Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the pra...Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the practice teaching,realizing the united simulation experiment of many courses and strengthening the teachers' training.And the teaching quality has been improved greatly.展开更多
In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", ...In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", the CAS began to encourage enthusiastically its scientific and technical personnel to run high-and new tech enterprises.At present,there are more than 500 S&T enterprises at the Academy,including five (group)corporations directly under the jurisdiction of the Academy, 21 co-operation enterprises,40 or so展开更多
By means of producing and using TV teaching materials on chemical teaching,the authors have been exploring thecomprehensive reform in the curriculum system,the teaching content and the teaching methods of the subject ...By means of producing and using TV teaching materials on chemical teaching,the authors have been exploring thecomprehensive reform in the curriculum system,the teaching content and the teaching methods of the subject ofchemical education at higher normal universities.This paper takes the production of TV-teaching展开更多
Standardizers keep making theoretical explorations and innovations to advance the standardization process in China.By the end of 2025,the China Standardization Press organized experts to conduct a rigorous review of a...Standardizers keep making theoretical explorations and innovations to advance the standardization process in China.By the end of 2025,the China Standardization Press organized experts to conduct a rigorous review of all articles published on China Standardization (Chinese version) and Standard Science in 2025.The top ten excellent papers were hereby showcased.展开更多
The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon ...The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Fuyu pay zone,this study systematically analyzes the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation,including source rock conditions,reservoir characteristics and migration capacity,in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,using seismic,drilling and core data,and reveals the hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and accumulation model.The results indicate that the source rocks in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Qing-1 Member)in the Gulong Sag are widely distributed,characterized by high quality,large area,high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation intensity,providing an ample oil source for the Fuyu pay zone.The Fuyu pay zone in the Gulong Sag features multi-phase channel sand bodies and beach-bar sands that are laterally superimposed and vertically stacked,forming large-scale sand-rich reservoir assemblages,which provide the storage space for tight oil enrichment.Influenced by overpressure pore preservation and dissolution-enhanced porosity,the porosity of the Fuyu pay zone can reach up to 13%,meeting the reservoir conditions necessary for large-scale tight oil enrichment.The episodic opening of hydrocarbon-source connected faults during the hydrocarbon expulsion period,combined with source-reservoir pressure differentials,drives the efficient charging and enrichment of hydrocarbons into the underlying tight reservoirs.The hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Fuyu pay zone is summarized as“source-reservoir juxtaposition,overpressure charging,lateral source-reservoir connection+vertical fault-directed bidirectional hydrocarbon supply,continuous sand body distribution,and large-scale enrichment in fault-horst belts”.A new insight for the deep area of the Gulong Sag is proposed as being sand-rich,having superior reservoirs,and being oil-rich.This insight guided the deployment of three risk exploration wells.The Well HT1H achieved a high-yield industrial oil flow rate of 35.27 t/d during testing,discovering light tight oil with low density and low viscosity.Through horizontal well volumetric fracturing treatment,the Well HT1H achieved the first high-yield breakthrough of tight oil in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,confirming the presence of geological conditions for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in this area.This expands the potential for hundred-million-ton tight oil resource additions in the Songliao Basin and deepens the theoretical understanding of continental tight oil accumulation.展开更多
Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfel...Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.展开更多
During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The...During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?展开更多
The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation backgroun...The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.展开更多
Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resource...Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.展开更多
This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical ...This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical signatures of shales from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,as well as anthracites from the Lower Permian Shanxi–Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation(collectively referred to as the Shanxi Taiyuan Formations).Additionally,burial and thermal evolution modeling was employed to support the analysis.A systematic assessment of Raman spectral parameters(e.g.,the positions and intensity ratio of the D and G bands)revealed robust correlations between the thermal history patterns of source rocks and molecular structural evolution parameters.The subsequent mechanistic quantification demonstrated that the maturation state of the source rocks was subjected to the hierarchical control of three principal factors:Peak heating temperature,the duration of sustained thermal intensity,and effective maturation duration.In addition,comparative analyses demonstrated that the anthracites attained higher structural ordering under sustained thermal conditions.This contrasts with the disordered carbon matrices observed in the intermittently heated shales.Raman spectroscopy further revealed broader variations in the D and G band intensities of the Longmaxi Formation compared to the Qiongzhusi Formation.This difference is associated with their different thermal histories.The thermal burial histories confirm that shales in the Longmaxi Formation underwent thermal exposure at lower peak temperatures over a shorter duration compared to those in the Qiongzhusi Formation.Finally,this study established a maturity calibration model for over-mature source rocks through a systematic correlation between Raman peak height ratios(R_(D/G))and vitrinite reflectance(R_(o)).展开更多
Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study emplo...Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.展开更多
The Yuncheng Basin,located in the southern part of the Fenwei Rift,North China,exhibits obvious crust thinning(Moho uplift of 6-8 km)and shallow Curie point depth(less than 18 km)and hence holds great potential for ge...The Yuncheng Basin,located in the southern part of the Fenwei Rift,North China,exhibits obvious crust thinning(Moho uplift of 6-8 km)and shallow Curie point depth(less than 18 km)and hence holds great potential for geothermal resources.However,geothermal exploration within the Yuncheng Basin typically faces significant challenges due to civil and industrial noise from dense populations and industrial activities.To address these challenges,both Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(CSAMT)and radon measurements were employed in Baozigou village to investigate the geothermal structures and identify potential geothermal targets.The CSAMT method effectively delineated the structure of the subsurface hydrothermal system,identifying the reservoir as Paleogene sandstones and Ordovician and Cambrian limestones at elevations ranging from−800 m to−2500 m.In particular,two concealed normal faults(F_(a)and F_(b))were newly revealed by the combination of CSAMT and radon profiling;these previously undetected faults,which exhibit different scales and opposing dips,are likely to be responsible for controlling the convection of thermal water within the Basin’s subsurface hydrothermal system.Moreover,this study developed a preliminary conceptual geothermal model for the Fen River Depression within the Yuncheng Basin,which encompasses geothermal heat sources,cap rocks,reservoirs,and fluid pathways,providing valuable insights for future geothermal exploration.In conjunction with the 3D geological model constructed from CSAMT resistivity structures beneath Baozigou village,test drilling is recommended in the northwestern region of the Baozigou area to intersect the potentially deep fractured carbonates that may contain temperature-elevated geothermal water.This study establishes a good set of guidelines for future geothermal exploration in this region,indicating that high-permeability faults in the central segments of the Fen River Depression are promising targets.展开更多
The exploration of high-performance materials presents a fundamental challenge in materials science,particularly in predicting properties for materials beyond the known range of target property values(extrapolation).T...The exploration of high-performance materials presents a fundamental challenge in materials science,particularly in predicting properties for materials beyond the known range of target property values(extrapolation).This study formally investigated the interpolation-extrapolation trade-off phenomenon in the prediction capabilities of machine learning(ML)models.A new ML scheme was proposed,featuring a newly developed ML model and forward cross-validation-based hyperparameter optimization,which demonstrated superior extrapolation prediction across multiple materials datasets.Based on this ML scheme,multi-objective optimization was performed to systematically identify lightweight Mg-Zn-Al alloys with both high bulk modulus and high Debye temperature.Subsequently,the designed alloys were validated through density functional theory calculations.Furthermore,a three-category classification strategy was summarized through the dual-driven approach combining domain knowledge and data,emphasizing their synergistic potential for materials discovery.The practical framework developed in this study provides a novel research perspective for exploring high-performance materials.展开更多
The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This rev...The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.展开更多
The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of ...The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of boreholes,extreme loss of circulation,and high-head inflow are also common in fractured strata,which often inhibit completion of probe holes and the reliability of coring,packer testing,and grouting tests.Casing,consequently,is a significant enabling technology to stabilize fractured intervals and has a hydraulic isolation under coupled mechanical and hydrogeological disturbances.The review is a synthesis of research and engineering experience on methods of casing to be used in horizontal drilling of fractured rock masses used in the exploration of water conveyance tunnels.The geological and working environment is initially outlined with a focus on fracture-adaptable instability processes and the special goings on of underground drilling,such as the restricted workspace,cuttings difficult to move,and fast movement of the competent and crushed regions.Types of casing systems are then listed,including both standard threaded steel strings and telescopic programs,and more specialized casing system types,including expandable casing,swellable sealing elements,and external casing packers.Special focus is made on the sealing of annulus in horizontal holes,wherein slurry loss,gravity segregation,and non-uniform borehole geometry usually worsen isolation.Lastly,the article suggests adaptive choice of strategy according to real-time drilling reaction,and research priorities,such as tunnel-specific performance measurements,coupled hydro-mechanical modelling,and field trials of sophisticated sealing material and data-driven choice making.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japo...This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.展开更多
Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL...Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL),a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework.CORAL synergistically integrates two modules:(1)a novelty-based intrinsic reward module to drive efficient exploration and(2)an explicit relational learning module that allows agents to predict peer intentions and enhance coordination.Built on a multi-agent Actor-Critic architecture,CORAL enables agents to balance self-interest with group objectives.Comprehensive evaluations in a high-fidelity simulation show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-theart baselines like multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)and monotonic value function factorisation for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(QMIX)in path planning efficiency,collision avoidance,and scalability.展开更多
文摘Based on analyzing the necessity of reforming the course of Landscape Engineering,the course reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the teaching contents,reforming the teaching methods,enhancing the practice teaching,realizing the united simulation experiment of many courses and strengthening the teachers' training.And the teaching quality has been improved greatly.
文摘In 1984, under the guideline laid down by the Communist Party of China, "economic construction must rely on science and technology, and science and technology must be geared to serve economic construction", the CAS began to encourage enthusiastically its scientific and technical personnel to run high-and new tech enterprises.At present,there are more than 500 S&T enterprises at the Academy,including five (group)corporations directly under the jurisdiction of the Academy, 21 co-operation enterprises,40 or so
文摘By means of producing and using TV teaching materials on chemical teaching,the authors have been exploring thecomprehensive reform in the curriculum system,the teaching content and the teaching methods of the subject ofchemical education at higher normal universities.This paper takes the production of TV-teaching
文摘Standardizers keep making theoretical explorations and innovations to advance the standardization process in China.By the end of 2025,the China Standardization Press organized experts to conduct a rigorous review of all articles published on China Standardization (Chinese version) and Standard Science in 2025.The top ten excellent papers were hereby showcased.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Oil,Gas and New Energy Division Science and Technology Special Project(2023YQX10102)。
文摘The concurrent exploration of shale oil wells in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin has uncovered promising hydrocarbon shows in the Fuyu pay zone of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.To assess the hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Fuyu pay zone,this study systematically analyzes the main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation,including source rock conditions,reservoir characteristics and migration capacity,in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,using seismic,drilling and core data,and reveals the hydrocarbon enrichment mechanism and accumulation model.The results indicate that the source rocks in the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Qing-1 Member)in the Gulong Sag are widely distributed,characterized by high quality,large area,high maturity and high hydrocarbon generation intensity,providing an ample oil source for the Fuyu pay zone.The Fuyu pay zone in the Gulong Sag features multi-phase channel sand bodies and beach-bar sands that are laterally superimposed and vertically stacked,forming large-scale sand-rich reservoir assemblages,which provide the storage space for tight oil enrichment.Influenced by overpressure pore preservation and dissolution-enhanced porosity,the porosity of the Fuyu pay zone can reach up to 13%,meeting the reservoir conditions necessary for large-scale tight oil enrichment.The episodic opening of hydrocarbon-source connected faults during the hydrocarbon expulsion period,combined with source-reservoir pressure differentials,drives the efficient charging and enrichment of hydrocarbons into the underlying tight reservoirs.The hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Fuyu pay zone is summarized as“source-reservoir juxtaposition,overpressure charging,lateral source-reservoir connection+vertical fault-directed bidirectional hydrocarbon supply,continuous sand body distribution,and large-scale enrichment in fault-horst belts”.A new insight for the deep area of the Gulong Sag is proposed as being sand-rich,having superior reservoirs,and being oil-rich.This insight guided the deployment of three risk exploration wells.The Well HT1H achieved a high-yield industrial oil flow rate of 35.27 t/d during testing,discovering light tight oil with low density and low viscosity.Through horizontal well volumetric fracturing treatment,the Well HT1H achieved the first high-yield breakthrough of tight oil in the deep area of the Gulong Sag,confirming the presence of geological conditions for large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation in this area.This expands the potential for hundred-million-ton tight oil resource additions in the Songliao Basin and deepens the theoretical understanding of continental tight oil accumulation.
