AIM:To evaluate the effects of polarized and nonpolarized sunglasses on visual functions,including distance and near visual acuity,phoria,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity across five spatial frequencies(1.5,3,6,12,...AIM:To evaluate the effects of polarized and nonpolarized sunglasses on visual functions,including distance and near visual acuity,phoria,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity across five spatial frequencies(1.5,3,6,12,18 cycles/degree).METHODS:A before-after study was conducted on 45 emmetropic students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,stereopsis and phoria were measured under three conditions:without sunglasses,with non-polarized sunglasses and with polarized sunglasses.Tests were conducted under controlled glare conditions to simulate outdoor environments.RESULTS:A total of 45 participants were evaluated,comprising 17 males(37.8%)and 28 females(62.2%).The mean age was 21.67±2.31y(range 18-27y).The mean of distance and near visual acuity in all three conditions were equal to 0.00 logMAR.Contrast sensitivity generally decreased slightly with the use of non-polarized sunglasses compared to the no-sunglasses condition.The mean stereopsis with polarized sunglasses was 101.33±56.139 arc sec,which was worse than the no-sunglasses condition(94.33±46.632 arc sec)and better than the non-polarized sunglasses condition(105.67±58.965 arc sec),although these changes were not significant.In the phoria parameter,distance phoria appeared more affected than near phoria.CONCLUSION:Polarized and non-polarized sunglasses do not significantly affect visual acuity,stereopsis,or phoria under controlled glare conditions.Slight changes in contrast sensitivity are noted,but they are not statistically significant.展开更多
Siamese tracking algorithms usually take convolutional neural networks(CNNs)as feature extractors owing to their capability of extracting deep discriminative features.However,the convolution kernels in CNNs have limit...Siamese tracking algorithms usually take convolutional neural networks(CNNs)as feature extractors owing to their capability of extracting deep discriminative features.However,the convolution kernels in CNNs have limited receptive fields,making it difficult to capture global feature dependencies which is important for object detection,especially when the target undergoes large-scale variations or movement.In view of this,we develop a novel network called effective convolution mixed Transformer Siamese network(SiamCMT)for visual tracking,which integrates CNN-based and Transformer-based architectures to capture both local information and long-range dependencies.Specifically,we design a Transformer-based module named lightweight multi-head attention(LWMHA)which can be flexibly embedded into stage-wise CNNs and improve the network’s representation ability.Additionally,we introduce a stage-wise feature aggregation mechanism which integrates features learned from multiple stages.By leveraging both location and semantic information,this mechanism helps the SiamCMT to better locate and find the target.Moreover,to distinguish the contribution of different channels,a channel-wise attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the important channels and suppress the others.Extensive experiments on seven challenging benchmarks,i.e.,OTB2015,UAV123,GOT10K,LaSOT,DTB70,UAVTrack112_L,and VOT2018,demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Specially,the proposed method outperforms the baseline by 3.5%and 3.1%in terms of precision and success rates with a real-time speed of 59.77 FPS on UAV123.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the postnatal development of parvalbumin(PV)-positive gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)interneurons and the co-expression of perineuronal nets(PNNs)and PV in the visual cortex of rats,as well as the reg...AIM:To investigate the postnatal development of parvalbumin(PV)-positive gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)interneurons and the co-expression of perineuronal nets(PNNs)and PV in the visual cortex of rats,as well as the regulatory effects of fluoxetine(FLX)treatment and binocular form deprivation(BFD)on these indices.METHODS:Wistar rats were assigned to three experimental cohorts:1)Age-related groups:postnatal week(PW)1,PW3,PW5,PW7,and PW9;2)FLX treatment duration groups:FLX 0W,FLX 2W,FLX 4W,FLX 6W,and FLX 8W;3)Intervention groups:control(Cont),FLX,BFD,and BFD+FLX.The levels of PNNs,PV,and PNNs/PV coexpression in the visual cortex were detected and analyzed.RESULTS:The density of PV-positive cells and the coexpression of PNNs and PV increased gradually with the maturation of the visual cortex(b=0.960,P<0.01).The ratio of PV-positive cells surrounded by PNNs to total PV-positive cells(PNNs+/PV+/total PV+)was significantly decreased in the FLX 4W group(χ^(2)=9.03,P=0.003).There was no significant difference in the PNNs+/PV+/total PV+ratio between the FLX and BFD groups(χ^(2)=1.08,P=0.161),but a significant difference was observed between the BFD+FLX group and the BFD group(χ^(2)=5.82,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The number of PV-positive neurons and PNNs-surrounded PV neurons in the rat visual cortex increases postnatally and reaches adult levels by postnatal week 7.Chronic FLX treatment downregulates these expressions.Combined 4-week FLX treatment and BFD exerts a more significant inhibitory effect on the PNNs+/PV+/total PV+ratio than either intervention alone.展开更多
AIM:To examine how three distinct central positioning techniques for anterior capsulotomy-pupil center,limbus center,and lens apex-affect intraocular lens(IOL)placement and visual quality following femtosecond laser-a...AIM:To examine how three distinct central positioning techniques for anterior capsulotomy-pupil center,limbus center,and lens apex-affect intraocular lens(IOL)placement and visual quality following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS).METHODS:A total of 36 patients(72 eyes)with age-related cataracts who underwent FLACS and ZCB00 aspherical IOL implantation at Aier Eye Hospital Medical Center,Anhui Medical University between January and December 2023 were included in this prospective study.Patients were divided into three groups based on the central positioning mode for anterior capsulotomy:pupil center,limbus center,and lens apex center groups.IOL alignment and displacement were evaluated using the Casia2 device,and the postoperative visual quality was assessed.RESULTS:At 1 d postoperatively,the IOL tilt for the pupil,limbus,and apex groups were 3.96°±1.51°,4.63°±1.87°,and 3.90°±2.24°,respectively(F=1.07,P=0.35);IOL decentration values were 0.21±0.10 mm,0.23±0.16 mm,and 0.21±0.12 mm,respectively(F=0.14,P=0.87);total higher-order aberrations were 0.32±0.40μm,0.56±0.61μm,and 0.53±0.60μm,respectively(F=1.38,P=0.26);and coma aberrations values were 0.13±0.10μm,0.16±0.15μm,and 0.14±0.15μm,respectively(F=0.3,P=0.74).All results obtained postoperative day 1 did not differ significantly.At 3 mo postoperatively,IOL tilt values were 5.42°±2.00°,3.96°±1.44°,and 3.20°±1.19°,respectively(F=12.40,P<0.001);IOL decentration values were 0.33±0.07 mm,0.23±0.11 mm,and 0.21±0.11 mm,respectively(F=4.99,P=0.008);total higher-order aberrations were 0.67±0.29μm,0.44±0.37μm,and 0.42±0.19μm,respectively(F=5.50,P=0.006);and coma aberrations values were 0.21±0.12μm,0.19±0.12μm,and 0.12±0.11μm,respectively(F=3.87,P=0.03).All results obtained 3 mo postoperatively were statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Using the lens apex as the central positioning mode for anterior capsulotomy in FLACS improves postoperative IOL stability and reduces postoperative IOL tilt and decentration.If the lens apex cannot be determined intraoperatively,the limbus center-positioning mode is recommended.