DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expres...DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.展开更多
Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple sem...Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.展开更多
In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 （TSEG-2） from mouse testis. To further investigate its functions, 35 male Balb/c mice （8 weeks old） were divided into cryptorchidism gr...In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 （TSEG-2） from mouse testis. To further investigate its functions, 35 male Balb/c mice （8 weeks old） were divided into cryptorchidism group （n=20）, sham group （n=10）, and control group （n=5）. In cryptorchidism group, the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall. In situ hybridization （ISH） was applied to measure the localization of TSEG-2 in mouse testis. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene. Meanwhile, under the mediation of polyethylenimine （PEI）, the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2 （n=5） or empty vector （mock, n=5） was transfected into the testis of male mice. The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL）. The results showed that TSEG-2 was expressed in convoluted seminiferous tubules, more precisely, in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. As compared with sham and control groups, the TSEG-2 transcription was significantly enhanced （P〈0.05） and was correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes （P〈0.05）. PEI was efficient in mediating transfeetion of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis. One week post-transfection, intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo （P〈0.05）. These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of an...BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of anti-degeneration potentials of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe expression changes of calbindin D28K in SN dopaminergic neurons during their degeneration and death in midbrain of PD model rats. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS＂ A total of 92 healthy male SD rats, with the age of 3 months, weighing 200-250 g, were selected from Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SCXK （su） 2003-0003]. Calbindin D28K（CB）, tyroxine hydroxylase （TH）, ABC kit, 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） and Nissl dyes were provided by Sigma Company, and sheep serum was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Company. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Neurobiological Center of Xuzhou Medical College from October 2003 to October 2004. ① With lot method, rats were divided into blank control group （n=28）, experimental control group （n=-28） and experimental group （n=36）. Rats in experimental group were injected with 6-OHDA at right corpus striatum for PD modeling; rats in experimental control group were injected with saline at the same site; rats in blank control group did not give any injections.② On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, SN segments on right midbrain from every 5 rats in experimental group were fixed, embedded with paraffin and cut into successively coronary pieces. Rats in other two groups were treated with the same methods and then stained with Nissl to show neuronal form. Meanwhile, CB and TH antibodies staining with immunohistochemistry were used to show CB containing dopaminergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons, and cells were calculated and observed under optic microscope. ③ On the 14^th and 28^th days, every 4 rats in experimental group and every 4 rats in control group were selected to obtain their brains and separate SN on the injured side. Western blot was used to detect expression of calbindin D28K, protein band was scanned with imaging equipment, and data were analyzed with LabWorks software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, Nissl staining results of SN neurons and immunohistochemical staining results of CB and TH antibodies; ② On the 14^th and 28^th days, Western blot results of calbindin D28K in SN neurons, RESULTS; Among 92 rats, 2 rats in experimental group died after 1 day due to 6-OHDA injection and other 90 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Nissl staining results： On the 7^th day of 6-OHDA injection, most neuronal somas on right SN pars compacta were shown as deep pycnosis or lysis breakage; on the 14^th and 21^st days, amount of neurons was decreased remarkably; on the 28^th day, most neurons in SN pars compacta disappeared. ② Results of immunohistochemical staining： Amount of positive neurons of calbindin D28K in right SN pars compacta was not changed on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection; on the 14^th day, the amount was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.01） and was decreased till the 21^st day, but it was still higher than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）; on the 28^th day, positive neurons of calbindin D28K nearly disappeared, and the amount was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, positive TH neurons decreased 24% in right SN, and there was significant difference from that in control groups; on the 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, positive TH neurons decreased 37%, 46% and 64%, respectively. ③ Western blot results： On the 14＇h day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, expression of calbindin D28K in right SN was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.05）; however, on the 28^th day, the expression was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION ： During degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons, CB expression in SN pars compacta increases firstly and decreased gradually.展开更多
