Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range c...Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range can induce very mild cardiac pathological changes.In the present study,we revisited the toxic effect of PM_(2.5)on rat heart by adopting single and multiple exposure durations.FemaleWistar ratswere exposed to PM_(2.5)at a concentration of 250μg/m3 daily for 3 hr for single(1 day)and multiple(7,14,21 days)durations.The major pathological changes noted in 21 days exposed myocardium comprised of an elevated ST segment(the segment between the S wave and the T wave),development of cardiac fibrosis,hypertrophy,cardiac injury,tissue inflammation and declined cardiac function.With 14 days exposed heart,the electrocardiograms(ECG),data showed insignificantly declined heart rate and an increased QT(the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave)interval along with mild fibrosis,hypertrophy and lesser number of TUNEL positive cells.On the other hand,single-and 7-days exposure to PM_(2.5)did not impart any significant changes in the myocardium.To determine the reversibility potential of PM_(2.5)induced cardiotoxicity,a washout period of 24 hours was adopted and all observed changes in the myocardium were reversed till day 7,but not in 14-and 21-days exposed samples.Based on the above findings we concluded that PM_(2.5)associated cardiac dysfunction is the cumulative outcome of ineffective cardiac adaptive and repair process that accumulate additively over the time due to prolonged exposure durations.展开更多
The future increased frequency and intensity of heat waves(HWs)across China will exacerbate adverse effects on society and the environment.However,changes in socioeconomic exposure remain underexplored.In this study,c...The future increased frequency and intensity of heat waves(HWs)across China will exacerbate adverse effects on society and the environment.However,changes in socioeconomic exposure remain underexplored.In this study,climate model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),together with population and gross domestic product(GDP)projections were used to investigate projected heat stress and socioeconomic exposure across China and its eight subregions under four shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,SSP3–7.0,and SSP5–8.5)over three periods(2021–2040,2051–2070,and 2081–2100).Our results indicate a consistent upward trend in the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)across all scenarios,with intensifying increases over time,peaking at>6°C.This suggests a continuous increase in the number of extreme heat events(EHEs)in China.Population exposure to EHEs across the four UTCI thresholds(>26°C,>32°C,>38°C,and>46°C)shows an increasing trend.Projections indicate a∼14-fold increase nationwide,500-fold increase in Northwest China(NWC),and a 1000-fold in Southwest China(SWC2)under SSP5–8.5 by2081–2100 compared with current levels.The eastern and southeastern regions,especially the Yangtze River and Pearl River Delta,show significant GDP exposure increases under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5.Population exposure is mainly driven by climatic effects under severe scenarios,whereas GDP exposure is influenced by interaction effects,particularly under SSP5–8.5 and during the 2090s.This study's findings offer actionable insights for targeted adaptation in China's diverse geographies.展开更多
Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemio...Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.展开更多
Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in Chi...Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.展开更多
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples w...Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.展开更多
This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high con...This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.展开更多
This article discusses the evolving real-world practice using nitazoxanide,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and/or azithromycin(Kelleni’s protocol)to manage the evolving manifestations of severe acute resp...This article discusses the evolving real-world practice using nitazoxanide,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and/or azithromycin(Kelleni’s protocol)to manage the evolving manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron EG.5.1,its descendant HV.1 as well as BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1 subvariants in Egypt in 2024.These subvariants are well-known for their highly evolved immune-evasive properties and the manifestations include some peculiar manifestations as persistent cough besides high fever in young children as well as high fever,persistent severe cough,change of voice,loss of taste and smell,epigastric pain,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,generalized malaise and marked bone aches in adults including the high-risk groups.It’s suggested that the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution is continuing to mostly affect the high-risk groups of patients,to some of whom we’ve also successfully prescribed nitazoxanide and/or NSAIDs for post-exposure prophylaxis of all household contacts.We also continue to recommend starting the immune-modulatory antiviral Kelleni’s protocol as soon as possible in the course of infection and adjusting it in a personalized manner to be more aggressive from the beginning for the high risk patients,at least until the currently encountered surge of infections subsides.展开更多
