China’s Dongfang Electric Machinery successfully completed the manufacturing of the first batch of embedded components for six turbines it is supplying for the Koysha Hydroelectric Dam project in Ethiopia.Transported...China’s Dongfang Electric Machinery successfully completed the manufacturing of the first batch of embedded components for six turbines it is supplying for the Koysha Hydroelectric Dam project in Ethiopia.Transported by land and sea,these parts will arrive on site in three months.Once completed,the power plant will generate more than 6 billion kwh of electricity annually,reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1 million tonnes per year.展开更多
Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, ke...Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, keeping in mind of this fact, the competitiveness of Pakistan＇s rice with other major exporters was examined by applying revealed competitive advantage. The domestic consumption trends of rice among the major rice exporting countries were also analyzed in the current study. The results revealed that as compare to other major exporters of rice in the world, Pakistan had high competitive and comparative advantage in the production of rice. The comparison of the movements in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with the major world rice competitors/exporters showed that Pakistan possessed relatively high comparative and competitive advantages in rice production. The declining domestic per capita consumption of rice and increasing trends in competitiveness for Pakistan clearly revealed the expected potential of higher growth which meant that rice exports from Pakistan could continue to play an important role for the earnings of foreign exchange. In order to exploit the potential benefits of rice exports, we need to strengthen the competitiveness in rice sector of Pakistan.展开更多
How coral reefs with high productivity and biodiversity can flourish in oligotrophic tropical oceans has inspired substantial research on coral reef ecosystems.Increasing evidence shows that similar to water in an oas...How coral reefs with high productivity and biodiversity can flourish in oligotrophic tropical oceans has inspired substantial research on coral reef ecosystems.Increasing evidence shows that similar to water in an oasis in the desert,there are stable nutrient supplies to coral reefs in oligotrophic oceans.Here,with emphasis on the fluxes of organic matter,we summarize at the ecosystem level(1)the multiple input pathways of external nutrients,(2)the storage of nutrients in reef organisms,(3)the efficient retaining and recycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter within coral reef ecosystems,(4)the distinctly high phytoplankton productivity and biomass inside and near oceanic coral reefs,and(5)the export of reef-related organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.These properties enable coral reefs to function as ecological“pumps”for gathering nutrients across ecosystems and space,retaining and recycling nutrients within the ecosystem,supporting high phytoplankton productivity,and exporting organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.Particularly,the high phytoplankton productivity and biomass make waters around coral reefs potential hotspots of carbon export to ocean depths via the biological pump.We demonstrate that organic carbon influx is vital for coral reef ecosystems’carbon budget and carbon export.The concept of the coral reef ecological pump provides a framework to improve the understanding of the functioning of the coral reef ecosystem and its responses to disturbance.Prospects of the coral reef ecological pump in coral reef studies are discussed in changing oceans driven by human activities and global change in the Anthropocene.展开更多
Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs）, account for more than 95% of all businesses in many countries. These foster economic development and are significant contributors to employment and wealth generation. An observed...Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs）, account for more than 95% of all businesses in many countries. These foster economic development and are significant contributors to employment and wealth generation. An observed phenomenon is the increased momentum of internationalization of SMEs in the developed world. A concern however, is the small percentage of the SMEs from developing countries emulating this trend. Also unexplained are： （1） What makes a small percentage of SMEs in developing countries succeed in internationalizing their businesses when the large majority fail？ （2） What provides the differential advantage to the growth businesses？ Therefore, this paper attempts to address the research question ＂what impacts the owner-managers＇ （OMs＇） perceptions of internal and external barriers have on the internationalization process of the SMEs in a developing country？＂ The data was gathered from OMs of SMEs using a mail survey. Export growth was used as the dependent variable in the study. The differential performance of growth and non-growth SMEs in foreign markets is elucidated in relation to the OMs＇ perception of informational, operational, marketing, and environmental barriers to growth. Significant differences were found between growth and non-growth businesses in relation to the OMs＇ perception of the above barriers investigated.展开更多