文摘Time flows with no stop,and seasons change in swift succession.As we bid farewell to 2025 and welcome the Spring Festival of 2026,the Editorial Office of Petroleum Exploration and Development extends our most heartfelt gratitude and sincerest New Year wishes to our editorial board members,experts,authors,readers,and friends from all sectors.
文摘During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372160,42072172)。
文摘The Neogene Shawan Formation in the Chepaizi Uplift of the Junggar Basin(NW China)has obtained high oil flow,demonstrating a good potential for oil and gas exploration.The multi-source hydrocarbon generation background and strong tectonic activity have led to the simultaneous production of heavy oil and light oil from multi-layer in the area,which makes it very difficult to identify oil origins,presently,the hot debate on the oil origins needs to be clarified.In this paper,due to the selective consumption of different types of compounds in crude oils by severe and intense biodegradation,the commonly used oilsource correlation tools are ineffective or may produce misleading results,this study adopted a biomarker recovery method based on the principle of mass conservation that uses the sum of the mass of the residual biomarkers and their corresponding biodegradation products to obtain the mass of the original biomarkers,improving the reliability of oil origins determination.Based on the nature and occurrence of crude oils,the investigated oils are subdivided into three types,Group A,Group B and Group C.Group A,light oils occurred mainly in lower structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift,while Group B,heavy oils occurred mainly in higher structure Neogene Shawan Formation in the western Chepaizi Uplift.The two types of crude oils may come from the mixed source of Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)and Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation source rocks(E_(2-3)a)in the Sikeshu Sag,and Jurassic Badaowan Formation source rocks(J_(1)b)are the main source of crude oils.Group C,heavy oils occurred mainly in Neogene Shawan Formation in the eastern Chepaizi Uplift,showing good correlation with the Permian(P_(1)f and P_(2)w)source rocks in the Shawan Sag.At the same time,by combining stable carbon isotope and parameters related to triaromatic steroids,the accuracy of the oilsource correlation results by biomarker recovery method was further verified.
文摘Oil and gas resources serve as the driving force for economic and social development.This rapid development of science and technology has accelerated the exploration,development,and utilization of oil and gas resources,and thus led to spurts in related research.However,the research trends in global oil and gas exploration vary with the progress of science and technology as well as social demands.Accordingly,they are not easily captured.This study explores the research trends in global oil and gas exploration through the bibliometric analysis of 3460 articles on oil and gas exploration collected from the Web of Science database and published from 2013 to 2023.The research hotspots,objects,regional distribution,methods,and evaluation methods in oil and gas exploration are analyzed,and the direction of development of oil and gas exploration is presented on this basis.The research characteristics of four major countries or regions related to oil and gas exploration were further investigated and compared.The results show that the number of publications on oil and gas exploration research has been continuously increasing in the past decade,with China ranking the top in terms of publications.Given the continuously evolving global energy demand,exploration of unconventional oil and gas,application of digital technology,deep and emerging regional resource exploration,and environmentally friendly and low-carbon source exploration will be future research hotspots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42362022)the Open Fund of the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology(PAG-202406)the Open Fund of the Mine Geology and Environment Academician and Expert Workstation(2024OITYSZJGZZ-005)。
文摘This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical signatures of shales from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,as well as anthracites from the Lower Permian Shanxi–Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation(collectively referred to as the Shanxi Taiyuan Formations).Additionally,burial and thermal evolution modeling was employed to support the analysis.A systematic assessment of Raman spectral parameters(e.g.,the positions and intensity ratio of the D and G bands)revealed robust correlations between the thermal history patterns of source rocks and molecular structural evolution parameters.The subsequent mechanistic quantification demonstrated that the maturation state of the source rocks was subjected to the hierarchical control of three principal factors:Peak heating temperature,the duration of sustained thermal intensity,and effective maturation duration.In addition,comparative analyses demonstrated that the anthracites attained higher structural ordering under sustained thermal conditions.This contrasts with the disordered carbon matrices observed in the intermittently heated shales.Raman spectroscopy further revealed broader variations in the D and G band intensities of the Longmaxi Formation compared to the Qiongzhusi Formation.This difference is associated with their different thermal histories.The thermal burial histories confirm that shales in the Longmaxi Formation underwent thermal exposure at lower peak temperatures over a shorter duration compared to those in the Qiongzhusi Formation.Finally,this study established a maturity calibration model for over-mature source rocks through a systematic correlation between Raman peak height ratios(R_(D/G))and vitrinite reflectance(R_(o)).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42372346,41802080,42030809,41873043).