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles o...Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.展开更多
To further expand the application of Mg alloys at high temperatures,the oxidation resistance of Mg-0.3Ca and Mg-3.6Ca alloys with protective coating under flame exposure was studied.Results show that the oxidation res...To further expand the application of Mg alloys at high temperatures,the oxidation resistance of Mg-0.3Ca and Mg-3.6Ca alloys with protective coating under flame exposure was studied.Results show that the oxidation resistance of Mg-Ca alloys under flame exposure is significantly improved by the protective coating,and Mg-3.6Ca alloy shows better oxidation resistance performance.The surface temperature of Mg-Ca alloys is reduced by the coating,therefore improving the oxidation resistance under flame exposure.However,the thermal insulation effect of the coating on Mg-3.6Ca alloy is better,which can be attributed to the Ca accumulation on the surface film.In addition,the surface film with Ca accumulation layer plays a crucial role in protecting the alloy.No obvious Ca accumulation layer exists on the Mg-0.3Ca alloy surface,presenting a restricted protective effect.Nevertheless,the surface film containing Ca accumulation layer is formed on Mg-3.6 Ca alloy,which shows an excellent protective effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and...BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the p...Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the publisher's production process.The published incorrect version and the corrected version of Fig.4 are given below.展开更多
Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In a...Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In addition to being a food staple,rice is widely used as a raw material to produce a vast variety of processed food products.Little is known about Hg levels in snacking rice-food products and potential Hg exposure from consumption of them,besides previous studies on infant rice cereals.Aiming to provide complementary information for a more complete assessment on Hg exposure risk originated from Hgcontaining rice,this study determined total Hg(THg)and MeHg levels in 195 rice-containing and rice-free processed food products covering all major types of snack foods marketed in China and the estimated daily intake(EDI)of dietary Hg from the consumption of these foods.The results clearly showed THg and MeHg contents in rice-containing foods were significantly higher than rice-free products,suggesting the transfer of Hg and MeHg from the rice to the end products,even after manufacturing processes.Moreover,significant positive correlations were observed between THg,MeHg,or MeHg/THg ratio and rice content for samples containing multiple grains as ingredients,further indicating the deciding role of rice for Hg levels in the end food products.Although the EDI of THg and MeHg via ricebased food products were relatively low compared to the reference dose,it should be considered these snacking food products would contribute additive Hg intake outside of the daily regular meals.展开更多
Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is general...Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is generally avoided during antibiotic therapy,but its mechanism remains unclear.To explore the effects of capsaicin on intestinal health during antibiotic administration,we conducted experiments in specifi c pathogen free(SPF)and germ-free(GF)mice and correlation analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics to explore the protective role of the intestinal biological barrier.The results showed that additional supplementation of capsaicin under antibiotic exposure did not cause serious damage to the intestine,but had potential adverse effects on the structure,function,and metabolites of GM,including increasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens(Mucispirillum and Aeromonas),enriching metabolic pathways(arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis),and metabolites associated with colon infl ammation(N-acetylhistamine).In the absence of GM barrier,the benefi cial function of capsaicin on the intestine was weakened and even induced adverse effects,suggesting that GM may have a certain mediating mechanism in the physiological function of capsaicin.展开更多
