This paper critically reviews the progress in ecosystem integrity(health)assessment of inland waters and provides future directions for assessment.Current biotic integrity assessments mainly use multimetric indices an...This paper critically reviews the progress in ecosystem integrity(health)assessment of inland waters and provides future directions for assessment.Current biotic integrity assessments mainly use multimetric indices and predictive models to evaluate overall health status;the criteria largely rely on pristine reference sites,but such an approach is not applicable to unique natural waters and irreversibly modified waters.Biotic diagnostic assessments are still in the exploratory stage and can only diagnose possible stressor types and wide-ranges of their intensities through empirical models linking stressors and species-trait-indices.Current chemical integrity assessments mainly use criteria determined by small-scale ecotoxicity tests,rather than quantitative relationships developed between chemical factors and biotic effects in real ecosystems,thus potentially under or overestimating pollutant toxicity.Current physical integrity assessments focus on overall habitat quality,rather than quantitative habitat requirements,and thus cannot provide quantitative support for ecological restoration and conservation.Current hydrological integrity(environment flow)assessments largely depend on quantitative relationships between hydrological regimes with a few species and single groups,rather than with whole communities,and fail to comprehensively diagnose hydrological causes of biotic resource decline.In the future,integrity assessments need to be based on ecosystem integrity requirements of ecosystem service targets:first,there is a need to build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and ecosystem services,assess requirements of community structure and function for service goals,and establish biotic integrity assessment methods;second,we must build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and abiotic integrity in real ecosystems,assess chemical,physical,and hydrological integrity requirements of biotic needs,and establish diagnostic assessment methods.展开更多
Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this...Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this study,we calculated the ECS in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China from 1985 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model based on land use data.We further predicted the spatial distribution of ECS in 2050 under four land use scenarios:natural development scenario(NDS),ecological protection scenario(EPS),cultivated land protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model,and quantified the influences of natural and human factors on the spatial differentiation of ECS using the geographical detector(Geodetector).Results showed that the total ECS of the study area initially increased from 1985 until reaching a peak at 402.36×10^(6) t in 2010,followed by a decreasing trend to 2050.The spatial distribution of ECS was characterized by high values in the eastern and southern parts of the study area,and low values in the western and northern parts.Between 1985 and 2020,land use changes occurred mainly through the expansion of cultivated land,woodland,and construction land at the expense of unused land.The total ECS in 2050 under different land use scenarios(ranked as EPS>CPS>NDS>UDS)would be lower than that in 2020.Nighttime light was the largest contributor to the spatial differentiation of ECS,with soil type and annual mean temperature being the major natural driving factors.Findings of this study could provide guidance on the ecological construction and high-quality development in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
The identification of dominant driving factors for different ecosystem services(ESs)is crucial for ecological conservation and sustainable development.However,the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant driving factors ...The identification of dominant driving factors for different ecosystem services(ESs)is crucial for ecological conservation and sustainable development.However,the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant driving factors affecting various ESs has not been adequately elucidated,particularly in ecologically fragile regions.This study employed the integrated valuation of ESs and trade-offs(InVEST)model to evaluate four ESs,namely,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),habitat quality(HQ),and carbon storage(CS),and then to identify the dominant driving factors of spatiotemporal differentiation of ES and further to characterize the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the dominant driving factors in the eco-fragile areas of the upper Yellow River,China from 2000 to 2020.The results demonstrated that WY exhibited northeast-high and northwest-low patterns in the upper Yellow River region,while high values of SC and CS were distributed in central forested areas and a high value of HQ was distributed in vast grassland areas.The CS,WY,and SC exhibited decreasing trends over time.The most critical factors affecting WY,SC,HQ,and CS were the actual evapotranspiration,precipitation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index,respectively.In addition,the effects of different factors on various ESs exhibited spatial heterogeneity.These results could provide spatial decision support for eco-protection and rehabilitation in ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implicatio...Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resul...Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resulting in biodiversity and habitat loss,environmental pollution,and the depletion of natural resources.In response to these environmental challenges,the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were proposed.Given the pressing need to address these issues,understanding the changes in ESs under the SDGs is crucial for formulating specific ecological strategies.In this study,we first analyzed land use and cover change in the Zhejiang coasts of China during 2000–2020.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal configuration of ESs by integrating carbon storage(CS),soil retention(SR),habitat quality(HQ)and water yield(WY)using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.The driving mechanisms of ESs,which varied by space and time,were also explored using the Geo-detector method.The results revealed that,over the past two decades:1)the Zhejiang coasts have experienced a significant increase of 2783.72 km^(2) in built-up land areas and a continuous decrease in farmland areas due to rapid urbanization;2)owing to higher precipitation,extensive vegetation cover,and reduced anthropogenic disturbances,forests emerge as a crucial land use type for maintaining ecosystem services such as HQ,CS,WY,and SR;3)ESs have generally declined across the entire Zhejiang coasts,with a significant decrease observed in the northern areas and an increase in the southern areas spatially;4)the expansion of built-up land areas emerged as the primary factor affecting ecosystem services,while the vegetation factor has been increasingly significant and is expected to become predominant in the near future.Our study provides insights of understanding of ecosystem service theory and emphasizing the importance of preserving biodiversity for long-term sustainable development,and valuable scientific references to support the ecological management decision-making for local governments.展开更多
Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,i...Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.展开更多
This study examines the evolving use of synthetic chemicals in intensive agriculture over the past decade.It highlights the negative impacts of chemical inputs on soil health and ecosystem integrity and recommends kno...This study examines the evolving use of synthetic chemicals in intensive agriculture over the past decade.It highlights the negative impacts of chemical inputs on soil health and ecosystem integrity and recommends knowledge-sharing platforms,soil protection laws,and collaborative efforts between regulatory agencies and agricultural experts.The study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that includes natural methods alongside synthetic chemicals,particularly herbicides.Ten years ago,farmers primarily used urea,DAP,and potassium for nutrients.However,increased awareness,market forces,and government subsidies have led to a significant rise in herbicide use as a cost-effective weed management strategy.Over the past decade,synthetic fertilizer use for cotton cultivation has increased by 80%,leading to deteriorating soil quality.Paddy cultivation has decreased by 23%,while cotton cultivation has increased by 20.4%due to higher economic incentives.Currently,89.1%of farmers use herbicides,compared to 97.2%who did not a decade ago.Insecticide use has also surged,with 97.8%of farmers applying 1.5 liters or more per acre.The excessive use of chemicals threatens soil fertility and disrupts the ecosystem’s balance.This article explores the reasons behind the adoption of chemical-intensive farming practices and offers insights into farmers’decision-making processes.The careful use of synthetic chemicals is essential to safeguard soil health and maintain ecological balance.展开更多
The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,c...The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,causing carbon storage exchanges.However,the relationship between carbon storage and land use change in the MRYR is not concerned,which results in the uncertainty in the simulation of carbon storage in this area.Land use changes directly affect the carbon storage capacity of ecosystems,and as an indicator reflecting the overall state of land use,land use degree has an important relationship with carbon storage.In this study,land use data and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model were used to assess the trends in land use degree and carbon storage in the MRYR during 1980-2020.The potential impact index and the standard deviation ellipse(SDE)algorithm were applied to quantify and analyze the characteristics of the impact of land use changes on carbon storage.Subsequently,land use transitions that led to carbon storage variations and their spatial variations were determined.The results showed that:(1)the most significant periods of carbon storage changes and land use transitions were observed during 1990-1995 and 1995-2020,with the most changed areas locating in the east of Fenhe River and in northwestern Henan Province;(2)the positive impact of land use degree on carbon storage may be related to the environmental protection measures implemented along the Yellow River,while the negative impact may be associated with the expansion of construction land in plain areas;and(3)the conversion of other land use types to grassland was the primary factor affecting carbon storage changes during 1980-2020.In future land use planning,attention should be given to the direction of grassland conversion,and focus on reasonably limiting the development of construction land.To enhance carbon storage,it will be crucial to increase the area of high-carbon-density land types,such as forest land and grassland under the condition that the area of permanent farmland does not decrease.展开更多
The Liaohe River Basin(LRB)in Northeast China,a critical agricultural and industrial zone,has faced escalating water resource pressures in recent decades due to rapid urbanization,intensified land use changes,and clim...The Liaohe River Basin(LRB)in Northeast China,a critical agricultural and industrial zone,has faced escalating water resource pressures in recent decades due to rapid urbanization,intensified land use changes,and climate variability.Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield and its driving factors is essential for sustainable water resource management in this ecologically sensitive region.This study employed the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of water yield in the LRB(dividing into six sub-basins from east to west:East Liaohe River Basin(ELRB),Taizi River Basin(TRB),Middle Liaohe River Basin(MLRB),West Liaohe River Basin(WLRB),Xinkai River Basin(XRB),and Wulijimuren River Basin(WRB))from 1993 to 2022,with a focus on the impacts of climate change and land use cover change(LUCC).Results revealed that the LRB had an average annual precipitation of 483.15 mm,with an average annual water yield of 247.54 mm,both showing significant upward trend over the 30-a period.Spatially,water yield demonstrated significant heterogeneity,with higher values in southeastern sub-basins and lower values in northwestern sub-basins.The TRB exhibited the highest water yield due to abundant precipitation and favorable topography,while the WRB recorded the lowest water yield owing to arid conditions and sparse vegetation.Precipitation played a significant role in shaping the annual fluctuations and total volume of water yield,with its variability exerting substantially greater impacts than actual evapotranspiration(AET)and LUCC.However,LUCC,particularly cultivated land expansion and grassland reduction,significantly reshaped the spatial distribution of water yield by modifying surface runoff and infiltration patterns.This study provides critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield in the LRB,emphasizing the synergistic effects of climate change and land use change,which are pivotal for optimizing water resource management and advancing regional ecological conservation.展开更多
The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent n...The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.展开更多
Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage va...Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage variations in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,evaluating the impacts of LUCC on carbon storage is crucial for achieving strategic goals such as the China’s dual carbon goals(including carbon peaking and carbon neutrality).This study focuses on the Aral Irrigation Area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,to assess the impacts of LUCC on regional carbon storage and their spatiotemporal dynamics.A comprehensive LUCC database from 2000 to 2020 was developed using Landsat satellite imagery and the random forest classification algorithm.The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model was applied to quantify carbon storage and analyze its response to LUCC.Additionally,future LUCC patterns for 2030 were projected under multiple development scenarios using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model.These future LUCC scenarios were integrated with the InVEST model to simulate carbon storage trends under different land management pathways.Between 2000 and 2020,the dominant land use types in the study area were cropland(area proportion of 35.52%),unused land(34.80%),and orchard land(12.19%).The conversion of unused land and orchard land significantly expanded the area of cropland,which increased by 115,742.55 hm^(2).During this period,total carbon storage and carbon density increased by 7.87×10^(6) Mg C and 20.19 Mg C/hm^(2),respectively.The primary driver of this increase was the conversion of unused land into cropland,accounting for 49.28%of the total carbon storage gain.Carbon storage was notably lower along the northeastern and southeastern edges.By 2030,the projected carbon storage is expected to increase by 0.99×10^(6),1.55×10^(6),and 1.71×10^(6) Mg C under the natural development,cropland protection,and ecological conservation scenarios,respectively.In contrast,under the urban development scenario,carbon storage is projected to decline by 0.40×10^(6) Mg C.In line with China’s dual carbon goals,the ecological conservation scenario emerges as the most effective strategy for enhancing carbon storage.Accordingly,strict enforcement of the cropland red line is recommended.This study provides a valuable scientific foundation for regional ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in arid regions.展开更多
This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem management.WAKES is extended from the instit...This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem management.WAKES is extended from the institutional mechanism of Payments for Improving Ecosystem Services at the Watershed-scale(PIES-W).PIES-W is designed relating to the governance of ecosystem services flows focused on a lake as a resource stock connecting its inflowing and outflowing rivers within its watershed.It explicitly realizes the values of conservation services provided by private land managers and incorporates their activities into the public organizing framework for ecosystem management.It implicitly extends the "upstream-to-downstream" organizing perspective to a broader vision of viewing the ecosystems as comprised of both "watershed landscapes" and "marine landscapes".Extended from PIES-W,WAKES specifies two corresponding feedback:Framework I and II.Framework I is a relationship matrix comprised of three input-output structures of primary governance factors intersecting three subsystems of a watershed with regard to ecosystem services and human stakeholders.Framework II is the Stakeholder-and-Information structure channeling five types of information among four stakeholder groups in order to enable the feedbacks mechanism of Framework I.WAKES identifies the rationales behind three fundamental information transformations,illustrated with the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Program of the Bermejo River Binational Basin.These include(1) translating scientific knowledge into public information within the Function-and-Service structure corresponding to the ecological subsystem,(2) incorporating public perceptions into political will within the Serviceand-Value structure corresponding to the economic subsystem,and(3) integrating scientific knowledge,public perceptions and political will into management options within the Value-and-Stakeholder structure corresponding to the social subsystem.This study seeks to share a vision of social adaptation for a global sustainable future through developing a network to adopt contributions from and forming partnerships among all ecosystem stakeholders.展开更多
The water conservation(WC) function of ecosystems is related to regional ecological security and the sustainable development of water resources, and the assessment of WC and its influencing factors is crucial for ecol...The water conservation(WC) function of ecosystems is related to regional ecological security and the sustainable development of water resources, and the assessment of WC and its influencing factors is crucial for ecological and water resource management.The Tumen River Basin(TRB) is located in the core of the Northeast Asian ecological network and has been experiencing severe ecological crises and water shortages in recent years due to climate change and human activities. However, these crises have not been fully revealed to the extent that corresponding scientific measures are lacking. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and drivers of WC in the TRB from 1990 to 2019 based on the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model. The results showed that: 1) under the combined effect of nature and socioeconomics, the WC depth of the TRB has slowly increased at a rate of 0.11 mm/yr in the past 30 years, with an average WC depth of 36.14 mm. 2) The main driving factor of the spatial variation in WC is precipitation, there is a significant interaction between precipitation and velocity, the interaction between each factor is higher than the contribution of a single factor, and the interactions between factors all have nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. 3) Among the seven counties and municipalities in the study area, the southern part of Helong City and the southeastern part of Longjing City are extremely important areas for WC(> 75 mm), and they should be regarded as regional water resources and ecological priority protection areas. It is foreseen that under extreme climate conditions in the future, the WC of the watershed is under great potential threat, and protection measures such as afforestation and forestation should begin immediately. Furthermore, the great interannual fluctuations in WC depth may place more stringent requirements on the choice of time scales in the ecosystem service assessment process.展开更多
Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in supporting regional sustainable development and improving local ecological environments. However, economic development in mountainous areas has long been lagging, and mult...Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in supporting regional sustainable development and improving local ecological environments. However, economic development in mountainous areas has long been lagging, and multiple conflicts related to resource assurance, ecological protection, and economic development have emerged. An accurate grasp of the current status and evolutionary trends of mountain ecosystems is essential to enhance the overall benefits of ecosystem services and maintain regional ecological security. Based on the In VEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services(ES) in the Dabie Mountains Area(DMA) of eastern China. The Markov-PLUS(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation) model was used to conduct a multi-scenario simulation of the area's future development. Water yield(WY) and soil conservation(SC) had overall increasing trends during 2000-2020, carbon storage(CS)decreased overall but slowed with time, and habitat quality(HQ) increased and then decreased. The ecological protection scenario is the best scenario for improving ES in the DMA by 2030;compared to 2020, the total WY would decrease by 3.77 × 10^(8) m^(3), SC would increase by 0.65 × 10^(6) t, CS would increase by 1.33 × 10^(6) t, and HQ would increase by 0.06%. The comprehensive development scenario is the second-most effective scenario for ecological improvement, while the natural development scenario did not have a significant effect. However, as the comprehensive development scenario considers both environmental protection and economic development, which are both vital for the sustainable development of the mountainous areas, this scenario is considered the most suitable path for future development. There are trade-offs between WY, CS, and HQ, while there are synergies between SC, CS, and HQ. Spatially, the DMA's central core district is the main strong synergistic area, the marginal zone is the weak synergistic area, and trade-offs are mainly distributed in the transition zone.展开更多