Overview of global LNG trade development In recent years,the global trade volume of liquefied natural gas(LNG)has maintained a rapid growth trend,breaking the 300 million tons mark for the first time in 2018,with an a...Overview of global LNG trade development In recent years,the global trade volume of liquefied natural gas(LNG)has maintained a rapid growth trend,breaking the 300 million tons mark for the first time in 2018,with an average annual growth rate of 7.7%in the past five years.In 2020,the trade volume of LNG increased to 487.9 billion m3(356.1 million tons).Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on LNG supply and demand,the increase of LNG trade in 2020 was quite limited,standing at only 4.1 billion m3,far below the growth level in 2019(50.2 billion m3)(Fig.1).展开更多
Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajecto...Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajectory of the country’s trade.展开更多
With a consumer base increasingly hesitant to readopt spending habits,the U.S. economy seems to be caught in a tight spot. But the country still boasts a solid manufacturing base and remains a world leader in technolo...With a consumer base increasingly hesitant to readopt spending habits,the U.S. economy seems to be caught in a tight spot. But the country still boasts a solid manufacturing base and remains a world leader in technology. So is it possible for the United States to switch to an export-driven growth model,and what efforts should be made for such a transition? Zhao Zhongwei,a senior researcher with the Institute of World Politics and Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,discussed these issues in an article recently published in the Shanghai Securities Journal. Edited excerpts follow:展开更多
A middle aged woman from Shandong Province showed us her embroidered shirt. The shirt was made of chiffonelle, with embroidered flowers on the front. The shirt was very cool and comfortable, beautiful and dignified, a...A middle aged woman from Shandong Province showed us her embroidered shirt. The shirt was made of chiffonelle, with embroidered flowers on the front. The shirt was very cool and comfortable, beautiful and dignified, and priced reasonably. These cotton shirts are mostly sold overseas. Shandong Weifang Woolen Clothing Factory is a union of 15 township-owned enterprises in several cities展开更多
Despite the extraordinarily high ownership concentration widely observed in emerging market firms as a result of institutional voids, there is little research on how this high ownership concentration affects the expor...Despite the extraordinarily high ownership concentration widely observed in emerging market firms as a result of institutional voids, there is little research on how this high ownership concentration affects the exporting behavior of emerging market firms. From principal-agent and institutional perspectives, we hypothesize that high ownership concentration has a negative relationship with export intensity, because, in emerging markets, highly concentrated ownership bridges the interests of owners （principals） and managers （agents） so that principals must be prudent in exploring risky international markets. Moreover, we hypothesize that export country diversification strengthens the relationship between ownership concentration and export intensity, because broad geographic dispersion increases risk exposure and principal-agent problems. Empirical analysis based on a panel dataset for publicly listed firms in Peru from 2005 to 2014 supports the hypotheses. The study highlights the risk aversion attitude activated by ownership concentration, an attitude that protects emerging market firms from overconfidently exploring international business opportunities. The study extends the conventional literature on the interface between ownership concentration and international business in an emerging market context. We also discuss the generalizability of the findings to other emerging markets, e.g. China.展开更多
In 2023,auto production and sales in China respectively achieved 30.161 million vehicles and 30.094 million vehicles,respectively YOY up by 11.6%and 12%.Export business and NEV became the driving force for the increas...In 2023,auto production and sales in China respectively achieved 30.161 million vehicles and 30.094 million vehicles,respectively YOY up by 11.6%and 12%.Export business and NEV became the driving force for the increase in auto market.On January,11th,China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM)disclosure the above data.展开更多
Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,th...Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road”by constructing an econometric model.The study found that factors such as the perfection of digital infrastructure,the efficiency of logistics and transportation,the convenience of payment and settlement,and the penetration rate of consumers online shopping significantly affect the export scale of cross-border e-commerce.Institutional factors such as the development level of e-commerce platforms in countries along the route,market access thresholds,and tariff policies also play an important role.Based on the research results,suggestions are put forward to strengthen the construction of cross-border payment system,optimize the logistics distribution network,promote customs clearance facilitation,and deepen cooperation in the field of e-commerce,to provide references for promoting the development of China's crossborder e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road.”展开更多