The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude a...The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude areas,lower oxygen levels may cause children to experience shortness of breath or require increased respiratory effort during vigorous activities such as running.This could lead to increased pollutant inhalation,potentially elevating the burden on the cardiovascular system and triggering adverse reactions such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.Furthermore,differences in physiological adaptation between Han children who have migrated to Xizang and Tibetan children who are native to the region may contribute to different reactions to environmental exposure[2].展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of deltamethrin exposure during prepubertal stage on male reproductive parameters in rats.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats,aged 23 postnatal days,were randomly divided into four groups o...Objective:To explore the effects of deltamethrin exposure during prepubertal stage on male reproductive parameters in rats.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats,aged 23 postnatal days,were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each.The control group received tap water,while the vehicle control group was administered with 1 mL of peanut oil.Experimental groups received deltamethrin 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg,respectively.All treatments were administered orally.At postnatal day 91,all the rats were sacrificed to assess the histology of testes and serum testosterone levels.We also evaluated the binding of deltamethrin to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(HSD),a key enzyme involved in steroidogenesis,using in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability and binding energy of the 3β-HSD and deltamethrin complex over 100 ns time frame.Results:Deltamethrin-exposed rats showed significant weight loss,followed by a marked reduction in serum testosterone levels.They also demonstrated the suppression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes like 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD levels,which were accompanied by sperm morphological abnormalities when compared with the control group rats.Moreover,molecular docking studies indicated that deltamethrin interacts with 3β-HSD competitively with pregnenolone which may be the reason for impaired steroidogenesis.Conclusions:Early life exposure to deltamethrin may induce reproductive toxicity at adult stage.Further exploration studies are warranted to record conclusive evidence for the effects of deltamethrin early exposure.展开更多
Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public se...Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role ...BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.展开更多
Sounds,like screams,which contain acoustic nonlinearities can elicit fearful,emotional responses in animals.In humans,screams activate the amygdala and are perceived as less positive than spoken words.We conducted a p...Sounds,like screams,which contain acoustic nonlinearities can elicit fearful,emotional responses in animals.In humans,screams activate the amygdala and are perceived as less positive than spoken words.We conducted a playback experiment to see if two skink species(one of which is known to negatively respond to nonlinearities)responded differently to human spoken words and screams.We broadcast short phrases of humans screaming,humans speaking,or a control,a novel bird song.We studied the immediate response by quantifying the change in rates of vigilance and locomotion.We also studied a slightly delayed response in risk assessments by measuring skink flight initiation distance after the playback.Furthermore,we conducted experiments in nonresidential and residential areas to understand how human exposure may influence human discrimination and potentially valence perception(i.e.,how sound is emotionally perceived).Blue-tailed skinks(Emoia impar)altered both immediate behavior and their delayed risk assessment when human screaming was broadcast,but only in residential areas.By contrast,white-bellied copper-striped skinks(Emoia cyanura)only altered their delayed risk assessment when human stimuli were broadcast in residential areas.These results indicate that skinks respond differently to human vocalizations depending on their exposure to humans and based on species-specific behaviors.Our results suggest the importance of considering many variables when studying cognition in nature.The amount of human exposure and the acoustic cues contained in auditory stimuli may affect an individual's risk assessment and behavioral responses.展开更多
To the editor,We sincerely appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments from the authors of the letter regarding our recent publication on long-term ozone(O_(3))exposure and the incidence of lung cancer in Chin...To the editor,We sincerely appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments from the authors of the letter regarding our recent publication on long-term ozone(O_(3))exposure and the incidence of lung cancer in China.1,2 Their insights raise important considerations for future research in environmental oncology,and we would like to respond to the key points raised.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金the Indian Council of Medical Research(No.3/1/2(22)/Env/2021-NCD-II)Department of science and technology,India(CRG/2021/000227)for funding this research.