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitre...BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment.Additionally,symptoms of ocular axis elongation,lens nucleus hardening,and vitreous liquefaction have become more prevalent.While conventional extracapsular cataract extraction is commonly employed,it often yields suboptimal visual outcomes.Subsequent advancements in cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation surgeries have gained widespread acceptance for their ability to improve refraction and significantly improve uncorrected visual acuity.AIM To investigate the effect of capsular treatment after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract.METHODS We selected 110 patients(with 134 eyes)with myopia and cataracts treated.These patients were categorized into two groups:an observation group(57 patients with 70 eyes)and a control group(53 patients with 64 eyes).The control group underwent cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation,while the observation group received a refined capsular treatment based on the control group’s procedure.We assessed the differences in visual acuity and quality between the two groups before and after surgery.RESULTS At six months post-operation,the observation group exhibited significantly improved far vision,intermediate vision,near vision,lower objective scattering index,higher Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency,and overall vision metrics at different contrast levels(100%,20%and 9%)compared to the control group(P<0.05).The total score of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the observation group at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group and control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Capsular treatment demonstrates efficacy in improving visual acuity and quality after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataracts,warranting its clinical application.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corr...AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions...Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perception is frequently impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Several patients exhibit visual or haptic hallucinations.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old Chinese man presented with visual and haptic h...BACKGROUND Perception is frequently impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Several patients exhibit visual or haptic hallucinations.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old Chinese man presented with visual and haptic hallucinations he had been experiencing for 2 weeks.The clinical manifestations were the feeling of insects crawling and biting the limbs and geison.He looked for the insects while itching and scratching,which led to skin breakage on the limbs.He was treated with topical and anti-allergic drugs in several dermatology departments without any significant improvement.After admission,the patient was administered risperidone(0.5 mg)and duloxetine(2 mg/day).One week later,the dose of risperidone was increased to 2 mg/day,and that of duloxetine was increased to 60 mg/day.After 2 weeks of treatment,the patient’s sensation of insects crawling and biting disappeared,and his mood stabilized.CONCLUSION This patient manifested psychiatric behavioral symptoms caused by AD brain atrophy.It was important to re-evaluate the patient’s cognitive-psychological status when the patient repeatedly went to the hospital for treatment.Follow-up attention to cognitive function and the consideration of perceptual deficits as early manifestations of AD should be considered.展开更多
The menstrual cycle has been a topic of interest in relation to behavior and cognition for many years, with historical beliefs associating it with cognitive impairment. However, recent research has challenged these be...The menstrual cycle has been a topic of interest in relation to behavior and cognition for many years, with historical beliefs associating it with cognitive impairment. However, recent research has challenged these beliefs and suggested potential positive effects of the menstrual cycle on cognitive performance. Despite these emerging findings, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the impact of the menstrual cycle on cognition, particularly in domains such as spatial reasoning, visual memory, and numerical memory. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and cognitive performance in these specific domains. Previous studies have reported mixed findings, with some suggesting no significant association and others indicating potential differences across the menstrual cycle. To contribute to this body of knowledge, we explored the research question of whether the menstrual cycles have a significant effect on cognition, particularly in the domains of spatial reasoning, visual and numerical memory in a regionally diverse sample of menstruating females. A total of 30 menstruating females from mixed geographical backgrounds participated in the study, and a repeated measures design was used to assess their cognitive performance in two phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular and luteal. The results of the study revealed that while spatial reasoning was not significantly related to the menstrual cycle (p = 0.256), both visual and numerical memory had significant positive associations (p < 0.001) with the luteal phase. However, since the effect sizes were very small, the importance of this relationship might be commonly overestimated. Future studies could thus entail designs with larger sample sizes, including neuro-biological measures of menstrual stages, and consequently inform competent interventions and support systems.展开更多
The retina,as part of the central nervous system is an ideal model to study the response of neurons to injury and disease and to test new treatments.During the last decade is becoming clear that unilateral lesions in ...The retina,as part of the central nervous system is an ideal model to study the response of neurons to injury and disease and to test new treatments.During the last decade is becoming clear that unilateral lesions in bilateral areas of the central nervous system trigger an inflammatory response in the contralateral uninjured site.This effect has been better studied in the visual system where,as a rule,one retina is used as experimental and the other as control.Contralateral retinas in unilateral models of retinal injury show neuronal degeneration and glial activation.The mechanisms by which this adverse response in the central nervous system occurs are discussed in this review,focusing primarily on the visual system.展开更多
In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report...In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report the observation of intrinsic topological Hall and topological Nernst effects below the Néel temperature(T_(N)=25 K)in the antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator Mn Bi_(2)Te_(4).The maximum of topological Hall resistivity reaches approximately 9μΩ·cm at 2 K,while the topological Nernst signal attains a peak value of 0.1μV/K near 10 K.These anomalous transport behaviors originate from the net Berry curvature induced by the non-collinear spin structure in the canted AFM state.Our results suggest a close connection between the topological thermoelectric effect and non-collinear AFM order in AFM topological insulators.