Human well-being is dependent on ecosystems. Earth＇s mosaic of ecosystems - forests, grasslands, wetlands, streams, estuaries, and oceans - when functioning naturally, provide materials, conditions, and processes tha...Human well-being is dependent on ecosystems. Earth＇s mosaic of ecosystems - forests, grasslands, wetlands, streams, estuaries, and oceans - when functioning naturally, provide materials, conditions, and processes that sustain all life on this planet, including human life. The benefits that all living things obtain from ecosystems are called ＂ecosystem services.＂ Some are very familiar to us, such as materials like food and timber that are essential for our lives and important parts of the global economy. What are equally important, but certainly less well recognized, are the array of services delivered by ecosystems that do not have easily assigned monetary values, but that make our lives possible. These include the purification of air and water, the decomposition of wastes, the recycling of nutrients on land and in the oceans, the pollination of crops, and the regulation of climate.展开更多
Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding s...Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.展开更多
The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive un...The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function and its driving factors remains incomplete in this basin.In this study,we utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function in the Huangshui River Basin from 2000 to 2020.Additionally,we employed the random forest model,Pearson correlation analysis,and geographical detector(Geodetector)techniques to investigate the primary factors and factor interactions affecting the spatial differentiation of water conservation function.The findings revealed several key points.First,the high-latitude northern region of the study area experienced a significant increase in water conservation over the 21-a period.Second,the Grain for Green project has played a substantial role in improving water conservation function.Third,precipitation,plant available water content(PAWC),grassland,gross domestic product(GDP),and forest land were primary factors influencing the water conservation function.Finally,the spatial differentiation of water conservation function was determined by the interactions among geographical conditions,climatic factors,vegetation biophysical factors,and socio-economic factors.The findings have significant implications for advancing ecological protection and restoration initiatives,enhancing regional water supply capabilities,and safeguarding ecosystem health and stability in the Huangshui River Basin.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The expe...[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.展开更多
The high Zoige Basin （Ruoergai Plateau） on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is a fault depression formed during intensive uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. The wetland is globally important in biodiversity and is compose...The high Zoige Basin （Ruoergai Plateau） on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is a fault depression formed during intensive uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. The wetland is globally important in biodiversity and is composed of marshes, bogs, fens, wet meadows and shallow water interspersed with low hills and sub-alpine meadows. Most of the Zoige wetlands have long been one of the most important grazing lands in China. Recent rangeland policy has allowed grazing, and usable wetland areas have been being legally allocated to individuals or groups of households on a long-term lease basis. Privatizafion of the wetland has impacted the Zoige wetlands in aspects of hydrologic condition, landscape and biodiversity. The uneven spatial distribution of water resources onprivatelands has led to the practice of extracting ground water, which has decreased the perched water table in Zoige. Fencing off the rangelands and grazing on expanding sand dunes have affected landscapes. Variation in the water table has led to the changes in vegetation diversity, resulting in the changes in wildlife and aquatic diversities and ecosystem processes. Making use all year round of the pasture that was previously grazed only in summer has shrunk the daily activity space of wildlife, and the newly erected fences blocked the movement of wild animals looking for food in the snow to lower and open areas. To maintain the favorable conditions of the Zoige wetland ecosystem, the author suggests that, in addition to biophysical research and implementation of conservation practices, there is an immediate need to initiate an integrated management program, increase public awareness of wetland functions and provide better training for the local conservation staff.展开更多
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23040402)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC3200103).
文摘This paper critically reviews the progress in ecosystem integrity(health)assessment of inland waters and provides future directions for assessment.Current biotic integrity assessments mainly use multimetric indices and predictive models to evaluate overall health status;the criteria largely rely on pristine reference sites,but such an approach is not applicable to unique natural waters and irreversibly modified waters.Biotic diagnostic assessments are still in the exploratory stage and can only diagnose possible stressor types and wide-ranges of their intensities through empirical models linking stressors and species-trait-indices.Current chemical integrity assessments mainly use criteria determined by small-scale ecotoxicity tests,rather than quantitative relationships developed between chemical factors and biotic effects in real ecosystems,thus potentially under or overestimating pollutant toxicity.Current physical integrity assessments focus on overall habitat quality,rather than quantitative habitat requirements,and thus cannot provide quantitative support for ecological restoration and conservation.Current hydrological integrity(environment flow)assessments largely depend on quantitative relationships between hydrological regimes with a few species and single groups,rather than with whole communities,and fail to comprehensively diagnose hydrological causes of biotic resource decline.In the future,integrity assessments need to be based on ecosystem integrity requirements of ecosystem service targets:first,there is a need to build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and ecosystem services,assess requirements of community structure and function for service goals,and establish biotic integrity assessment methods;second,we must build quantitative relationships between biotic integrity and abiotic integrity in real ecosystems,assess chemical,physical,and hydrological integrity requirements of biotic needs,and establish diagnostic assessment methods.