BACKGROUND： It is suspected that dissociation, destruction or synthetic disorder of microtubule-associated protein 2 （MAP-2） may participate in secondary injury of intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）, and the reason m...BACKGROUND： It is suspected that dissociation, destruction or synthetic disorder of microtubule-associated protein 2 （MAP-2） may participate in secondary injury of intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）, and the reason may be related to thrombin in high concentration after ICH; therefore, the mechanism should be studied further. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of hirudin on expression of MAP-2 in peripheral tissue of hematom after ICH and changes of water content in brain tissue and analyze pathogenesis of thrombin in secondary injury after ICH. DESIGN ： Completely randomized grouping design and controlled animal study SEn-ING ： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University MATERIALS ： The experiment was carried out in the Neurological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from April 2003 to April 2004. A number of 80 healthy Wistar rats, of both genders, aged 3-4 months, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 8 groups： normal control group, 6-hour ICH group, 1-day ICH group, 2-day ICH group, 3-day ICH group, 7-day ICH group, 3-day hirudin group and 7-day hirudin group with 10 in each group. Five rats from each group were selected to measure their water content, and the others were undertaken immunohistochemical stain. Hirudin was produced by Sigma Company, USA, and MAP-2 rabbit-rat polyclonal antibody was provided by Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology Company Limited. METHODS： ① Model establishing and grouping intervention： Rats in simple ICH group were collected their blood from tails and then inserted with 50 μL non-anticoagulant auto-arterial blood into the cauda of the putamen in right brain within 5 minutes. Rats in hirudin groups were inserted with 10 U hirudin （which was diluted with saline to 20 μL） into local hematom regions within 5 minutes, and the needle was pulled out after 10 minutes. Rats in normal control group were untouched. ② Water content in peripheral tissue of hematom： Based on the ratio between dry weight and wet weight, brain tissue at bleeding side and in right frontal lobe was selected to measure dry and wet weights so as to calculate the water content [（wet weight - dry weight） /wet weight] × 100%.③ Positive expression of MAP-2： Based on immunohistochemical stain, positive MAP-2 cells were regarded as neurons and they were buffy morphological. Positive rate of MAP-2 was calculated, i.e., percentage of positive cells in each sight to total cells in all sights. ④ Statistical analysis： Data among groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance, averages were compared with SNK-q test by each other, and relation between water content and MAP-2 was analyzed with linear regression technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of water content and MAP-2 expression in peripheral tissue of hematorn at various time points after ICH and intervention of hirudin. RESULTS： All 80 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Water content： Water content was increased at day 1, reached peak at day 3 and decreased at day 7. It was （72.31±0.32）%, （77.42±0.53）%, （78.44±0.28）%, （74.10±0.13）%, （74.85±0.51）% and （70.07±0.36）%, respectively in 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was higher than that in normal control group （63.85±0.41, q=-4.684 3 to -7.262 0, P〈 0.05）; that in 2-day and 3-day ICH groups was higher than that in 7-day ICH group （q=-3.053 4, -3.727 0, P 〈 0.05）; and that in 3-day and 7-day ICH groups was higher than that in hirudin groups at the same time points （q=-2.965 6, -2.726 4, P 〈 0.05）. ②Positive expression of MAP-2： Positive expression of MAP-2 was decreased at 6 hours after ICH, reached the lowest value at day 3 and increased at day 7. Positive rate was （78.60±0.42）%, （60.56±0.74）%, （44.60±0.26）%, （25.45±0.85）%, （32.55±0.64）%, （37.69＋0.76）%, （41.75±0.68）%, respectively in 6-hour, 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was lower than that in normal control group [（96.50±0.33）%, q= -3.074 5 to -8.128 5, P 〈 0.05]. In addition, positive cells of MAP-2 disappeared plentifully at 3-7 days after ICH, stain of positive cells were light, and only stain of plasma was positive. That in 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups was higher than that in ICH groups at the same time points （q= -3.391 8, -2.967 9, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, positive cells of MAP-2 was formed slightly but deeply stained. ③ Results of linear regression： Water content was negatively related to MAP-2 changes at 7 days after ICH （r= -0.894 9, P〈 0.01）, i.e., water content was increased with decrease of MAP-2 expression. CONCLUSION ： The deterioration of MAP-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombin within the first week after ICH, and the local administration of hirudin can protect neurons.展开更多
By investigation of the topological characteristics of the kinematic structure of Satellite Gear Mechanism (SGM) with graph theory, the graph model of SGM is analyzed, and a topological expression model between input ...By investigation of the topological characteristics of the kinematic structure of Satellite Gear Mechanism (SGM) with graph theory, the graph model of SGM is analyzed, and a topological expression model between input and output of SGM is established based on systematic design point. Meanwhile, the mathematical expression for SGM is deduced by integrating matrix theory and graph theory; thus, the topological characteristics of the kinematic structure of SGM can be converted into a matrix model, and the topological design problem of SGM into a matrix operation problem. In addition, a brief discussion about the measures for identification of isomorphism of the graph mode is made.展开更多