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Conventional methods （such as occlusion therapy, fine manipulation, complementary, and alternative medicine） take effects slowly, are time and labor consuming, and have uncertain curative effects in the...BACKGROUND： Conventional methods （such as occlusion therapy, fine manipulation, complementary, and alternative medicine） take effects slowly, are time and labor consuming, and have uncertain curative effects in the treatment of amblyopia. Perceptual learning, a new method for treating amblyopia, improves the ability to process signals from the cerebral optic nerve system by specific visual stimulation and visual learning, as well as activation of the visual signal pathway utilizing brain nervous system plasticity. OBJECTIVE： This study investigated and evaluated the curative effects of perceptual learning, which can directionally increase brain plasticity, on the treatment of amblyopia in children. The relationship between curative effect and time was also analyzed. DESIGN： A self-control experiment. SETTING： Visual Science and Optometry Center, People＇s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 125 amblyopic children （250 amblyopic eyes）, 73 males, 52 females, averaging （6±2） years of age, received treatment at the Visual Science and Optometry Center, People＇s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between September 2006 and February 2007 and were recruited for this study. All children presented with no structural disease of the eyeballs. Written informed consent for therapeutic regiments was obtained from each child＇s parent. The protocol received approval from the Hospital＇s Ethics Committee. METHODS： Visual function was tested with a perceptual learning system （Research Center for Human Health and Development of Sun Yat-sen University, National Engineering Technique Research Center for Medical Care Implement） for visual noise, position noise, contour discrimination, contrast sensitivity, grating stereogram, and random-dot fusion. These tests helped to evaluate the efficiency of visual information processing of these children, and to determine the degree of defects of the optic nerve cells and the connections of visual cortical neurons. According to results of visual function tests, individualized treatment was adopted for each amblyopia patient using perceptual learning system. One course of treatment lasted one month, and treatment was performed twice every day with two training procedures （each training procedure lasted for ten minutes）. There was a ten-minute time interval between the two training procedures. The training treatment was performed in a quiet and dark environment. Visual acuity and recovery of visual function were tested every month. Original training procedure was continued or adjusted according to the results of visual function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Visual function change; relationship of curative effects and curative time. RESULTS： A total of 125 amblyopia children were included in the final analysis. The total efficiency of perceptual learning for treating amblyopia in children was 75.2%. Visual acuity began to greatly increase 3 months after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. Visual acuity was best corrected from 0.60 ± 0.23 before treatment to 0.86 ± 0.26 after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The mean time to reach improved levels with curative effects was （2.82 ± 1.30） months, and to reach a basically cured level was （2.87 ±1.40） months. Percentage of improved visual acuity was the highest [98% （39/40）] in children that received 3 months of treatment and the lowest [55% （31/56）] in children that received 1 month of treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of basically cured levels with curative effects increased with length of learning time and was the greatest in children that received 4 months of treatment [67% （31/46）, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Perceptual learning rapidly and remarkably improves visual function of amblyopia children; however, the curative effects are first apparent two and three months after intervention.展开更多
AIM:To explore the effect of visual perception learning software training(VPT)on binocular visual function reconstruction in children with intermittent exotropia after strabismus surgery.METHODS:Ninety children with i...AIM:To explore the effect of visual perception learning software training(VPT)on binocular visual function reconstruction in children with intermittent exotropia after strabismus surgery.METHODS:Ninety children with intermittent exotropia admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to December 2018 were included,and randomly divided into VPT and control groups.Children in the control group received basic binocular vision training,while those in the VPT group received VPT after strabismus surgery.Tertiary visual function,visual perception function,Newcastle Control Score(NCS),and ocular position retraction rate were compared at 3 and 12mo after the surgery.RESULTS:At 3 and 12mo after the surgery,the proportion of simultaneous perception,binocular fusion version and binocular stereo vision in the VPT group was conspicuously higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After the vision training,the binocular visual perception functions of children in both groups were significantly improved compared with that before training(P<0.05).Interestingly,the grating sharpness,texture perception and texture motion perception in the VPT group were dramatically better than control group(P<0.01).The NCS in the VPT group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The ocular position retraction rate in the VPT group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12mo(8.89%vs 26.67%,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:VPT effectively promotes binocular visual function reconstruction in intermittent exotropia children after strabismus surgery and reduces the strabismus severity and ocular position retraction rate.展开更多
AIM： To detect the relationship between infusion pressure and postoperative ganglion cells function.METHODS： This prospective observational cohort study included sixty-one eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract ...AIM： To detect the relationship between infusion pressure and postoperative ganglion cells function.METHODS： This prospective observational cohort study included sixty-one eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to infusion time（IT） recorded using surgery equipment [Group A： IT〉IT_（mean）（27 eyes）; Group B： IT展开更多
To explore the effect of the location of a visual stimulus on neural responses in the primary visual cortex （V1）, a micro-electromechanical system-based microelectrode array with nine channels was implanted on the c...To explore the effect of the location of a visual stimulus on neural responses in the primary visual cortex （V1）, a micro-electromechanical system-based microelectrode array with nine channels was implanted on the cerebral dura mater of V1 in adult cats. 2 Hz pattern reversal checkerboard stimul were used to stimulate the four visual quadrants （i.e., upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right fields）. The results showed that there was a N75 component of the visual evoked potential around 50-80 ms after the onset of a checkerboard stimulus, and the onset of these N75 peaks varied with different stimulus locations. The checkerboard stimuli Jnduced shorter latencJes in the contralateral V1 than in the ipsilateral V1, while the checkerboard stimulus in the upper half visual field induced shorter latencies for N75. These results suggested that the pattern-reversal stimuli induced neural activities in V1 that can be recorded with multichannel microelectrodes, and more detailed temporal and spatial properties can be measured.展开更多
Runge-Kutta scheme is one of the versatile numerical tools for the simulation of engineering systems. Despite its wide and acceptable engineering use, there is dearth of relevant literature bordering on visual impress...Runge-Kutta scheme is one of the versatile numerical tools for the simulation of engineering systems. Despite its wide and acceptable engineering use, there is dearth of relevant literature bordering on visual impression possibility among different schemes coefficients which is the strong motivation for the present investigation of the third and fourth order schemes. The present study capitalise on results of tedious computation involving Taylor series expansion equivalent supplemented with Butcher assumptions and constraint equations of well-known works which captures the essential relationship between the coefficients. The simulation proceeds from random but valid specification of two out of the total coefficients possible per scheme. However the remaining coefficients are evaluated with application of appropriate function relationship. Eight and thirteen unknown coefficients were simulated respectively for third and fourth schemes over a total of five thousand cases each for relevant distribution statistics and scatter plots analysis for the purpose of scheme comparison and visual import. The respective three and four coefficients of the slope estimate for the third and fourth schemes have mix sign for large number of simulated cases. However, none of the two schemes have above three of these coefficients lesser than zero. The percentages of simulation results with two coefficients lesser than zero dominate and are respectively 56.88 and 77.10 for third and fourth schemes. It was observed that both popular third and fourth schemes belong to none of the coefficients being zero classification with respective percentage of 0.72 and 3.28 intotal simulated cases. The comparisons of corresponding scatter plots are visually exciting. The overall difference between corresponding scatter plots and distribution results can be used to justify the accuracy of fourth scheme over its counterpart third scheme.展开更多