基金supported by the Innovation Projects for Overseas Returnees of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region-Study on Multi-Scenario Land Use Optimization and Carbon Storage in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin(202303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42067022,41761066)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022AAC03024)。
文摘Regional sustainable development necessitates a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem carbon storage(ECS),particularly in ecologically sensitive areas with arid and semi-arid climate.In this study,we calculated the ECS in the Ningxia Section of Yellow River Basin,China from 1985 to 2020 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model based on land use data.We further predicted the spatial distribution of ECS in 2050 under four land use scenarios:natural development scenario(NDS),ecological protection scenario(EPS),cultivated land protection scenario(CPS),and urban development scenario(UDS)using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model,and quantified the influences of natural and human factors on the spatial differentiation of ECS using the geographical detector(Geodetector).Results showed that the total ECS of the study area initially increased from 1985 until reaching a peak at 402.36×10^(6) t in 2010,followed by a decreasing trend to 2050.The spatial distribution of ECS was characterized by high values in the eastern and southern parts of the study area,and low values in the western and northern parts.Between 1985 and 2020,land use changes occurred mainly through the expansion of cultivated land,woodland,and construction land at the expense of unused land.The total ECS in 2050 under different land use scenarios(ranked as EPS>CPS>NDS>UDS)would be lower than that in 2020.Nighttime light was the largest contributor to the spatial differentiation of ECS,with soil type and annual mean temperature being the major natural driving factors.Findings of this study could provide guidance on the ecological construction and high-quality development in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41977402,41977194)。
文摘The identification of dominant driving factors for different ecosystem services(ESs)is crucial for ecological conservation and sustainable development.However,the spatial heterogeneity of the dominant driving factors affecting various ESs has not been adequately elucidated,particularly in ecologically fragile regions.This study employed the integrated valuation of ESs and trade-offs(InVEST)model to evaluate four ESs,namely,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),habitat quality(HQ),and carbon storage(CS),and then to identify the dominant driving factors of spatiotemporal differentiation of ES and further to characterize the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the dominant driving factors in the eco-fragile areas of the upper Yellow River,China from 2000 to 2020.The results demonstrated that WY exhibited northeast-high and northwest-low patterns in the upper Yellow River region,while high values of SC and CS were distributed in central forested areas and a high value of HQ was distributed in vast grassland areas.The CS,WY,and SC exhibited decreasing trends over time.The most critical factors affecting WY,SC,HQ,and CS were the actual evapotranspiration,precipitation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index,respectively.In addition,the effects of different factors on various ESs exhibited spatial heterogeneity.These results could provide spatial decision support for eco-protection and rehabilitation in ecologically fragile areas.
基金supported by the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2023-CX-RKX-102)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2022FP-34)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects(2023KFKTB008)the Open Fund of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,China(300102352502).
文摘Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the Loess Plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Fundation (No.41901121,42276234)Open Funding of Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research (No.LHGTXT-2024-004)+1 种基金Science and Technology Major Project of Ningbo (No.2022Z181)Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Natural Resources (No.2023CZEPK04)。
文摘Ecosystem services(ESs)refer to the continuous provisioning of ecosystem goods and services that benefit human beings.Over recent decades,rapid urbanization has exerted significant pressure on coastal ecosystems,resulting in biodiversity and habitat loss,environmental pollution,and the depletion of natural resources.In response to these environmental challenges,the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)were proposed.Given the pressing need to address these issues,understanding the changes in ESs under the SDGs is crucial for formulating specific ecological strategies.In this study,we first analyzed land use and cover change in the Zhejiang coasts of China during 2000–2020.Then,we investigated the spatiotemporal configuration of ESs by integrating carbon storage(CS),soil retention(SR),habitat quality(HQ)and water yield(WY)using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.The driving mechanisms of ESs,which varied by space and time,were also explored using the Geo-detector method.The results revealed that,over the past two decades:1)the Zhejiang coasts have experienced a significant increase of 2783.72 km^(2) in built-up land areas and a continuous decrease in farmland areas due to rapid urbanization;2)owing to higher precipitation,extensive vegetation cover,and reduced anthropogenic disturbances,forests emerge as a crucial land use type for maintaining ecosystem services such as HQ,CS,WY,and SR;3)ESs have generally declined across the entire Zhejiang coasts,with a significant decrease observed in the northern areas and an increase in the southern areas spatially;4)the expansion of built-up land areas emerged as the primary factor affecting ecosystem services,while the vegetation factor has been increasingly significant and is expected to become predominant in the near future.Our study provides insights of understanding of ecosystem service theory and emphasizing the importance of preserving biodiversity for long-term sustainable development,and valuable scientific references to support the ecological management decision-making for local governments.
基金This research was funded by the Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Xinjiang's Historical and Cultural Tourism,Xinjiang University,China(LY2022-06)the Tianchi Talent Project.
文摘Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation.The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve(TBPNR),located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone.The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve.In the present study,we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services(including net primary productivity(NPP),water yield,soil conservation,and habitat quality)in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.In addition,the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis,and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector.During the study period,NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20%and 25.56%,respectively;conversely,water yield decreased by 16.56%,and there was no significant change in habitat quality.Spatially,both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part,whereas water yield showed an opposite trend.Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation,and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield.Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship.NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),respectively,while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model(DEM).Therefore,attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management.The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.