This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the essential considerations in designing adaptive clothing for women with lower limb prostheses in Saudi Arabia. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research entai...This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the essential considerations in designing adaptive clothing for women with lower limb prostheses in Saudi Arabia. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research entailed semi-structured, in-depth interviews with women utilizing lower limb prostheses and prosthetic specialists. This approach was selected to unearth pivotal design prerequisites and comprehend the specific challenges these women encounter within the realm of clothing. The utilization of selective sampling facilitated the collection of intricate and valuable insights. A Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) User Needs model was utilized to scrutinize participant feedback. Functional requisites encompass ease of dressing and undressing, accessibility to the prosthetic limb, comfort, mobility with the prosthesis, and appropriate fit. Additionally, participants highlighted various expressive needs, including privacy preservation, modesty, camouflaging disability appearances, maintaining alignment with non-disabled women’s fashion, and considerations about the aesthetic aspects of garments.展开更多
This paper addresses the issue of checking consistency in information models. A method based on constraint programming is proposed for identifying inconsistency or proving consistency in information models. The system...This paper addresses the issue of checking consistency in information models. A method based on constraint programming is proposed for identifying inconsistency or proving consistency in information models. The system described here checks information models written in the ISO standard information modelling language EXPRESS. EXPRESS is part of the ISO STEP standard used in the manufacturing and process industries. This paper describes the checking procedure, including EXPRESS model formalization, constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) derivation from the formalized model and satisfaction checking of the derived CSPs. This paper shows a new domain in which constraint programming can be exploited as model verification and validation.展开更多
文摘DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.
基金Project(2004CB619201)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50621063)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Objective:To explore multiple relationships in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)knowledge by comparing binary and multiple relationships during knowledge organization.Methods:Characteristics of binary and multiple semantic relationships as well as their associations are described.A method to classify multiple relationships based on the involvement of time is proposed and theoretically validated using examples from the ancient TCM classic Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces.The classification includes parallel multiple relationships,restricted multiple relationships,multiple relationships that involve time,and multiple relationships that involve time restriction.Next,construction of multiple semantic relationships for TCM concepts in each classification using Protege,an ontology editing tool is described.Results:Protege is superior to a binary relationship and less than ideal with multiple relationships during the constitution of concept relationships.Conclusion:When applied in TCM,the semantic relationships constructed by Protege are superior than those constructed by correlation and/or attribute relationships,but less ideal than those constructed by the human cognitive process.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30200284,No. 30600278,No. 30772359)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0641)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (2008-889)
文摘In our previous study, we identified a novel testis-specific expressed gene 2 （TSEG-2） from mouse testis. To further investigate its functions, 35 male Balb/c mice （8 weeks old） were divided into cryptorchidism group （n=20）, sham group （n=10）, and control group （n=5）. In cryptorchidism group, the right testes were anchored to the inner lateral abdominal wall. In situ hybridization （ISH） was applied to measure the localization of TSEG-2 in mouse testis. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of TSEG-2 gene. Meanwhile, under the mediation of polyethylenimine （PEI）, the recombinant vector pEGFP-TSEG-2 （n=5） or empty vector （mock, n=5） was transfected into the testis of male mice. The transfection efficiencies were measured under a fluorescence microscope. The apoptosis of spermatogenic cells was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL）. The results showed that TSEG-2 was expressed in convoluted seminiferous tubules, more precisely, in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. As compared with sham and control groups, the TSEG-2 transcription was significantly enhanced （P〈0.05） and was correlated with apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in cryptorchid testes （P〈0.05）. PEI was efficient in mediating transfeetion of TSEG-2 into seminiferous tubules of testis. One week post-transfection, intratesticular injection of TSEG-2 resulted in increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in vivo （P〈0.05）. These results indicate that TSEG-2 may participate in the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.