Objective: to study the clinical application effect of visual painless artificial abortion and conventional artificial abortion in artificial abortion. Methods: during the period from January 2018 to January 2020, 100...Objective: to study the clinical application effect of visual painless artificial abortion and conventional artificial abortion in artificial abortion. Methods: during the period from January 2018 to January 2020, 100 pregnant women who underwent artificial abortion in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 in each group. The pregnant women in the observation group underwent visual painless artificial abortion, while those in the control group underwent conventional painless artificial abortion. The postoperative recovery, abortion and the probability of complications of the two groups were observed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two surgical methods were analyzed. Results: comparing the data of the two groups, it can be seen that the operation time of abortion in the observation group is less than that in the control group, and the amount of hemorrhage in the operation is also less than that in the control group. The incidence of complications in the observation group is lower than that in the control group, and the satisfaction degree of pregnant women and their families to the operation is higher than that in the control group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: visual painless artificial abortion surgery can effectively increase the therapeutic effect compared with conventional abortion surgery, with shorter operation time, less bleeding during the operation and higher safety. It can also reduce complications and alleviate the pain of pregnant women, and is very worthy of promotion and use.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on the N2-P2 wave of the flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in rats of the of the transverse directional pulling model.Methods:Thirty-six Wist...Objective:To investigate the effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on the N2-P2 wave of the flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in rats of the of the transverse directional pulling model.Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly grouped,nine were in normal control group without any treatment,and the remaining 27 were surgically modelled in the right eyes.Eighteen of these rats were randomly divided into a Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group and a model group of nine rats each after the TON model was made using the transverse quantitative retraction method.The other 9 rats were sham-operated,and only the optic nerve was exposed without retraction.On the next day of modelling,the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was treated with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy for 20 minutes/1 time/1 day for 14 days.The model group,sham-operated group and normal control group were not intervened.Wei's triple nine acupoints were represented as follows:1st link:"Jingming"(BL1)and"Chengqi"(ST1);2nd link:"Sizhukong"(SJ23)penetrating"Taiyang"(EX-HN5);and the third:"Fengchi"(GB 20)and"Taichong"(LV3).The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.Results:Compared with the model group,the N2 wave latency and P2 wave latency were shortened in the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on 1d(P<0.05,P<0.01);on 7d,their N2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.01)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased compared with the model group(P<0.05);on 14d,their P2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.05)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased.There was no statistical difference in N2 wave latency,P2 wave latency and N2-P2 wave amplitude in the sham-operated group on 1d,7d and 14d(P>0.05).The delayed N2 and P2 wave latencies in the model group did not improve from 1d to 14d(P>0.05)and the amplitude decreased throughout,showing a significant difference on 14d compared to 1d(P<0.05).In contrast,the N2 wave latency in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was not significantly different until 7d to 14d(P<0.05);its P2 wave latency,although significantly delayed from 1d to 7d(P<0.05),recovered on 14d and reached a level that was not statistically different from 1d and 7d(P>0.05).There was also no significant decrease in N2-P2 wave amplitude between 1d and 14d in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this experiment,the TON rat model was successfully established by the transverse quantitative retraction method,and the treatment of TON rats with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy reduced the P2 wave delay of the FVEP electrophysiological signal and increased the N2-P2 amplitude,which had a certain positive effect on the repair of optic nerve injury,probably related to its effect of improving the conduction function of the optic nerve and protecting the retinal ganglion cells that had not been degenerated and necrosed.展开更多
Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework f...Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework for embodied visual exploration that possesses the efficient exploration capabilities of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based exploration policies and leverages feature-based visual odometry(VO) for more accurate mapping and positioning results. An improved local policy is also proposed to reduce tracking failures of feature-based VO in weakly textured scenes through a refined multi-discrete action space, keyframe fusion, and an auxiliary task. The experimental results demonstrate that Ne OR has better mapping and positioning accuracy compared to other entirely learning-based exploration frameworks and improves the robustness of feature-based VO by significantly reducing tracking failures in weakly textured scenes.展开更多
Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and e...Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of polarized and nonpolarized sunglasses on visual functions,including distance and near visual acuity,phoria,stereopsis and contrast sensitivity across five spatial frequencies(1.5,3,6,12,18 cycles/degree).METHODS:A before-after study was conducted on 45 emmetropic students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,stereopsis and phoria were measured under three conditions:without sunglasses,with non-polarized sunglasses and with polarized sunglasses.Tests were conducted under controlled glare conditions to simulate outdoor environments.RESULTS:A total of 45 participants were evaluated,comprising 17 males(37.8%)and 28 females(62.2%).The mean age was 21.67±2.31y(range 18-27y).The mean of distance and near visual acuity in all three conditions were equal to 0.00 logMAR.Contrast sensitivity generally decreased slightly with the use of non-polarized sunglasses compared to the no-sunglasses condition.The mean stereopsis with polarized sunglasses was 101.33±56.139 arc sec,which was worse than the no-sunglasses condition(94.33±46.632 arc sec)and better than the non-polarized sunglasses condition(105.67±58.965 arc sec),although these changes were not significant.In the phoria parameter,distance phoria appeared more affected than near phoria.CONCLUSION:Polarized and non-polarized sunglasses do not significantly affect visual acuity,stereopsis,or phoria under controlled glare conditions.Slight changes in contrast sensitivity are noted,but they are not statistically significant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62033007)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023ZD37).