文摘This study examines the evolving use of synthetic chemicals in intensive agriculture over the past decade.It highlights the negative impacts of chemical inputs on soil health and ecosystem integrity and recommends knowledge-sharing platforms,soil protection laws,and collaborative efforts between regulatory agencies and agricultural experts.The study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that includes natural methods alongside synthetic chemicals,particularly herbicides.Ten years ago,farmers primarily used urea,DAP,and potassium for nutrients.However,increased awareness,market forces,and government subsidies have led to a significant rise in herbicide use as a cost-effective weed management strategy.Over the past decade,synthetic fertilizer use for cotton cultivation has increased by 80%,leading to deteriorating soil quality.Paddy cultivation has decreased by 23%,while cotton cultivation has increased by 20.4%due to higher economic incentives.Currently,89.1%of farmers use herbicides,compared to 97.2%who did not a decade ago.Insecticide use has also surged,with 97.8%of farmers applying 1.5 liters or more per acre.The excessive use of chemicals threatens soil fertility and disrupts the ecosystem’s balance.This article explores the reasons behind the adoption of chemical-intensive farming practices and offers insights into farmers’decision-making processes.The careful use of synthetic chemicals is essential to safeguard soil health and maintain ecological balance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52079103)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi'an University of Science and Technology(2024YQ2-02).
文摘The implementation of long-term shelterbelt programs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(MRYR),China not only has improved the overall ecological environment,but also has led to the changes of land use pattern,causing carbon storage exchanges.However,the relationship between carbon storage and land use change in the MRYR is not concerned,which results in the uncertainty in the simulation of carbon storage in this area.Land use changes directly affect the carbon storage capacity of ecosystems,and as an indicator reflecting the overall state of land use,land use degree has an important relationship with carbon storage.In this study,land use data and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model were used to assess the trends in land use degree and carbon storage in the MRYR during 1980-2020.The potential impact index and the standard deviation ellipse(SDE)algorithm were applied to quantify and analyze the characteristics of the impact of land use changes on carbon storage.Subsequently,land use transitions that led to carbon storage variations and their spatial variations were determined.The results showed that:(1)the most significant periods of carbon storage changes and land use transitions were observed during 1990-1995 and 1995-2020,with the most changed areas locating in the east of Fenhe River and in northwestern Henan Province;(2)the positive impact of land use degree on carbon storage may be related to the environmental protection measures implemented along the Yellow River,while the negative impact may be associated with the expansion of construction land in plain areas;and(3)the conversion of other land use types to grassland was the primary factor affecting carbon storage changes during 1980-2020.In future land use planning,attention should be given to the direction of grassland conversion,and focus on reasonably limiting the development of construction land.To enhance carbon storage,it will be crucial to increase the area of high-carbon-density land types,such as forest land and grassland under the condition that the area of permanent farmland does not decrease.
基金funded by the Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund(L22AYJ010).
文摘The Liaohe River Basin(LRB)in Northeast China,a critical agricultural and industrial zone,has faced escalating water resource pressures in recent decades due to rapid urbanization,intensified land use changes,and climate variability.Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield and its driving factors is essential for sustainable water resource management in this ecologically sensitive region.This study employed the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of water yield in the LRB(dividing into six sub-basins from east to west:East Liaohe River Basin(ELRB),Taizi River Basin(TRB),Middle Liaohe River Basin(MLRB),West Liaohe River Basin(WLRB),Xinkai River Basin(XRB),and Wulijimuren River Basin(WRB))from 1993 to 2022,with a focus on the impacts of climate change and land use cover change(LUCC).Results revealed that the LRB had an average annual precipitation of 483.15 mm,with an average annual water yield of 247.54 mm,both showing significant upward trend over the 30-a period.Spatially,water yield demonstrated significant heterogeneity,with higher values in southeastern sub-basins and lower values in northwestern sub-basins.The TRB exhibited the highest water yield due to abundant precipitation and favorable topography,while the WRB recorded the lowest water yield owing to arid conditions and sparse vegetation.Precipitation played a significant role in shaping the annual fluctuations and total volume of water yield,with its variability exerting substantially greater impacts than actual evapotranspiration(AET)and LUCC.However,LUCC,particularly cultivated land expansion and grassland reduction,significantly reshaped the spatial distribution of water yield by modifying surface runoff and infiltration patterns.This study provides critical insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of water yield in the LRB,emphasizing the synergistic effects of climate change and land use change,which are pivotal for optimizing water resource management and advancing regional ecological conservation.
基金Under the auspices of Key Project of the Ministry of Water Resources(No.E202291801,E203101901)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019QZKK0401)。
文摘The Three Gorges Project,the largest water conservation initiative globally,is located within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),a critical zone for water conservation and ecological protection.There is an urgent need to better understand and protect the evolving water conservation functions of the TGRA,alongside identifying the driving mechanisms within its ecological barrier re-gion.This paper explores the spatial and temporal evolution of water conservation function in the TGRA from 1990 to 2020 and its fu-ture trends under different development scenarios from 2020 to 2030.Key driving factors influencing the water conservation function are identified,and a comprehensive development scenario is proposed.The findings indicate a general upward trend in the water conser-vation function of the TGRA,characterized by an initial increase,a subsequent decline,and a final recovery.Moreover,land use changes are found to be the primary factor driving these variations,followed by climatic factors such as precipitation.Under various de-velopment scenarios,the prioritization of water conservation outcomes is ranked as follows:ecological protection>cropland protec-tion>natural development>urban development.The results of this study offer valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological preservation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1900503).