基金Scientific and Technological Project of State Ministry of Education, No. 204055 the Natural Science Foundation of Educational Bureau of Jiangsu Province, No. 02KJB310009
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous researches suggested that expression level of calbindin D28K mRNA decreased in substantia nigra （SN） of model rats with Parkinson disease （PD）, and this might be related to the decrease of anti-degeneration potentials of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE： To observe expression changes of calbindin D28K in SN dopaminergic neurons during their degeneration and death in midbrain of PD model rats. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design SETTING： Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College MATERIALS＂ A total of 92 healthy male SD rats, with the age of 3 months, weighing 200-250 g, were selected from Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College [certification： SCXK （su） 2003-0003]. Calbindin D28K（CB）, tyroxine hydroxylase （TH）, ABC kit, 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） and Nissl dyes were provided by Sigma Company, and sheep serum was provided by Beijing Zhongshan Company. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Neurobiological Center of Xuzhou Medical College from October 2003 to October 2004. ① With lot method, rats were divided into blank control group （n=28）, experimental control group （n=-28） and experimental group （n=36）. Rats in experimental group were injected with 6-OHDA at right corpus striatum for PD modeling; rats in experimental control group were injected with saline at the same site; rats in blank control group did not give any injections.② On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, SN segments on right midbrain from every 5 rats in experimental group were fixed, embedded with paraffin and cut into successively coronary pieces. Rats in other two groups were treated with the same methods and then stained with Nissl to show neuronal form. Meanwhile, CB and TH antibodies staining with immunohistochemistry were used to show CB containing dopaminergic neurons and dopaminergic neurons, and cells were calculated and observed under optic microscope. ③ On the 14^th and 28^th days, every 4 rats in experimental group and every 4 rats in control group were selected to obtain their brains and separate SN on the injured side. Western blot was used to detect expression of calbindin D28K, protein band was scanned with imaging equipment, and data were analyzed with LabWorks software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① On the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, Nissl staining results of SN neurons and immunohistochemical staining results of CB and TH antibodies; ② On the 14^th and 28^th days, Western blot results of calbindin D28K in SN neurons, RESULTS; Among 92 rats, 2 rats in experimental group died after 1 day due to 6-OHDA injection and other 90 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Nissl staining results： On the 7^th day of 6-OHDA injection, most neuronal somas on right SN pars compacta were shown as deep pycnosis or lysis breakage; on the 14^th and 21^st days, amount of neurons was decreased remarkably; on the 28^th day, most neurons in SN pars compacta disappeared. ② Results of immunohistochemical staining： Amount of positive neurons of calbindin D28K in right SN pars compacta was not changed on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection; on the 14^th day, the amount was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.01） and was decreased till the 21^st day, but it was still higher than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.05）; on the 28^th day, positive neurons of calbindin D28K nearly disappeared, and the amount was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01）. In addition, on the 7^th day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, positive TH neurons decreased 24% in right SN, and there was significant difference from that in control groups; on the 14^th, 21^st and 28^th days, positive TH neurons decreased 37%, 46% and 64%, respectively. ③ Western blot results： On the 14＇h day after 6-OHDA injection into corpus striatum, expression of calbindin D28K in right SN was higher in experimental group than that in both control groups （P 〈 0.05）; however, on the 28^th day, the expression was lower than that in the two control groups （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION ： During degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons, CB expression in SN pars compacta increases firstly and decreased gradually.
基金the Clinical KeyFoundation of Public HealthMinistry, No. 20013144
文摘BACKGROUND： It is suspected that dissociation, destruction or synthetic disorder of microtubule-associated protein 2 （MAP-2） may participate in secondary injury of intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）, and the reason may be related to thrombin in high concentration after ICH; therefore, the mechanism should be studied further. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of hirudin on expression of MAP-2 in peripheral tissue of hematom after ICH and changes of water content in brain tissue and analyze pathogenesis of thrombin in secondary injury after ICH. DESIGN ： Completely randomized grouping design and controlled animal study SEn-ING ： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University MATERIALS ： The experiment was carried out in the Neurological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from April 2003 to April 2004. A number of 80 healthy Wistar rats, of both genders, aged 3-4 months, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 8 groups： normal control group, 6-hour ICH group, 1-day ICH group, 2-day ICH group, 3-day ICH group, 7-day ICH group, 3-day hirudin group and 7-day hirudin group with 10 in each group. Five rats from each group were selected to measure their water content, and the others were undertaken immunohistochemical stain. Hirudin was produced by Sigma Company, USA, and MAP-2 rabbit-rat polyclonal antibody was provided by Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology Company Limited. METHODS： ① Model establishing and grouping intervention： Rats in simple ICH group were collected their blood from tails and then inserted with 50 μL non-anticoagulant auto-arterial blood into the cauda of the putamen in right brain within 5 minutes. Rats in hirudin groups were inserted with 10 U hirudin （which was diluted with saline to 20 μL） into local hematom regions within 5 minutes, and the needle was pulled out after 10 minutes. Rats in normal control group were untouched. ② Water content in peripheral tissue of hematom： Based on the ratio between dry weight and wet weight, brain tissue at bleeding side and in right frontal lobe was selected to measure dry and wet weights so as to calculate the water content [（wet weight - dry weight） /wet weight] × 100%.