Ministry:Rare earth export applications approved China has been approving all compliant rare earth export applications for civilian use without delay,the Ministry of Commerce said on Dec.4,2025.This comes after a surv...Ministry:Rare earth export applications approved China has been approving all compliant rare earth export applications for civilian use without delay,the Ministry of Commerce said on Dec.4,2025.This comes after a survey claimed that several European businesses were already,or expecting to be,affected by China's export controls.展开更多
In January and February of 2025,China's textile and clothing exports totaled 42.88 billion US dollars,marking a 4.5%decrease compared to the same period in the previous year.The primary factors contributing to thi...In January and February of 2025,China's textile and clothing exports totaled 42.88 billion US dollars,marking a 4.5%decrease compared to the same period in the previous year.The primary factors contributing to this decline are as follows:First,China’s textile and clothing exports nearly reached USD 45 billion in January and February of 2024,setting a high base.Second,in order to avoid tariffs imposed by the United States,enterprises generally concentrated their exports at the end of last year and January this year.展开更多
Since the beginning of this year, the China-US economic and trade tensions have brought many challenges to China's clothing export companies. Nevertheless, in the face of difficulties, China's clothing foreign...Since the beginning of this year, the China-US economic and trade tensions have brought many challenges to China's clothing export companies. Nevertheless, in the face of difficulties, China's clothing foreign trade still shows strong resilience and adaptability. From January to May, China's clothing exports showed characteristics such as increased volume, lower prices, category differentiation, and multi-point market layout. Meanwhile, Chinese clothing companies have actively responded to trade friction impacts by closely monitoring tariff negotiations, accelerating transformation and upgrading, exploring diversified international markets, and deepening domestic markets.展开更多
On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisia...On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].展开更多
Chinese companies are transitioning from“manufacturing export”to brand export and from“value-for-money competition”to“value competition”,continuously expanding their presence in Russian-speaking markets.
Chinese consumers browsing e-commerce platforms or walking in supermarket aisles have noticed a new feature:dedicated sections for high-quality export products.Far from being a mere marketing gimmick,this trend emerge...Chinese consumers browsing e-commerce platforms or walking in supermarket aisles have noticed a new feature:dedicated sections for high-quality export products.Far from being a mere marketing gimmick,this trend emerged due to intense pressure from a slide in global demand.展开更多
文摘China’s Dongfang Electric Machinery successfully completed the manufacturing of the first batch of embedded components for six turbines it is supplying for the Koysha Hydroelectric Dam project in Ethiopia.Transported by land and sea,these parts will arrive on site in three months.Once completed,the power plant will generate more than 6 billion kwh of electricity annually,reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 1 million tonnes per year.
文摘Under the umbrella of WTO, the reduction in trade barriers has forced the policy makers to focus on the export competitiveness. Rice is an important source for foreign exchange earnings for the economy of Pakistan, keeping in mind of this fact, the competitiveness of Pakistan＇s rice with other major exporters was examined by applying revealed competitive advantage. The domestic consumption trends of rice among the major rice exporting countries were also analyzed in the current study. The results revealed that as compare to other major exporters of rice in the world, Pakistan had high competitive and comparative advantage in the production of rice. The comparison of the movements in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with the major world rice competitors/exporters showed that Pakistan possessed relatively high comparative and competitive advantages in rice production. The declining domestic per capita consumption of rice and increasing trends in competitiveness for Pakistan clearly revealed the expected potential of higher growth which meant that rice exports from Pakistan could continue to play an important role for the earnings of foreign exchange. In order to exploit the potential benefits of rice exports, we need to strengthen the competitiveness in rice sector of Pakistan.
