additionally, the efficiency droop of the LED with an AIGaN/InGaN SL EBL is markedly improved by reducing the polarization field in the active region.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands f...Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands for food production.However,undue N fertilizer application and the low N use efficiency(NUE)of modern wheat varieties are aggravating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration.Under nitrogen-limiting conditions,the rice(Oryza sativa)abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor1(are1)mutant exhibits increased NUE,delayed senescence and consequently,increased grain yield.However,the function of ARE1 ortholog in wheat remains unknown.Here,we isolated and characterized three TaARE1 homoeologs from the elite Chinese winter wheat cultivar ZhengMai 7698.We then used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to generate a series of transgene-free mutant lines either with partial or triple-null taare1 alleles.All transgene-free mutant lines showed enhanced tolerance to N starvation,and showed delayed senescence and increased grain yield in field conditions.In particular,the AABBdd and aabbDD mutant lines exhibited delayed senescence and significantly increased grain yield without growth defects compared to the wild-type control.Together,our results underscore the potential to manipulate ARE1 orthologs through gene editing for breeding of high-yield wheat as well as other cereal crops with improved NUE.展开更多
基金UGC(BSR)-India for givingfinancial support as JRF&SRF
文摘An efficient and facile synthesis of a library of hitherto novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-N-acetyl/N-propionylpyrazoline hybrids （16 examples） in excellent yields （90%-96%） has been accomplished from easily accessible 1,2,3-triazolyl chalcone precursors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272246)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2013BAD07B00, 2011BAD16B07 and 2015BAD26B01)the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201203096, 201203079 and 201203031)
文摘Water shortage has threatened sustainable development of agriculture globally as well as in the North China Plain（NCP）.Irrigation,as the most effective way to increase food production in dry land,may not be readily available in the situation of drought.One of the alternatives is to supply plants with enough nutrients so that they can be more sustainable to the water stress.The objective of this study was to explore effects of irrigation and sulphur（S）application on water consumption,dry matter accumulation（DMA）,and grain yield of winter wheat in NCP.Three irrigation regimes including no irrigation（rainfed,I0）during the whole growth period,once irrigation only at jointing stage（90 mm,I1）,and twice respective irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages（90 mm plus 90 mm,I2）,and two levels of S application including 0S0and 60 kg ha^–1（S60）were designed in the field experiment in NCP.Results showed that increasing irrigation times significantly increased mean grain yield of wheat by 12.5–23.7%and nitrogen partial factor productivity（NPFP）by 21.2–45.0%in two wheat seasons,but markedly decreased crop water use efficiency（YWUE）.Furthermore,S supply 60 kg ha^–1 significantly increased mean grain yield,YWUE,IWUE and NPFP by 5.6,6.1,23.2,and 5.6%（across two wheat seasons）,respectively.However,we also found that role of soil moisture prior to S application was one of important greater factors on improving the absorption and utilization of storage water and nutrients of soil.Thus,water supply is still the most important factor to restrict the growth of wheat in the present case of NCP,supplying 60 kg ha^–1 S with once irrigation 90 mm at the jointing stage is a relatively appropriate recommended combination to improve grain yield and WUE of wheat when saving water resources is be considered in irrigated wheat farmlands of NCP.
基金supported by the 100 Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21173226, 21376247)State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. MPCS-2011-D-08, MPCS-2010-C-02)
文摘A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichlorometh- ane with an efficiency of 〉96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.