③ Positive expression of MAP-2： Based on immunohistochemical stain, positive MAP-2 cells were regarded as neurons and they were buffy morphological. Positive rate of MAP-2 was calculated, i.e., percentage of positive cells in each sight to total cells in all sights. ④ Statistical analysis： Data among groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance, averages were compared with SNK-q test by each other, and relation between water content and MAP-2 was analyzed with linear regression technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of water content and MAP-2 expression in peripheral tissue of hematorn at various time points after ICH and intervention of hirudin. RESULTS： All 80 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Water content： Water content was increased at day 1, reached peak at day 3 and decreased at day 7. It was （72.31±0.32）%, （77.42±0.53）%, （78.44±0.28）%, （74.10±0.13）%, （74.85±0.51）% and （70.07±0.36）%, respectively in 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was higher than that in normal control group （63.85±0.41, q=-4.684 3 to -7.262 0, P〈 0.05）; that in 2-day and 3-day ICH groups was higher than that in 7-day ICH group （q=-3.053 4, -3.727 0, P 〈 0.05）; and that in 3-day and 7-day ICH groups was higher than that in hirudin groups at the same time points （q=-2.965 6, -2.726 4, P 〈 0.05）. ②Positive expression of MAP-2： Positive expression of MAP-2 was decreased at 6 hours after ICH, reached the lowest value at day 3 and increased at day 7. Positive rate was （78.60±0.42）%, （60.56±0.74）%, （44.60±0.26）%, （25.45±0.85）%, （32.55±0.64）%, （37.69＋0.76）%, （41.75±0.68）%, respectively in 6-hour, 1-day, 2-day, 3-day and 7-day ICH groups and 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups, which was lower than that in normal control group [（96.50±0.33）%, q= -3.074 5 to -8.128 5, P 〈 0.05]. In addition, positive cells of MAP-2 disappeared plentifully at 3-7 days after ICH, stain of positive cells were light, and only stain of plasma was positive. That in 3-day and 7-day hirudin groups was higher than that in ICH groups at the same time points （q= -3.391 8, -2.967 9, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, positive cells of MAP-2 was formed slightly but deeply stained. ③ Results of linear regression： Water content was negatively related to MAP-2 changes at 7 days after ICH （r= -0.894 9, P〈 0.01）, i.e., water content was increased with decrease of MAP-2 expression. CONCLUSION ： The deterioration of MAP-2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombin within the first week after ICH, and the local administration of hirudin can protect neurons.
文摘By investigation of the topological characteristics of the kinematic structure of Satellite Gear Mechanism (SGM) with graph theory, the graph model of SGM is analyzed, and a topological expression model between input and output of SGM is established based on systematic design point. Meanwhile, the mathematical expression for SGM is deduced by integrating matrix theory and graph theory; thus, the topological characteristics of the kinematic structure of SGM can be converted into a matrix model, and the topological design problem of SGM into a matrix operation problem. In addition, a brief discussion about the measures for identification of isomorphism of the graph mode is made.
文摘This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the essential considerations in designing adaptive clothing for women with lower limb prostheses in Saudi Arabia. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research entailed semi-structured, in-depth interviews with women utilizing lower limb prostheses and prosthetic specialists. This approach was selected to unearth pivotal design prerequisites and comprehend the specific challenges these women encounter within the realm of clothing. The utilization of selective sampling facilitated the collection of intricate and valuable insights. A Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) User Needs model was utilized to scrutinize participant feedback. Functional requisites encompass ease of dressing and undressing, accessibility to the prosthetic limb, comfort, mobility with the prosthesis, and appropriate fit. Additionally, participants highlighted various expressive needs, including privacy preservation, modesty, camouflaging disability appearances, maintaining alignment with non-disabled women’s fashion, and considerations about the aesthetic aspects of garments.
文摘This paper addresses the issue of checking consistency in information models. A method based on constraint programming is proposed for identifying inconsistency or proving consistency in information models. The system described here checks information models written in the ISO standard information modelling language EXPRESS. EXPRESS is part of the ISO STEP standard used in the manufacturing and process industries. This paper describes the checking procedure, including EXPRESS model formalization, constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) derivation from the formalized model and satisfaction checking of the derived CSPs. This paper shows a new domain in which constraint programming can be exploited as model verification and validation.