文摘Carbon storage serves as a key indicator of ecosystem services and plays a vital role in maintaining the global carbon balance.Land use and cover change(LUCC)is one of the primary drivers influencing carbon storage variations in terrestrial ecosystems.Therefore,evaluating the impacts of LUCC on carbon storage is crucial for achieving strategic goals such as the China’s dual carbon goals(including carbon peaking and carbon neutrality).This study focuses on the Aral Irrigation Area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,to assess the impacts of LUCC on regional carbon storage and their spatiotemporal dynamics.A comprehensive LUCC database from 2000 to 2020 was developed using Landsat satellite imagery and the random forest classification algorithm.The integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model was applied to quantify carbon storage and analyze its response to LUCC.Additionally,future LUCC patterns for 2030 were projected under multiple development scenarios using the patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model.These future LUCC scenarios were integrated with the InVEST model to simulate carbon storage trends under different land management pathways.Between 2000 and 2020,the dominant land use types in the study area were cropland(area proportion of 35.52%),unused land(34.80%),and orchard land(12.19%).The conversion of unused land and orchard land significantly expanded the area of cropland,which increased by 115,742.55 hm^(2).During this period,total carbon storage and carbon density increased by 7.87×10^(6) Mg C and 20.19 Mg C/hm^(2),respectively.The primary driver of this increase was the conversion of unused land into cropland,accounting for 49.28%of the total carbon storage gain.Carbon storage was notably lower along the northeastern and southeastern edges.By 2030,the projected carbon storage is expected to increase by 0.99×10^(6),1.55×10^(6),and 1.71×10^(6) Mg C under the natural development,cropland protection,and ecological conservation scenarios,respectively.In contrast,under the urban development scenario,carbon storage is projected to decline by 0.40×10^(6) Mg C.In line with China’s dual carbon goals,the ecological conservation scenario emerges as the most effective strategy for enhancing carbon storage.Accordingly,strict enforcement of the cropland red line is recommended.This study provides a valuable scientific foundation for regional ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in arid regions.
基金financial support of the organizing committee of the International Conference on Salt Lake Research,held during 2014 in Beijing,China
文摘This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem management.WAKES is extended from the institutional mechanism of Payments for Improving Ecosystem Services at the Watershed-scale(PIES-W).PIES-W is designed relating to the governance of ecosystem services flows focused on a lake as a resource stock connecting its inflowing and outflowing rivers within its watershed.It explicitly realizes the values of conservation services provided by private land managers and incorporates their activities into the public organizing framework for ecosystem management.It implicitly extends the "upstream-to-downstream" organizing perspective to a broader vision of viewing the ecosystems as comprised of both "watershed landscapes" and "marine landscapes".Extended from PIES-W,WAKES specifies two corresponding feedback:Framework I and II.Framework I is a relationship matrix comprised of three input-output structures of primary governance factors intersecting three subsystems of a watershed with regard to ecosystem services and human stakeholders.Framework II is the Stakeholder-and-Information structure channeling five types of information among four stakeholder groups in order to enable the feedbacks mechanism of Framework I.WAKES identifies the rationales behind three fundamental information transformations,illustrated with the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Program of the Bermejo River Binational Basin.These include(1) translating scientific knowledge into public information within the Function-and-Service structure corresponding to the ecological subsystem,(2) incorporating public perceptions into political will within the Serviceand-Value structure corresponding to the economic subsystem,and(3) integrating scientific knowledge,public perceptions and political will into management options within the Value-and-Stakeholder structure corresponding to the social subsystem.This study seeks to share a vision of social adaptation for a global sustainable future through developing a network to adopt contributions from and forming partnerships among all ecosystem stakeholders.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41830643)the Scientific Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province (No. JJKH20210567KJ)+1 种基金the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund (No.[2020]35)Scientific Development Project (No.[2019]2) of Yanbian University。
文摘The water conservation(WC) function of ecosystems is related to regional ecological security and the sustainable development of water resources, and the assessment of WC and its influencing factors is crucial for ecological and water resource management.The Tumen River Basin(TRB) is located in the core of the Northeast Asian ecological network and has been experiencing severe ecological crises and water shortages in recent years due to climate change and human activities. However, these crises have not been fully revealed to the extent that corresponding scientific measures are lacking. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and drivers of WC in the TRB from 1990 to 2019 based on the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model. The results showed that: 1) under the combined effect of nature and socioeconomics, the WC depth of the TRB has slowly increased at a rate of 0.11 mm/yr in the past 30 years, with an average WC depth of 36.14 mm. 2) The main driving factor of the spatial variation in WC is precipitation, there is a significant interaction between precipitation and velocity, the interaction between each factor is higher than the contribution of a single factor, and the interactions between factors all have nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement. 3) Among the seven counties and municipalities in the study area, the southern part of Helong City and the southeastern part of Longjing City are extremely important areas for WC(> 75 mm), and they should be regarded as regional water resources and ecological priority protection areas. It is foreseen that under extreme climate conditions in the future, the WC of the watershed is under great potential threat, and protection measures such as afforestation and forestation should begin immediately. Furthermore, the great interannual fluctuations in WC depth may place more stringent requirements on the choice of time scales in the ecosystem service assessment process.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2102209)。
文摘Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in supporting regional sustainable development and improving local ecological environments. However, economic development in mountainous areas has long been lagging, and multiple conflicts related to resource assurance, ecological protection, and economic development have emerged. An accurate grasp of the current status and evolutionary trends of mountain ecosystems is essential to enhance the overall benefits of ecosystem services and maintain regional ecological security. Based on the In VEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services(ES) in the Dabie Mountains Area(DMA) of eastern China. The Markov-PLUS(Patch-generating Land Use Simulation) model was used to conduct a multi-scenario simulation of the area's future development. Water yield(WY) and soil conservation(SC) had overall increasing trends during 2000-2020, carbon storage(CS)decreased overall but slowed with time, and habitat quality(HQ) increased and then decreased. The ecological protection scenario is the best scenario for improving ES in the DMA by 2030;compared to 2020, the total WY would decrease by 3.77 × 10^(8) m^(3), SC would increase by 0.65 × 10^(6) t, CS would increase by 1.33 × 10^(6) t, and HQ would increase by 0.06%. The comprehensive development scenario is the second-most effective scenario for ecological improvement, while the natural development scenario did not have a significant effect. However, as the comprehensive development scenario considers both environmental protection and economic development, which are both vital for the sustainable development of the mountainous areas, this scenario is considered the most suitable path for future development. There are trade-offs between WY, CS, and HQ, while there are synergies between SC, CS, and HQ. Spatially, the DMA's central core district is the main strong synergistic area, the marginal zone is the weak synergistic area, and trade-offs are mainly distributed in the transition zone.