文摘Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range can induce very mild cardiac pathological changes.In the present study,we revisited the toxic effect of PM_(2.5)on rat heart by adopting single and multiple exposure durations.FemaleWistar ratswere exposed to PM_(2.5)at a concentration of 250μg/m3 daily for 3 hr for single(1 day)and multiple(7,14,21 days)durations.The major pathological changes noted in 21 days exposed myocardium comprised of an elevated ST segment(the segment between the S wave and the T wave),development of cardiac fibrosis,hypertrophy,cardiac injury,tissue inflammation and declined cardiac function.With 14 days exposed heart,the electrocardiograms(ECG),data showed insignificantly declined heart rate and an increased QT(the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave)interval along with mild fibrosis,hypertrophy and lesser number of TUNEL positive cells.On the other hand,single-and 7-days exposure to PM_(2.5)did not impart any significant changes in the myocardium.To determine the reversibility potential of PM_(2.5)induced cardiotoxicity,a washout period of 24 hours was adopted and all observed changes in the myocardium were reversed till day 7,but not in 14-and 21-days exposed samples.Based on the above findings we concluded that PM_(2.5)associated cardiac dysfunction is the cumulative outcome of ineffective cardiac adaptive and repair process that accumulate additively over the time due to prolonged exposure durations.
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(Grant No.2023xjkk0101)the National Youth Talent Project(Grant No.E4150103)。
文摘The future increased frequency and intensity of heat waves(HWs)across China will exacerbate adverse effects on society and the environment.However,changes in socioeconomic exposure remain underexplored.In this study,climate model outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),together with population and gross domestic product(GDP)projections were used to investigate projected heat stress and socioeconomic exposure across China and its eight subregions under four shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP)scenarios(SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,SSP3–7.0,and SSP5–8.5)over three periods(2021–2040,2051–2070,and 2081–2100).Our results indicate a consistent upward trend in the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)across all scenarios,with intensifying increases over time,peaking at>6°C.This suggests a continuous increase in the number of extreme heat events(EHEs)in China.Population exposure to EHEs across the four UTCI thresholds(>26°C,>32°C,>38°C,and>46°C)shows an increasing trend.Projections indicate a∼14-fold increase nationwide,500-fold increase in Northwest China(NWC),and a 1000-fold in Southwest China(SWC2)under SSP5–8.5 by2081–2100 compared with current levels.The eastern and southeastern regions,especially the Yangtze River and Pearl River Delta,show significant GDP exposure increases under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5.Population exposure is mainly driven by climatic effects under severe scenarios,whereas GDP exposure is influenced by interaction effects,particularly under SSP5–8.5 and during the 2090s.This study's findings offer actionable insights for targeted adaptation in China's diverse geographies.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82304253)(and 82273709)the Foundation for Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022KQNCX021)the PhD Starting Project of Guangdong Medical University(Grant No.GDMUB2022054).
文摘Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
基金funded by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022A1515011517).
文摘Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3706602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225605 and 22193051)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200).
文摘Synthetic phenolic antioxidants(SPAs)are widely used in diverse industries due to their exceptional antioxidant characteristics.However,human exposure to SPAs may cause health problems.In this study,226 dust samples were collected from 10 provinces in China,and six SPAs(three parent SPAs and their three transformation products)were analyzed.The concentrations of6SPAs(the sum of six target compounds)ranged from 15.4 to 3210 ng/g(geometric mean(GM):169 ng/g).The highest concentration of6SPAswas found in Sichuan Province(GM:349 ng/g),which was approximately 4 times higher than that in Hubei Province(81.6 ng/g)(p<0.05).The concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT),2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6–tert-butylphenol)(AO2246),2,6-di–tert–butyl–1,4-benzoquinone(BHT-Q),2,6-di–tert–butyl–4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol(BHT-OH),and ∑_(p)-SPAs were substantially higher in dust from urban areas than rural areas(p<0.05).AO2246 concentration in dust from homes(GM:0.400 ng/g)was about 4 times higher than that in workplaces(0.116 ng/g)(p<0.01).Significantly higherp-SPAs concentrations were found in dust from homes(GM:17.5 ng/g)than workplaces(11.4 ng/g)(p<0.01).The estimated daily intakes(EDIs)of ∑_(6)SPAs exposed through dust ingestion were 0.582,0.342,0.197,0.076,and 0.080 ng/kg bw/day in different age groups,and exposed through dermal contact was 0.358,0.252,0.174,0.167,and 0.177 ng/kg bw/day.EDIs showed that the exposure risks of SPAs decreased with age.This is the first work to determine SPAs in dust from10 provinces in China and investigate the spatial distribution of SPAs in those regions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1804501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22036007 and 22122611)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ME228)the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities.