基金supported by the National Transgenic Project of China (2016ZX08010001-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471001)+1 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Program, China (201502073)the National 863 Prgram of China (2009AA10Z111)
文摘This study aimed to compare the efficiencies of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat（CRISPR）/Cas9-mediated gene knock-ins with zinc finger nucleases（ZFNs） and transcription activator-like effector nucleases（TALENs） in bovine and dairy goat fetal fibroblasts. To test the knock-in efficiency, a set of ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids were designed to edit the bovine myostatin（MSTN） gene at exon 2, while a set of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids were designed for editing the dairy goat β-casein gene at exon 2. Donor plasmids utilizing the ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 cutting sites were constructed in theGFP-PGK-Neo R plasmid background, including a 5′ and 3′ homologous arm flanking the genes humanized Fat-1（h Fat-1） or enhanced green fluorescent protein（eGFP）. Subsequently, the ZFNs, TALENs, or CRISPR/Cas9 and thehFat-1 or eGFP plasmids were co-transfected by electroporation into bovine and dairy goat fetal fibroblasts. After G418（Geneticin） selection, single cells were obtained by mouth pipetting, flow cytometry or a cell shove. The gene knock-in events were screened by PCR across the homologous arms. The results showed that in bovine fetal fibrobalsts, the efficiencies of ZFNs-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 13.68 and 0%, respectively. The efficiencies of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 77.02 and 79.01%, respectively. The eGFP gene knock-in efficiency using CRISPR/Cas9 was about 5.6 times higher than when using the ZFNs gene editing system. Additionally, thehFat-1 gene knock-in was only obtained when using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The difference of knockin efficiencies between the ZFNs and CRISPR/Cas9 systems were extremely significant（P〈0.01）. In the dairy goat fetal fibroblasts, the efficiencies of TALENs-mediated eGFP andhFat-1 gene knock-ins were 32.35 and 26.47%, respectively. Theefficiencies of eGFP and hFat-1 gene knock-ins using CRISPR/Cas9 were 70.37 and 74.29%, respectively. The knock-in efficiencies difference between the TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 systems were extremely significant（P〈0.01）. This study demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 was more efficient at gene knock-ins in domesticated animal cells than ZFNs and TALENs. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers a new era of precise gene editing in domesticated animal cell lines.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61176043)the Special Funds for Provincial Strategic and Emerging Industries Projects of Guangdong,China (Grant Nos.2010A081002005,2011A081301003,and 2012A080304016)
文摘The efficiency enhancement of an InGaN light-emitting diode （LED） with an A1GaN/InGaN superlattice （SL） electron-blocking layer （EBL） is studied numerically, which involves the light-current performance curve, internal quan- tum efficiency electrostatic field band wavefunction, energy band diagram carrier concentration, electron current density, and radiative recombination rate. The simulation results indicate that the LED with an A1GaN/InGaN SL EBL has better optical performance than the LED with a conventional rectangular A1GaN EBL or a normal A1GaN/GaN SL EBL because of the appropriately modified energy band diagram, which is favorable ibr the injection of holes and confinement of elec- trons. Additionally, the efficiency droop of the LED with an AIGaN/InGaN SL EBL is markedly improved by reducing the polarization field in the active region.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202109)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit of Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(S2021ZD03)National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding。
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple food crop consumed by more than 30%of world population.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer has been applied broadly in agriculture practice to improve wheat yield to meet the growing demands for food production.However,undue N fertilizer application and the low N use efficiency(NUE)of modern wheat varieties are aggravating environmental pollution and ecological deterioration.Under nitrogen-limiting conditions,the rice(Oryza sativa)abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor1(are1)mutant exhibits increased NUE,delayed senescence and consequently,increased grain yield.However,the function of ARE1 ortholog in wheat remains unknown.Here,we isolated and characterized three TaARE1 homoeologs from the elite Chinese winter wheat cultivar ZhengMai 7698.We then used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis to generate a series of transgene-free mutant lines either with partial or triple-null taare1 alleles.All transgene-free mutant lines showed enhanced tolerance to N starvation,and showed delayed senescence and increased grain yield in field conditions.In particular,the AABBdd and aabbDD mutant lines exhibited delayed senescence and significantly increased grain yield without growth defects compared to the wild-type control.Together,our results underscore the potential to manipulate ARE1 orthologs through gene editing for breeding of high-yield wheat as well as other cereal crops with improved NUE.