文摘Siamese tracking algorithms usually take convolutional neural networks(CNNs)as feature extractors owing to their capability of extracting deep discriminative features.However,the convolution kernels in CNNs have limited receptive fields,making it difficult to capture global feature dependencies which is important for object detection,especially when the target undergoes large-scale variations or movement.In view of this,we develop a novel network called effective convolution mixed Transformer Siamese network(SiamCMT)for visual tracking,which integrates CNN-based and Transformer-based architectures to capture both local information and long-range dependencies.Specifically,we design a Transformer-based module named lightweight multi-head attention(LWMHA)which can be flexibly embedded into stage-wise CNNs and improve the network’s representation ability.Additionally,we introduce a stage-wise feature aggregation mechanism which integrates features learned from multiple stages.By leveraging both location and semantic information,this mechanism helps the SiamCMT to better locate and find the target.Moreover,to distinguish the contribution of different channels,a channel-wise attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the important channels and suppress the others.Extensive experiments on seven challenging benchmarks,i.e.,OTB2015,UAV123,GOT10K,LaSOT,DTB70,UAVTrack112_L,and VOT2018,demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.Specially,the proposed method outperforms the baseline by 3.5%and 3.1%in terms of precision and success rates with a real-time speed of 59.77 FPS on UAV123.
基金Supported by the Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.SKY2023175)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection+6 种基金Soochow University(No.GZK1202309)the Advantage Subject Lifting Project(No.XKTJ-XK202412)the Suzhou Science and Education for Strengthening Healthcare(No.MSXM2024010)the Suzhou Medical Key Supported Disciplines(No.SZFCXK202118)the Youth Scientific Research Fund Project of Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2024QNJJ06)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX23_1673)the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Soochow University(No.202310285162Y).
文摘AIM:To investigate the postnatal development of parvalbumin(PV)-positive gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)interneurons and the co-expression of perineuronal nets(PNNs)and PV in the visual cortex of rats,as well as the regulatory effects of fluoxetine(FLX)treatment and binocular form deprivation(BFD)on these indices.METHODS:Wistar rats were assigned to three experimental cohorts:1)Age-related groups:postnatal week(PW)1,PW3,PW5,PW7,and PW9;2)FLX treatment duration groups:FLX 0W,FLX 2W,FLX 4W,FLX 6W,and FLX 8W;3)Intervention groups:control(Cont),FLX,BFD,and BFD+FLX.The levels of PNNs,PV,and PNNs/PV coexpression in the visual cortex were detected and analyzed.RESULTS:The density of PV-positive cells and the coexpression of PNNs and PV increased gradually with the maturation of the visual cortex(b=0.960,P<0.01).The ratio of PV-positive cells surrounded by PNNs to total PV-positive cells(PNNs+/PV+/total PV+)was significantly decreased in the FLX 4W group(χ^(2)=9.03,P=0.003).There was no significant difference in the PNNs+/PV+/total PV+ratio between the FLX and BFD groups(χ^(2)=1.08,P=0.161),but a significant difference was observed between the BFD+FLX group and the BFD group(χ^(2)=5.82,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The number of PV-positive neurons and PNNs-surrounded PV neurons in the rat visual cortex increases postnatally and reaches adult levels by postnatal week 7.Chronic FLX treatment downregulates these expressions.Combined 4-week FLX treatment and BFD exerts a more significant inhibitory effect on the PNNs+/PV+/total PV+ratio than either intervention alone.