文摘This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.
文摘This article discusses the evolving real-world practice using nitazoxanide,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and/or azithromycin(Kelleni’s protocol)to manage the evolving manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron EG.5.1,its descendant HV.1 as well as BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1 subvariants in Egypt in 2024.These subvariants are well-known for their highly evolved immune-evasive properties and the manifestations include some peculiar manifestations as persistent cough besides high fever in young children as well as high fever,persistent severe cough,change of voice,loss of taste and smell,epigastric pain,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,generalized malaise and marked bone aches in adults including the high-risk groups.It’s suggested that the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution is continuing to mostly affect the high-risk groups of patients,to some of whom we’ve also successfully prescribed nitazoxanide and/or NSAIDs for post-exposure prophylaxis of all household contacts.We also continue to recommend starting the immune-modulatory antiviral Kelleni’s protocol as soon as possible in the course of infection and adjusting it in a personalized manner to be more aggressive from the beginning for the high risk patients,at least until the currently encountered surge of infections subsides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206207,22127810,and 22276224)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515011546 and 2023A1515010085)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202102080005)。
文摘Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.
基金General Project of Natural Science Research in Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(23KJB430039)Major Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(21KJA460007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51905462)。
文摘To further expand the application of Mg alloys at high temperatures,the oxidation resistance of Mg-0.3Ca and Mg-3.6Ca alloys with protective coating under flame exposure was studied.Results show that the oxidation resistance of Mg-Ca alloys under flame exposure is significantly improved by the protective coating,and Mg-3.6Ca alloy shows better oxidation resistance performance.The surface temperature of Mg-Ca alloys is reduced by the coating,therefore improving the oxidation resistance under flame exposure.However,the thermal insulation effect of the coating on Mg-3.6Ca alloy is better,which can be attributed to the Ca accumulation on the surface film.In addition,the surface film with Ca accumulation layer plays a crucial role in protecting the alloy.No obvious Ca accumulation layer exists on the Mg-0.3Ca alloy surface,presenting a restricted protective effect.Nevertheless,the surface film containing Ca accumulation layer is formed on Mg-3.6 Ca alloy,which shows an excellent protective effect.
文摘BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
文摘Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the publisher's production process.The published incorrect version and the corrected version of Fig.4 are given below.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2022QB242)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22306111 and 22306108)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2020ZD20)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M732059).
文摘Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In addition to being a food staple,rice is widely used as a raw material to produce a vast variety of processed food products.Little is known about Hg levels in snacking rice-food products and potential Hg exposure from consumption of them,besides previous studies on infant rice cereals.Aiming to provide complementary information for a more complete assessment on Hg exposure risk originated from Hgcontaining rice,this study determined total Hg(THg)and MeHg levels in 195 rice-containing and rice-free processed food products covering all major types of snack foods marketed in China and the estimated daily intake(EDI)of dietary Hg from the consumption of these foods.The results clearly showed THg and MeHg contents in rice-containing foods were significantly higher than rice-free products,suggesting the transfer of Hg and MeHg from the rice to the end products,even after manufacturing processes.Moreover,significant positive correlations were observed between THg,MeHg,or MeHg/THg ratio and rice content for samples containing multiple grains as ingredients,further indicating the deciding role of rice for Hg levels in the end food products.Although the EDI of THg and MeHg via ricebased food products were relatively low compared to the reference dose,it should be considered these snacking food products would contribute additive Hg intake outside of the daily regular meals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122067 and U23A20259)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP622013Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is generally avoided during antibiotic therapy,but its mechanism remains unclear.To explore the effects of capsaicin on intestinal health during antibiotic administration,we conducted experiments in specifi c pathogen free(SPF)and germ-free(GF)mice and correlation analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics to explore the protective role of the intestinal biological barrier.The results showed that additional supplementation of capsaicin under antibiotic exposure did not cause serious damage to the intestine,but had potential adverse effects on the structure,function,and metabolites of GM,including increasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens(Mucispirillum and Aeromonas),enriching metabolic pathways(arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis),and metabolites associated with colon infl ammation(N-acetylhistamine).In the absence of GM barrier,the benefi cial function of capsaicin on the intestine was weakened and even induced adverse effects,suggesting that GM may have a certain mediating mechanism in the physiological function of capsaicin.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2022YFC3702604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977374).