文摘Epithermal deposits are characterized by complex low-temperature hydrothermal alterations, but the links between mineralization and superimposed alteration are obscure and require further elucidation. This study employs shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectral scalars for alteration mineral mapping and three-dimensional modeling of the Ulan Uzhur Ag polymetallic deposit, a newly discovered epithermal deposit in the Qimantagh. Alteration zoning transitions from illitemuscovite-carbonate-pyrite in the core(Zone Ⅰ), through muscovite ± illite-kaolinite-chlorite-carbonate(Zone Ⅱ), to muscovite-chlorite-biotite(Zone Ⅲ) at the periphery. The Zone Ⅰ with mineralization features long-wavelength white mica(wAlOH > 2207 nm) with a high Illite Crystallinity(IC)(mean > 2.0), suggesting a relatively high-temperature environment conducive to mineralization. Petrographic analyses with fluid inclusion and IC curve characteristics suggests that fluid boiling may be a pivotal mechanism for mineral precipitation. Furthermore, surface mapping and deep threedimensional modeling of spectral characteristics reveal a correlation between long-wavelength white mica, high IC and mineralization zones. These findings indicate that SWIR spectroscopy reveal the evolution of fluids and provide valuable guidance for future exploration efforts.
基金supported by the Shanxi Province Basic Research Program(No.20210302123374)Yuncheng University Doctoral Research Initiation Fund(No.YQ-2021008)+3 种基金Excellent doctors come to Shanxi to reward scientific research projects(No.QZX-2023020)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy(No.SKLPG2025-1-1)Joint Open Fund of the Research Platforms of School of Computer Science,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(No.PTLH2024-B-03)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(No.2025AFC095).
文摘The Yuncheng Basin,located in the southern part of the Fenwei Rift,North China,exhibits obvious crust thinning(Moho uplift of 6-8 km)and shallow Curie point depth(less than 18 km)and hence holds great potential for geothermal resources.However,geothermal exploration within the Yuncheng Basin typically faces significant challenges due to civil and industrial noise from dense populations and industrial activities.To address these challenges,both Controlled-Source Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics(CSAMT)and radon measurements were employed in Baozigou village to investigate the geothermal structures and identify potential geothermal targets.The CSAMT method effectively delineated the structure of the subsurface hydrothermal system,identifying the reservoir as Paleogene sandstones and Ordovician and Cambrian limestones at elevations ranging from−800 m to−2500 m.In particular,two concealed normal faults(F_(a)and F_(b))were newly revealed by the combination of CSAMT and radon profiling;these previously undetected faults,which exhibit different scales and opposing dips,are likely to be responsible for controlling the convection of thermal water within the Basin’s subsurface hydrothermal system.Moreover,this study developed a preliminary conceptual geothermal model for the Fen River Depression within the Yuncheng Basin,which encompasses geothermal heat sources,cap rocks,reservoirs,and fluid pathways,providing valuable insights for future geothermal exploration.In conjunction with the 3D geological model constructed from CSAMT resistivity structures beneath Baozigou village,test drilling is recommended in the northwestern region of the Baozigou area to intersect the potentially deep fractured carbonates that may contain temperature-elevated geothermal water.This study establishes a good set of guidelines for future geothermal exploration in this region,indicating that high-permeability faults in the central segments of the Fen River Depression are promising targets.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51671075 and 51971086)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.LH2022E081).