文摘AIM:To examine how three distinct central positioning techniques for anterior capsulotomy-pupil center,limbus center,and lens apex-affect intraocular lens(IOL)placement and visual quality following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS).METHODS:A total of 36 patients(72 eyes)with age-related cataracts who underwent FLACS and ZCB00 aspherical IOL implantation at Aier Eye Hospital Medical Center,Anhui Medical University between January and December 2023 were included in this prospective study.Patients were divided into three groups based on the central positioning mode for anterior capsulotomy:pupil center,limbus center,and lens apex center groups.IOL alignment and displacement were evaluated using the Casia2 device,and the postoperative visual quality was assessed.RESULTS:At 1 d postoperatively,the IOL tilt for the pupil,limbus,and apex groups were 3.96°±1.51°,4.63°±1.87°,and 3.90°±2.24°,respectively(F=1.07,P=0.35);IOL decentration values were 0.21±0.10 mm,0.23±0.16 mm,and 0.21±0.12 mm,respectively(F=0.14,P=0.87);total higher-order aberrations were 0.32±0.40μm,0.56±0.61μm,and 0.53±0.60μm,respectively(F=1.38,P=0.26);and coma aberrations values were 0.13±0.10μm,0.16±0.15μm,and 0.14±0.15μm,respectively(F=0.3,P=0.74).All results obtained postoperative day 1 did not differ significantly.At 3 mo postoperatively,IOL tilt values were 5.42°±2.00°,3.96°±1.44°,and 3.20°±1.19°,respectively(F=12.40,P<0.001);IOL decentration values were 0.33±0.07 mm,0.23±0.11 mm,and 0.21±0.11 mm,respectively(F=4.99,P=0.008);total higher-order aberrations were 0.67±0.29μm,0.44±0.37μm,and 0.42±0.19μm,respectively(F=5.50,P=0.006);and coma aberrations values were 0.21±0.12μm,0.19±0.12μm,and 0.12±0.11μm,respectively(F=3.87,P=0.03).All results obtained 3 mo postoperatively were statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Using the lens apex as the central positioning mode for anterior capsulotomy in FLACS improves postoperative IOL stability and reduces postoperative IOL tilt and decentration.If the lens apex cannot be determined intraoperatively,the limbus center-positioning mode is recommended.
文摘BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment.Additionally,symptoms of ocular axis elongation,lens nucleus hardening,and vitreous liquefaction have become more prevalent.While conventional extracapsular cataract extraction is commonly employed,it often yields suboptimal visual outcomes.Subsequent advancements in cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation surgeries have gained widespread acceptance for their ability to improve refraction and significantly improve uncorrected visual acuity.AIM To investigate the effect of capsular treatment after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract.METHODS We selected 110 patients(with 134 eyes)with myopia and cataracts treated.These patients were categorized into two groups:an observation group(57 patients with 70 eyes)and a control group(53 patients with 64 eyes).The control group underwent cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation,while the observation group received a refined capsular treatment based on the control group’s procedure.We assessed the differences in visual acuity and quality between the two groups before and after surgery.RESULTS At six months post-operation,the observation group exhibited significantly improved far vision,intermediate vision,near vision,lower objective scattering index,higher Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency,and overall vision metrics at different contrast levels(100%,20%and 9%)compared to the control group(P<0.05).The total score of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the observation group at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group and control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Capsular treatment demonstrates efficacy in improving visual acuity and quality after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataracts,warranting its clinical application.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (070413138)the Key Research Foundation of Anhui Province Education Department (KJ2009A167)
文摘Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.
文摘BACKGROUND Perception is frequently impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Several patients exhibit visual or haptic hallucinations.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old Chinese man presented with visual and haptic hallucinations he had been experiencing for 2 weeks.The clinical manifestations were the feeling of insects crawling and biting the limbs and geison.He looked for the insects while itching and scratching,which led to skin breakage on the limbs.He was treated with topical and anti-allergic drugs in several dermatology departments without any significant improvement.After admission,the patient was administered risperidone(0.5 mg)and duloxetine(2 mg/day).One week later,the dose of risperidone was increased to 2 mg/day,and that of duloxetine was increased to 60 mg/day.After 2 weeks of treatment,the patient’s sensation of insects crawling and biting disappeared,and his mood stabilized.CONCLUSION This patient manifested psychiatric behavioral symptoms caused by AD brain atrophy.It was important to re-evaluate the patient’s cognitive-psychological status when the patient repeatedly went to the hospital for treatment.Follow-up attention to cognitive function and the consideration of perceptual deficits as early manifestations of AD should be considered.
文摘The menstrual cycle has been a topic of interest in relation to behavior and cognition for many years, with historical beliefs associating it with cognitive impairment. However, recent research has challenged these beliefs and suggested potential positive effects of the menstrual cycle on cognitive performance. Despite these emerging findings, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the impact of the menstrual cycle on cognition, particularly in domains such as spatial reasoning, visual memory, and numerical memory. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the menstrual cycle and cognitive performance in these specific domains. Previous studies have reported mixed findings, with some suggesting no significant association and others indicating potential differences across the menstrual cycle. To contribute to this body of knowledge, we explored the research question of whether the menstrual cycles have a significant effect on cognition, particularly in the domains of spatial reasoning, visual and numerical memory in a regionally diverse sample of menstruating females. A total of 30 menstruating females from mixed geographical backgrounds participated in the study, and a repeated measures design was used to assess their cognitive performance in two phases of the menstrual cycle: follicular and luteal. The results of the study revealed that while spatial reasoning was not significantly related to the menstrual cycle (p = 0.256), both visual and numerical memory had significant positive associations (p < 0.001) with the luteal phase. However, since the effect sizes were very small, the importance of this relationship might be commonly overestimated. Future studies could thus entail designs with larger sample sizes, including neuro-biological measures of menstrual stages, and consequently inform competent interventions and support systems.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional“Una manera de hacer Europa”(PI19/00071[to MAB],PID2019-106498GB-I00[to MVS],RD16/0008/0026[to MVS]and RD16/0008/0016[to MVS])the Fundación Séneca,Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia(19881/GERM/15)(to MVS).
文摘The retina,as part of the central nervous system is an ideal model to study the response of neurons to injury and disease and to test new treatments.During the last decade is becoming clear that unilateral lesions in bilateral areas of the central nervous system trigger an inflammatory response in the contralateral uninjured site.This effect has been better studied in the visual system where,as a rule,one retina is used as experimental and the other as control.Contralateral retinas in unilateral models of retinal injury show neuronal degeneration and glial activation.The mechanisms by which this adverse response in the central nervous system occurs are discussed in this review,focusing primarily on the visual system.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1932155)the Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LHZSZ24A040001)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602602)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403800 and 20-23YFA1406500)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023-M730011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274459)supported by the HZNU Scientific Research and Innovation Team Project(No.TD2025013)。
文摘In magnetic topological materials,the interplay between magnetism and nontrivial topology gives rise to exotic quantum transport phenomena,including the anomalous Hall effect and anomalous Nernst effect.Here,we report the observation of intrinsic topological Hall and topological Nernst effects below the Néel temperature(T_(N)=25 K)in the antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator Mn Bi_(2)Te_(4).The maximum of topological Hall resistivity reaches approximately 9μΩ·cm at 2 K,while the topological Nernst signal attains a peak value of 0.1μV/K near 10 K.These anomalous transport behaviors originate from the net Berry curvature induced by the non-collinear spin structure in the canted AFM state.Our results suggest a close connection between the topological thermoelectric effect and non-collinear AFM order in AFM topological insulators.