基金The Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) under contract No.GML2019ZD0405the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos41506150 and 41130855+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under contract No.2019A1515011645the National Science and Technology Basic Work Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2015FY110600the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China under contract No.2020B1212060058the Development Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.SCSIO202204。
文摘How coral reefs with high productivity and biodiversity can flourish in oligotrophic tropical oceans has inspired substantial research on coral reef ecosystems.Increasing evidence shows that similar to water in an oasis in the desert,there are stable nutrient supplies to coral reefs in oligotrophic oceans.Here,with emphasis on the fluxes of organic matter,we summarize at the ecosystem level(1)the multiple input pathways of external nutrients,(2)the storage of nutrients in reef organisms,(3)the efficient retaining and recycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter within coral reef ecosystems,(4)the distinctly high phytoplankton productivity and biomass inside and near oceanic coral reefs,and(5)the export of reef-related organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.These properties enable coral reefs to function as ecological“pumps”for gathering nutrients across ecosystems and space,retaining and recycling nutrients within the ecosystem,supporting high phytoplankton productivity,and exporting organic carbon to adjacent open oceans.Particularly,the high phytoplankton productivity and biomass make waters around coral reefs potential hotspots of carbon export to ocean depths via the biological pump.We demonstrate that organic carbon influx is vital for coral reef ecosystems’carbon budget and carbon export.The concept of the coral reef ecological pump provides a framework to improve the understanding of the functioning of the coral reef ecosystem and its responses to disturbance.Prospects of the coral reef ecological pump in coral reef studies are discussed in changing oceans driven by human activities and global change in the Anthropocene.
文摘Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs）, account for more than 95% of all businesses in many countries. These foster economic development and are significant contributors to employment and wealth generation. An observed phenomenon is the increased momentum of internationalization of SMEs in the developed world. A concern however, is the small percentage of the SMEs from developing countries emulating this trend. Also unexplained are： （1） What makes a small percentage of SMEs in developing countries succeed in internationalizing their businesses when the large majority fail？ （2） What provides the differential advantage to the growth businesses？ Therefore, this paper attempts to address the research question ＂what impacts the owner-managers＇ （OMs＇） perceptions of internal and external barriers have on the internationalization process of the SMEs in a developing country？＂ The data was gathered from OMs of SMEs using a mail survey. Export growth was used as the dependent variable in the study. The differential performance of growth and non-growth SMEs in foreign markets is elucidated in relation to the OMs＇ perception of informational, operational, marketing, and environmental barriers to growth. Significant differences were found between growth and non-growth businesses in relation to the OMs＇ perception of the above barriers investigated.
文摘Overview of global LNG trade development In recent years,the global trade volume of liquefied natural gas(LNG)has maintained a rapid growth trend,breaking the 300 million tons mark for the first time in 2018,with an average annual growth rate of 7.7%in the past five years.In 2020,the trade volume of LNG increased to 487.9 billion m3(356.1 million tons).Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on LNG supply and demand,the increase of LNG trade in 2020 was quite limited,standing at only 4.1 billion m3,far below the growth level in 2019(50.2 billion m3)(Fig.1).
文摘Rwanda secured access to one of the world’s most lucrative agricultural markets this month when it finalised a trade protocol allowing fresh avocado exports to China,a deal that could fundamentally alter the trajectory of the country’s trade.
文摘With a consumer base increasingly hesitant to readopt spending habits,the U.S. economy seems to be caught in a tight spot. But the country still boasts a solid manufacturing base and remains a world leader in technology. So is it possible for the United States to switch to an export-driven growth model,and what efforts should be made for such a transition? Zhao Zhongwei,a senior researcher with the Institute of World Politics and Economics under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,discussed these issues in an article recently published in the Shanghai Securities Journal. Edited excerpts follow:
文摘A middle aged woman from Shandong Province showed us her embroidered shirt. The shirt was made of chiffonelle, with embroidered flowers on the front. The shirt was very cool and comfortable, beautiful and dignified, and priced reasonably. These cotton shirts are mostly sold overseas. Shandong Weifang Woolen Clothing Factory is a union of 15 township-owned enterprises in several cities
文摘Despite the extraordinarily high ownership concentration widely observed in emerging market firms as a result of institutional voids, there is little research on how this high ownership concentration affects the exporting behavior of emerging market firms. From principal-agent and institutional perspectives, we hypothesize that high ownership concentration has a negative relationship with export intensity, because, in emerging markets, highly concentrated ownership bridges the interests of owners （principals） and managers （agents） so that principals must be prudent in exploring risky international markets. Moreover, we hypothesize that export country diversification strengthens the relationship between ownership concentration and export intensity, because broad geographic dispersion increases risk exposure and principal-agent problems. Empirical analysis based on a panel dataset for publicly listed firms in Peru from 2005 to 2014 supports the hypotheses. The study highlights the risk aversion attitude activated by ownership concentration, an attitude that protects emerging market firms from overconfidently exploring international business opportunities. The study extends the conventional literature on the interface between ownership concentration and international business in an emerging market context. We also discuss the generalizability of the findings to other emerging markets, e.g. China.