文摘The exploration of high-performance materials presents a fundamental challenge in materials science,particularly in predicting properties for materials beyond the known range of target property values(extrapolation).This study formally investigated the interpolation-extrapolation trade-off phenomenon in the prediction capabilities of machine learning(ML)models.A new ML scheme was proposed,featuring a newly developed ML model and forward cross-validation-based hyperparameter optimization,which demonstrated superior extrapolation prediction across multiple materials datasets.Based on this ML scheme,multi-objective optimization was performed to systematically identify lightweight Mg-Zn-Al alloys with both high bulk modulus and high Debye temperature.Subsequently,the designed alloys were validated through density functional theory calculations.Furthermore,a three-category classification strategy was summarized through the dual-driven approach combining domain knowledge and data,emphasizing their synergistic potential for materials discovery.The practical framework developed in this study provides a novel research perspective for exploring high-performance materials.
文摘The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)into groundwater exploration and water resources management has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing global water challenges.This review explores key AI and ML concepts,methodologies,and their applications in hydrology,focusing on groundwater potential mapping,water quality prediction,and groundwater level forecasting.It discusses various data acquisition techniques,including remote sensing,geospatial analysis,and geophysical surveys,alongside preprocessing methods that are essential for enhancing model accuracy.The study highlights AI-driven solutions in water distribution,allocation optimization,and realtime resource management.Despite their advantages,the application of AI and ML in water sciences faces several challenges,including data scarcity,model reliability,and the integration of these tools with traditional water management systems.Ethical and regulatory concerns also demand careful consideration.The paper also outlines future research directions,emphasizing the need for improved data collection,interpretable models,real-time monitoring capabilities,and interdisciplinary collaboration.By leveraging AI and ML advancements,the water sector can enhance decision-making,optimize resource distribution,and support the development of sustainable water management strategies.
文摘The most common aspect of water conveyance tunnel construction is the use of horizontal and sub-horizontal exploration drilling of headings of a tunnel to predict geology and groundwater conditions.The instability of boreholes,extreme loss of circulation,and high-head inflow are also common in fractured strata,which often inhibit completion of probe holes and the reliability of coring,packer testing,and grouting tests.Casing,consequently,is a significant enabling technology to stabilize fractured intervals and has a hydraulic isolation under coupled mechanical and hydrogeological disturbances.The review is a synthesis of research and engineering experience on methods of casing to be used in horizontal drilling of fractured rock masses used in the exploration of water conveyance tunnels.The geological and working environment is initially outlined with a focus on fracture-adaptable instability processes and the special goings on of underground drilling,such as the restricted workspace,cuttings difficult to move,and fast movement of the competent and crushed regions.Types of casing systems are then listed,including both standard threaded steel strings and telescopic programs,and more specialized casing system types,including expandable casing,swellable sealing elements,and external casing packers.Special focus is made on the sealing of annulus in horizontal holes,wherein slurry loss,gravity segregation,and non-uniform borehole geometry usually worsen isolation.Lastly,the article suggests adaptive choice of strategy according to real-time drilling reaction,and research priorities,such as tunnel-specific performance measurements,coupled hydro-mechanical modelling,and field trials of sophisticated sealing material and data-driven choice making.
基金CHINA POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(Grant No.2025M771925)Young Scientists Fund(C Class)(Grant No.32501636)Special Fund of Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expense for Higher School of Central Government(Grant No.2572025JT04).
文摘This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.
基金supported by the STI 2030 Major Projects(No.2022ZD0208804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62473017)。
文摘Robust cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formation in complex 3D environments is hampered by reward sparsity and inefficient collaboration.To address this,we propose context-aware relational agent learning(CORAL),a novel multi-agent deep reinforcement learning framework.CORAL synergistically integrates two modules:(1)a novelty-based intrinsic reward module to drive efficient exploration and(2)an explicit relational learning module that allows agents to predict peer intentions and enhance coordination.Built on a multi-agent Actor-Critic architecture,CORAL enables agents to balance self-interest with group objectives.Comprehensive evaluations in a high-fidelity simulation show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-theart baselines like multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient(MADDPG)and monotonic value function factorisation for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning(QMIX)in path planning efficiency,collision avoidance,and scalability.