文摘The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude areas,lower oxygen levels may cause children to experience shortness of breath or require increased respiratory effort during vigorous activities such as running.This could lead to increased pollutant inhalation,potentially elevating the burden on the cardiovascular system and triggering adverse reactions such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.Furthermore,differences in physiological adaptation between Han children who have migrated to Xizang and Tibetan children who are native to the region may contribute to different reactions to environmental exposure[2].
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of deltamethrin exposure during prepubertal stage on male reproductive parameters in rats.Methods:Forty male Wistar rats,aged 23 postnatal days,were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each.The control group received tap water,while the vehicle control group was administered with 1 mL of peanut oil.Experimental groups received deltamethrin 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg,respectively.All treatments were administered orally.At postnatal day 91,all the rats were sacrificed to assess the histology of testes and serum testosterone levels.We also evaluated the binding of deltamethrin to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(HSD),a key enzyme involved in steroidogenesis,using in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability and binding energy of the 3β-HSD and deltamethrin complex over 100 ns time frame.Results:Deltamethrin-exposed rats showed significant weight loss,followed by a marked reduction in serum testosterone levels.They also demonstrated the suppression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes like 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD levels,which were accompanied by sperm morphological abnormalities when compared with the control group rats.Moreover,molecular docking studies indicated that deltamethrin interacts with 3β-HSD competitively with pregnenolone which may be the reason for impaired steroidogenesis.Conclusions:Early life exposure to deltamethrin may induce reproductive toxicity at adult stage.Further exploration studies are warranted to record conclusive evidence for the effects of deltamethrin early exposure.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871200,4210010257)。
文摘Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.
文摘Sounds,like screams,which contain acoustic nonlinearities can elicit fearful,emotional responses in animals.In humans,screams activate the amygdala and are perceived as less positive than spoken words.We conducted a playback experiment to see if two skink species(one of which is known to negatively respond to nonlinearities)responded differently to human spoken words and screams.We broadcast short phrases of humans screaming,humans speaking,or a control,a novel bird song.We studied the immediate response by quantifying the change in rates of vigilance and locomotion.We also studied a slightly delayed response in risk assessments by measuring skink flight initiation distance after the playback.Furthermore,we conducted experiments in nonresidential and residential areas to understand how human exposure may influence human discrimination and potentially valence perception(i.e.,how sound is emotionally perceived).Blue-tailed skinks(Emoia impar)altered both immediate behavior and their delayed risk assessment when human screaming was broadcast,but only in residential areas.By contrast,white-bellied copper-striped skinks(Emoia cyanura)only altered their delayed risk assessment when human stimuli were broadcast in residential areas.These results indicate that skinks respond differently to human vocalizations depending on their exposure to humans and based on species-specific behaviors.Our results suggest the importance of considering many variables when studying cognition in nature.The amount of human exposure and the acoustic cues contained in auditory stimuli may affect an individual's risk assessment and behavioral responses.
文摘To the editor,We sincerely appreciate the thoughtful and constructive comments from the authors of the letter regarding our recent publication on long-term ozone(O_(3))exposure and the incidence of lung cancer in China.1,2 Their insights raise important considerations for future research in environmental oncology,and we would like to respond to the key points raised.