基金Grant from Major Scientific Research Program of Medical Treatment and Public Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No.200730
文摘BACKGROUND： Conventional methods （such as occlusion therapy, fine manipulation, complementary, and alternative medicine） take effects slowly, are time and labor consuming, and have uncertain curative effects in the treatment of amblyopia. Perceptual learning, a new method for treating amblyopia, improves the ability to process signals from the cerebral optic nerve system by specific visual stimulation and visual learning, as well as activation of the visual signal pathway utilizing brain nervous system plasticity. OBJECTIVE： This study investigated and evaluated the curative effects of perceptual learning, which can directionally increase brain plasticity, on the treatment of amblyopia in children. The relationship between curative effect and time was also analyzed. DESIGN： A self-control experiment. SETTING： Visual Science and Optometry Center, People＇s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 125 amblyopic children （250 amblyopic eyes）, 73 males, 52 females, averaging （6±2） years of age, received treatment at the Visual Science and Optometry Center, People＇s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between September 2006 and February 2007 and were recruited for this study. All children presented with no structural disease of the eyeballs. Written informed consent for therapeutic regiments was obtained from each child＇s parent. The protocol received approval from the Hospital＇s Ethics Committee. METHODS： Visual function was tested with a perceptual learning system （Research Center for Human Health and Development of Sun Yat-sen University, National Engineering Technique Research Center for Medical Care Implement） for visual noise, position noise, contour discrimination, contrast sensitivity, grating stereogram, and random-dot fusion. These tests helped to evaluate the efficiency of visual information processing of these children, and to determine the degree of defects of the optic nerve cells and the connections of visual cortical neurons. According to results of visual function tests, individualized treatment was adopted for each amblyopia patient using perceptual learning system. One course of treatment lasted one month, and treatment was performed twice every day with two training procedures （each training procedure lasted for ten minutes）. There was a ten-minute time interval between the two training procedures. The training treatment was performed in a quiet and dark environment. Visual acuity and recovery of visual function were tested every month. Original training procedure was continued or adjusted according to the results of visual function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Visual function change; relationship of curative effects and curative time. RESULTS： A total of 125 amblyopia children were included in the final analysis. The total efficiency of perceptual learning for treating amblyopia in children was 75.2%. Visual acuity began to greatly increase 3 months after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. Visual acuity was best corrected from 0.60 ± 0.23 before treatment to 0.86 ± 0.26 after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The mean time to reach improved levels with curative effects was （2.82 ± 1.30） months, and to reach a basically cured level was （2.87 ±1.40） months. Percentage of improved visual acuity was the highest [98% （39/40）] in children that received 3 months of treatment and the lowest [55% （31/56）] in children that received 1 month of treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The percentage of basically cured levels with curative effects increased with length of learning time and was the greatest in children that received 4 months of treatment [67% （31/46）, P 〈 0.05]. CONCLUSION： Perceptual learning rapidly and remarkably improves visual function of amblyopia children; however, the curative effects are first apparent two and three months after intervention.
文摘AIM:To explore the effect of visual perception learning software training(VPT)on binocular visual function reconstruction in children with intermittent exotropia after strabismus surgery.METHODS:Ninety children with intermittent exotropia admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to December 2018 were included,and randomly divided into VPT and control groups.Children in the control group received basic binocular vision training,while those in the VPT group received VPT after strabismus surgery.Tertiary visual function,visual perception function,Newcastle Control Score(NCS),and ocular position retraction rate were compared at 3 and 12mo after the surgery.RESULTS:At 3 and 12mo after the surgery,the proportion of simultaneous perception,binocular fusion version and binocular stereo vision in the VPT group was conspicuously higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After the vision training,the binocular visual perception functions of children in both groups were significantly improved compared with that before training(P<0.05).Interestingly,the grating sharpness,texture perception and texture motion perception in the VPT group were dramatically better than control group(P<0.01).The NCS in the VPT group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The ocular position retraction rate in the VPT group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12mo(8.89%vs 26.67%,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:VPT effectively promotes binocular visual function reconstruction in intermittent exotropia children after strabismus surgery and reduces the strabismus severity and ocular position retraction rate.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(No.Z151100004015073)
文摘AIM： To detect the relationship between infusion pressure and postoperative ganglion cells function.METHODS： This prospective observational cohort study included sixty-one eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to infusion time（IT） recorded using surgery equipment [Group A： IT〉IT_（mean）（27 eyes）; Group B： IT
基金the National High Technology and Development Program of China, No. 2007AA04Z324the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30970758, 31070882
文摘To explore the effect of the location of a visual stimulus on neural responses in the primary visual cortex （V1）, a micro-electromechanical system-based microelectrode array with nine channels was implanted on the cerebral dura mater of V1 in adult cats. 2 Hz pattern reversal checkerboard stimul were used to stimulate the four visual quadrants （i.e., upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right fields）. The results showed that there was a N75 component of the visual evoked potential around 50-80 ms after the onset of a checkerboard stimulus, and the onset of these N75 peaks varied with different stimulus locations. The checkerboard stimuli Jnduced shorter latencJes in the contralateral V1 than in the ipsilateral V1, while the checkerboard stimulus in the upper half visual field induced shorter latencies for N75. These results suggested that the pattern-reversal stimuli induced neural activities in V1 that can be recorded with multichannel microelectrodes, and more detailed temporal and spatial properties can be measured.