文摘In 2023,auto production and sales in China respectively achieved 30.161 million vehicles and 30.094 million vehicles,respectively YOY up by 11.6%and 12%.Export business and NEV became the driving force for the increase in auto market.On January,11th,China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM)disclosure the above data.
文摘Cross-border e-commerce,as a new form of international trade,has shown great development potential in the context of the“Belt and Road”initiative.Based on the cross-border e-commerce export data from 2015 to 2024,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road”by constructing an econometric model.The study found that factors such as the perfection of digital infrastructure,the efficiency of logistics and transportation,the convenience of payment and settlement,and the penetration rate of consumers online shopping significantly affect the export scale of cross-border e-commerce.Institutional factors such as the development level of e-commerce platforms in countries along the route,market access thresholds,and tariff policies also play an important role.Based on the research results,suggestions are put forward to strengthen the construction of cross-border payment system,optimize the logistics distribution network,promote customs clearance facilitation,and deepen cooperation in the field of e-commerce,to provide references for promoting the development of China's crossborder e-commerce exports to countries along the“Belt and Road.”
文摘Ministry:Rare earth export applications approved China has been approving all compliant rare earth export applications for civilian use without delay,the Ministry of Commerce said on Dec.4,2025.This comes after a survey claimed that several European businesses were already,or expecting to be,affected by China's export controls.
文摘In January and February of 2025,China's textile and clothing exports totaled 42.88 billion US dollars,marking a 4.5%decrease compared to the same period in the previous year.The primary factors contributing to this decline are as follows:First,China’s textile and clothing exports nearly reached USD 45 billion in January and February of 2024,setting a high base.Second,in order to avoid tariffs imposed by the United States,enterprises generally concentrated their exports at the end of last year and January this year.
文摘Since the beginning of this year, the China-US economic and trade tensions have brought many challenges to China's clothing export companies. Nevertheless, in the face of difficulties, China's clothing foreign trade still shows strong resilience and adaptability. From January to May, China's clothing exports showed characteristics such as increased volume, lower prices, category differentiation, and multi-point market layout. Meanwhile, Chinese clothing companies have actively responded to trade friction impacts by closely monitoring tariff negotiations, accelerating transformation and upgrading, exploring diversified international markets, and deepening domestic markets.
文摘On 13 December 2024,liquefied natural gas(LNG)company Venture Global LNG(Arlington,VA,USA)commenced commercial production of the super-chilled fuel at its partially completed Plaquemines LNG export terminal in Louisiana(Fig.1)[1].In terms of dollars invested,the 21 billion USD plant is the fourth largest infrastructure project in the world[2].Venture Global initially expected the terminal to produce and ship 20 million tonnes of LNG annually[3].An 18 billion USD expansion of the terminal approved in February 2025 will bring its maximum annual produc-tion capacity to 45 million tonnes[4].When fully operational in 2027,the facility,located in Plaquemines Parish on the Mississippi River about 32 km south of New Orleans,will be among the largest in the world,further contributing to the US position as the world’s biggest LNG exporter[1].
文摘Chinese companies are transitioning from“manufacturing export”to brand export and from“value-for-money competition”to“value competition”,continuously expanding their presence in Russian-speaking markets.
文摘Chinese consumers browsing e-commerce platforms or walking in supermarket aisles have noticed a new feature:dedicated sections for high-quality export products.Far from being a mere marketing gimmick,this trend emerged due to intense pressure from a slide in global demand.