文摘Human well-being is dependent on ecosystems. Earth＇s mosaic of ecosystems - forests, grasslands, wetlands, streams, estuaries, and oceans - when functioning naturally, provide materials, conditions, and processes that sustain all life on this planet, including human life. The benefits that all living things obtain from ecosystems are called ＂ecosystem services.＂ Some are very familiar to us, such as materials like food and timber that are essential for our lives and important parts of the global economy. What are equally important, but certainly less well recognized, are the array of services delivered by ecosystems that do not have easily assigned monetary values, but that make our lives possible. These include the purification of air and water, the decomposition of wastes, the recycling of nutrients on land and in the oceans, the pollination of crops, and the regulation of climate.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Found of China(No.21XGL019)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.421RC1034)Professor/Doctor Research Foundation of Huizhou University(No.2022JB080)。
文摘Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3008502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52309103)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Programs of the Ministry of Water Resources(MWR)(SKS-2022002)the Chengde Applied Technology Research and Development and Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Special Science and Technology Plan Project(202305B009)the Qinghai Province Applied Basic Research Program(2024-ZJ-773).
文摘The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function and its driving factors remains incomplete in this basin.In this study,we utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function in the Huangshui River Basin from 2000 to 2020.Additionally,we employed the random forest model,Pearson correlation analysis,and geographical detector(Geodetector)techniques to investigate the primary factors and factor interactions affecting the spatial differentiation of water conservation function.The findings revealed several key points.First,the high-latitude northern region of the study area experienced a significant increase in water conservation over the 21-a period.Second,the Grain for Green project has played a substantial role in improving water conservation function.Third,precipitation,plant available water content(PAWC),grassland,gross domestic product(GDP),and forest land were primary factors influencing the water conservation function.Finally,the spatial differentiation of water conservation function was determined by the interactions among geographical conditions,climatic factors,vegetation biophysical factors,and socio-economic factors.The findings have significant implications for advancing ecological protection and restoration initiatives,enhancing regional water supply capabilities,and safeguarding ecosystem health and stability in the Huangshui River Basin.
基金Supported by Human Resources and Social Security Department Students Abroad Science and Technology Activities Preferred Foundation (Human and Social Council Issued 2008-86)Talent Development Fund Project in Jilin Province (Jilin 2007-259)+6 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project (20060577 )Technology Project Jilin Provincial Ministry of Education (200943520061132007169)The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry (2005-546 )Science Foundation of Changchun Teachers University (2009002)Northeast Normal University Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholar (20050406)~~
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism（microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups） of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus.Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus were higher,at significance level P 〈0.05,P 〈0.01,and P 〈0.01 respectively.The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P 〈0.01;the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P 〈0.05.Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish had important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.
文摘The high Zoige Basin （Ruoergai Plateau） on the eastern Tibetan Plateau is a fault depression formed during intensive uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau. The wetland is globally important in biodiversity and is composed of marshes, bogs, fens, wet meadows and shallow water interspersed with low hills and sub-alpine meadows. Most of the Zoige wetlands have long been one of the most important grazing lands in China. Recent rangeland policy has allowed grazing, and usable wetland areas have been being legally allocated to individuals or groups of households on a long-term lease basis. Privatizafion of the wetland has impacted the Zoige wetlands in aspects of hydrologic condition, landscape and biodiversity. The uneven spatial distribution of water resources onprivatelands has led to the practice of extracting ground water, which has decreased the perched water table in Zoige. Fencing off the rangelands and grazing on expanding sand dunes have affected landscapes. Variation in the water table has led to the changes in vegetation diversity, resulting in the changes in wildlife and aquatic diversities and ecosystem processes. Making use all year round of the pasture that was previously grazed only in summer has shrunk the daily activity space of wildlife, and the newly erected fences blocked the movement of wild animals looking for food in the snow to lower and open areas. To maintain the favorable conditions of the Zoige wetland ecosystem, the author suggests that, in addition to biophysical research and implementation of conservation practices, there is an immediate need to initiate an integrated management program, increase public awareness of wetland functions and provide better training for the local conservation staff.