文摘Runge-Kutta scheme is one of the versatile numerical tools for the simulation of engineering systems. Despite its wide and acceptable engineering use, there is dearth of relevant literature bordering on visual impression possibility among different schemes coefficients which is the strong motivation for the present investigation of the third and fourth order schemes. The present study capitalise on results of tedious computation involving Taylor series expansion equivalent supplemented with Butcher assumptions and constraint equations of well-known works which captures the essential relationship between the coefficients. The simulation proceeds from random but valid specification of two out of the total coefficients possible per scheme. However the remaining coefficients are evaluated with application of appropriate function relationship. Eight and thirteen unknown coefficients were simulated respectively for third and fourth schemes over a total of five thousand cases each for relevant distribution statistics and scatter plots analysis for the purpose of scheme comparison and visual import. The respective three and four coefficients of the slope estimate for the third and fourth schemes have mix sign for large number of simulated cases. However, none of the two schemes have above three of these coefficients lesser than zero. The percentages of simulation results with two coefficients lesser than zero dominate and are respectively 56.88 and 77.10 for third and fourth schemes. It was observed that both popular third and fourth schemes belong to none of the coefficients being zero classification with respective percentage of 0.72 and 3.28 intotal simulated cases. The comparisons of corresponding scatter plots are visually exciting. The overall difference between corresponding scatter plots and distribution results can be used to justify the accuracy of fourth scheme over its counterpart third scheme.
文摘Objective: to study the clinical application effect of visual painless artificial abortion and conventional artificial abortion in artificial abortion. Methods: during the period from January 2018 to January 2020, 100 pregnant women who underwent artificial abortion in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 in each group. The pregnant women in the observation group underwent visual painless artificial abortion, while those in the control group underwent conventional painless artificial abortion. The postoperative recovery, abortion and the probability of complications of the two groups were observed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two surgical methods were analyzed. Results: comparing the data of the two groups, it can be seen that the operation time of abortion in the observation group is less than that in the control group, and the amount of hemorrhage in the operation is also less than that in the control group. The incidence of complications in the observation group is lower than that in the control group, and the satisfaction degree of pregnant women and their families to the operation is higher than that in the control group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: visual painless artificial abortion surgery can effectively increase the therapeutic effect compared with conventional abortion surgery, with shorter operation time, less bleeding during the operation and higher safety. It can also reduce complications and alleviate the pain of pregnant women, and is very worthy of promotion and use.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81904258)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on the N2-P2 wave of the flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in rats of the of the transverse directional pulling model.Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly grouped,nine were in normal control group without any treatment,and the remaining 27 were surgically modelled in the right eyes.Eighteen of these rats were randomly divided into a Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group and a model group of nine rats each after the TON model was made using the transverse quantitative retraction method.The other 9 rats were sham-operated,and only the optic nerve was exposed without retraction.On the next day of modelling,the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was treated with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy for 20 minutes/1 time/1 day for 14 days.The model group,sham-operated group and normal control group were not intervened.Wei's triple nine acupoints were represented as follows:1st link:"Jingming"(BL1)and"Chengqi"(ST1);2nd link:"Sizhukong"(SJ23)penetrating"Taiyang"(EX-HN5);and the third:"Fengchi"(GB 20)and"Taichong"(LV3).The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.The FVEP of each group was observed on 1d,7d and 14d.Results:Compared with the model group,the N2 wave latency and P2 wave latency were shortened in the Wei’s triple nine needling therapy on 1d(P<0.05,P<0.01);on 7d,their N2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.01)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased compared with the model group(P<0.05);on 14d,their P2 wave latency was shortened(P<0.05)and the N2-P2 wave amplitude was increased.There was no statistical difference in N2 wave latency,P2 wave latency and N2-P2 wave amplitude in the sham-operated group on 1d,7d and 14d(P>0.05).The delayed N2 and P2 wave latencies in the model group did not improve from 1d to 14d(P>0.05)and the amplitude decreased throughout,showing a significant difference on 14d compared to 1d(P<0.05).In contrast,the N2 wave latency in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group was not significantly different until 7d to 14d(P<0.05);its P2 wave latency,although significantly delayed from 1d to 7d(P<0.05),recovered on 14d and reached a level that was not statistically different from 1d and 7d(P>0.05).There was also no significant decrease in N2-P2 wave amplitude between 1d and 14d in Wei’s triple nine needling therapy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this experiment,the TON rat model was successfully established by the transverse quantitative retraction method,and the treatment of TON rats with Wei’s triple nine needling therapy reduced the P2 wave delay of the FVEP electrophysiological signal and increased the N2-P2 amplitude,which had a certain positive effect on the repair of optic nerve injury,probably related to its effect of improving the conduction function of the optic nerve and protecting the retinal ganglion cells that had not been degenerated and necrosed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62202137)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M730599)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.LMS25F020009)。
文摘Embodied visual exploration is critical for building intelligent visual agents. This paper presents the neural exploration with feature-based visual odometry and tracking-failure-reduction policy(Ne OR), a framework for embodied visual exploration that possesses the efficient exploration capabilities of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)-based exploration policies and leverages feature-based visual odometry(VO) for more accurate mapping and positioning results. An improved local policy is also proposed to reduce tracking failures of feature-based VO in weakly textured scenes through a refined multi-discrete action space, keyframe fusion, and an auxiliary task. The experimental results demonstrate that Ne OR has better mapping and positioning accuracy compared to other entirely learning-based exploration frameworks and improves the robustness of feature-based VO by significantly reducing tracking failures in weakly textured scenes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0134200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204214)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK202207012)QCYRCXM-2022-241。
文摘Multi-electron and multi-orbital effects play a crucial role in the interaction of strong laser fields with complex molecules.Here,multi-electron effects encompass not only electron-electron Coulomb interactions and exchangecorrelation effects but also the interference between the dynamics of different electron wave packets.
